WO2012098682A1 - Illumination device and illumination method for external quality inspection apparatus for agricultural produce - Google Patents

Illumination device and illumination method for external quality inspection apparatus for agricultural produce Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012098682A1
WO2012098682A1 PCT/JP2011/051114 JP2011051114W WO2012098682A1 WO 2012098682 A1 WO2012098682 A1 WO 2012098682A1 JP 2011051114 W JP2011051114 W JP 2011051114W WO 2012098682 A1 WO2012098682 A1 WO 2012098682A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
agricultural product
produce
point
lighting
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2011/051114
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
芳徳 武田
Original Assignee
株式会社ニレコ
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 株式会社ニレコ filed Critical 株式会社ニレコ
Priority to KR1020127030720A priority Critical patent/KR101740087B1/en
Priority to CN201180035446.2A priority patent/CN103003687B/en
Priority to JP2012553536A priority patent/JP5610550B2/en
Priority to PCT/JP2011/051114 priority patent/WO2012098682A1/en
Publication of WO2012098682A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012098682A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/85—Investigating moving fluids or granular solids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/02—Food
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/02—Food
    • G01N33/025—Fruits or vegetables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N2021/845—Objects on a conveyor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N2021/8466—Investigation of vegetal material, e.g. leaves, plants, fruits

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a lighting device and a lighting method for irradiating agricultural products with light, which are used in a device for inspecting the external quality of fruits and other agricultural products.
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of the inspection apparatus described in the publication.
  • the inspection apparatus 10 described in FIG. 20 detects the agricultural product 14 every time the agricultural product 14 passes by the conveyor 12 that continuously conveys the agricultural product 14 (for example, grapefruit or mandarin orange) that is the inspection object, and detects the detection signal.
  • Photosensor 16 that emits light, five CCD cameras 18 that image agricultural products 14 from five directions, and light irradiation that irradiates the agricultural products 14 that are disposed adjacent to each CCD camera 18 and pass over the conveyor 12. It comprises means 20 and a control device 22 for operating the electronic shutter of each CCD camera 18 in accordance with the detection signal from the photoelectric sensor 16.
  • One of the five CCD cameras 18 is arranged to image the conveyed agricultural product 14 from above, and the other four are configured to image the conveyed agricultural product 14 from the side. They are arranged in one horizontal plane with a 90 degree interval therebetween.
  • the inspection device 10 operates as follows.
  • Agricultural products 14 are placed on the conveyor 12 at regular intervals and continuously conveyed.
  • the photoelectric sensor 16 transmits a detection signal to the control device 22 every time the agricultural product 14 passes.
  • the control device 22 presses the electronic shutter of each CCD camera 18 after a certain time has elapsed since receiving the detection signal, that is, when the agricultural product 14 to be imaged reaches the imaging point of each CCD camera 18 from the photoelectric sensor 16. Activate and take an image of the produce 14.
  • control device 22 performs image processing of the still image of the agricultural product 14 obtained in this way, and determines the external quality of each agricultural product 14 according to the processing result.
  • the inspection apparatus 10 is configured to irradiate the agricultural product 14 with light not only from above but also from the side.
  • the amount of light applied to the agricultural product 14 from above is larger than the amount of light applied to the agricultural product 14 from the side, or conversely, the amount of light applied to the agricultural product 14 from the side is applied to the agricultural product 14 from above.
  • the amount of light is larger than the amount of light to be generated, an illuminance difference is generated between the central portion and the outer portion of the agricultural product 14, so that the image of the agricultural product 14 is not always clear.
  • the present invention has been made in view of such problems in the conventional inspection apparatus 10, and when the agricultural product 14 is imaged by irradiating light from above and from the side of the agricultural product 14, the agricultural product 14 is irradiated from above.
  • an illuminating device and an illuminating method capable of controlling the amount of light emitted and the amount of light emitted to the agricultural product 14 from the side to obtain a clear image of the agricultural product 14.
  • the present invention provides an external quality inspection device for agricultural products that irradiates each of agricultural products conveyed in one direction and inspects the external quality of the agricultural products based on reflected light from the agricultural products.
  • the illumination device for irradiating light to the agricultural product used in the above an upper illumination unit for irradiating the agricultural product with light from above the agricultural product, and at least 4 for irradiating the agricultural product with light from the side of the agricultural product
  • Each of the side lighting units, and a control device that controls the amount of light emitted from the upper lighting unit and the amount of light emitted from the side lighting unit.
  • the illuminance at the first point that is most affected by the light emitted from the lighting unit is most affected by the light emitted from the upper lighting unit.
  • control device controls the irradiation time of the side illumination unit so that the illuminance at the first point is equal to the illuminance at the second point.
  • the control device controls the total amount of light emitted from the side lighting unit by controlling the number of side lighting units to be operated among the side lighting units. It is preferable to do.
  • At least one of the upper lighting unit and the side lighting unit includes a circular light receiving device that receives light reflected from the agricultural product, and a ring-shaped lighting device.
  • the lighting fixture is arranged around the light receiving device and concentrically with the light receiving device.
  • the outer diameter of the light receiving device and the inner diameter of the lighting fixture can be set equal.
  • control device may control the side lighting unit such that an irradiation time of the side lighting unit is in a range of 3.6 to 6.1 milliseconds. preferable.
  • the present invention further relates to an illumination method for irradiating light to each of the agricultural products conveyed in one direction and irradiating the agricultural products with light in a method of inspecting the external quality of the agricultural products based on reflected light from the agricultural products.
  • the illuminance at the first point where the produce is most strongly affected by light irradiated from the side is the illuminance at the second point where the produce is most strongly affected by light irradiated from above.
  • a lighting method in which the time for irradiating light from the side of the agricultural product to the agricultural product is controlled so as to fall within a range of 10%.
  • the agricultural product in the second step, is irradiated with light from the side of the agricultural product so that the illuminance at the first point is equal to the illuminance at the second point. It is preferable that the time to perform is controlled.
  • the time during which the agricultural product is irradiated with light from the side of the agricultural product is in the range of 3.6 to 6.1 milliseconds.
  • the present invention further includes a transport means for continuously transporting the agricultural product to be inspected, a detection device for detecting the agricultural product each time the agricultural product passes, and generating a detection signal, and the agricultural product upward and laterally.
  • An external quality inspection device for agricultural products comprising: an imaging unit that captures an image; a lighting unit as described above; and a control unit that operates the imaging unit in response to the detection signal.
  • At least one of the upper illumination unit and the side illumination unit includes a circular light receiving device that receives light reflected from the agricultural product, and a ring-shaped lighting fixture. It is preferable that the lighting fixture is arranged around the light receiving device and concentrically with the light receiving device.
  • the outer diameter of the light receiving device and the inner diameter of the lighting fixture are set equal.
  • control device may control the side illumination unit such that an irradiation time of the side illumination unit is in a range of 3.6 to 6.1 milliseconds. preferable.
  • the present invention further provides an illumination method for irradiating light to each agricultural product conveyed in one direction and irradiating the agricultural product with light in a method of inspecting external quality of the agricultural product based on reflected light from the agricultural product.
  • a program is provided in which the time for irradiating light to the agricultural product from the side of the agricultural product is controlled so as to fall within a range of ⁇ 10% of the illuminance at the second point.
  • the agricultural product in the second processing, is irradiated with light from the side of the agricultural product so that the illuminance at the first point is equal to the illuminance at the second point. It is preferred that the time be controlled.
  • the time during which the agricultural product is irradiated with light from the side of the agricultural product is in the range of 3.6 to 6.1 milliseconds.
  • the control device is configured such that the illuminance at the first point at which the produce is most strongly affected by the light emitted from the side illumination unit is affected by the light from which the produce is emitted from the upper illumination unit.
  • the irradiation time of the side illumination unit is controlled so as to fall within a range of ⁇ 10% of the illuminance at the second point that receives the strongest. That is, the control device controls the operation of the side lighting unit so that the light irradiation time by the side lighting unit becomes the optimum irradiation time.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an illumination device 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the agricultural products 14 are continuously conveyed on the belt conveyor 12 in one direction.
  • the lighting device 100 includes an upper illumination unit 110 that irradiates the agricultural product 14 with light from above the agricultural product 14, and four lateral illumination units 121 that irradiate the agricultural product 14 with light from the side of the agricultural product 14, 122, 123, 124, and a control device 130 that controls the amount of light emitted from the upper illumination unit 110 to the produce 14 and the amount of light emitted from the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 to the produce 14.
  • an upper illumination unit 110 that irradiates the agricultural product 14 with light from above the agricultural product 14, and four lateral illumination units 121 that irradiate the agricultural product 14 with light from the side of the agricultural product 14, 122, 123, 124, and a control device 130 that controls the amount of light emitted from the upper illumination unit 110 to the produce 14 and the amount of light emitted from the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 to the produce 14.
  • the lighting device 100 forms part of an inspection device 10A that inspects the external quality of the agricultural product 14, and the inspection device 10A continuously supplies agricultural products (for example, grapefruits and tangerines) 14 that are inspected.
  • the conveyor 12 that automatically conveys, the photoelectric sensor 16 that detects the agricultural product 14 each time the agricultural product 14 passes, emits a detection signal, the five CCD cameras 18 that image the agricultural product 14 from five directions, and this embodiment
  • the control device 22 that operates the electronic shutter of each CCD camera 18 in accordance with the detection signal from the photoelectric sensor 16.
  • One of the five CCD cameras 18 is arranged above the agricultural product 14 so as to image the agricultural product 14 being conveyed from above, and the other four are side by side the agricultural product 14 being conveyed.
  • the agricultural products 14 are arranged in a horizontal plane with a 90-degree interval between them on the side.
  • the four CCD cameras 18 are arranged so as to be positioned in a horizontal plane that is approximately half the height of the agricultural product 14.
  • the upper lighting unit 110 and the four side lighting units 121, 122, 123, 124 are arranged adjacent to each of the five CCD cameras 18, and produce the agricultural products 14 passing on the conveyor 12 from above and from the sides, respectively. Irradiate light.
  • the inspection apparatus 10A operates in the same manner as the inspection apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 20 except that the amount of light applied to the agricultural product 14 by the lighting apparatus 100 according to this embodiment is controlled by the control apparatus 130.
  • the control device 130 has the same operation start time of the upper illumination unit 110 and the operation start times of the four side illumination units 121, 122, 123, and 124. Furthermore, the illuminance at the first point at which the agricultural product 14 is most strongly affected by the light irradiated from the side lighting units 121, 122, 123, 124 is The operation end times of the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, and 124 are controlled so as to fall within a range of ⁇ 10% of the illuminance at the second point most strongly affected by the irradiated light.
  • control device 130 always operates the upper illumination unit 110 and controls the irradiation time (operation time) of the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, and 124 to be shorter than the irradiation time of the upper illumination unit 110. I do.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the control device 130.
  • the control device 130 includes a central processing unit (CPU) 131, a first memory 132, a second memory 133, an input interface 134 for inputting various commands and data to the central processing unit 131, and a central processing unit. And an output interface 135 that outputs a result of the processing executed by 131, and a bus 136 that connects the central processing unit 131 to the first memory 132, the second memory 133, the input interface 134, and the output interface 135.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • Each of the first memory 132 and the second memory 133 includes a read only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a semiconductor storage device such as an IC memory card, a storage medium such as a flexible disk, and a hard disk Or an optical magnetic disk or the like.
  • ROM read only memory
  • RAM random access memory
  • semiconductor storage device such as an IC memory card
  • storage medium such as a flexible disk, and a hard disk Or an optical magnetic disk or the like.
  • the first memory 132 is composed of ROM
  • the second memory 133 is composed of RAM.
  • the first memory 132 stores various control programs to be executed by the central processing unit 131 and other fixed data.
  • the second memory 133 stores various data and parameters and provides an operation area for the central processing unit 131, that is, data temporarily required for the central processing unit 131 to execute the program. Is stored.
  • the central processing unit 131 reads the program from the first memory 132 and executes the program. That is, the central processing unit 131 operates according to a program stored in the first memory 132.
  • the present inventor conducted the following experiment in order to determine the optimal light amount control of the upper illumination unit 110 and the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, and 124.
  • FIG. 3 is an image of the agricultural product 14 taken from above.
  • the point at which the agricultural product 14 is most strongly affected by the light emitted from the side lighting units 121, 122, 123, and 124 is point A, and the light from which the agricultural product 14 is irradiated from the upper lighting unit 110.
  • a point located at half the height from the bottom with respect to the total height of the agricultural product 14 is selected as the point A, and the apex of the agricultural product 14 is selected as the point B.
  • the irradiation time of the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 is set to 0 milliseconds (msec). ) To 15 milliseconds (msec), and the illuminance at points A and B in each millisecond was measured.
  • This measurement was performed by changing the amount of light emitted from the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, and 124 with respect to the amount of light emitted from the upper illumination unit 110 (Experiment 1-7). .
  • FIG. 4 shows the operation of the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 when the light amount from the upper illumination unit 110 is set to 100 and each light amount from the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 is set to 40. 16 images obtained by imaging the agricultural product 14 from above in each millisecond of 0-15 milliseconds as time.
  • the illuminance at points A and B in each millisecond of 0-15 milliseconds is as shown in Table 1.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph of the numerical values shown in Table 1.
  • the illuminance at point A and the illuminance at point B are equal when the irradiation time is 5.57 milliseconds.
  • control device 130 controls the operation of the side lighting units 121, 122, 123, and 124 so that the light irradiation time by the side lighting units 121, 122, 123, and 124 becomes 5.57 milliseconds.
  • the control device 130 controls the operation of the side lighting units 121, 122, 123, and 124 so that the light irradiation time by the side lighting units 121, 122, 123, and 124 becomes 5.57 milliseconds.
  • the illuminance at the point A falls within the range of ⁇ 10% of the illuminance at the point B when the light irradiation time by the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 is in the range of 3.5 to 8.6 milliseconds. is there.
  • the upper side illumination units 121, 122, 123, and 124 are set.
  • the light irradiation time in the range of 3.5 to 8.6 milliseconds, especially equal to 5.57 milliseconds, the central part of the produce 14 (around the point B) and the outline (of the point A) It is possible to obtain an image in which the surrounding area is captured sufficiently clearly.
  • FIG. 6 shows the operation of the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 when the light amount from the upper illumination unit 110 is set to 100 and each light amount from the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 is set to 50.
  • Table 3 shows the illuminance at point A and point B in each millisecond of 0-15 milliseconds.
  • FIG. 7 is a graph of the numerical values shown in Table 3.
  • the illuminance at point A and the illuminance at point B are equal when the irradiation time is 5.59 milliseconds.
  • control device 130 controls the operation of the side lighting units 121, 122, 123, and 124 so that the light irradiation time by the side lighting units 121, 122, 123, and 124 becomes 5.59 milliseconds.
  • the control device 130 controls the operation of the side lighting units 121, 122, 123, and 124 so that the light irradiation time by the side lighting units 121, 122, 123, and 124 becomes 5.59 milliseconds.
  • the illuminance at the point A is within ⁇ 10% of the illuminance at the point B because the light irradiation time by the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 is 3.6 to 7.9 milliseconds. It is a range.
  • the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, and 124 are set.
  • the irradiation time of light in the range of 3.6 to 7.9 milliseconds, especially equal to 5.59 milliseconds, the central part of the produce 14 (around point B) and the outline (of point A) It is possible to obtain an image in which the surrounding area is captured sufficiently clearly.
  • FIG. 8 shows the operation of the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 when the light amount from the upper illumination unit 110 is set to 100 and each light amount from the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 is set to 60. 16 images obtained by imaging the agricultural product 14 from above in each millisecond of 0-15 milliseconds as time.
  • the illuminance at points A and B in each millisecond of 0-15 milliseconds is as shown in Table 5.
  • FIG. 9 is a graph of the numerical values shown in Table 5.
  • control device 130 controls the operation of the side lighting units 121, 122, 123, and 124 so that the light irradiation time by the side lighting units 121, 122, 123, and 124 becomes 5.20 milliseconds.
  • the control device 130 controls the operation of the side lighting units 121, 122, 123, and 124 so that the light irradiation time by the side lighting units 121, 122, 123, and 124 becomes 5.20 milliseconds.
  • the illuminance at point A falls within the range of ⁇ 10% of the illuminance at point B because the light irradiation time by the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 is 3.2 to 7.3 milliseconds. It is a range.
  • the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, and 124 are set.
  • the irradiation time of light in the range of 3.2 to 7.3 milliseconds, especially equal to 5.20 milliseconds, the central part of the agricultural product 14 (around point B) and the outline (of point A) It is possible to obtain an image in which the surrounding area is captured sufficiently clearly.
  • FIG. 10 shows the operation of the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 when the light amount from the upper illumination unit 110 is set to 100 and each light amount from the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 is set to 70.
  • the illuminance at points A and B in each millisecond of 0-15 milliseconds is as shown in Table 7.
  • FIG. 11 is a graph of the numerical values shown in Table 7.
  • the illuminance at point A and the illuminance at point B are equal when the irradiation time is 4.65 milliseconds.
  • control device 130 controls the operation of the side lighting units 121, 122, 123, and 124 so that the light irradiation time by the side lighting units 121, 122, 123, and 124 becomes 4.65 milliseconds.
  • the control device 130 controls the operation of the side lighting units 121, 122, 123, and 124 so that the light irradiation time by the side lighting units 121, 122, 123, and 124 becomes 4.65 milliseconds.
  • the illuminance at the point A is within ⁇ 10% of the illuminance at the point B because the light irradiation time by the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 is 2.8 to 6.4 milliseconds. It is a range.
  • the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, and 124 are set.
  • the light irradiation time in the range of 2.8 to 6.4 milliseconds, especially equal to 4.65 milliseconds, the central part of the produce 14 (around the point B) and the outline (of the point A) It is possible to obtain an image in which the surrounding area is captured sufficiently clearly.
  • FIG. 12 shows the operation of the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 when the light amount from the upper illumination unit 110 is set to 100 and each light amount from the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 is set to 80.
  • the illuminance at points A and B in each millisecond of 0-15 milliseconds is as shown in Table 9.
  • FIG. 13 is a graph of the numerical values shown in Table 9.
  • the illuminance at point A and the illuminance at point B are equal when the irradiation time is 4.56 milliseconds.
  • control device 130 controls the operation of the side lighting units 121, 122, 123, and 124 so that the light irradiation time by the side lighting units 121, 122, 123, and 124 becomes 4.56 milliseconds.
  • the control device 130 controls the operation of the side lighting units 121, 122, 123, and 124 so that the light irradiation time by the side lighting units 121, 122, 123, and 124 becomes 4.56 milliseconds.
  • the illuminance at the point A is within ⁇ 10% of the illuminance at the point B because the light irradiation time by the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 is 3.1 to 6.1 milliseconds. It is a range.
  • the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, and 124 are set.
  • the irradiation time of light in the range of 3.1 to 6.1 milliseconds, especially equal to 4.56 milliseconds, the central part of the produce 14 (around the point B) and the outline (of the point A) It is possible to obtain an image in which the surrounding area is captured sufficiently clearly.
  • FIG. 14 shows the operation of the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 when the light amount from the upper illumination unit 110 is set to 100 and each light amount from the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 is set to 90.
  • Table 10 shows the illuminance at points A and B for each millisecond of 0-15 milliseconds.
  • FIG. 15 is a graph of the numerical values shown in Table 11.
  • the illuminance at point A and the illuminance at point B are equal when the irradiation time is 4.32 milliseconds.
  • control device 130 controls the operation of the side lighting units 121, 122, 123, and 124 so that the light irradiation time by the side lighting units 121, 122, 123, and 124 becomes 4.32 milliseconds.
  • the control device 130 controls the operation of the side lighting units 121, 122, 123, and 124 so that the light irradiation time by the side lighting units 121, 122, 123, and 124 becomes 4.32 milliseconds.
  • the illuminance at the point A falls within the range of ⁇ 10% of the illuminance at the point B because the light irradiation time by the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 is 2.7 to 6.2 milliseconds. It is a range.
  • the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, and 124 are set.
  • the light irradiation time in the range of 2.7 to 6.2 milliseconds, especially equal to 4.32 milliseconds, the central part of the produce 14 (around the point B) and the outline (of the point A) It is possible to obtain an image in which the surrounding area is captured sufficiently clearly.
  • FIG. 16 shows the operation of the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 when the light amount from the upper illumination unit 110 is set to 100 and each light amount from the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 is set to 100. 16 images obtained by imaging the agricultural product 14 from above in each millisecond of 0-15 milliseconds as time.
  • the illuminance at points A and B in each millisecond of 0-15 milliseconds is as shown in Table 13.
  • FIG. 17 is a graph of the numerical values shown in Table 13.
  • the illuminance at point A and the illuminance at point B are equal when the irradiation time is 4.56 milliseconds.
  • control device 130 controls the operation of the side lighting units 121, 122, 123, and 124 so that the light irradiation time by the side lighting units 121, 122, 123, and 124 becomes 4.56 milliseconds.
  • the control device 130 controls the operation of the side lighting units 121, 122, 123, and 124 so that the light irradiation time by the side lighting units 121, 122, 123, and 124 becomes 4.56 milliseconds.
  • the illuminance at point A falls within the range of ⁇ 10% of the illuminance at point B because the light irradiation time by the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 is 2.8 to 6.2 milliseconds. It is a range.
  • the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, and 124 are set.
  • the irradiation time of light in the range of 2.8 to 6.2 milliseconds, in particular equal to 4.56 milliseconds, the central part of the produce 14 (around the point B) and the outline (of the point A) It is possible to obtain an image in which the surrounding area is captured sufficiently clearly.
  • Table 15 shows the lateral direction when the light amount from the upper illumination unit 110 is set to 100 and the light amounts from the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, and 124 are respectively set to 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100. It is a table
  • surface which shows the optimal irradiation time of the illumination units 121, 122, 123, and 124, and the irradiation time within the range of +/- 10%.
  • the range common to 10% of each optimum irradiation time is 3.6-6.1 milliseconds. Accordingly, when the light quantity from the upper illumination unit 110 is set to 100 and the respective light quantities from the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 are set within the range of 40-100, the side illumination units 121, 122, 123 are set. Regardless of the light intensity setting value of 124, if the light irradiation time by the side lighting units 121, 122, 123, 124 is set in the range of 3.6 to 6.1 milliseconds, It is possible to obtain an image in which the periphery of the point B) and the outline (the periphery of the point A) are captured sufficiently clearly.
  • the illuminating device 100 which concerns on this embodiment is not limited to said structure, A various change is possible.
  • the illuminating device 100 includes a control device 130 that controls the light amount of the upper illumination unit 110 and the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, and 124, and the inspection device 10A is an electronic device for each CCD camera 18.
  • the control device 22 that controls the operation of the shutter is provided, for example, the control device 130 can also be configured to control the operation of the electronic shutter of each CCD camera 18. In this case, the control device 22 can be configured. Is no longer necessary.
  • the lighting device 100 is configured to include four side lighting units 121, 122, 123, and 124, but the number of side lighting units is not limited to four. As the number of side illumination units, any number of 4 or more can be selected. However, the preferred number of side illumination units is four. In addition, each of the side illumination units is preferably arranged at an equal circumferential angle with the upper illumination unit 110 as the center.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic view of an illumination device 200 according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • each of the four side illumination units 121, 122, 123, and 124 is spaced apart from each other by 90 degrees so as to image the agricultural product 14 from the CCD camera.
  • 18 is disposed in a horizontal plane adjacent to the surface 18.
  • the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 are adjacent to the CCD camera 18, the axis line through which the light emitted by the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 passes and the CCD camera 18 receive light. It cannot be parallel to the axis through which the transmitted light passes, and is in a positional relationship slightly inclined with respect to each other. For this reason, the light emitted from the side lighting units 121, 122, 123, and 124 and reflected by the agricultural product 14 is received by the CCD camera 18 with an inclination angle. That is, the CCD camera 18 cannot pick up the agricultural product 14 from the front side, and it is inevitable to pick up the agricultural product 14 from a slight angle.
  • the lighting device 200 solves such a problem and enables the CCD camera 18 to image the agricultural product 14 from the front side.
  • the lighting device 200 includes an upper illumination unit 210 that irradiates the agricultural product 14 with light from above the agricultural product 14, and four units that irradiate the agricultural product 14 with light from the side of the agricultural product 14.
  • the side illumination units 221, 222, 223, 224, and the amount of light emitted from the upper illumination unit 210 to the produce 14 and the amount of light emitted from the side illumination units 221, 222, 223, 224 to the produce 14 are controlled.
  • the control device 130 includes four reflecting mirrors 231, 232, 233, and 234.
  • the illumination device 200 according to the present embodiment is different in that the structures of the upper illumination unit 210 and the side illumination units 221, 222, 223, and 224 are different, and additionally includes reflectors 231, 232, 233 and 234 Except for this, it has the same configuration as that of the illumination device 100 according to the first embodiment.
  • the lighting device 200 according to this embodiment forms part of an inspection device 10A that inspects the external quality of the agricultural product 14.
  • the upper illumination unit 210 in the illumination device 200 includes a lens 211 as a light receiving device and an illumination fixture 212.
  • the lens 211 has a circular cross section and is optically connected to the CCD camera 18.
  • the lighting fixture 212 has a ring shape.
  • the inner diameter of the ring-shaped lighting fixture 212 is equal to the outer diameter of the lens 211, and the lighting fixture 212 is disposed around the lens 211 so as to be concentric with the lens 211.
  • the lighting fixture 212 can be composed of, for example, an LED strobe.
  • Each of the side illumination units 221, 222, 223, 224 has the same configuration as the upper illumination unit 210.
  • the side illumination units 221, 222, 223, 224 are arranged at the same height as the upper illumination unit 210, and the side illumination units 221, 222, 223 are arranged.
  • 224 is configured to irradiate the agricultural product 14 with light through the reflecting mirrors 231, 232, 233, and 234 arranged corresponding to each of the 224.
  • light emitted from the lighting fixtures 212 of the upper lighting unit 210 and the side lighting units 221, 222, 223, and 224 is directly or the reflecting mirrors 231, 232, and 233.
  • the agricultural product 14 is irradiated via 234.
  • the light emitted from the upper illumination unit 210 and reflected by the agricultural product 14 is directly received by the lens 211 of the upper illumination unit 210 and sent to the CCD camera 18. Further, the light emitted from the side lighting units 221, 222, 223, and 224 and reflected by the agricultural product 14 is reflected on the lenses of the side lighting units 221, 222, 223, and 224 via the reflecting mirrors 231, 232, 233, and 234. The light is received by 211 and sent to each CCD camera 18.
  • the light emitted from each lighting fixture 212 of the upper illuminating unit 210 and the side illuminating units 221, 222, 223, 224 passes by until it reaches the agricultural product 14. Since the optical path to be reflected and the optical path where the light reaching the agricultural product 14 is reflected and returned to the respective lenses 211 coincide with each other or become parallel, the upper illumination unit 210 and the side illumination units 221, 222, 223, 224 are integrated.
  • Each of the CCD cameras 18 arranged on the front side can take an image of the produce 14 from the front, that is, without an inclination angle.
  • the illuminating device 200 which concerns on this embodiment is not limited to said structure, A various change is possible.
  • the inner diameter of the lighting fixture 212 is set equal to the outer diameter of the lens 211, but as long as the lighting fixture 212 is arranged so as to be concentric with the lens 211. In this case, it is possible to set the inner diameter of the lighting fixture 212 to be larger than the outer diameter of the lens 211.
  • FIG. 19 is a timing chart showing an example of operation control of the side illumination units 221, 222, 223, and 224.
  • the upper lighting unit 210 is always operated, whereas one of the four side lighting units 221, 222, 223, and 224 is not operated, and the remaining three are operated.
  • the side lighting unit 224 is not operated, and only the side lighting units 221, 222, and 223 are operated.
  • the side lighting unit 223 is not operated, and only the side lighting units 221, 222, and 224 are operated.
  • the side lighting unit 222 is not operated, and only the side lighting units 221, 223, and 224 are operated.
  • the side lighting unit 221 is not operated, and only the side lighting units 222, 223, and 224 are operated. By repeating such a cycle, when the agricultural product 14 is imaged, any three of the four side lighting units 221, 222, 223, and 224 are operated.
  • Illumination device 110 according to the first embodiment of the present invention Upper illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 Side illumination unit 130 Control device 131 Central processing unit 132 First memory 133 Second memory 134 Input interface 135 Output Interface 136 Bus 10A Agricultural product external quality inspection device 12 Conveyor 14 Agricultural product 16 Photoelectric sensor 18 CCD camera 22 Control device 200 Lighting device 210 according to the second embodiment of the present invention 211 Lens 212 Lighting fixtures 221, 222, 223 224 Side illumination unit 231, 232, 233, 234 Reflector

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Abstract

This illumination device (100) is used in an external quality inspection apparatus for agricultural produce, the apparatus emitting light onto each item of agricultural produce (14) transported in one direction, and inspecting the external quality of the agricultural produce on the basis of light reflected from the agricultural produce. This illumination device (100) comprises an upper illumination unit (110) for emitting light onto the agricultural produce from above the agricultural produce (14), four lateral illumination units (121-124) for emitting light onto the agricultural produce from the side of the agricultural produce, and a control device for controlling the amount of light emitted from the upper illumination unit and the lateral illumination units. The control device (130) controls the emission time of the lateral illumination units (121-124) such that the illuminance at a first point falls within a range ±10% of the illuminance at a second point. At the first point, light emitted from the lateral illumination units (121-124) has a maximum effect on the agricultural produce (14). At the second point, light emitted from the upper illumination unit (110) has a maximum effect on the agricultural produce (14).

Description

農産物の外部品質検査装置用の照明装置及び照明方法Illumination apparatus and illumination method for external quality inspection apparatus for agricultural products
　本発明は、果実その他の農産物の外部品質を検査する装置に使用される、農産物に光を照射する照明装置及び照明方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a lighting device and a lighting method for irradiating agricultural products with light, which are used in a device for inspecting the external quality of fruits and other agricultural products.
　農産物の外部品質を検査する装置の一例として、特開２００３－１４６５０号公報に記載されたものがある。 An example of an apparatus for inspecting the external quality of agricultural products is described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-14650.
　図２０は同公報に記載された検査装置の概略図である。 FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of the inspection apparatus described in the publication.
　図２０に記載された検査装置１０は、被検査体である農産物（例えば、グレープフルーツやミカン）１４を連続的に搬送するコンベア１２と、農産物１４が通過する毎に農産物１４を検出し、検出信号を発する光電センサ１６と、農産物１４を５つの方向から撮像する５台のＣＣＤカメラ１８と、各ＣＣＤカメラ１８に隣接して配置され、コンベア１２上を通過する農産物１４に光を照射する光照射手段２０と、光電センサ１６からの検出信号に応じて、各ＣＣＤカメラ１８の電子シャッターを作動させる制御装置２２と、から構成されている。 The inspection apparatus 10 described in FIG. 20 detects the agricultural product 14 every time the agricultural product 14 passes by the conveyor 12 that continuously conveys the agricultural product 14 (for example, grapefruit or mandarin orange) that is the inspection object, and detects the detection signal. Photosensor 16 that emits light, five CCD cameras 18 that image agricultural products 14 from five directions, and light irradiation that irradiates the agricultural products 14 that are disposed adjacent to each CCD camera 18 and pass over the conveyor 12. It comprises means 20 and a control device 22 for operating the electronic shutter of each CCD camera 18 in accordance with the detection signal from the photoelectric sensor 16.
　５台のＣＣＤカメラ１８のうちの１つは、搬送されてくる農産物１４を上方から撮像するように配置されており、他の４つは、搬送されてくる農産物１４を側方から撮像するように相互に９０度の間隔をあけて一水平面内に配置されている。 One of the five CCD cameras 18 is arranged to image the conveyed agricultural product 14 from above, and the other four are configured to image the conveyed agricultural product 14 from the side. They are arranged in one horizontal plane with a 90 degree interval therebetween.
　検査装置１０は、以下のように作動する。 The inspection device 10 operates as follows.
　農産物１４はコンベア１２上に一定の間隔で置かれ、連続的に搬送される。 Agricultural products 14 are placed on the conveyor 12 at regular intervals and continuously conveyed.
　光電センサ１６は、農産物１４が通過するたびに検出信号を制御装置２２に送信する。 The photoelectric sensor 16 transmits a detection signal to the control device 22 every time the agricultural product 14 passes.
　制御装置２２は、検出信号を受信してから一定時間経過後に、すなわち、撮像対象の農産物１４が光電センサ１６から各ＣＣＤカメラ１８の撮像地点に到達したときに、各ＣＣＤカメラ１８の電子シャッターを作動させ、農産物１４の画像を撮像する。 The control device 22 presses the electronic shutter of each CCD camera 18 after a certain time has elapsed since receiving the detection signal, that is, when the agricultural product 14 to be imaged reaches the imaging point of each CCD camera 18 from the photoelectric sensor 16. Activate and take an image of the produce 14.
　次いで、制御装置２２は、このようにして得られた農産物１４の静止画像の画像処理を行い、処理結果に応じて、各農産物１４の外部品質を判定する。 Next, the control device 22 performs image processing of the still image of the agricultural product 14 obtained in this way, and determines the external quality of each agricultural product 14 according to the processing result.
特開２００３－１４６５０号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-14650
　農産物１４を撮像する場合、農産物１４は球形の形をしていることが多いため、農産物１４の上方のみから光を照射すると、農産物１４の外郭が暗くなり、農産物１４の画像における外郭が不鮮明になる。このような問題を解消するため、検査装置１０は、上方のみならず、側方からも農産物１４に光を照射するように構成されている。 When the agricultural product 14 is imaged, the agricultural product 14 often has a spherical shape. Therefore, when the light is irradiated only from above the agricultural product 14, the outline of the agricultural product 14 becomes dark, and the outline of the agricultural product 14 in the image is unclear. Become. In order to solve such a problem, the inspection apparatus 10 is configured to irradiate the agricultural product 14 with light not only from above but also from the side.
　しかしながら、上方から農産物１４に照射される光量が側方から農産物１４に照射される光量よりも多い場合、あるいは、その逆に、側方から農産物１４に照射される光量が上方から農産物１４に照射される光量よりも多い場合には、農産物１４の中央部分と外郭部分との間に照度差が生じるため、農産物１４の画像が必ずしも鮮明になるとは限らない。 However, when the amount of light applied to the agricultural product 14 from above is larger than the amount of light applied to the agricultural product 14 from the side, or conversely, the amount of light applied to the agricultural product 14 from the side is applied to the agricultural product 14 from above. When the amount of light is larger than the amount of light to be generated, an illuminance difference is generated between the central portion and the outer portion of the agricultural product 14, so that the image of the agricultural product 14 is not always clear.
　このように、農産物１４の上方及び側方から光を照射する場合であっても、上方から農産物１４に照射される光量と側方から農産物１４に照射される光量との間の調節を行わないと、農産物１４の鮮明な画像を得ることができない。 Thus, even if it is a case where light is irradiated from the upper part and the side of the agricultural product 14, adjustment between the light quantity irradiated to the agricultural product 14 from the upper part and the light quantity irradiated to the agricultural product 14 from the side is not performed. A clear image of the agricultural product 14 cannot be obtained.
　本発明はこのような従来の検査装置１０における問題点に鑑みてなされたものであり、農産物１４の上方及び側方から光を照射して農産物１４を撮像する場合に、上方から農産物１４に照射される光量と側方から農産物１４に照射される光量とを制御し、農産物１４の鮮明な画像を得ることを可能にする照明装置及び照明方法を提供する。 The present invention has been made in view of such problems in the conventional inspection apparatus 10, and when the agricultural product 14 is imaged by irradiating light from above and from the side of the agricultural product 14, the agricultural product 14 is irradiated from above. Provided are an illuminating device and an illuminating method capable of controlling the amount of light emitted and the amount of light emitted to the agricultural product 14 from the side to obtain a clear image of the agricultural product 14.
　上記の目的を達成するため、本発明は、一方向に搬送される農産物の各々に光を照射し、前記農産物からの反射光に基づいて前記農産物の外部品質を検査する農産物の外部品質検査装置において使用される、前記農産物に光を照射する照明装置であって、前記農産物の上方から前記農産物に光を照射する上方照明ユニットと、前記農産物の側方から前記農産物に光を照射する少なくとも４個の側方照明ユニットと、前記上方照明ユニットから照射される光量と前記側方照明ユニットから照射される光量とを制御する制御装置と、からなり、前記制御装置は、前記農産物が前記側方照明ユニットから照射される光の影響を最も強く受ける第一の点における照度が、前記農産物が前記上方照明ユニットから照射される光の影響を最も強く受ける第二の点における照度の±１０％の範囲内に入るように、前記側方照明ユニットの照射時間を制御するものである照明装置を提供する。 In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an external quality inspection device for agricultural products that irradiates each of agricultural products conveyed in one direction and inspects the external quality of the agricultural products based on reflected light from the agricultural products. The illumination device for irradiating light to the agricultural product used in the above, an upper illumination unit for irradiating the agricultural product with light from above the agricultural product, and at least 4 for irradiating the agricultural product with light from the side of the agricultural product Each of the side lighting units, and a control device that controls the amount of light emitted from the upper lighting unit and the amount of light emitted from the side lighting unit. The illuminance at the first point that is most affected by the light emitted from the lighting unit is most affected by the light emitted from the upper lighting unit. To fall within a range of ± 10% of the illuminance at second point, to provide a lighting device controls the irradiation time of said lateral lighting unit.
　前記制御装置は、前記第一の点における照度と前記第二の点における照度とが等しくなるように、前記側方照明ユニットの照射時間を制御するものであることが好ましい。 It is preferable that the control device controls the irradiation time of the side illumination unit so that the illuminance at the first point is equal to the illuminance at the second point.
　本発明に係る照明装置においては、前記制御装置は、前記側方照明ユニットのうち、作動させる側方照明ユニットの数を制御することにより、前記側方照明ユニットから照射される光量の総量を制御することが好ましい。 In the lighting device according to the present invention, the control device controls the total amount of light emitted from the side lighting unit by controlling the number of side lighting units to be operated among the side lighting units. It is preferable to do.
　本発明に係る照明装置においては、前記上方照明ユニット及び前記側方照明ユニットの少なくとも何れか一方は、前記農産物から反射した光を受光する円形の受光装置と、リング状の照明器具と、を備えており、前記照明器具は前記受光装置の周りに前記受光装置と同心に配置されていることが好ましい。 In the lighting device according to the present invention, at least one of the upper lighting unit and the side lighting unit includes a circular light receiving device that receives light reflected from the agricultural product, and a ring-shaped lighting device. Preferably, the lighting fixture is arranged around the light receiving device and concentrically with the light receiving device.
　例えば、前記受光装置の外径と前記照明器具の内径とは等しく設定することができる。 For example, the outer diameter of the light receiving device and the inner diameter of the lighting fixture can be set equal.
　本発明に係る照明装置においては、前記制御装置は、前記側方照明ユニットの照射時間が３．６乃至６．１ミリ秒の範囲内になるように、前記側方照明ユニットを制御することが好ましい。 In the lighting device according to the present invention, the control device may control the side lighting unit such that an irradiation time of the side lighting unit is in a range of 3.6 to 6.1 milliseconds. preferable.
　本発明は、さらに、一方向に搬送される農産物の各々に光を照射し、前記農産物からの反射光に基づいて前記農産物の外部品質を検査する方法における前記農産物に光を照射する照明方法であって、前記農産物の上方から前記農産物に光を照射する第一の過程と、前記農産物の少なくとも４つの側方から前記農産物に光を照射する第二の過程と、を備え、前記第二の過程において、前記農産物が側方から照射される光の影響を最も強く受ける第一の点における照度が、前記農産物が上方から照射される光の影響を最も強く受ける第二の点における照度の±１０％の範囲内に入るように、前記農産物の側方から前記農産物に光を照射する時間が制御されるものである照明方法を提供する。 The present invention further relates to an illumination method for irradiating light to each of the agricultural products conveyed in one direction and irradiating the agricultural products with light in a method of inspecting the external quality of the agricultural products based on reflected light from the agricultural products. A first step of irradiating the agricultural product with light from above the agricultural product, and a second step of irradiating the agricultural product with light from at least four sides of the agricultural product. In the process, the illuminance at the first point where the produce is most strongly affected by light irradiated from the side is the illuminance at the second point where the produce is most strongly affected by light irradiated from above. Provided is a lighting method in which the time for irradiating light from the side of the agricultural product to the agricultural product is controlled so as to fall within a range of 10%.
　本発明に係る照明方法においては、前記第二の過程において、前記第一の点における照度と前記第二の点における照度とが等しくなるように、前記農産物の側方から前記農産物に光を照射する時間が制御されることが好ましい。 In the lighting method according to the present invention, in the second step, the agricultural product is irradiated with light from the side of the agricultural product so that the illuminance at the first point is equal to the illuminance at the second point. It is preferable that the time to perform is controlled.
　本発明に係る照明方法においては、前記第二の過程において、前記農産物の側方から前記農産物に光が照射される時間は３．６乃至６．１ミリ秒の範囲内であることが好ましい。 In the lighting method according to the present invention, in the second process, it is preferable that the time during which the agricultural product is irradiated with light from the side of the agricultural product is in the range of 3.6 to 6.1 milliseconds.
　本発明は、さらに、被検査体である農産物を連続的に搬送する搬送手段と、前記農産物が通過する毎に前記農産物を検出し、検出信号を発する検出装置と、前記農産物を上方及び側方から撮像する撮像手段と、上記の照明装置と、前記検出信号に応じて、前記撮像手段を作動させる制御手段と、からなる農産物の外部品質検査装置を提供する。 The present invention further includes a transport means for continuously transporting the agricultural product to be inspected, a detection device for detecting the agricultural product each time the agricultural product passes, and generating a detection signal, and the agricultural product upward and laterally. An external quality inspection device for agricultural products comprising: an imaging unit that captures an image; a lighting unit as described above; and a control unit that operates the imaging unit in response to the detection signal.
　本発明に係る農産物の外部品質検査装置においては、前記上方照明ユニット及び前記側方照明ユニットの少なくとも何れか一方は、前記農産物から反射した光を受光する円形の受光装置と、リング状の照明器具と、を備えており、前記照明器具は前記受光装置の周りに前記受光装置と同心に配置されていることが好ましい。 In the agricultural product external quality inspection device according to the present invention, at least one of the upper illumination unit and the side illumination unit includes a circular light receiving device that receives light reflected from the agricultural product, and a ring-shaped lighting fixture. It is preferable that the lighting fixture is arranged around the light receiving device and concentrically with the light receiving device.
　本発明に係る照明方法においては、前記受光装置の外径と前記照明器具の内径は等しく設定されていることが好ましい。 In the illumination method according to the present invention, it is preferable that the outer diameter of the light receiving device and the inner diameter of the lighting fixture are set equal.
　本発明に係る照明方法においては、前記制御装置は、前記側方照明ユニットの照射時間が３．６乃至６．１ミリ秒の範囲内になるように、前記側方照明ユニットを制御することが好ましい。 In the illumination method according to the present invention, the control device may control the side illumination unit such that an irradiation time of the side illumination unit is in a range of 3.6 to 6.1 milliseconds. preferable.
　本発明は、さらに、一方向に搬送される農産物の各々に光を照射し、前記農産物からの反射光に基づいて前記農産物の外部品質を検査する方法における前記農産物に光を照射する照明方法をコンピュータに実行させるためのプログラムであって、前記農産物の上方から前記農産物に光を照射する第一の処理と、前記農産物の少なくとも４つの側方から前記農産物に光を照射する第二の処理と、を備え、前記第二の処理において、前記農産物が側方から照射される光の影響を最も強く受ける第一の点における照度が、前記農産物が上方から照射される光の影響を最も強く受ける第二の点における照度の±１０％の範囲内に入るように、前記農産物の側方から前記農産物に光を照射する時間が制御されるものであるプログラムを提供する。 The present invention further provides an illumination method for irradiating light to each agricultural product conveyed in one direction and irradiating the agricultural product with light in a method of inspecting external quality of the agricultural product based on reflected light from the agricultural product. A program for causing a computer to execute, a first process for irradiating light on the agricultural product from above the agricultural product, and a second process for irradiating the agricultural product with light from at least four sides of the agricultural product; In the second treatment, the illuminance at the first point where the produce is most strongly affected by the light irradiated from the side is strongly influenced by the light emitted from above. A program is provided in which the time for irradiating light to the agricultural product from the side of the agricultural product is controlled so as to fall within a range of ± 10% of the illuminance at the second point.
　本発明に係るプログラムにおいては、前記第二の処理において、前記第一の点における照度と前記第二の点における照度とが等しくなるように、前記農産物の側方から前記農産物に光を照射する時間が制御されることが好ましい。 In the program according to the present invention, in the second processing, the agricultural product is irradiated with light from the side of the agricultural product so that the illuminance at the first point is equal to the illuminance at the second point. It is preferred that the time be controlled.
　本発明に係るプログラムにおいては、前記第二の処理において、前記農産物の側方から前記農産物に光が照射される時間は３．６乃至６．１ミリ秒の範囲内であることが好ましい。 In the program according to the present invention, it is preferable that in the second process, the time during which the agricultural product is irradiated with light from the side of the agricultural product is in the range of 3.6 to 6.1 milliseconds.
　本発明に係る照明装置においては、制御装置は、農産物が側方照明ユニットから照射される光の影響を最も強く受ける第一の点における照度が、農産物が上方照明ユニットから照射される光の影響を最も強く受ける第二の点における照度の±１０％の範囲内に入るように、側方照明ユニットの照射時間を制御する。すなわち、制御装置は、側方照明ユニットによる光の照射時間が最適照射時間になるように、側方照明ユニットの作動を制御する。これにより、農産物の中央部（第二の点の周辺）及び外郭（第一の点の周辺）が最適に鮮明に撮像された画像を得ることができる。 In the illumination device according to the present invention, the control device is configured such that the illuminance at the first point at which the produce is most strongly affected by the light emitted from the side illumination unit is affected by the light from which the produce is emitted from the upper illumination unit. The irradiation time of the side illumination unit is controlled so as to fall within a range of ± 10% of the illuminance at the second point that receives the strongest. That is, the control device controls the operation of the side lighting unit so that the light irradiation time by the side lighting unit becomes the optimum irradiation time. As a result, it is possible to obtain an image in which the central portion (the periphery of the second point) and the outline (the periphery of the first point) of the agricultural product are optimally and clearly imaged.
本発明の第一の実施形態に係る照明装置の概略図である。It is the schematic of the illuminating device which concerns on 1st embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第一の実施形態に係る照明装置の一構成要素である制御装置のブロック図である。It is a block diagram of the control apparatus which is one component of the illuminating device which concerns on 1st embodiment of this invention. 農産物を上方から撮像した画像であり、Ａ点及びＢ点を示す。It is the image which imaged agricultural products from the upper part, and shows A point and B point. 上方照明ユニットからの光量を１００、側方照明ユニットからの各光量を４０に設定した場合に、側方照明ユニットの作動時間である０－１５ミリ秒の各ミリ秒において農産物を上方から撮像した１６個の画像である。When the light quantity from the upper illumination unit was set to 100 and each light quantity from the side illumination unit was set to 40, the agricultural products were imaged from above in each millisecond of 0-15 milliseconds, which is the operation time of the side illumination unit. There are 16 images. 表１に示した数値をグラフ化したものである。The numerical values shown in Table 1 are graphed. 上方照明ユニットからの光量を１００、側方照明ユニットからの各光量を５０に設定した場合に、側方照明ユニットの作動時間である０－１５ミリ秒の各ミリ秒において農産物を上方から撮像した１６個の画像である。When the light quantity from the upper illumination unit is set to 100 and each light quantity from the side illumination unit is set to 50, the agricultural products are imaged from above in each millisecond of 0-15 milliseconds, which is the operation time of the side illumination unit. There are 16 images. 表３に示した数値をグラフ化したものである。The numerical values shown in Table 3 are graphed. 上方照明ユニットからの光量を１００、側方照明ユニットからの各光量を６０に設定した場合に、側方照明ユニットの作動時間である０－１５ミリ秒の各ミリ秒において農産物を上方から撮像した１６個の画像である。When the amount of light from the upper illumination unit is set to 100 and each amount of light from the side illumination unit is set to 60, the agricultural products are imaged from above in each millisecond of 0-15 milliseconds, which is the operation time of the side illumination unit. There are 16 images. 表５に示した数値をグラフ化したものである。The numerical values shown in Table 5 are graphed. 上方照明ユニットからの光量を１００、側方照明ユニットからの各光量を７０に設定した場合に、側方照明ユニットの作動時間である０－１５ミリ秒の各ミリ秒において農産物を上方から撮像した１６個の画像である。When the amount of light from the upper illumination unit is set to 100 and each amount of light from the side illumination unit is set to 70, the agricultural products are imaged from above in each millisecond of 0-15 milliseconds which is the operation time of the side illumination unit. There are 16 images. 表７に示した数値をグラフ化したものである。The numerical values shown in Table 7 are graphed. 上方照明ユニットからの光量を１００、側方照明ユニットからの各光量を８０に設定した場合に、側方照明ユニットの作動時間である０－１５ミリ秒の各ミリ秒において農産物を上方から撮像した１６個の画像である。When the amount of light from the upper illumination unit is set to 100 and each amount of light from the side illumination unit is set to 80, the agricultural products are imaged from above in each millisecond of 0-15 milliseconds, which is the operation time of the side illumination unit. There are 16 images. 表９に示した数値をグラフ化したものである。The numerical values shown in Table 9 are graphed. 上方照明ユニットからの光量を１００、側方照明ユニットからの各光量を９０に設定した場合に、側方照明ユニットの作動時間である０－１５ミリ秒の各ミリ秒において農産物を上方から撮像した１６個の画像である。When the light quantity from the upper illumination unit is set to 100 and each light quantity from the side illumination unit is set to 90, the agricultural products are imaged from above in each millisecond of 0-15 milliseconds, which is the operation time of the side illumination unit. There are 16 images. 表１１に示した数値をグラフ化したものである。The numerical values shown in Table 11 are graphed. 上方照明ユニットからの光量を１００、側方照明ユニットからの各光量を１００に設定した場合に、側方照明ユニットの作動時間である０－１５ミリ秒の各ミリ秒において農産物を上方から撮像した１６個の画像である。When the light quantity from the upper illumination unit is set to 100 and each light quantity from the side illumination unit is set to 100, the agricultural products are imaged from above in each millisecond of 0-15 milliseconds, which is the operation time of the side illumination unit. There are 16 images. 表１３に示した数値をグラフ化したものである。The numerical values shown in Table 13 are graphed. 本発明の第二の実施形態に係る照明装置の概略図である。It is the schematic of the illuminating device which concerns on 2nd embodiment of this invention. 側方照明ユニットの作動制御の一例を示すタイミングチャートである。It is a timing chart which shows an example of the operation control of a side illumination unit. 農産物の外部品質を検査する従来の検査装置の概略図である。It is the schematic of the conventional test | inspection apparatus which test | inspects the external quality of agricultural products.
　（第一の実施形態）
　図１は本発明の第一の実施形態に係る照明装置１００の概略図である。 (First embodiment)
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an illumination device 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
　図１に示すように、農産物１４はベルトコンベア１２上を一方向に連続的に搬送されている。 As shown in FIG. 1, the agricultural products 14 are continuously conveyed on the belt conveyor 12 in one direction.
　本実施形態に係る照明装置１００は、農産物１４の上方から農産物１４に光を照射する上方照明ユニット１１０と、農産物１４の側方から農産物１４に光を照射する４個の側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４と、上方照明ユニット１１０から農産物１４に照射される光量と側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４から農産物１４に照射される光量とを制御する制御装置１３０と、から構成されている。 The lighting device 100 according to the present embodiment includes an upper illumination unit 110 that irradiates the agricultural product 14 with light from above the agricultural product 14, and four lateral illumination units 121 that irradiate the agricultural product 14 with light from the side of the agricultural product 14, 122, 123, 124, and a control device 130 that controls the amount of light emitted from the upper illumination unit 110 to the produce 14 and the amount of light emitted from the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 to the produce 14. Has been.
　本実施形態に係る照明装置１００は、農産物１４の外部品質を検査する検査装置１０Ａの一部をなしており、検査装置１０Ａは、被検査体である農産物（例えば、グレープフルーツやミカン）１４を連続的に搬送するコンベア１２と、農産物１４が通過する毎に農産物１４を検出し、検出信号を発する光電センサ１６と、農産物１４を５つの方向から撮像する５台のＣＣＤカメラ１８と、本実施形態に係る照明装置１００と、光電センサ１６からの検出信号に応じて、各ＣＣＤカメラ１８の電子シャッターを作動させる制御装置２２と、から構成されている。 The lighting device 100 according to the present embodiment forms part of an inspection device 10A that inspects the external quality of the agricultural product 14, and the inspection device 10A continuously supplies agricultural products (for example, grapefruits and tangerines) 14 that are inspected. The conveyor 12 that automatically conveys, the photoelectric sensor 16 that detects the agricultural product 14 each time the agricultural product 14 passes, emits a detection signal, the five CCD cameras 18 that image the agricultural product 14 from five directions, and this embodiment And the control device 22 that operates the electronic shutter of each CCD camera 18 in accordance with the detection signal from the photoelectric sensor 16.
　５台のＣＣＤカメラ１８のうちの１つは、搬送されてくる農産物１４を上方から撮像するように農産物１４の上方に配置されており、他の４つは、搬送されてくる農産物１４を側方から撮像するように農産物１４の側方において相互に９０度の間隔をあけて一水平面内に配置されている。４つのＣＣＤカメラ１８は、例えば、農産物１４のほぼ半分の高さにある水平面内に位置するように配置されている。 One of the five CCD cameras 18 is arranged above the agricultural product 14 so as to image the agricultural product 14 being conveyed from above, and the other four are side by side the agricultural product 14 being conveyed. In order to pick up images from the side, the agricultural products 14 are arranged in a horizontal plane with a 90-degree interval between them on the side. For example, the four CCD cameras 18 are arranged so as to be positioned in a horizontal plane that is approximately half the height of the agricultural product 14.
　上方照明ユニット１１０及び４個の側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４は５個のＣＣＤカメラ１８の各々に隣接して配置され、コンベア１２上を通過する農産物１４にそれぞれ上方及び側方から光を照射する。 The upper lighting unit 110 and the four side lighting units 121, 122, 123, 124 are arranged adjacent to each of the five CCD cameras 18, and produce the agricultural products 14 passing on the conveyor 12 from above and from the sides, respectively. Irradiate light.
　検査装置１０Ａは、本実施形態に係る照明装置１００によって農産物１４に照射される光量が制御装置１３０により制御される点を除いて、図２０に示した検査装置１０と同様に作動する。 The inspection apparatus 10A operates in the same manner as the inspection apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 20 except that the amount of light applied to the agricultural product 14 by the lighting apparatus 100 according to this embodiment is controlled by the control apparatus 130.
　具体的には、本実施形態に係る照明装置１００においては、制御装置１３０は上方照明ユニット１１０の作動開始時刻と４個の側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４の作動開始時刻とが同一であるように制御し、さらに、農産物１４が側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４から照射される光の影響を最も強く受ける第一の点における照度が、農産物１４が上方照明ユニット１１０から照射される光の影響を最も強く受ける第二の点における照度の±１０％の範囲内に入るように、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４の作動終了時刻を制御する。 Specifically, in the illumination device 100 according to the present embodiment, the control device 130 has the same operation start time of the upper illumination unit 110 and the operation start times of the four side illumination units 121, 122, 123, and 124. Furthermore, the illuminance at the first point at which the agricultural product 14 is most strongly affected by the light irradiated from the side lighting units 121, 122, 123, 124 is The operation end times of the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, and 124 are controlled so as to fall within a range of ± 10% of the illuminance at the second point most strongly affected by the irradiated light.
　すなわち、制御装置１３０は、上方照明ユニット１１０を常時作動させるとともに、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４の照射時間（作動時間）は上方照明ユニット１１０の照射時間よりも短くなるように制御を行う。 That is, the control device 130 always operates the upper illumination unit 110 and controls the irradiation time (operation time) of the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, and 124 to be shorter than the irradiation time of the upper illumination unit 110. I do.
　図２は制御装置１３０のブロック図である。 FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the control device 130.
　制御装置１３０は、中央処理装置（ＣＰＵ）１３１と、第一のメモリ１３２と、第二のメモリ１３３と、各種命令及びデータを中央処理装置１３１に入力するための入力インターフェイス１３４と、中央処理装置１３１により実行された処理の結果を出力する出力インターフェイス１３５と、中央処理装置１３１と第一のメモリ１３２、第二のメモリ１３３、入力インターフェイス１３４及び出力インターフェイス１３５とを接続するバス１３６と、から構成されている。 The control device 130 includes a central processing unit (CPU) 131, a first memory 132, a second memory 133, an input interface 134 for inputting various commands and data to the central processing unit 131, and a central processing unit. And an output interface 135 that outputs a result of the processing executed by 131, and a bus 136 that connects the central processing unit 131 to the first memory 132, the second memory 133, the input interface 134, and the output interface 135. Has been.
　第一のメモリ１３２及び第二のメモリ１３３の各々は、リード・オンリー・メモリ（ＲＯＭ）、ランダム・アクセス・メモリ（ＲＡＭ）またはＩＣメモリーカードなどの半導体記憶装置、フレキシブルディスクなどの記憶媒体、ハードディスク、あるいは、光学磁気ディスクなどからなる。例えば、第一のメモリ１３２はＲＯＭからなり、第二のメモリ１３３はＲＡＭからなる。 Each of the first memory 132 and the second memory 133 includes a read only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a semiconductor storage device such as an IC memory card, a storage medium such as a flexible disk, and a hard disk Or an optical magnetic disk or the like. For example, the first memory 132 is composed of ROM, and the second memory 133 is composed of RAM.
　第一のメモリ１３２は中央処理装置１３１が実行するための各種の制御用プログラムその他の固定的なデータを格納している。第二のメモリ１３３は様々なデータ及びパラメータを記憶しているとともに、中央処理装置１３１に対する作動領域を提供する、すなわち、中央処理装置１３１がプログラムを実行する上で一時的に必要とされるデータを格納している。中央処理装置１３１は第一のメモリ１３２からプログラムを読み出し、そのプログラムを実行する。すなわち、中央処理装置１３１は第一のメモリ１３２に格納されているプログラムに従って作動する。 The first memory 132 stores various control programs to be executed by the central processing unit 131 and other fixed data. The second memory 133 stores various data and parameters and provides an operation area for the central processing unit 131, that is, data temporarily required for the central processing unit 131 to execute the program. Is stored. The central processing unit 131 reads the program from the first memory 132 and executes the program. That is, the central processing unit 131 operates according to a program stored in the first memory 132.
　以下、制御装置１３０による上方照明ユニット１１０及び側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４の光量制御について説明する。 Hereinafter, the light amount control of the upper illumination unit 110 and the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, and 124 by the control device 130 will be described.
　本発明者は上方照明ユニット１１０及び側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４の最適な光量制御を決定するため、以下の実験を行った。 The present inventor conducted the following experiment in order to determine the optimal light amount control of the upper illumination unit 110 and the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, and 124.
　図３は、農産物１４を上方から撮像した画像である。 FIG. 3 is an image of the agricultural product 14 taken from above.
　図３に示すように、農産物１４が側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４から照射される光の影響を最も強く受ける点をＡ点とし、農産物１４が上方照明ユニット１１０から照射される光の影響を最も強く受ける点をＢ点とする。 As shown in FIG. 3, the point at which the agricultural product 14 is most strongly affected by the light emitted from the side lighting units 121, 122, 123, and 124 is point A, and the light from which the agricultural product 14 is irradiated from the upper lighting unit 110. Let B be the point that is most affected by.
　例えば、Ａ点としては、農産物１４の全高に対して底部から半分の高さに位置する点が選定され、Ｂ点としては、農産物１４の頂点が選定される。 For example, a point located at half the height from the bottom with respect to the total height of the agricultural product 14 is selected as the point A, and the apex of the agricultural product 14 is selected as the point B.
　上方照明ユニット１１０を常時作動させた状態において（すなわち、農産物１４にはその上方から常に光が照射された状態において）側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４の照射時間を０ミリ秒（ｍｓｅｃ）から１５ミリ秒（ｍｓｅｃ）の間において１ミリ秒毎に変化させ、各ミリ秒におけるＡ点及びＢ点の照度を測定した。 In a state where the upper illumination unit 110 is always operated (that is, in a state where the agricultural product 14 is always irradiated with light from above), the irradiation time of the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 is set to 0 milliseconds (msec). ) To 15 milliseconds (msec), and the illuminance at points A and B in each millisecond was measured.
　この測定は、上方照明ユニット１１０から照射される光の光量に対する側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４から照射される光の光量を７通り（実験１－７）に変化させて、行った。 This measurement was performed by changing the amount of light emitted from the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, and 124 with respect to the amount of light emitted from the upper illumination unit 110 (Experiment 1-7). .
　（実験１）
　図４は、上方照明ユニット１１０からの光量を１００、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４からの各光量を４０に設定した場合に、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４の作動時間である０－１５ミリ秒の各ミリ秒において農産物１４を上方から撮像した１６個の画像である。 (Experiment 1)
FIG. 4 shows the operation of the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 when the light amount from the upper illumination unit 110 is set to 100 and each light amount from the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 is set to 40. 16 images obtained by imaging the agricultural product 14 from above in each millisecond of 0-15 milliseconds as time.
　０－１５ミリ秒の各ミリ秒におけるＡ点及びＢ点の照度は表１に示す通りである。 The illuminance at points A and B in each millisecond of 0-15 milliseconds is as shown in Table 1.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
　図５は表１に示した数値をグラフ化したものである。 FIG. 5 is a graph of the numerical values shown in Table 1.
　図５に示されるように、照射時間が５．５７ミリ秒であるときにＡ点における照度とＢ点における照度とが等しくなる。 As shown in FIG. 5, the illuminance at point A and the illuminance at point B are equal when the irradiation time is 5.57 milliseconds.
　従って、制御装置１３０が、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４による光の照射時間が５．５７ミリ秒になるように、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４の作動を制御することにより、農産物１４の中央部（Ｂ点の周辺）及び外郭（Ａ点の周辺）が最適に鮮明に撮像された画像を得ることができる。 Therefore, the control device 130 controls the operation of the side lighting units 121, 122, 123, and 124 so that the light irradiation time by the side lighting units 121, 122, 123, and 124 becomes 5.57 milliseconds. Thus, it is possible to obtain an image in which the central portion (around the point B) and the outline (around the point A) of the agricultural product 14 are imaged optimally and clearly.
　また、発明者の知見によれば、Ａ点における照度がＢ点における照度の±１０％の範囲内であれば、農産物１４の中央部（Ｂ点の周辺）及び外郭（Ａ点の周辺）が十分に鮮明に撮像された画像を得ることが可能である。 In addition, according to the inventor's knowledge, if the illuminance at point A is within ± 10% of the illuminance at point B, the central part of the produce 14 (around point B) and the outline (around point A) It is possible to obtain an image captured sufficiently clearly.
　Ａ点における照度がＢ点における照度の±１０％の範囲内となるのは、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４による光の照射時間が３．５乃至８．６ミリ秒の範囲である。 The illuminance at the point A falls within the range of ± 10% of the illuminance at the point B when the light irradiation time by the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 is in the range of 3.5 to 8.6 milliseconds. is there.
　詳細は表２の通りである。 Details are as shown in Table 2.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000002
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000002
　以上のように、上方照明ユニット１１０からの光量を１００、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４からの各光量を４０に設定した場合には、上側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４による光の照射時間を３．５乃至８．６ミリ秒の範囲に、特に、５．５７ミリ秒に等しく設定することにより、農産物１４の中央部（Ｂ点の周辺）及び外郭（Ａ点の周辺）が十分に鮮明に撮像された画像を得ることが可能である。 As described above, when the light quantity from the upper illumination unit 110 is set to 100 and each light quantity from the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, and 124 is set to 40, the upper side illumination units 121, 122, 123, and 124 are set. By setting the light irradiation time in the range of 3.5 to 8.6 milliseconds, especially equal to 5.57 milliseconds, the central part of the produce 14 (around the point B) and the outline (of the point A) It is possible to obtain an image in which the surrounding area is captured sufficiently clearly.
　（実験２）
　図６は、上方照明ユニット１１０からの光量を１００、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４からの各光量を５０に設定した場合に、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４の作動時間である０－１５ミリ秒の各ミリ秒において農産物１４を上方から撮像した１６個の画像である。 (Experiment 2)
FIG. 6 shows the operation of the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 when the light amount from the upper illumination unit 110 is set to 100 and each light amount from the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 is set to 50. 16 images obtained by imaging the agricultural product 14 from above in each millisecond of 0-15 milliseconds as time.
　０－１５ミリ秒の各ミリ秒におけるＡ点及びＢ点の照度は表３に示す通りである。 Table 3 shows the illuminance at point A and point B in each millisecond of 0-15 milliseconds.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000003
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000003
　図７は表３に示した数値をグラフ化したものである。 FIG. 7 is a graph of the numerical values shown in Table 3.
　図７に示されるように、照射時間が５．５９ミリ秒であるときにＡ点における照度とＢ点における照度とが等しくなる。 As shown in FIG. 7, the illuminance at point A and the illuminance at point B are equal when the irradiation time is 5.59 milliseconds.
　従って、制御装置１３０が、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４による光の照射時間が５．５９ミリ秒になるように、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４の作動を制御することにより、農産物１４の中央部（Ｂ点の周辺）及び外郭（Ａ点の周辺）が最適に鮮明に撮像された画像を得ることができる。 Therefore, the control device 130 controls the operation of the side lighting units 121, 122, 123, and 124 so that the light irradiation time by the side lighting units 121, 122, 123, and 124 becomes 5.59 milliseconds. Thus, it is possible to obtain an image in which the central portion (around the point B) and the outline (around the point A) of the agricultural product 14 are imaged optimally and clearly.
　また、Ａ点における照度がＢ点における照度の±１０％の範囲内となるのは、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４による光の照射時間が３．６乃至７．９ミリ秒の範囲である。 In addition, the illuminance at the point A is within ± 10% of the illuminance at the point B because the light irradiation time by the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 is 3.6 to 7.9 milliseconds. It is a range.
　詳細は表４の通りである。 Details are as shown in Table 4.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000004
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000004
　以上のように、上方照明ユニット１１０からの光量を１００、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４からの各光量を５０に設定した場合には、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４による光の照射時間を３．６乃至７．９ミリ秒の範囲に、特に、５．５９ミリ秒に等しく設定することにより、農産物１４の中央部（Ｂ点の周辺）及び外郭（Ａ点の周辺）が十分に鮮明に撮像された画像を得ることが可能である。 As described above, when the light quantity from the upper illumination unit 110 is set to 100 and each light quantity from the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, and 124 is set to 50, the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, and 124 are set. By setting the irradiation time of light in the range of 3.6 to 7.9 milliseconds, especially equal to 5.59 milliseconds, the central part of the produce 14 (around point B) and the outline (of point A) It is possible to obtain an image in which the surrounding area is captured sufficiently clearly.
　（実験３）
　図８は、上方照明ユニット１１０からの光量を１００、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４からの各光量を６０に設定した場合に、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４の作動時間である０－１５ミリ秒の各ミリ秒において農産物１４を上方から撮像した１６個の画像である。 (Experiment 3)
FIG. 8 shows the operation of the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 when the light amount from the upper illumination unit 110 is set to 100 and each light amount from the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 is set to 60. 16 images obtained by imaging the agricultural product 14 from above in each millisecond of 0-15 milliseconds as time.
　０－１５ミリ秒の各ミリ秒におけるＡ点及びＢ点の照度は表５に示す通りである。 The illuminance at points A and B in each millisecond of 0-15 milliseconds is as shown in Table 5.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000005
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000005
　図９は表５に示した数値をグラフ化したものである。 FIG. 9 is a graph of the numerical values shown in Table 5.
　図９に示されるように、照射時間が５．２０ミリ秒であるときにＡ点における照度とＢ点における照度とが等しくなる。 As shown in FIG. 9, when the irradiation time is 5.20 milliseconds, the illuminance at point A and the illuminance at point B are equal.
　従って、制御装置１３０が、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４による光の照射時間が５．２０ミリ秒になるように、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４の作動を制御することにより、農産物１４の中央部（Ｂ点の周辺）及び外郭（Ａ点の周辺）が最適に鮮明に撮像された画像を得ることができる。 Therefore, the control device 130 controls the operation of the side lighting units 121, 122, 123, and 124 so that the light irradiation time by the side lighting units 121, 122, 123, and 124 becomes 5.20 milliseconds. Thus, it is possible to obtain an image in which the central portion (around the point B) and the outline (around the point A) of the agricultural product 14 are imaged optimally and clearly.
　また、Ａ点における照度がＢ点における照度の±１０％の範囲内となるのは、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４による光の照射時間が３．２乃至７．３ミリ秒の範囲である。 Also, the illuminance at point A falls within the range of ± 10% of the illuminance at point B because the light irradiation time by the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 is 3.2 to 7.3 milliseconds. It is a range.
　詳細は表６の通りである。 Details are as shown in Table 6.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000006
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000006
　以上のように、上方照明ユニット１１０からの光量を１００、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４からの各光量を６０に設定した場合には、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４による光の照射時間を３．２乃至７．３ミリ秒の範囲に、特に、５．２０ミリ秒に等しく設定することにより、農産物１４の中央部（Ｂ点の周辺）及び外郭（Ａ点の周辺）が十分に鮮明に撮像された画像を得ることが可能である。 As described above, when the light quantity from the upper illumination unit 110 is set to 100 and each light quantity from the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, and 124 is set to 60, the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, and 124 are set. By setting the irradiation time of light in the range of 3.2 to 7.3 milliseconds, especially equal to 5.20 milliseconds, the central part of the agricultural product 14 (around point B) and the outline (of point A) It is possible to obtain an image in which the surrounding area is captured sufficiently clearly.
　（実験４）
　図１０は、上方照明ユニット１１０からの光量を１００、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４からの各光量を７０に設定した場合に、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４の作動時間である０－１５ミリ秒の各ミリ秒において農産物１４を上方から撮像した１６個の画像である。 (Experiment 4)
FIG. 10 shows the operation of the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 when the light amount from the upper illumination unit 110 is set to 100 and each light amount from the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 is set to 70. 16 images obtained by imaging the agricultural product 14 from above in each millisecond of 0-15 milliseconds as time.
　０－１５ミリ秒の各ミリ秒におけるＡ点及びＢ点の照度は表７に示す通りである。 The illuminance at points A and B in each millisecond of 0-15 milliseconds is as shown in Table 7.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000007
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000007
　図１１は表７に示した数値をグラフ化したものである。 FIG. 11 is a graph of the numerical values shown in Table 7.
　図１１に示されるように、照射時間が４．６５ミリ秒であるときにＡ点における照度とＢ点における照度とが等しくなる。 As shown in FIG. 11, the illuminance at point A and the illuminance at point B are equal when the irradiation time is 4.65 milliseconds.
　従って、制御装置１３０が、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４による光の照射時間が４．６５ミリ秒になるように、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４の作動を制御することにより、農産物１４の中央部（Ｂ点の周辺）及び外郭（Ａ点の周辺）が最適に鮮明に撮像された画像を得ることができる。 Therefore, the control device 130 controls the operation of the side lighting units 121, 122, 123, and 124 so that the light irradiation time by the side lighting units 121, 122, 123, and 124 becomes 4.65 milliseconds. Thus, it is possible to obtain an image in which the central portion (around the point B) and the outline (around the point A) of the agricultural product 14 are imaged optimally and clearly.
　また、Ａ点における照度がＢ点における照度の±１０％の範囲内となるのは、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４による光の照射時間が２．８乃至６．４ミリ秒の範囲である。 In addition, the illuminance at the point A is within ± 10% of the illuminance at the point B because the light irradiation time by the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 is 2.8 to 6.4 milliseconds. It is a range.
　詳細は表８の通りである。 Details are as shown in Table 8.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000008
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000008
　以上のように、上方照明ユニット１１０からの光量を１００、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４からの各光量を７０に設定した場合には、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４による光の照射時間を２．８乃至６．４ミリ秒の範囲に、特に、４．６５ミリ秒に等しく設定することにより、農産物１４の中央部（Ｂ点の周辺）及び外郭（Ａ点の周辺）が十分に鮮明に撮像された画像を得ることが可能である。 As described above, when the light quantity from the upper illumination unit 110 is set to 100 and each light quantity from the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, and 124 is set to 70, the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, and 124 are set. By setting the light irradiation time in the range of 2.8 to 6.4 milliseconds, especially equal to 4.65 milliseconds, the central part of the produce 14 (around the point B) and the outline (of the point A) It is possible to obtain an image in which the surrounding area is captured sufficiently clearly.
　（実験５）
　図１２は、上方照明ユニット１１０からの光量を１００、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４からの各光量を８０に設定した場合に、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４の作動時間である０－１５ミリ秒の各ミリ秒において農産物１４を上方から撮像した１６個の画像である。 (Experiment 5)
FIG. 12 shows the operation of the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 when the light amount from the upper illumination unit 110 is set to 100 and each light amount from the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 is set to 80. 16 images obtained by imaging the agricultural product 14 from above in each millisecond of 0-15 milliseconds as time.
　０－１５ミリ秒の各ミリ秒におけるＡ点及びＢ点の照度は表９に示す通りである。 The illuminance at points A and B in each millisecond of 0-15 milliseconds is as shown in Table 9.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000009
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000009
　図１３は表９に示した数値をグラフ化したものである。 FIG. 13 is a graph of the numerical values shown in Table 9.
　図１３に示されるように、照射時間が４．５６ミリ秒であるときにＡ点における照度とＢ点における照度とが等しくなる。 As shown in FIG. 13, the illuminance at point A and the illuminance at point B are equal when the irradiation time is 4.56 milliseconds.
　従って、制御装置１３０が、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４による光の照射時間が４．５６ミリ秒になるように、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４の作動を制御することにより、農産物１４の中央部（Ｂ点の周辺）及び外郭（Ａ点の周辺）が最適に鮮明に撮像された画像を得ることができる。 Therefore, the control device 130 controls the operation of the side lighting units 121, 122, 123, and 124 so that the light irradiation time by the side lighting units 121, 122, 123, and 124 becomes 4.56 milliseconds. Thus, it is possible to obtain an image in which the central portion (around the point B) and the outline (around the point A) of the agricultural product 14 are imaged optimally and clearly.
　また、Ａ点における照度がＢ点における照度の±１０％の範囲内となるのは、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４による光の照射時間が３．１乃至６．１ミリ秒の範囲である。 In addition, the illuminance at the point A is within ± 10% of the illuminance at the point B because the light irradiation time by the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 is 3.1 to 6.1 milliseconds. It is a range.
　詳細は表１０の通りである。 Details are as shown in Table 10.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000010
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000010
　以上のように、上方照明ユニット１１０からの光量を１００、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４からの各光量を８０に設定した場合には、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４による光の照射時間を３．１乃至６．１ミリ秒の範囲に、特に、４．５６ミリ秒に等しく設定することにより、農産物１４の中央部（Ｂ点の周辺）及び外郭（Ａ点の周辺）が十分に鮮明に撮像された画像を得ることが可能である。 As described above, when the light quantity from the upper illumination unit 110 is set to 100 and each light quantity from the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, and 124 is set to 80, the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, and 124 are set. By setting the irradiation time of light in the range of 3.1 to 6.1 milliseconds, especially equal to 4.56 milliseconds, the central part of the produce 14 (around the point B) and the outline (of the point A) It is possible to obtain an image in which the surrounding area is captured sufficiently clearly.
　（実験６）
　図１４は、上方照明ユニット１１０からの光量を１００、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４からの各光量を９０に設定した場合に、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４の作動時間である０－１５ミリ秒の各ミリ秒において農産物１４を上方から撮像した１６個の画像である。 (Experiment 6)
FIG. 14 shows the operation of the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 when the light amount from the upper illumination unit 110 is set to 100 and each light amount from the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 is set to 90. 16 images obtained by imaging the agricultural product 14 from above in each millisecond of 0-15 milliseconds as time.
　０－１５ミリ秒の各ミリ秒におけるＡ点及びＢ点の照度は表１０に示す通りである。 Table 10 shows the illuminance at points A and B for each millisecond of 0-15 milliseconds.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000011
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000011
　図１５は表１１に示した数値をグラフ化したものである。 FIG. 15 is a graph of the numerical values shown in Table 11.
　図１５に示されるように、照射時間が４．３２ミリ秒であるときにＡ点における照度とＢ点における照度とが等しくなる。 As shown in FIG. 15, the illuminance at point A and the illuminance at point B are equal when the irradiation time is 4.32 milliseconds.
　従って、制御装置１３０が、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４による光の照射時間が４．３２ミリ秒になるように、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４の作動を制御することにより、農産物１４の中央部（Ｂ点の周辺）及び外郭（Ａ点の周辺）が最適に鮮明に撮像された画像を得ることができる。 Therefore, the control device 130 controls the operation of the side lighting units 121, 122, 123, and 124 so that the light irradiation time by the side lighting units 121, 122, 123, and 124 becomes 4.32 milliseconds. Thus, it is possible to obtain an image in which the central portion (around the point B) and the outline (around the point A) of the agricultural product 14 are imaged optimally and clearly.
　また、Ａ点における照度がＢ点における照度の±１０％の範囲内となるのは、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４による光の照射時間が２．７乃至６．２ミリ秒の範囲である。 In addition, the illuminance at the point A falls within the range of ± 10% of the illuminance at the point B because the light irradiation time by the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 is 2.7 to 6.2 milliseconds. It is a range.
　詳細は表１２の通りである。 Details are as shown in Table 12.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000012
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000012
　以上のように、上方照明ユニット１１０からの光量を１００、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４からの各光量を９０に設定した場合には、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４による光の照射時間を２．７乃至６．２ミリ秒の範囲に、特に、４．３２ミリ秒に等しく設定することにより、農産物１４の中央部（Ｂ点の周辺）及び外郭（Ａ点の周辺）が十分に鮮明に撮像された画像を得ることが可能である。 As described above, when the light quantity from the upper illumination unit 110 is set to 100 and each light quantity from the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, and 124 is set to 90, the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, and 124 are set. By setting the light irradiation time in the range of 2.7 to 6.2 milliseconds, especially equal to 4.32 milliseconds, the central part of the produce 14 (around the point B) and the outline (of the point A) It is possible to obtain an image in which the surrounding area is captured sufficiently clearly.
　（実験７）
　図１６は、上方照明ユニット１１０からの光量を１００、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４からの各光量を１００に設定した場合に、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４の作動時間である０－１５ミリ秒の各ミリ秒において農産物１４を上方から撮像した１６個の画像である。 (Experiment 7)
FIG. 16 shows the operation of the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 when the light amount from the upper illumination unit 110 is set to 100 and each light amount from the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 is set to 100. 16 images obtained by imaging the agricultural product 14 from above in each millisecond of 0-15 milliseconds as time.
　０－１５ミリ秒の各ミリ秒におけるＡ点及びＢ点の照度は表１３に示す通りである。 The illuminance at points A and B in each millisecond of 0-15 milliseconds is as shown in Table 13.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000013
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000013
　図１７は表１３に示した数値をグラフ化したものである。 FIG. 17 is a graph of the numerical values shown in Table 13.
　図１７に示されるように、照射時間が４．５６ミリ秒であるときにＡ点における照度とＢ点における照度とが等しくなる。 As shown in FIG. 17, the illuminance at point A and the illuminance at point B are equal when the irradiation time is 4.56 milliseconds.
　従って、制御装置１３０が、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４による光の照射時間が４．５６ミリ秒になるように、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４の作動を制御することにより、農産物１４の中央部（Ｂ点の周辺）及び外郭（Ａ点の周辺）が最適に鮮明に撮像された画像を得ることができる。 Therefore, the control device 130 controls the operation of the side lighting units 121, 122, 123, and 124 so that the light irradiation time by the side lighting units 121, 122, 123, and 124 becomes 4.56 milliseconds. Thus, it is possible to obtain an image in which the central portion (around the point B) and the outline (around the point A) of the agricultural product 14 are imaged optimally and clearly.
　また、Ａ点における照度がＢ点における照度の±１０％の範囲内となるのは、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４による光の照射時間が２．８乃至６．２ミリ秒の範囲である。 In addition, the illuminance at point A falls within the range of ± 10% of the illuminance at point B because the light irradiation time by the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 is 2.8 to 6.2 milliseconds. It is a range.
　詳細は表１４の通りである。 Details are as shown in Table 14.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000014
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000014
　以上のように、上方照明ユニット１１０からの光量を１００、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４からの各光量を１００に設定した場合には、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４による光の照射時間を２．８乃至６．２ミリ秒の範囲に、特に、４．５６ミリ秒に等しく設定することにより、農産物１４の中央部（Ｂ点の周辺）及び外郭（Ａ点の周辺）が十分に鮮明に撮像された画像を得ることが可能である。 As described above, when the light quantity from the upper illumination unit 110 is set to 100 and each light quantity from the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, and 124 is set to 100, the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, and 124 are set. By setting the irradiation time of light in the range of 2.8 to 6.2 milliseconds, in particular equal to 4.56 milliseconds, the central part of the produce 14 (around the point B) and the outline (of the point A) It is possible to obtain an image in which the surrounding area is captured sufficiently clearly.
　表１５は、上方照明ユニット１１０からの光量を１００、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４からの各光量を４０、５０、６０、７０、８０、９０、１００に設定した場合の側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４の最適な照射時間及びその±１０％の範囲内の照射時間を示す一覧表である。 Table 15 shows the lateral direction when the light amount from the upper illumination unit 110 is set to 100 and the light amounts from the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, and 124 are respectively set to 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100. It is a table | surface which shows the optimal irradiation time of the illumination units 121, 122, 123, and 124, and the irradiation time within the range of +/- 10%.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000015
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000015
　表１５から明らかであるように、各最適照射時間の１０％の範囲に共通する範囲は３．６－６．１ミリ秒である。従って、上方照明ユニット１１０からの光量を１００、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４からの各光量を４０－１００の範囲内に設定する場合には、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４の光量の設定値にかかわらず、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４による光の照射時間を３．６乃至６．１ミリ秒の範囲に設定すれば、農産物１４の中央部（Ｂ点の周辺）及び外郭（Ａ点の周辺）が十分に鮮明に撮像された画像を得ることが可能である。 As is clear from Table 15, the range common to 10% of each optimum irradiation time is 3.6-6.1 milliseconds. Accordingly, when the light quantity from the upper illumination unit 110 is set to 100 and the respective light quantities from the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 are set within the range of 40-100, the side illumination units 121, 122, 123 are set. Regardless of the light intensity setting value of 124, if the light irradiation time by the side lighting units 121, 122, 123, 124 is set in the range of 3.6 to 6.1 milliseconds, It is possible to obtain an image in which the periphery of the point B) and the outline (the periphery of the point A) are captured sufficiently clearly.
　なお、本実施形態に係る照明装置１００は上記の構成に限定されるものではなく、種々の改変が可能である。 In addition, the illuminating device 100 which concerns on this embodiment is not limited to said structure, A various change is possible.
　例えば、本実施形態に係る照明装置１００は上方照明ユニット１１０及び側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４の光量制御を行う制御装置１３０を備えており、検査装置１０Ａは各ＣＣＤカメラ１８の電子シャッターの作動制御を行う制御装置２２を備えているが、例えば、制御装置１３０が各ＣＣＤカメラ１８の電子シャッターの作動制御をも行うように構成することができ、この場合には、制御装置２２は不要となる。 For example, the illuminating device 100 according to the present embodiment includes a control device 130 that controls the light amount of the upper illumination unit 110 and the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, and 124, and the inspection device 10A is an electronic device for each CCD camera 18. Although the control device 22 that controls the operation of the shutter is provided, for example, the control device 130 can also be configured to control the operation of the electronic shutter of each CCD camera 18. In this case, the control device 22 can be configured. Is no longer necessary.
　本実施形態に係る照明装置１００は４個の側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４を有するものとして構成されているが、側方照明ユニットの個数は４には限定されない。側方照明ユニットの個数としては、４以上の任意の数を選択することが可能である。ただし、側方照明ユニットの好ましい個数は４である。また、側方照明ユニットの各々は上方照明ユニット１１０を中心として等円周角に配置されることが好ましい。 The lighting device 100 according to the present embodiment is configured to include four side lighting units 121, 122, 123, and 124, but the number of side lighting units is not limited to four. As the number of side illumination units, any number of 4 or more can be selected. However, the preferred number of side illumination units is four. In addition, each of the side illumination units is preferably arranged at an equal circumferential angle with the upper illumination unit 110 as the center.
　（第二の実施形態）
　図１８は本発明の第二の実施形態に係る照明装置２００の概略図である。 (Second embodiment)
FIG. 18 is a schematic view of an illumination device 200 according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
　第一の実施形態に係る照明装置１００においては、４個の側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４の各々は農産物１４を四方から撮像するように相互に９０度の間隔をあけてＣＣＤカメラ１８に隣接して一水平面内に配置されている。 In the illuminating device 100 according to the first embodiment, each of the four side illumination units 121, 122, 123, and 124 is spaced apart from each other by 90 degrees so as to image the agricultural product 14 from the CCD camera. 18 is disposed in a horizontal plane adjacent to the surface 18.
　側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４がＣＣＤカメラ１８に隣接しているとは言え、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４が照射する光が通過する軸線と、ＣＣＤカメラ１８が受光する光が通過する軸線とは平行にはなり得ず、相互に多少傾斜した位置関係になる。このため、側方照明ユニット１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４から発光され、農産物１４で反射した光は傾斜角を有してＣＣＤカメラ１８に受光される。すなわち、ＣＣＤカメラ１８は農産物１４を側方正面から撮像することはできず、多少斜めから農産物１４を撮像することは避けられない。 Although the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 are adjacent to the CCD camera 18, the axis line through which the light emitted by the side illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 passes and the CCD camera 18 receive light. It cannot be parallel to the axis through which the transmitted light passes, and is in a positional relationship slightly inclined with respect to each other. For this reason, the light emitted from the side lighting units 121, 122, 123, and 124 and reflected by the agricultural product 14 is received by the CCD camera 18 with an inclination angle. That is, the CCD camera 18 cannot pick up the agricultural product 14 from the front side, and it is inevitable to pick up the agricultural product 14 from a slight angle.
　本実施形態に係る照明装置２００は、このような問題を解決し、ＣＣＤカメラ１８が農産物１４を側方正面から撮像できることを可能にするものである。 The lighting device 200 according to the present embodiment solves such a problem and enables the CCD camera 18 to image the agricultural product 14 from the front side.
　図２に示すように、本実施形態に係る照明装置２００は、農産物１４の上方から農産物１４に光を照射する上方照明ユニット２１０と、農産物１４の側方から農産物１４に光を照射する４個の側方照明ユニット２２１、２２２、２２３、２２４と、上方照明ユニット２１０から農産物１４に照射される光量と側方照明ユニット２２１、２２２、２２３、２２４から農産物１４に照射される光量とを制御する制御装置１３０と、４個の反射鏡２３１、２３２、２３３、２３４と、から構成されている。 As shown in FIG. 2, the lighting device 200 according to the present embodiment includes an upper illumination unit 210 that irradiates the agricultural product 14 with light from above the agricultural product 14, and four units that irradiate the agricultural product 14 with light from the side of the agricultural product 14. The side illumination units 221, 222, 223, 224, and the amount of light emitted from the upper illumination unit 210 to the produce 14 and the amount of light emitted from the side illumination units 221, 222, 223, 224 to the produce 14 are controlled. The control device 130 includes four reflecting mirrors 231, 232, 233, and 234.
　本実施形態に係る照明装置２００は、上方照明ユニット２１０及び側方照明ユニット２２１、２２２、２２３、２２４の構造が異なる点並びに反射鏡２３１、２３２、２３３、２３４を追加的に備えている点を除いて、第一の実施形態に係る照明装置１００と同様の構成を有している。 The illumination device 200 according to the present embodiment is different in that the structures of the upper illumination unit 210 and the side illumination units 221, 222, 223, and 224 are different, and additionally includes reflectors 231, 232, 233 and 234 Except for this, it has the same configuration as that of the illumination device 100 according to the first embodiment.
　また、第一の実施形態に係る照明装置１００と同様に、本実施形態に係る照明装置２００は、農産物１４の外部品質を検査する検査装置１０Ａの一部をなしている。 Further, similarly to the lighting device 100 according to the first embodiment, the lighting device 200 according to this embodiment forms part of an inspection device 10A that inspects the external quality of the agricultural product 14.
　図１８に示すように、本実施形態に係る照明装置２００における上方照明ユニット２１０は、受光装置としてのレンズ２１１と、照明器具２１２と、から構成されている。 As shown in FIG. 18, the upper illumination unit 210 in the illumination device 200 according to the present embodiment includes a lens 211 as a light receiving device and an illumination fixture 212.
　レンズ２１１は円形の断面を有しており、ＣＣＤカメラ１８に光学的に接続して取り付けられている。 The lens 211 has a circular cross section and is optically connected to the CCD camera 18.
　照明器具２１２はリング形状をなしている。リング形状をなしている照明器具２１２の内径はレンズ２１１の外径に等しく、照明器具２１２はレンズ２１１と同心に位置するように、レンズ２１１の周りに配置されている。 The lighting fixture 212 has a ring shape. The inner diameter of the ring-shaped lighting fixture 212 is equal to the outer diameter of the lens 211, and the lighting fixture 212 is disposed around the lens 211 so as to be concentric with the lens 211.
　照明器具２１２は、例えば、ＬＥＤストロボから構成することができる。 The lighting fixture 212 can be composed of, for example, an LED strobe.
　側方照明ユニット２２１、２２２、２２３、２２４の各々は上方照明ユニット２１０と同様の構成を有している。 Each of the side illumination units 221, 222, 223, 224 has the same configuration as the upper illumination unit 210.
　なお、第一の実施形態の場合と異なり、側方照明ユニット２２１、２２２、２２３、２２４は上方照明ユニット２１０と同一の高さの位置に配置されており、側方照明ユニット２２１、２２２、２２３、２２４の各々に対応して配置された反射鏡２３１、２３２、２３３、２３４を介して農産物１４に光を照射するように構成されている。 Unlike the case of the first embodiment, the side illumination units 221, 222, 223, 224 are arranged at the same height as the upper illumination unit 210, and the side illumination units 221, 222, 223 are arranged. 224 is configured to irradiate the agricultural product 14 with light through the reflecting mirrors 231, 232, 233, and 234 arranged corresponding to each of the 224.
　本実施形態に係る照明装置２００においては、上方照明ユニット２１０及び側方照明ユニット２２１、２２２、２２３、２２４の各照明器具２１２から発せられた光は直接に、または、反射鏡２３１、２３２、２３３、２３４を介して、農産物１４に照射される。 In the lighting device 200 according to the present embodiment, light emitted from the lighting fixtures 212 of the upper lighting unit 210 and the side lighting units 221, 222, 223, and 224 is directly or the reflecting mirrors 231, 232, and 233. , The agricultural product 14 is irradiated via 234.
　上方照明ユニット２１０から発せられ、農産物１４で反射した光は直接に上方照明ユニット２１０のレンズ２１１により受光され、ＣＣＤカメラ１８に送られる。また、側方照明ユニット２２１、２２２、２２３、２２４から発せられ、農産物１４で反射した光は反射鏡２３１、２３２、２３３、２３４を介して側方照明ユニット２２１、２２２、２２３、２２４の各レンズ２１１により受光され、各ＣＣＤカメラ１８に送られる。 The light emitted from the upper illumination unit 210 and reflected by the agricultural product 14 is directly received by the lens 211 of the upper illumination unit 210 and sent to the CCD camera 18. Further, the light emitted from the side lighting units 221, 222, 223, and 224 and reflected by the agricultural product 14 is reflected on the lenses of the side lighting units 221, 222, 223, and 224 via the reflecting mirrors 231, 232, 233, and 234. The light is received by 211 and sent to each CCD camera 18.
　このように、本実施形態に係る照明装置２００によれば、上方照明ユニット２１０及び側方照明ユニット２２１、２２２、２２３、２２４の各照明器具２１２から発せられた光が農産物１４に達するまでに通過する光路と、農産物１４に達した光が反射して各レンズ２１１まで戻る光路は一致するため、または、平行となるため、上方照明ユニット２１０及び側方照明ユニット２２１、２２２、２２３、２２４と一体に配置されている各ＣＣＤカメラ１８は農産物１４を正面から、すなわち、傾斜角度なしに、撮像することが可能になる。 Thus, according to the illuminating device 200 which concerns on this embodiment, the light emitted from each lighting fixture 212 of the upper illuminating unit 210 and the side illuminating units 221, 222, 223, 224 passes by until it reaches the agricultural product 14. Since the optical path to be reflected and the optical path where the light reaching the agricultural product 14 is reflected and returned to the respective lenses 211 coincide with each other or become parallel, the upper illumination unit 210 and the side illumination units 221, 222, 223, 224 are integrated. Each of the CCD cameras 18 arranged on the front side can take an image of the produce 14 from the front, that is, without an inclination angle.
　なお、本実施形態に係る照明装置２００は上記の構成に限定されるものではなく、種々の改変が可能である。 In addition, the illuminating device 200 which concerns on this embodiment is not limited to said structure, A various change is possible.
　例えば、本実施形態に係る照明装置２００においては、照明器具２１２の内径はレンズ２１１の外径に等しく設定されているが、照明器具２１２がレンズ２１１と同心に位置するように配置されている限りにおいて、照明器具２１２の内径をレンズ２１１の外径よりも大きくなるように設定することも可能である。 For example, in the lighting device 200 according to the present embodiment, the inner diameter of the lighting fixture 212 is set equal to the outer diameter of the lens 211, but as long as the lighting fixture 212 is arranged so as to be concentric with the lens 211. In this case, it is possible to set the inner diameter of the lighting fixture 212 to be larger than the outer diameter of the lens 211.
　また、４個の側方照明ユニット２２１、２２２、２２３、２２４の全てを同時に作動させることは必ずしも必要ではなく、例えば、それらのうちの３個のみを作動させるようにすることも可能である。 Further, it is not always necessary to operate all of the four side lighting units 221, 222, 223, and 224 at the same time. For example, it is possible to operate only three of them.
　図１９は側方照明ユニット２２１、２２２、２２３、２２４の作動制御の一例を示すタイミングチャートである。 FIG. 19 is a timing chart showing an example of operation control of the side illumination units 221, 222, 223, and 224.
　図１９に示すように、上方照明ユニット２１０は常に作動させるのに対して、４個の側方照明ユニット２２１、２２２、２２３、２２４のうちの１個は作動させず、残りの３個を作動させる。例えば、１番目の農産物１４を撮像する際には側方照明ユニット２２４を作動させず、側方照明ユニット２２１、２２２、２２３のみを作動させる。２番目の農産物１４を撮像する際には側方照明ユニット２２３を作動させず、側方照明ユニット２２１、２２２、２２４のみを作動させる。３番目の農産物１４を撮像する際には側方照明ユニット２２２を作動させず、側方照明ユニット２２１、２２３、２２４のみを作動させる。さらに、４番目の農産物１４を撮像する際には側方照明ユニット２２１を作動させず、側方照明ユニット２２２、２２３、２２４のみを作動させる。このようなサイクルを繰り返すことにより、農産物１４を撮像する際には、４個の側方照明ユニット２２１、２２２、２２３、２２４のうちの何れか３個の側方照明ユニットを作動させる。 As shown in FIG. 19, the upper lighting unit 210 is always operated, whereas one of the four side lighting units 221, 222, 223, and 224 is not operated, and the remaining three are operated. Let For example, when the first agricultural product 14 is imaged, the side lighting unit 224 is not operated, and only the side lighting units 221, 222, and 223 are operated. When the second agricultural product 14 is imaged, the side lighting unit 223 is not operated, and only the side lighting units 221, 222, and 224 are operated. When the third agricultural product 14 is imaged, the side lighting unit 222 is not operated, and only the side lighting units 221, 223, and 224 are operated. Further, when the fourth agricultural product 14 is imaged, the side lighting unit 221 is not operated, and only the side lighting units 222, 223, and 224 are operated. By repeating such a cycle, when the agricultural product 14 is imaged, any three of the four side lighting units 221, 222, 223, and 224 are operated.
　このように、作動させる側方照明ユニットの数を制御することにより、側方照明ユニットから照射される光量の総量を制御することが可能である。 Thus, it is possible to control the total amount of light emitted from the side lighting unit by controlling the number of side lighting units to be operated.
１００　本発明の第一の実施形態に係る照明装置
１１０　上方照明ユニット
１２１、１２２、１２３、１２４　側方照明ユニット
１３０　制御装置
１３１　中央処理装置
１３２　第一のメモリ
１３３　第二のメモリ
１３４　入力インターフェイス
１３５　出力インターフェイス
１３６　バス
１０Ａ　農産物の外部品質検査装置
１２　コンベア
１４　農産物
１６　光電センサ
１８　ＣＣＤカメラ
２２　制御装置
２００　本発明の第二の実施形態に係る照明装置
２１０　上方照明ユニット
２１１　レンズ
２１２　照明器具
２２１、２２２、２２３、２２４　側方照明ユニット
２３１、２３２、２３３、２３４　反射鏡 100 Illumination device 110 according to the first embodiment of the present invention Upper illumination units 121, 122, 123, 124 Side illumination unit 130 Control device 131 Central processing unit 132 First memory 133 Second memory 134 Input interface 135 Output Interface 136 Bus 10A Agricultural product external quality inspection device 12 Conveyor 14 Agricultural product 16 Photoelectric sensor 18 CCD camera 22 Control device 200 Lighting device 210 according to the second embodiment of the present invention 211 Lens 212 Lighting fixtures 221, 222, 223 224 Side illumination unit 231, 232, 233, 234 Reflector

Claims (16)

  1. 一方向に搬送される農産物の各々に光を照射し、前記農産物からの反射光に基づいて前記農産物の外部品質を検査する農産物の外部品質検査装置において使用される、前記農産物に光を照射する照明装置であって、
    　前記農産物の上方から前記農産物に光を照射する上方照明ユニットと、
    　前記農産物の側方から前記農産物に光を照射する少なくとも４個の側方照明ユニットと、
    　前記上方照明ユニットから照射される光量と前記側方照明ユニットから照射される光量とを制御する制御装置と、
    　からなり、
    　前記制御装置は、前記農産物が前記側方照明ユニットから照射される光の影響を最も強く受ける第一の点における照度が、前記農産物が前記上方照明ユニットから照射される光の影響を最も強く受ける第二の点における照度の±１０％の範囲内に入るように、前記側方照明ユニットの照射時間を制御するものである照明装置。     Irradiate light to each of the agricultural products conveyed in one direction, and irradiate the agricultural products used in an external quality inspection apparatus for agricultural products that inspects the external quality of the agricultural products based on the reflected light from the agricultural products. A lighting device,
    An upper illumination unit that irradiates light to the produce from above the produce;
    At least four side illumination units that irradiate the produce with light from the sides of the produce;
    A control device for controlling the amount of light emitted from the upper illumination unit and the amount of light emitted from the side illumination unit;
    Consists of
    In the control device, the illuminance at the first point at which the produce is most strongly affected by the light emitted from the side lighting unit is strongly affected by the light at which the produce is emitted from the upper lighting unit. The illuminating device which controls the irradiation time of the said side illumination unit so that it may enter into the range of +/- 10% of the illumination intensity in a 2nd point.
  2. 前記制御装置は、前記第一の点における照度と前記第二の点における照度とが等しくなるように、前記側方照明ユニットの照射時間を制御するものであることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の照明装置。 The said control apparatus controls the irradiation time of the said side illumination unit so that the illumination intensity in said 1st point and the illumination intensity in said 2nd point may become equal. The lighting device described.
  3. 前記制御装置は、前記側方照明ユニットのうち、作動させる側方照明ユニットの数を制御することにより、前記側方照明ユニットから照射される光量の総量を制御することを特徴とする請求項１または２に記載の照明装置。 The said control apparatus controls the total amount of the light quantity irradiated from the said side lighting unit by controlling the number of the side lighting units to operate among the said side lighting units. Or the illuminating device of 2.
  4. 前記上方照明ユニット及び前記側方照明ユニットの少なくとも何れか一方は、
    　前記農産物から反射した光を受光する円形の受光装置と、
    　リング状の照明器具と、
    　を備えており、
    　前記照明器具は前記受光装置の周りに前記受光装置と同心に配置されていることを特徴とする請求項１乃至３の何れか一項に記載の照明装置。     At least one of the upper illumination unit and the side illumination unit is
    A circular light receiving device for receiving light reflected from the agricultural product;
    A ring-shaped lighting fixture,
    With
    The lighting device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the lighting fixture is disposed around the light receiving device concentrically with the light receiving device.
  5. 前記受光装置の外径と前記照明器具の内径とは等しく設定されていることを特徴とする請求項４に記載の照明装置。 The lighting device according to claim 4, wherein an outer diameter of the light receiving device and an inner diameter of the lighting fixture are set to be equal.
  6. 前記制御装置は、前記側方照明ユニットの照射時間が３．６乃至６．１ミリ秒の範囲内になるように、前記側方照明ユニットを制御することを特徴とする請求項１乃至５の何れか一項に記載の照明装置。 The said control apparatus controls the said side illumination unit so that the irradiation time of the said side illumination unit may be in the range of 3.6 to 6.1 milliseconds. The lighting device according to any one of the above.
  7. 一方向に搬送される農産物の各々に光を照射し、前記農産物からの反射光に基づいて前記農産物の外部品質を検査する方法における前記農産物に光を照射する照明方法であって、
    　前記農産物の上方から前記農産物に光を照射する第一の過程と、
    　前記農産物の少なくとも４つの側方から前記農産物に光を照射する第二の過程と、
    　を備え、
    　前記第二の過程において、前記農産物が側方から照射される光の影響を最も強く受ける第一の点における照度が、前記農産物が上方から照射される光の影響を最も強く受ける第二の点における照度の±１０％の範囲内に入るように、前記農産物の側方から前記農産物に光を照射する時間が制御されるものである照明方法。     A lighting method for irradiating light to each of the agricultural products conveyed in one direction, and irradiating the agricultural products with light in a method of inspecting the external quality of the agricultural products based on reflected light from the agricultural products,
    A first process of irradiating the produce from above the produce;
    A second step of irradiating the produce with light from at least four sides of the produce;
    With
    In the second step, the illuminance at the first point where the produce is most strongly affected by light irradiated from the side is the second point where the illuminance is most strongly affected by light emitted from above. The lighting method in which the time for irradiating light to the agricultural products from the side of the agricultural products is controlled so as to fall within a range of ± 10% of the illuminance at the lighting.
  8. 前記第二の過程において、前記第一の点における照度と前記第二の点における照度とが等しくなるように、前記農産物の側方から前記農産物に光を照射する時間が制御されることを特徴とする請求項７に記載の照明方法。 In the second step, the time for irradiating the produce from the side of the produce is controlled so that the illuminance at the first point is equal to the illuminance at the second point. The illumination method according to claim 7.
  9. 前記第二の過程において、前記農産物の側方から前記農産物に光が照射される時間は３．６乃至６．１ミリ秒の範囲内であることを特徴とする請求項７または８に記載の照明方法。 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein, in the second step, the time during which the agricultural product is irradiated with light from the side of the agricultural product is within a range of 3.6 to 6.1 milliseconds. Lighting method.
  10. 被検査体である農産物を連続的に搬送する搬送手段と、
    　前記農産物が通過する毎に前記農産物を検出し、検出信号を発する検出装置と、
    　前記農産物を上方及び側方から撮像する撮像手段と、
    　請求項１乃至６の何れか一項に記載の照明装置と、
    　前記検出信号に応じて、前記撮像手段を作動させる制御手段と、
    　からなる農産物の外部品質検査装置。     A transport means for continuously transporting the agricultural product to be inspected;
    A detection device that detects the produce every time the produce passes and issues a detection signal;
    Imaging means for imaging the produce from above and from the side;
    The illumination device according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
    Control means for operating the imaging means in response to the detection signal;
    An external quality inspection device for agricultural products.
  11. 前記上方照明ユニット及び前記側方照明ユニットの少なくとも何れか一方は、
    　前記農産物から反射した光を受光する円形の受光装置と、
    　リング状の照明器具と、
    　を備えており、
    　前記照明器具は前記受光装置の周りに前記受光装置と同心に配置されていることを特徴とする請求項１０に記載の農産物の外部品質検査装置。     At least one of the upper illumination unit and the side illumination unit is
    A circular light receiving device for receiving light reflected from the agricultural product;
    A ring-shaped lighting fixture,
    With
    The external quality inspection device for agricultural products according to claim 10, wherein the lighting fixture is arranged around the light receiving device and concentric with the light receiving device.
  12. 前記受光装置の外径と前記照明器具の内径とは等しく設定されていることを特徴とする請求項１１に記載の農産物の外部品質検査装置。 The external quality inspection device for agricultural products according to claim 11, wherein an outer diameter of the light receiving device and an inner diameter of the lighting fixture are set equal to each other.
  13. 前記制御装置は、前記側方照明ユニットの照射時間が３．６乃至６．１ミリ秒の範囲内になるように、前記側方照明ユニットを制御することを特徴とする請求項１０乃至１２の何れか一項に記載の農産物の外部品質検査装置。 The said control apparatus controls the said side illumination unit so that the irradiation time of the said side illumination unit may be in the range of 3.6 to 6.1 milliseconds. The external quality inspection apparatus for agricultural products according to any one of the above.
  14. 一方向に搬送される農産物の各々に光を照射し、前記農産物からの反射光に基づいて前記農産物の外部品質を検査する方法における前記農産物に光を照射する照明方法をコンピュータに実行させるためのプログラムであって、
    　前記農産物の上方から前記農産物に光を照射する第一の処理と、
    　前記農産物の少なくとも４つの側方から前記農産物に光を照射する第二の処理と、
    　を備え、
    　前記第二の処理において、前記農産物が側方から照射される光の影響を最も強く受ける第一の点における照度が、前記農産物が上方から照射される光の影響を最も強く受ける第二の点における照度の±１０％の範囲内に入るように、前記農産物の側方から前記農産物に光を照射する時間が制御されるものであるプログラム。     A method for causing a computer to execute an illumination method for irradiating each agricultural product conveyed in one direction and irradiating the agricultural product with light in a method for inspecting the external quality of the agricultural product based on reflected light from the agricultural product. A program,
    A first treatment for irradiating the produce with light from above the produce;
    A second treatment of irradiating the produce with light from at least four sides of the produce;
    With
    In the second treatment, the illuminance at the first point where the agricultural product is most strongly affected by light irradiated from the side is the second point where the agricultural product is most strongly affected by light irradiated from above. A program in which the time for irradiating the agricultural product with light from the side of the agricultural product is controlled so as to fall within a range of ± 10% of the illuminance at the side.
  15. 前記第二の処理において、前記第一の点における照度と前記第二の点における照度とが等しくなるように、前記農産物の側方から前記農産物に光を照射する時間が制御されることを特徴とする請求項１４に記載のプログラム。 In the second process, the time for irradiating the produce from the side of the produce is controlled so that the illuminance at the first point and the illuminance at the second point are equal. The program according to claim 14.
  16. 前記第二の処理において、前記農産物の側方から前記農産物に光が照射される時間は３．６乃至６．１ミリ秒の範囲内であることを特徴とする請求項１４または１５に記載のプログラム。 The time for which the agricultural product is irradiated with light from the side of the agricultural product in the second processing is in the range of 3.6 to 6.1 milliseconds, 16. program.
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