WO2012089105A1 - 放电等离子烧结装置及方法 - Google Patents

放电等离子烧结装置及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012089105A1
WO2012089105A1 PCT/CN2011/084740 CN2011084740W WO2012089105A1 WO 2012089105 A1 WO2012089105 A1 WO 2012089105A1 CN 2011084740 W CN2011084740 W CN 2011084740W WO 2012089105 A1 WO2012089105 A1 WO 2012089105A1
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Prior art keywords
indenter
cavity
sintering
plasma sintering
powder
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PCT/CN2011/084740
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孙伟贤
高彩章
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联合非晶材料有限公司
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Publication of WO2012089105A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012089105A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05HPLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24Generating plasma
    • H05H1/52Generating plasma using exploding wires or spark gaps
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10Sintering only
    • B22F3/105Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/14Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C45/00Amorphous alloys

Definitions

  • One aspect of the present application relates to a discharge plasma sintering apparatus. Yet another aspect of the present application is directed to a method of discharge plasma sintering. Yet another aspect of the present application is directed to a method of making an amorphous metal part. Yet another aspect of the present application relates to an amorphous metal member. Yet another aspect of the present application is directed to a method of making a composite metal part. Yet another aspect of the present application is directed to a composite metal member.
  • Spark plasma sintering is a new technology that emerged in the 1990s. This method is to heat-sinter the pulsed current directly between the pressurized powder particles. It has the advantages of fast heating rate, short sintering time, controllable structure, energy saving and environmental protection. Discharge plasma sintering can be used to prepare metal materials, ceramic materials, composite materials, and can also be used to prepare nano-block materials, amorphous bulk materials, gradient materials, etc., with good and broad application prospects.
  • the existing discharge plasma sintering apparatus and method have high requirements on the mold material, and it is impossible to manufacture a special-shaped metal member and a large-sized metal member, and the energy consumption is high. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new discharge plasma sintering apparatus and method.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of a prior art spark plasma sintering apparatus 100.
  • the discharge plasma sintering apparatus 100 includes a mold 101, indenters 103 and 105, a vacuum chamber 107, and a power source 109.
  • at least one of the rams 103 and 105 is axially movable to apply pressure to the powder 111 between the rams 103 and 105.
  • the mold 101 is placed in the vacuum chamber 107 to prevent the mold 101, the rams 103 and 105, and the powder 111 from reacting with air during the high temperature and high pressure sintering.
  • the indenters 103 and 105 are respectively connected to the two poles of the power source 109 to apply a pulse current to the powder 111.
  • the mold 101 is integrally formed and is generally made of graphite or tungsten carbide. During sintering, due to unsintered The powder has a large electrical resistance, and the resistance of the mold itself is small. The current flowing through the mold at the initial stage of energization is much larger than the current flowing through the powder. Therefore, the temperature of the mold is higher than the temperature of the powder. During the sintering process, the mold transfers heat to the powder to help it complete the sintering.
  • the material for the mold needs not only high pressure resistance (may exceed 100 MPa) but also high temperature resistance (may exceed 500 ° C). Under such high temperature and high pressure conditions, the general metal has lost strength, so there are few materials to choose from, and it is almost limited to graphite and tungsten carbide.
  • the inventors of the present application found that the existing discharge plasma sintering apparatus and method have the following disadvantages:
  • spark plasma sintering uses the subcooling interval of amorphous metal to form an amorphous metal powder, and this interval is small (for example, 5 to 10 ° C), if the temperature drift is too large, the sintering may not be dense or amorphous. The metal crystallizes, thereby affecting the properties of the metal parts. Therefore, it is impossible to produce a profiled metal part and a large size metal part by using the existing discharge plasma sintering technique.
  • the existing discharge plasma sintering method monitors the mold temperature during the sintering process, and controls the current amount by the mold temperature, thereby in turn controlling the temperature of the metal powder in the mold.
  • the sintering temperature is controlled to be inaccurate by the mold temperature, which tends to cause the temperature of the amorphous powder to be too high, thereby causing the powder to crystallize.
  • An aspect of the present application provides a spark plasma sintering apparatus including a mold, a first indenter, and a second indenter.
  • the first indenter is a first electrode and the second indenter is a second electrode.
  • the mold is provided with a cavity, and the cavity, the first indenter and the second indenter surround the closed sintering cavity.
  • At least one of the first indenter and the second indenter is movable along the mold cavity to apply pressure to the powder in the sintering chamber.
  • the inner surface of the cavity is made of an electrically insulating material.
  • the spark plasma sintering apparatus further includes a vacuum chamber in which the mold is placed.
  • the mold body is made of metal and a layer of electrically insulating material is laminated within the mold cavity.
  • the metals used to make the mold body include, but are not limited to, various hot die steels and tungsten steel. Electrically insulating materials resistant to high temperatures and high voltages may be used, including but not limited to mica, boron nitride, quartz, and various suitable ceramic materials such as zirconia.
  • an insulating layer may be formed on the inner surface of the cavity by physical vapor deposition.
  • the body of the mold is made of an electrically insulating material resistant to high temperature and high pressure, which withstands the temperature and pressure during the sintering process, for example, it can be temperature resistant 300 to 1800 ° C, withstand voltage 100 ⁇ 2000 MPa electrical insulation materials, including but not limited to boron nitride, quartz and various suitable ceramic materials, such as zirconia.
  • the first indenter and the second indenter are integrally formed from metal.
  • Yet another aspect of the present application provides a discharge plasma sintering method, the method comprising: adding a metal powder into a sintering chamber of a discharge plasma sintering device, the sintering cavity being formed by a mold cavity, a first indenter and a second indenter Surrounding formation, wherein an inner surface of the cavity is an electrically insulating material; applying pressure to the metal powder in the sintering cavity along at least one of the first indenter and the second indenter; and applying the first indenter and the first The two indenters respectively apply a pulse current to the metal powder in the cavity as the first electrode and the second electrode to be sintered.
  • the pulse current can be from 100 A to 5000 A.
  • the ratio of pulse current (A) to cavity cross-sectional area (mm 2 ) is 0.7 to 5.0/1.0.
  • the frequency of the pulse current can be from 1 to 40000 Hz, such as 1 ⁇ , 2 Hz, 5 Hz, 10 Hz, 50 Hz, 100 Hz, 200 Hz, 300 Hz, 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz. , 3000 Hz, 10000 Hz, 20000 Hz, 40000 Hz, etc. More preferably, it may be 1 to 200 Hz or 300 Hz.
  • the cross-sectional area is the area of the cross-section that is perpendicular to the direction of current flow.
  • the pressure may range from 50 MPa to 2000 MPa, such as 60 MPa, 150 MPA, 300 MPa 500 MPa, 600 MPa, 800 MPa, 1000 MPa, 1500 MPa, 2000 MPa, and the like.
  • the pulse current may be applied for a period of from 1 to 60 minutes, preferably from 2 to 15 minutes, more preferably from 3 to 5 minutes.
  • the metal powder may be any metal-containing powder such as zirconium, iron, titanium, copper, ruthenium, palladium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, osmium, cobalt, nickel, zinc, ruthenium, osmium, iridium, osmium, iridium.
  • the metal powder may include a pure metal powder, a powder of a compound containing a metal element, a powder of a compound containing no metal element, and a mixture thereof. Containing metallic elements Examples of powders of the compound include, but are not limited to, SrCl 2 , ZrCl 2 MoCl 2 , and TiCl 4 . In some embodiments, the metal powder can be in an amorphous state.
  • the metal powder can also be a composite metal powder, such as a mixture of metal-containing powders and fibers, including but not limited to carbon fibers, glass fibers, ceramic fibers, and metal fibers, and any combination thereof.
  • the spark plasma sintering apparatus and method of the present application has the following advantages: the current does not substantially pass through the mold body during the sintering process, so the temperature of the mold body is relatively low during the sintering process, thereby reducing the requirements on the mold material, and the general mold steel can be selected. To reduce costs.
  • the metal powder in the mold does not rely on the return temperature of the mold body to complete the sintering, so the difference in the wall thickness of the mold does not significantly affect the temperature distribution of the metal powder in the mold, and thus can be used for Manufacturing of shaped metal parts and large size metal parts. Since the current is substantially passed from the metal powder during the sintering process, the sintering efficiency is high and energy is saved. In addition, the current control sintering process makes the control more precise, so that it is easier to control the properties of the metal parts obtained by sintering, and the metal parts with better performance can be obtained.
  • a further aspect of the present application provides a method for preparing a composite metal member by spark plasma sintering, the method comprising: uniformly mixing an amorphous metal powder and a fiber to obtain a mixture powder; and adding the mixture powder to a cavity of the discharge plasma sintering device; Applying pressure to the mixture powder in the cavity along the cavity by at least one of the first indenter and the second indenter; and directing the first indenter and the second indenter into the cavity as the first electrode and the second electrode, respectively
  • the powder of the mixture is applied with a pulse current to be sintered.
  • fibers that may be employed include, but are not limited to, carbon fibers, glass fibers, ceramic fibers, and metal fibers, and any combination thereof.
  • the above method of the present application can effectively improve the toughness of an amorphous metal member, and can be used for manufacturing a metal member having high bending strength and tensile strength.
  • Yet another aspect of the present application provides a composite metal member prepared by spark plasma sintering obtained by sintering an amorphous metal powder and fibers.
  • fibers that may be employed include, but are not limited to, carbon fibers, glass fibers, ceramic fibers, and metal fibers, and any combination thereof.
  • the composite metal part can be prepared by the following methods: Amorphous metal powder and fiber
  • the mixture of the dimension is added into the sintering chamber of the spark plasma sintering device, and the sintering chamber is formed by the cavity of the mold, the first indenter and the second indenter, wherein the inner surface of the cavity is an electrically insulating material; At least one of the indenter and the second indenter applies pressure to the mixture powder in the sintering chamber along the cavity; and the first indenter and the second indenter as the mixture powder of the first electrode and the second electrode respectively into the sintering chamber Apply a pulsed current.
  • Still another aspect of the present application provides an amorphous metal member prepared by spark plasma sintering, which is obtained by the following method: adding an amorphous metal powder to a sintering chamber of a discharge plasma sintering apparatus, the sintering chamber being molded by a mold Forming a cavity, a first indenter and a second indenter, wherein an inner surface of the cavity is an electrically insulating material; and at least one of the first indenter and the second indenter is amorphous along the cavity toward the sintering cavity
  • the metal powder applies a pressure; and the first indenter and the second indenter respectively apply a pulse current to the amorphous metal powder in the sintering chamber as the first electrode and the second electrode, respectively.
  • the amorphous metal powder is in an amorphous state, more preferably, at least 85% is in an amorphous state, more preferably, at least 90% is in an amorphous state, more preferably, at least 95% It is amorphous.
  • the amorphous metal powder is substantially in a nanocrystalline state unless the remainder of the crystalline state.
  • Amorphous metals such as amorphous alloys that anneal above the crystallization temperature or when cooled above the crystallization temperature, have a very small cooling rate, and the grain size is nanoscale, such as 10 to 30 nm. This crystalline material is called nanocrystals.
  • a still further aspect of the present application provides a discharge plasma sintering method, comprising: adding a metal powder into a sintering cavity of a spark plasma sintering apparatus; and using at least one of the first indenter and the second indenter to the metal powder in the sintering chamber Applying a pressure; and applying a pulse current to the metal powder in the sintering chamber as the first electrode and the second electrode, respectively, wherein the pulse current is substantially from the metal in the sintering chamber during the sintering process
  • the powder passes.
  • the spark plasma sintering apparatus performs sintering of the metal powder at 5 to 70 °C. More preferably, the spark plasma sintering apparatus performs sintering of the metal powder at room temperature.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a conventional discharge plasma sintering apparatus.
  • 2 is a schematic view showing a discharge plasma sintering apparatus in an embodiment of the present application.
  • 3 is a schematic view showing a discharge plasma sintering apparatus in still another embodiment of the present application.
  • 4 is a flow chart showing a method of spark plasma sintering in one embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a flow chart showing a method of spark plasma sintering in still another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 6 shows an XRD pattern of a Zr65Cul7.5A117.5M10 amorphous alloy powder in one embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 7 shows an XRD pattern of Fe75C4Mo4B4P10Si3 amorphous alloy powder in one embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a spark plasma sintering apparatus 200 in one embodiment of the present application.
  • the discharge plasma sintering apparatus 200 includes a mold 201, indenters 203 and 205, a vacuum chamber 207, and a power source 209.
  • the mold 201 is provided with a cavity 201a
  • the main body of the mold 201 is made of tungsten steel
  • the inner surface of the cavity 201a is combined with a mica layer 201b.
  • At least one of the indenters 203 and 205 is axially movable to apply pressure to the powder in the sintering chamber formed by the cavity 201a, the indenter 203, and the indenter 205.
  • the mold 201 is placed in the vacuum chamber 207 to prevent the mold 201, the indenters 203 and 205, and the powder from reacting with air during the high temperature and high pressure sintering.
  • the indenters 203 and 205 are respectively connected to the two poles of the power source 209 to apply a pulse current to the powder. Since the inner surface of the cavity 201a is compounded with a mica layer 201b, the currents introduced by the indenters 203 and 205 pass only the powder and do not flow through the mold 201. Therefore, only the powder is heated during the sintering process, and the mold 201 itself does not generate heat, so the temperature of the mold 201 itself is generally lower than the temperature of the powder during the sintering process.
  • the temperature of the mold 201 during sintering is only about 200 ° C. This reduces the need for mold materials, and can be used with general die steel and tungsten steel, which reduces costs compared to graphite and tungsten carbide.
  • the powder when the powder is sintered by the mold 201, the powder is sintered by its own heat rather than at least partially depending on the heat of the mold. Therefore, the uneven thickness of the profiled mold does not cause a large temperature distribution of the powder. influences.
  • the mold 201 can be formed into a profiled mold for sintering a profiled metal member.
  • the temperature of the mold 201 is low during the sintering process, the reaction between the mold and the impurities is reduced to some extent, so that the service life of the mold 201 is prolonged.
  • the current passes only through the powder during the sintering process, the mold 201 itself does not generate heat, and almost all of the current is used to sinter the powder, which saves energy in this respect and accelerates the sintering speed on the other hand. This is for big rules The industrial production of molds is of great significance.
  • the sintering speed is increased, the mold temperature is lowered, and the probability of the mold 201, the indenters 203 and 205, and the powder reacting with impurities is lowered.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a spark plasma sintering apparatus 300 in yet another embodiment of the present application.
  • the discharge plasma sintering apparatus 300 includes a mold 301, indenters 303 and 305, a vacuum chamber 307, and a power source 309. Among them, the mold 301 is provided with a cavity 301a, and the mold 301 is made of zirconia.
  • At least one of the indenters 303 and 305 is axially movable to apply pressure to the powder in the sintering chamber formed by the cavity 301a, the indenter 303, and the indenter 305.
  • the mold 301 is placed in the vacuum chamber 307 to prevent the mold 301, the indenters 303 and 305, and the powder from reacting with air during the high temperature and high pressure sintering.
  • the indenters 303 and 305 are respectively connected to the two poles of the power source 309 to apply a pulse current to the powder.
  • Mold 301 can also be fabricated from boron nitride and any suitable ceramic material.
  • Device 300 has similar advantages to device 200 as compared to existing spark plasma sintering devices.
  • the mold can be made of two or more different materials, taking full advantage of the properties of each layer of material to enhance the overall performance of the mold.
  • the cavity has a cylindrical cross section.
  • the method and apparatus of the present application can be used to sinter metal parts of any shape including, but not limited to, I-shaped, U-shaped, rectangular, E-shaped, concave, elliptical, circular, and the like.
  • the method and apparatus of the present application can be used to sinter any metal powder, preferably, for sintering amorphous metal powder.
  • 4 shows a flow chart of a spark plasma sintering method 400 in one embodiment of the present application.
  • a metal powder to be sintered is obtained.
  • the metal powder may be an amorphous metal powder, and the amorphous metal powder includes but is not limited to Zr 65 Cu 17. 5 Al 17. 5 Ni 10 , Ti 48 Ni 32 Cu 8 Si 8 Sn 4 , Fe 75 C4Mo4B 4 P 10 Si 3 , Zr 64 . 13 Cu 15 . 75 A 10 Ni 10 . 12 .
  • the amorphous metal powder can be sintered by discharge plasma to form an amorphous metal member, which has the advantages of high hardness and corrosion resistance.
  • the metal powder is placed in a mold cavity having an inner surface that is an insulating material.
  • pressure is applied to the metal powder in the mold cavity using at least one of the first indenter and the second indenter. Shi The applied pressure can be in the range of 60 to 2000 MPa.
  • the first indenter and the second indenter are used as the first electrode and the second electrode, respectively, to apply a pulsed current to the metal powder in the cavity.
  • a pulse current of 100-5000 A can be selected.
  • current can be used to control the sintering of the metal powder.
  • the magnitude of the pulse current can be selected according to the cross-sectional area of the cavity, for example, in cross-sectional area (mm 2 ) and current (A). The ratio is 1.0/0.7-5.0 to select the current size.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a flow chart of a spark plasma sintering method 500 in one embodiment of the present application.
  • the amorphous metal powder and the fibers are mixed to obtain a mixture powder.
  • Fibers include, but are not limited to, carbon fibers, glass fibers, ceramic fibers, metal fibers, and any combination thereof.
  • the amorphous metal powder and fibers can be uniformly mixed in the ball mill. The addition of fibers enhances the toughness and tensile strength of amorphous metal parts.
  • the mixture powder is placed in a mold cavity.
  • pressure is applied to the mixture powder in the mold cavity using at least one of the first indenter and the second indenter.
  • the applied pressure can be in the range of 60 to 2000 MPa.
  • the first indenter and the second indenter are used as the first electrode and the second electrode, respectively, to apply a pulsed current to the mixture of powders in the mold cavity.
  • a pulse current of 100-5000 A can be selected.
  • current can be used to control the sintering of the metal powder.
  • the magnitude of the pulse current can be selected according to the cross-sectional area of the cavity, for example, in cross-sectional area (mm 2 ) and current (A). The ratio is 1.0/0.7-5.0 to select the current size.
  • the power-on time can last from 1 to 60 minutes.
  • the metal piece is removed.
  • the amorphous alloy member fired by the spark plasma sintering apparatus and method of the present application may have an amorphization ratio of more than 90%, preferably, may be higher than 95%, more preferably, may be higher than 97%, more preferably , may be higher than 98%, more preferably, may be higher than 99%.
  • the material's compressive strength, toughness, surface hardness, corrosion resistance and other properties are comparable to those of copper mold cooling suction casting and die-casting amorphous alloys, and overcome the internal pores and internal stresses of amorphous materials produced by suction casting.
  • Such defects have also broken through the size limitation of manufacturing amorphous materials, and the formulation of low amorphous forming ability can be made into an amorphous material having a diameter of more than 10 mm, overcoming the size limitation of bulk amorphous.
  • High tensile strength fastening materials, exercise equipment and components such as Gore can be made using the applied apparatus and method Ball head, tennis racket, ice skate, snowboard, etc.
  • Weaponry and its components such as tank armor, bulletproof board, armor piercing warhead, etc., wear and corrosion resistant mechanical parts such as molds, gears, bearings, etc., wear resistance of mining machinery and oil drilling equipment Corrosion resistant parts, medical equipment such as artificial joints, artificial teeth, scalpels, etc.
  • Example 1 Zr65Cul7.5A117.5M10 amorphous alloy powder (particle size -200 to +450 mesh) (the XRD pattern thereof is shown in Fig. 6) was weighed and placed in a tungsten steel mold having an inner diameter of 10 mm. A layer of 0.2 mm mica is laminated in the mold cavity of the tungsten steel mold. Apply an axial pressure of 300 Mpa, and conduct a current of 1000 A for 2 minutes under vacuum conditions with a vacuum of better than 1 Pa, keep for 5 minutes, cool to 100 °C, remove the metal parts, and naturally cool to room temperature.
  • Example 2 Weigh Fe75C4Mo4B4P10Si3 amorphous alloy powder (particle size -300 mesh) (the XRD pattern is shown in Figure 7) 3 g, put into the mold cavity of "gong" tungsten steel mold with contact area of 10 mm 2 . A 0.2 mm mica layer is compounded in the mold cavity of the tungsten steel mold.
  • the short carbon fiber and the Fe75C4Mo4B4P10Si3 amorphous alloy powder (particle size -300 mesh) (the XRD pattern thereof are shown in Fig. 7) were uniformly mixed by a ball milling method at a volume ratio of 1 to 20%. Then, 3 g of the mixed powder was weighed into a tungsten steel mold having a cavity inner diameter of 10 mm. A 0.2 mm mica layer is laminated in the mold cavity of the tungsten steel mold. Applying an axial pressure of 600 Mpa, under a vacuum of 1 Pa, the current of 1200 A is turned on for 2 minutes, held for 5 minutes, and the metal is removed by cooling to 100 °C, and naturally cooled to room temperature.
  • the appearance of the material has excellent metallic luster, the density is 6.4 g/cm 3 , the structure is relatively regular, there is no obvious crystal lattice, the overall structure is dense, the carbon fiber is evenly distributed, the pores are few, and the morphology is good.
  • the crude compressive strength is 2400 MPa.

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Description

放电等离子烧结装置及方法
技术领域 本申请的一方面是有关一种放电等离子烧结装置。本申请的又一方面是有关一种放 电等离子烧结方法。 本申请的又一方面是有关一种制备非晶金属件的方法。 本申请的又 一方面是有关一种非晶金属件。 本申请的又一方面是有关一种制备复合金属件的方法。 本申请的又一方面是有关一种复合金属件。
背景技术 放电等离子烧结 (spark plasma sintering)是 20世纪 90年代出现的新技术。 这种方 法是对被加压的粉末颗粒间直接通入脉冲电流进行加热烧结。 具有升温速度快、烧结时 间短、 组织结构可控、 节能环保等优点。 放电等离子烧结可用于制备金属材料、 陶瓷材 料、 复合材料, 也可用于制备纳米块体材料、 非晶块体材料、 梯度材料等, 具有良好和 广阔的应用前景。 然而, 现有的放电等离子烧结装置和方法对模具材料要求高, 无法制作异型金属件 和尺寸较大的金属件, 并且能耗较高。 因此, 有必要开发一种新的放电等离子烧结装置 和方法。
发明内容 图 1展示了现有放电等离子烧结装置 100的示意图。放电等离子烧结装置 100包括 模具 101、 压头 103和 105、 真空腔 107以及电源 109。 其中, 压头 103和 105至少之一 是可沿轴向移动, 以向压头 103和 105之间的粉末 111施加压力。 模具 101处于真空腔 107内, 以防止在高温高压的烧结过程中, 模具 101、 压头 103和 105以及粉末 111与 空气发生反应。 压头 103和 105分别与电源 109的两极连接, 以对粉末 111施加脉冲电 流。 模具 101为一体成形, 一般由石墨或者碳化钨制成。 在烧结过程中, 由于未烧结的 粉末电阻较大,而模具本身电阻较小,通电初期流过模具的电流远大于流过粉末的电流, 因此, 模具的温度高于粉末的温度。 在烧结过程中, 模具把热量传递给粉末, 帮助其完 成烧结。 由以上可知,在现有的放电等离子烧结装置中,制作模具的材料不仅需要耐高压(可 能超过 100 MPa), 还需要耐高温 (可能超过 500°C)。 在这样的高温高压条件下, 一般 的金属已经失去强度, 因此, 可选择的材料很少, 几乎仅限于石墨和碳化钨。 本申请的发明人发现现有的放电等离子烧结装置和方法存在以下不足:
(1)模具材料选择范围小, 制作模具成本较高。
(2) 由于依赖模具回传的热量完成烧结, 模具壁厚的差异可能导致模具内粉末温度 分布不均匀。 由于放电等离子烧结是利用非晶金属的过冷区间把非晶金属粉末 烧结成型, 而这个区间很小 (例如 5〜10 °C), 如果温度漂移过大, 就可能导致 烧结不密实或者非晶金属晶化, 从而影响金属件的性能。 因此, 利用现有的放 电等离子烧结技术无法制作异型金属件和大尺寸金属件。
(3)现有的放电等离子烧结方法在烧结过程中监控模具温度, 并利用模具温度控制 电流大小, 从而反过来控制模具内金属粉末的温度。 然而, 因为模具和粉末之 间存在温差, 由模具温度控制烧结不够精确, 容易导致非晶粉温度过高, 从而 造成粉末晶化。
(4) 由于通电过程中模具大量发热, 一方面降低了模具的耐久度, 一方面提高了对 真空度的要求, 一方面浪费了大量能源。 基于以上发现, 本申请的发明人经过不断的研究和实验, 发明了以下内容。 本申请的一方面提供了一种放电等离子烧结装置, 其包括模具、 第一压头以及第二 压头。 第一压头为第一电极, 第二压头为第二电极。 模具设有模腔, 模腔、 第一压头以 及第二压头包围形成封闭的烧结腔。 第一压头和第二压头至少之一能够沿模腔运动, 以 向烧结腔内的粉末施加压力。 其中, 模腔内表面由电绝缘材料制成。 在一些实施方式中, 放电等离子烧结装置还包括真空腔, 模具是置于真空腔内。 在一些实施方式中, 模具主体是由金属制成, 模腔内复合一层电绝缘材料。 可以用 于制作模具主体的金属包括但不限于各种热模具钢以及钨钢。可采用耐高温耐高压的电 绝缘材料, 包括但不限于云母、 氮化硼、 石英及各种适用的陶瓷材料, 如氧化锆。 在一些实施方式中, 可以采用物理气相沉积法在模腔内表面形成绝缘层。 在一些实施方式中, 模具的主体是由耐高温耐高压的电绝缘材料制成, 其耐受烧结 过程中的温度和压力, 例如, 其可以是耐温 300〜1800 °C, 耐压 100〜2000 MPa的电绝缘 材料, 包括但不限于氮化硼、 石英及各种适用的陶瓷材料, 如氧化锆。 在一些实施方式中, 第一压头和第二压头由金属一体制成。 本申请的又一方面提供了一种放电等离子烧结方法, 该方法包括: 把金属粉末加入 放电等离子烧结装置的烧结腔内, 该烧结腔由模具的模腔、 第一压头及第二压头包围形 成, 其中, 该模腔的内表面为电绝缘材料; 利用第一压头和第二压头至少之一沿模腔向 烧结腔内的金属粉末施加压力; 以及把第一压头和第二压头分别作为第一电极和第二电 极向模腔内的金属粉末施加脉冲电流, 使其烧结成型。 在一些实施方式中, 脉冲电流大小可以是 100 A〜5000 A。 在一些实施方式中, 脉冲电流 (A) 与模腔横截面积 (mm2) 的比率是 0.7〜5.0/1.0。 在一些实施方式中, 脉冲电流的频率可以是 l〜40000 Hz, 比如 1 Ηζ、 2 Hz、 5 Hz、 10 Hz、 50 Hz、 100 Hz、 200 Hz、 300 Hz、 500 Hz、 1000 Hz、 2000 Hz、 3000 Hz、 10000 Hz、 20000 Hz、 40000 Hz等。 更优选地, 可以是 1〜200 Hz或 300 Hz。 在一些实施方式中, 横截面积是与电流方向垂直的横截面的面积。 在一些实施方式中, 压力大小可以是 50 MPa〜2000 MPa, 比如 60 MPa、 150 MPA、 300 MPa 500 MPa、 600 MPa、 800 MPa、 1000 MPa、 1500 MPa、 2000 MPa等。 在一些实施方式中, 施加脉冲电流的时间可以为 1〜60分钟, 优选的, 2〜15分钟, 更优选的, 3〜5分钟。 在一些实施方式中, 金属粉末可以是任何含有金属的粉末, 比如锆、 铁、 钛、 铜、 邬、 钯、 铂、 铑、 钽、 钌、 钴、 镍、 锌、 铈、 镨、 钕、 钐、 铕、 钆、 铽、 镝、 钬、 铒、 镱、 镥、 镓、 锗、 铝、 锰等。 在一些实施方式中, 金属粉末可以包括纯金属粉末、 含有 金属元素的化合物的粉末、 不含金属元素的化合物的粉末及其混合物。 含有金属元素的 化合物的粉末的例子包括但不限于 SrCl2、 ZrCl2 MoCl2以及 TiCl4。 在一些实施方式中, 金属粉末可以是非晶状态。 在一些实施方式中, 金属粉末也可以是复合金属粉末, 比如含有金属的粉末和纤维 的混合物, 这些纤维包括但不限于碳纤维、 玻璃纤维、 陶瓷纤维以及金属纤维, 及其任 意组合。 本申请的放电等离子烧结装置及方法具有以下优势:烧结过程中电流基本不通过模 具主体, 因此在烧结过程中模具主体的温度相对较低, 从而降低了对模具材料的要求, 可选用一般模具钢, 以降低成本。 由于烧结过程中模具本身温度相对较低, 模具内金属 粉末不依靠模具主体回传温度来完成烧结, 因此模具壁厚的不同不会对模具内金属粉末 的温度分布造成明显的影响, 从而可用于制造异型金属件和大尺寸金属件。 因为在烧结 过程中电流基本从金属粉末通过, 使得烧结效率高并且节能。 另外, 以电流控制烧结过 程, 使得控制更为精确, 从而更易控制烧结获得的金属件性能, 能够获得性能更佳的金 属件。 本申请的又一方面提供了一种用放电等离子烧结制备复合金属件的方法,该方法包 括: 均匀混合非晶金属粉末和纤维获得混合物粉末; 把混合物粉末加入放电等离子烧结 装置的模腔内;利用第一压头和第二压头至少之一沿模腔向模腔内的混合物粉末施加压 力; 以及把第一压头和第二压头分别作为第一电极和第二电极向模腔内的混合物粉末施 加脉冲电流, 使其烧结成型。 在一些实施方式中, 可以采用的纤维包括但不限于碳纤维、 玻璃纤维、 陶瓷纤维和 金属纤维, 及其任意组合。 本申请的上述方法可有效提高非晶金属件的韧性, 可用于制造高抗弯强度, 抗拉强 度的金属件。 本申请的又一方面提供了一种利用放电等离子烧结制备的复合金属件,该复合金属 件由非晶金属粉末以及纤维烧结获得。 在一些实施方式中, 可以采用的纤维包括但不限于碳纤维、 玻璃纤维、 陶瓷纤维和 金属纤维, 及其任意组合。 在一些实施方式中, 可以采用以下方法制备所述复合金属件: 把非晶金属粉末和纤 维的混合物加入放电等离子烧结装置的烧结腔内, 该烧结腔由模具的模腔、 第一压头及 第二压头包围形成, 其中, 该模腔的内表面为电绝缘材料; 利用第一压头和第二压头至 少之一沿模腔向烧结腔内的混合物粉末施加压力; 以及把第一压头和第二压头分别作为 第一电极和第二电极向烧结腔内的混合物粉末施加脉冲电流。 本申请的又一方面提供了一种利用放电等离子烧结制备的非晶金属件,它由以下方 法制备获得: 把非晶金属粉末加入放电等离子烧结装置的烧结腔内, 该烧结腔由模具的 模腔、 第一压头及第二压头包围形成, 其中, 该模腔的内表面为电绝缘材料; 利用第一 压头和第二压头至少之一沿模腔向烧结腔内的非晶金属粉末施加压力; 以及把第一压头 和第二压头分别作为第一电极和第二电极向烧结腔内的非晶金属粉末施加脉冲电流。 在一些实施方式中, 非晶金属粉末的至少 80%为非晶状态, 更优选地, 至少 85%为 非晶状态, 更优选地, 至少 90%为非晶状态, 更优选地, 至少 95%为非晶状态。 在一些 实施方式中, 非晶金属粉末除非晶状态的部分外的其余部分基本上为纳米晶状态。 非晶 金属, 比如非晶合金在晶化温度以上退火时或者在晶化温度以上降温时冷却速率过小会 形成非常细小的晶粒组织, 晶粒尺寸为纳米级, 比如 10〜30纳米。 这种晶态材料称为纳 米晶。 本申请的又一方面提供了一种放电等离子烧结方法, 其包括: 把金属粉末加入放电 等离子烧结装置的烧结腔内;利用第一压头和第二压头至少之一向烧结腔内的金属粉末 施加压力; 以及把第一压头和第二压头分别作为第一电极和第二电极向烧结腔内的金属 粉末施加脉冲电流, 其中, 在烧结过程中, 脉冲电流基本从烧结腔内的金属粉末通过。 在一些实施方式中, 放电等离子烧结装置是处于 5〜70 °C下进行金属粉末的烧结。 更优选的, 放电等离子烧结装置是处于室温下进行金属粉末的烧结。
附图说明 图 1展示了现有放电等离子烧结装置的示意图。 图 2展示了本申请一个实施例中放电等离子烧结装置的示意图。 图 3展示了本申请又一实施例中放电等离子烧结装置的示意图。 图 4展示了本申请一个实施例中放电等离子烧结方法的流程图。 图 5展示了本申请又一实施例中放电等离子烧结方法的流程图。 图 6展示了本申请一个实施例中 Zr65Cul7.5A117.5M10非晶合金粉末的 XRD图谱。 图 7展示了本申请一个实施例中 Fe75C4Mo4B4P10Si3非晶合金粉末的 XRD图谱。
具体实施方式 图 2展示了本申请一个实施例中放电等离子烧结装置 200的示意图。放电等离子烧 结装置 200包括模具 201、 压头 203和 205、 真空腔 207以及电源 209。 其中, 模具 201 设有模腔 201a, 模具 201主体以钨钢制成, 模腔 201a内表面复合一层云母层 201b。 压 头 203和 205至少之一是可沿轴向移动, 以向由模腔 201a、压头 203及压头 205包围形 成的烧结腔内的粉末施加压力。 模具 201置于真空腔 207内, 以防止在高温高压的烧结 过程中, 模具 201、 压头 203和 205以及粉末与空气发生反应。 压头 203和 205分别与 电源 209的两极连接, 以向粉末施加脉冲电流。 由于模腔 201a内表面复合一层云母层 201b, 压头 203和 205引入的电流仅通过粉 末, 而不流经模具 201。 因此, 在烧结过程中只有粉末发热, 模具 201本身不发热, 故 在烧结过程中, 模具 201本身的温度一般低于粉末的温度。 若以烧结温度 400 °C, 烧结时间 3分钟为例, 烧结过程中模具 201的温度只有大约 200 °C。 这降低了对模具材料的要求, 可以选用一般的模具钢和钨钢, 相比于石墨和碳 化钨, 降低了成本。 在又一方面, 利用模具 201烧结粉末时, 粉末是靠本身的发热完成烧结, 而不是至 少部分地依赖模具的发热, 因此, 异型模具的壁厚不均不会对粉末的温度分布造成大的 影响。 这样, 模具 201可以被做成异型模具, 用于烧结异型金属件。 在又一方面, 由于在烧结过程中, 模具 201的温度较低, 在一定程度上减少了模具 与杂质间的反应, 使得模具 201的使用寿命得到延长。 在又一方面, 由于在烧结过程中, 电流只通过粉末, 模具 201本身不发热, 几乎所 有电流都用于烧结粉末, 这一方面节省了能源, 另一方面加快了烧结速度。 这对于大规 模工业化生产意义极大。 在又一方面, 由于烧结速度加快, 模具温度降低, 降低了模具 201、压头 203和 205 以及粉末与杂质反应的几率。 与现有烧结装置相比, 这使得在相同的真空度下利用本申 请的烧结装置烧结粉末获得的金属件的性能更好, 并使得烧结装置的耐久度更高。 图 3展示了本申请又一实施例中放电等离子烧结装置 300的示意图。放电等离子烧 结装置 300包括模具 301、 压头 303和 305、 真空腔 307以及电源 309。 其中, 模具 301 设有模腔 301a, 模具 301以氧化锆制成。压头 303和 305至少之一是可沿轴向移动, 以 向由模腔 301a、 压头 303及压头 305包围形成的烧结腔内的粉末施加压力。 模具 301 置于真空腔 307内, 以防止在高温高压的烧结过程中, 模具 301、 压头 303和 305以及 粉末与空气发生反应。 压头 303和 305分别与电源 309的两极连接, 以向粉末施加脉冲 电流。 模具 301还可以用氮化硼以及任何合适的陶瓷材料制作。 与现有的放电等离子烧结装置相比, 装置 300具有与装置 200相似的优势。 在又一些实施方式中, 模具可以两层以上不同材料制作, 充分利用每一层材料的特 性, 以增强模具的总体性能。 为便于说明, 以上例子中, 模腔的横截面均为圆柱形。 但由以上可知, 本申请的方 法和装置可用于烧结任何形状的金属件, 包括但不限于工字形、 U字形、 长方形、 E字 形、 凹字形、 椭圆形、 环形等。 本申请的方法和装置可用于烧结任何金属粉末, 优选的, 用于烧结非晶金属粉末。 图 4展示了本申请一个实施例中放电等离子烧结方法 400的流程图。 在框 401中, 获取要烧结的金属粉末。 其中, 金属粉末可以是非晶金属粉末, 非晶金属粉末包括但不 限于 Zr65Cu17.5Al17.5Ni10、 Ti48Ni32Cu8Si8Sn4、 Fe75C4Mo4B4P10Si3、 Zr64.13Cu15.75A10Ni10.12。 可以把非晶金属粉末通过放电等离子烧结制成非晶金属件, 其具有硬度高、 耐腐蚀等优 点。 在框 403中, 把金属粉末置于内表面为绝缘材料的模腔内。 在框 405中, 利用第一压头和第二压头至少之一向模腔内的金属粉末施加压力。施 加的压力可以在 60〜2000 MPa的范围内。 在框 407中,把第一压头和第二压头分别作为第一电极和第二电极向模腔内的金属 粉末施加脉冲电流。 在一些实施方式中, 可以选择 100-5000A的脉冲电流。 在一些实施 方式中, 可以用电流来控制金属粉末的烧结, 例如, 脉冲电流的大小可以根据模腔横截 面积的大小来选择, 例如, 以横截面积 (mm2) 和电流 (A) 的比率 1.0/0.7-5.0来选择 电流大小。 通电时间可以持续 1〜60分钟。 在框 409中, 取出金属件。 图 5展示了本申请一个实施例中放电等离子烧结方法 500的流程图。 在框 501中, 混合非晶金属粉末和纤维获得混合物粉末。 纤维包括但不限于碳纤维、 玻璃纤维、 陶瓷 纤维、 金属纤维及其任意组合。 可以在球磨中均匀混合非晶金属粉末和纤维。 纤维的加 入, 可以增强非晶金属件的韧性和拉伸强度。 在框 503中, 把混合物粉末置于模腔内。 在框 505中, 利用第一压头和第二压头至少之一向模腔内的混合物粉末施加压力。 施加的压力可以在 60〜2000 MPa的范围内。 在框 507中,把第一压头和第二压头分别作为第一电极和第二电极向模腔内的混合 物粉末施加脉冲电流。 在一些实施方式中, 可以选择 100-5000A的脉冲电流。 在一些实 施方式中, 可以用电流来控制金属粉末的烧结, 例如, 脉冲电流的大小可以根据模腔横 截面积的大小来选择, 例如, 以横截面积 (mm2) 和电流 (A) 的比率 1.0/0.7-5.0来选 择电流大小。 通电时间可以持续 1〜60分钟。 在框 509中, 取出金属件。 利用本申请的放电等离子烧结装置和方法烧制的非晶合金件, 非晶化率可以高于 90%, 优选的, 可以高于 95%, 更优选的, 可以高于 97%, 更优选的, 可以高于 98%, 更优选的, 可以高于 99%。 材料的压缩强度, 韧性, 表面硬度, 耐腐蚀等性能, 与铜模 冷却吸铸法和压铸制得的非晶合金的性能相当, 并且克服了吸铸法制造非晶材料的内部 气孔和内应力等缺陷, 也突破了制造非晶材料的尺寸限制, 可以将低非晶形成能力的配 方制成直径超过 10 mm的非晶材料, 克服了块体非晶的尺寸限制。 可以利用申请的装置和方法制作高拉伸强度的紧固材料,运动器械及其部件如高尔 夫球头、 网球拍、 冰刀、 滑雪板等, 武器装备及其部件如坦克装甲、 防弹板、 穿甲弹头 等, 耐磨耐腐蚀机械部件如模具、 齿轮、 轴承等, 矿山机械和石油钻探设备的耐磨耐腐 蚀件, 医疗器械如人造关节、 人造牙齿、 手术刀等。 实施例 1 称取 Zr65Cul7.5A117.5M10非晶合金粉末 (颗粒尺寸为 -200〜+450目) (其 XRD图 谱如图 6所示) 3克,放入内径为 10 mm的钨钢模具中。钨钢模具模腔内复合一层 0.2 mm 云母层。 施加 300 Mpa的轴向压力, 在真空度优于 lPa的真空条件下, 导通 1000 A的 电流 2分钟, 保温 5分钟, 冷却到 100 °C取出金属件, 自然冷却至室温。 材料外观具有优良的金属光泽, 密度为 6.34 g/cm3, 组织比较规则, 无明显晶格, 整体结构致密, 分布均匀, 孔隙很少, 具有良好的形貌。 粗测抗压强度为 800 MPa。 实施例 2 称取 Fe75C4Mo4B4P10Si3非晶合金粉末 (颗粒尺寸为 -300目) (其 XRD图谱如图 7所示) 3克, 放入接触面积为 10 mm2的"工"字钨钢模具模腔内。 钨钢模具模腔内复合 了一层 0.2 mm云母层。 施加 600 Mpa的轴向压力, 在真空度优于 lPa的真空条件下, 导通 1200 A的电流 2分钟, 保温 5分钟, 随炉冷却到 100 °C取出金属件, 自然冷却至 室温。 材料外观具有优良的金属光泽, 密度为 6.7 g/cm3, 组织比较规则, 无明显晶格, 整 体结构致密, 分布均匀, 孔隙很少, 具有良好的形貌。 粗测抗压强度为 1700 MPa。 实施例 3 把碳纤维切成长度为 0.5〜5 mm。把切短后的碳纤维和 Fe75C4Mo4B4P10Si3非晶合 金粉末(颗粒尺寸为 -300目)(其 XRD图谱如图 7所示)按 1-20%的体积比, 用球磨法 进行均匀混合。 然后称取 3克混合粉末放入模腔内径为 10 mm的钨钢模具中。 钨钢模 具模腔内复合一层 0.2 mm云母层。 施加 600 Mpa轴向压力, 在真空度优于 1 Pa的真空 条件下, 导通 1200 A的电流 2分钟, 保温 5分钟, 随炉冷却到 100 °C取出金属件, 自 然冷却至室温。 材料外观具有优良的金属光泽, 密度为 6.4 g/cm3, 组织比较规则, 无明显晶格, 整 体结构致密, 碳纤维分布均匀, 孔隙很少, 具有良好的形貌。 粗测抗压强度 2400 MPa。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种放电等离子烧结装置, 其包括模具、 第一压头以及第二压头, 其中, 所述第一 压头为第一电极, 所述第二压头为第二电极, 所述模具设有模腔, 所述模腔、 第一 压头以及第二压头包围形成封闭的烧结腔, 所述第一压头和第二压头至少之一能够 沿所述模腔运动, 其特征在于, 所述模腔内表面为电绝缘材料。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的放电等离子烧结装置, 其特征在于, 它还包括真空腔, 所述模 具置于真空腔内。
3. 如权利要求 1所述的放电等离子烧结装置, 其特征在于, 所述模具的主体是由金属 制成, 所述模腔内复合一层电绝缘材料。
4. 如权利要求 3所述的放电等离子烧结装置, 其特征在于, 所述模具的主体是由热模 具钢和钨钢之一制成。
5. 如权利要求 3 所述的放电等离子烧结装置, 其特征在于, 所述 E 材料为耐温 300-1800 °C, 耐压 100〜2000 MPa的电绝缘材料。
6. 如权利要求 3所述的放电等离子烧结装置, 其特征在于, 所述电绝缘材料为云母、 氮化硼、 石英及陶瓷之一。
7. 一种放电等离子烧结方法, 该方法包括: 把金属粉末加入放电等离子烧结装置的烧 结腔内, 该烧结腔由模具的模腔、 第一压头及第二压头包围形成, 其中, 该模腔的 内表面为电绝缘材料; 利用所述第一压头和第二压头至少之一沿所述模腔向所述烧 结腔内的金属粉末施加压力; 以及把所述第一压头和第二压头分别作为第一电极和 第二电极向所述烧结腔内的金属粉末施加脉冲电流。
8. 如权利要求 7所述的放电等离子烧结方法, 其特征在于, 所述脉冲电流(A)与所述 模腔横截面积 (mm2) 的比率是 0.7〜5.0/1.0。
9. 如权利要求 7所述的放电等离子烧结方法, 其特征在于, 所述压力范围是 60〜2000 MPa。
10.如权利要求 7所述的放电等离子烧结方法, 其特征在于, 施加脉冲电流 2〜60分钟。
11.如权利要求 7所述的放电等离子烧结方法, 其特征在于, 所述金属粉末是非晶金属 粉末。 如权利要求 7所述的放电等离子烧结方法, 其特征在于, 所述金属粉末是非晶金属 粉末和铜粉或钨粉的混合粉末。 如权利要求 11或 12所述的放电等离子烧结方法, 其特征在于, 所述非晶金属粉末 的至少 80%为非晶状态。 如权利要求 13所述的放电等离子烧结方法, 其特征在于, 所述非晶金属粉末的其余 部分基本上为纳米晶状态。 如权利要求 7所述的放电等离子烧结方法, 其特征在于, 在常温下进行放电等离子 烧结。 —种用放电等离子烧结制备非晶金属件的方法, 该方法包括: 均匀混合非晶金属粉 末和纤维获得混合物粉末; 把所述混合物粉末加入放电等离子烧结装置的模腔内; 利用第一压头和第二压头至少之一沿所述模腔向所述模腔内的混合物粉末施加压 力; 以及把所述第一压头和第二压头分别作为第一电极和第二电极向所述模腔内的 混合物粉末施加脉冲电流。 如权利要求 16所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述纤维是碳纤维、 玻璃纤维、 陶瓷纤维 以及金属纤维之一或组合。 如权利要求 16所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述脉冲电流 (A) 与所述模腔横截面积
(mm2) 的比率是 0.7〜5.0/1.0。 如权利要求 16所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述压力范围是 60〜2000 MPa。 如权利要求 16所述的方法, 其特征在于, 施加脉冲电流 2〜60分钟。 如权利要求 16所述的方法,其特征在于,所述非晶金属粉末的至少 80%为非晶状态。 如权利要求 21所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述非晶金属粉末的其余部分基本上为纳 米晶状态。 如权利要求 16所述的方法, 其特征在于, 在常温下进行放电等离子烧结。 —种利用放电等离子烧结制备的复合金属件, 其特征在于, 该复合金属件由非晶金 属粉末以及纤维烧结制成。
25.如权利要求 24所述的复合金属件, 其特征在于, 所述纤维是碳纤维、 玻璃纤维、 陶 瓷纤维以及金属纤维之一或组合。
26.如权利要求 24所述的复合金属件, 其特征在于, 所述非晶金属粉末的至少 80%为非 晶状态。
27.如权利要求 26所述的复合金属件, 其特征在于, 所述非晶金属粉末的其余部分基本 上为纳米晶状态。
28.如权利要求 24所述的复合金属件, 其特征在于, 所述复合金属件是用放电等离子烧 结法烧结制成。
29.—种利用放电等离子烧结制备的非晶金属件, 其特征在于, 它由以下方法制备获得: 把非晶金属粉末加入放电等离子烧结装置的烧结腔内, 该烧结腔由模具的模腔、 第 一压头及第二压头包围形成, 其中, 该模腔的内表面为电绝缘材料; 利用第一压头和第二压头至少之一沿所述模腔向所述烧结腔内的非晶金属粉末施 加压力; 以及把所述第一压头和第二压头分别作为第一电极和第二电极向所述烧结腔内的 非晶金属粉末施加脉冲电流。
30.如权利要求 29所述的非晶金属件, 其特征在于, 所述非晶金属粉末的至少 80%为非 晶状态。
31.如权利要求 30所述的非晶金属件, 其特征在于, 所述非晶金属粉末的其余部分基本 上为纳米晶状态。
32.—种放电等离子烧结方法, 包括: 把金属粉末加入放电等离子烧结装置的烧结腔内; 利用第一压头和第二压头至少之一向所述烧结腔内的金属粉末施加压力; 以及把所 述第一压头和第二压头分别作为第一电极和第二电极向所述烧结腔内的金属粉末施 加脉冲电流, 其特征在于, 在烧结过程中, 所述脉冲电流基本从所述烧结腔内的金 属粉末通过。
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CN104645597A (zh) * 2015-02-11 2015-05-27 东莞台一盈拓科技股份有限公司 一种非晶合金冰刀及冰刀鞋及其制造方法
CN104651759A (zh) * 2015-02-11 2015-05-27 东莞台一盈拓科技股份有限公司 一种非晶合金标志牌及其制造方法
CN105458229A (zh) * 2015-11-20 2016-04-06 燕山大学 一种ZrTiAlV合金半熔融态压缩处理方法
CN106513678A (zh) * 2016-11-29 2017-03-22 河南科技大学 粉末烧结成型方法及成型模具
CN107282927A (zh) * 2016-04-12 2017-10-24 海南大学 一种用于压力烧结的模具
RU2704777C2 (ru) * 2017-11-27 2019-10-30 Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки "Дагестанский федеральный исследовательский центр Российской академии наук" Способ изготовления керамических изделий из порошка
US11511368B2 (en) * 2017-11-28 2022-11-29 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Electrically conductive tip member and method for producing the same

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CN104645597A (zh) * 2015-02-11 2015-05-27 东莞台一盈拓科技股份有限公司 一种非晶合金冰刀及冰刀鞋及其制造方法
CN104651759A (zh) * 2015-02-11 2015-05-27 东莞台一盈拓科技股份有限公司 一种非晶合金标志牌及其制造方法
CN104645597B (zh) * 2015-02-11 2017-03-01 东莞帕姆蒂昊宇液态金属有限公司 一种非晶合金冰刀及冰刀鞋及其制造方法
CN105458229A (zh) * 2015-11-20 2016-04-06 燕山大学 一种ZrTiAlV合金半熔融态压缩处理方法
CN105458229B (zh) * 2015-11-20 2018-01-23 燕山大学 一种ZrTiAlV合金半熔融态压缩处理方法
CN107282927A (zh) * 2016-04-12 2017-10-24 海南大学 一种用于压力烧结的模具
CN107282927B (zh) * 2016-04-12 2019-09-06 海南大学 一种用于压力烧结的模具
CN106513678A (zh) * 2016-11-29 2017-03-22 河南科技大学 粉末烧结成型方法及成型模具
RU2704777C2 (ru) * 2017-11-27 2019-10-30 Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки "Дагестанский федеральный исследовательский центр Российской академии наук" Способ изготовления керамических изделий из порошка
US11511368B2 (en) * 2017-11-28 2022-11-29 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Electrically conductive tip member and method for producing the same

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