WO2012083884A1 - 红色诺卡氏菌细胞壁骨架增强树突状细胞功能的方法 - Google Patents

红色诺卡氏菌细胞壁骨架增强树突状细胞功能的方法 Download PDF

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WO2012083884A1
WO2012083884A1 PCT/CN2011/084582 CN2011084582W WO2012083884A1 WO 2012083884 A1 WO2012083884 A1 WO 2012083884A1 CN 2011084582 W CN2011084582 W CN 2011084582W WO 2012083884 A1 WO2012083884 A1 WO 2012083884A1
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cells
dendritic cells
function
wall skeleton
nocardia
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PCT/CN2011/084582
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张策
张轶
洪晓明
张红阳
张紫真
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辽宁纳可佳生物制药有限公司
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Priority to CN2011800618259A priority Critical patent/CN103269705A/zh
Publication of WO2012083884A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012083884A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K35/00Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
    • A61K35/66Microorganisms or materials therefrom
    • A61K35/74Bacteria
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02Immunomodulators

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  • the invention relates to the field of immunotherapy.
  • the invention relates to a method of immunomodulation of the cell wall skeleton of Nocardia erythraea. Background technique
  • the Nocardia cell wall skeleton acts as an immunomodulator to effectively mobilize and activate dendritic cells.
  • the dendritic cells are full-time antigen-presenting cells in the body's immune system and are key cells for initiating body-specific immunity. .
  • dendritic cells are a very important immune signaling cell. They play a full-time immune signaling role for the initiation of a specific immune system. In specific immunity, tau cells are important immune cells that target pathogens. However, the activation of T cells must be dependent on the immune signaling of dendritic cells, so dendritic cells are key cells in the immune system and are related to the success or failure of the body-specific immune function.
  • the cause of many diseases in the clinic is that the body's immune function is low, and immunity
  • the low function is related to the inability of the immune system to function properly, and the immune system fails to exert cellular immunity and is associated with the inability of dendritic cells to function normally.
  • the signal of the pathogen cannot be effectively transmitted to the tau cells through the dendritic cells, thus causing the T cells to be activated and function.
  • Tumors in the body mainly rely on the scavenging effect of tau lymphocytes to effectively control the development of tumors. Therefore, it can be said that the occurrence and development of tumors in the clinic is related to the normal function of dendritic cells in the body's immune system.
  • the key to clinically preventing tumorigenesis and controlling tumor development is whether there is a way to mobilize and activate the function of dendritic cells, which has become a clinical focus.
  • Immunotherapy against tumors is the fourth new method of treating tumors after surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Immunotherapy of tumors is a hot topic in current research. Dendritic cells are associated with the occurrence and development of tumors. If dendritic cells are deficient or inferior in patients, they cannot effectively present tumor antigens and cannot activate specific immune T cells. It leads to immune incompetence and immune tolerance, allowing tumors to develop and develop.
  • dendritic cells cannot effectively present antigens, and it is a key link to effectively initiate specific immunity.
  • people mainly adopt the method of developing dendritic cell vaccine to solve the problem of dendritic cell function weakening.
  • T cells activated by dendritic cells play a leading role in anti-tumor immunity.
  • Dendritic cell-based immunotherapy will become one of the main means of anti-tumor treatment in the future.
  • the main research direction in this field is to find an anti-tumor dendritic cell vaccine that can be used in vitro and in vivo, compatible, safer and more efficient. Contrast with the fiery development of vaccines; no specific drugs can be used to mobilize and activate dendritic cells.
  • Dendritic cell tumor vaccines have shown broad clinical application prospects and will be a promising and useful anti-tumor strategy.
  • the dendritic cell anti-tumor vaccine currently under study is far from what people expect, and is still in clinical trials, mainly for many important molecular immune mechanisms such as treatment of immune escape, immune tolerance, cells.
  • CTL toxic T cell
  • the dendritic cell vaccine has not yet reached the ideal requirements, and is still in the clinical trial stage.
  • the development of dendritic cell vaccine is still immature. Summary of the invention
  • the inventors found that the cell wall skeleton of Nocardia erythraea as a biological agent can effectively mobilize and activate dendritic cells, which are full-time presenting cells in the body's immune system, dendrites. Whether or not the cells are activated is very important for initiating body-specific immunity. Therefore, the results of this experiment can show that: the Nocardia cell wall skeleton activates and mobilizes dendritic cells, which facilitates dendritic cells to detect and recognize pathogenic antigens and treat them, thereby facilitating the activation of tau cells and enabling the human body. Specific immunity is more likely to be activated efficiently.
  • the experimental results of the present invention indicate that the cell wall skeleton of Nocardia erythraea can significantly increase the density of dendritic cells and rapidly improve the morphology and function of dendritic cells, so that dendritic cells are activated.
  • the Nocardia cell wall skeleton acts on the human body, it can effectively activate and strengthen the function of dendritic cells, thereby facilitating the mobilization of specific immune functions of the human body, making the tau cells easy to be activated, promoting the activation of the cellular immune system, and causing human body specificity.
  • Sexual immunity against tumor immune response is provided.
  • the Nocardia cell wall skeleton corrects the body's immune deficiency, initiates the patient's own specific tumor killing mechanism, and relies on activating its own immune function to clear the tumor cells.
  • one aspect of the invention relates to the use of a Nocardia erythraea cell wall skeleton for the preparation of an immunological preparation for modulating the function of a mammalian dendritic cell, wherein said modulation comprises Nocardia red cell wall skeleton activation, mobilization and Enhances the function of dendritic cells in mammalian bodies.
  • Mammals of the invention include humans.
  • dendritic cell hypofunction treated by the Nocardia cell wall skeleton of the present invention.
  • the dendritic cells may be Langerhans cells.
  • an effective amount of the immunological preparation to be used can be determined by a person skilled in the art as needed, for example, the dose of the desired immunological preparation can be 5 ug to 1200 ug.
  • the immunological preparation can be administered by in vivo, subcutaneous or contact routes, preferably in contact with the skin and/or mucosa.
  • the immunological preparation may comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient Any suitable carrier or excipient known to those skilled in the art can be used in the present invention.
  • excipients that can be used include lyophilized dosage forms, cream formulations or liniments.
  • the invention also relates to a method of modulating the function of a mammalian dendritic cell comprising directly administering to a mammal an effective dose of a Nocardia erythraea cell wall skeleton, wherein said modulation comprises a Nocardia red cell wall skeleton activation, mobilization And enhance the function of dendritic cells in mammalian bodies.
  • the content of the present invention relates to the following aspects:
  • the enhancement of dendritic cell function is manifested in the increase of the density of dendritic cells and the change of the morphology of dendritic cells into an activated state;
  • the drug is microgram-level, safe and reliable
  • the micro-component of the cell wall skeleton of Nocardia erythraea can rapidly and effectively activate dendritic cells after several hours, and the drug response is rapid after administration;
  • the Nocardia red cell wall skeleton appropriate components in the body process, the body is non-toxic side effects, showing good safety;
  • Nocardia red cell wall skeleton is easy to use and convenient for clinical use.
  • Figure 1 Langerhans cell staining. a is 288x and b is 1152 ⁇ .
  • Figure 2 Langerhans cell diagram of mice in the Nacojia group and control mice in dextran.
  • Figure 3 A line graph of the effects of the Nacojia and dextran groups on mouse LC cells in the ear.
  • Figure 4 Expression of S100, CDla, and HLA-DR in biopsy tissues after normal human cervical biopsy, cervical inflammatory biopsy, and cervical inflammation. detailed description
  • Drugs Nocardia cell wall skeleton (Nacojia), Source: Liaoning Nacojia Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Approval No.: National Pharmaceutical Standard S20030009.
  • Mouse ABC kit l/4kit, Beijing Zhongshan Jinqiao Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (US VECTOR).
  • Rat anti-human HLA-DR 0.25 ml, number MCA71R, produced by serotec.
  • AEC enzyme substrate kit 2ml, number zli-9036, batch number K106718A, valid period 08/2011, Beijing Zhongshan Jinqiao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
  • PBS buffer 2000ml/bag, Beijing Zhongshan Jinqiao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
  • GVA sealing tablets 5ml, number zli-9051, batch number P92304H, valid period 07/2011, Beijing Zhongshan Jinqiao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
  • the verification idea of the present invention is to use the principle of bioequivalence, and adopt the method of animal experiment.
  • the inventor selects the experimental method of the National Key Discipline Laboratory of China Medical University, and through multiple experiments in multiple groups of mice, after advanced detection. Means of detection and scientific statistical calculations demonstrate the potency of the Nocardia cell wall skeleton to mobilize and activate dendritic cells.
  • mice were subjected to bioequivalence experiments, and then divided into several experimental groups and two control groups. According to the relevant experimental methods of the professional papers, combined with the characteristics of the inventors' own experiments, an animal experimental scheme for verifying the present invention was developed.
  • mice Three mice were randomly divided into three groups and numbered, namely blank group (No. 1), 20 ⁇ 8 Nacojia group (No. 2:) and dextran vehicle control group (No. 3). No. 1 and No. 3 using primary antibody And secondary antibody (rat anti-human HLA-DR), primary antibody No. 2 was rabbit anti-human HLA-DR.
  • mice No. 1 The blank group of mice No. 1 was taken, and the real skin and the epidermis were separated according to the method of separating the true epidermis of the mice.
  • the mice of No. 2 and No. 3 were injected with 0.2 ml of Naco good solution and 0.2 ml of dextran 40 respectively, and the ear was separated on the next day, and immunohistochemical staining and microscopic examination were performed.
  • mice were anesthetized with ether and the part of the ear was cut.
  • the epidermis was placed in a microcentrifuge tube with a horseradish enzyme-labeled streptavidin, incubated for 60 min, and washed with PBS for 5 min, 2 times.
  • each reagent No. 123 was added to a microcentrifuge tube containing 1 ml of distilled water, and stored in the dark, and was effective within 30 minutes.
  • the Nacojia group was injected with 0.2 ml of 4 ( ⁇ g/ml of Nacojia solution, and the dextran control group was injected with 0.2 ml of 3% dextran 40 solution.
  • the specific administration and ear dyeing time are shown in the following table:
  • mice were anesthetized with ether and the part of the ear was cut.
  • the epidermis was placed in a microcentrifuge tube containing 1:100 rat anti-human HLA-DR antibody at 4 ° C overnight;
  • the epidermis was placed in a microcentrifuge tube with a horseradish enzyme-labeled streptavidin, incubated for 60 min, and washed with PBS for 5 min, 2 times.
  • Staining intensity determination No staining is negative Slight staining is weakly positive Staining is lighter than positive. Deeper staining is moderately positive. Deep staining is strongly positive (+++).
  • Example 1 was stained with an antibody produced by Serotec, and the No. 1 tablet was observed under the microscope to have many orange-red cell structures, which were judged to be Langerhans cells (Fig. 1 a is 288 ⁇ b is 1152 ⁇ ), indicating staining. success.
  • Example 2 A preliminary study of the effect of Nakojia on Langerhans cells in the ear of mice. After experiment, Langerhans cells were stained in each group, and the pictures of each group are shown in Figure 2 (pictures are 288x).
  • Figure 3 shows a line graph of the effects of the Nakjia group and the dextran group on mouse LC cells in the ear.
  • Table 1 Density of Langerhans cells in the ear of mice (t test) See the following table:
  • Example 1 The structure of the orange-red color observed under the microscope was determined to be Langerhans cells.
  • Example 2 After analyzing the experimental structure, it is known that:
  • mice in the Nacojia group (mouse 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) have significantly better number and cell morphology in the ear Langerhans cells.
  • Drug mice No. 1 mouse
  • dextran control group
  • Nakojia can promote the increase of the number of Langerhans cells in the ear of the mice, and the Langerhans cells become larger, fuller and the number of dendrites increases, indicating that Nakoja is against Langehan.
  • the function of the cells has an activation effect.
  • the comparison picture shows: the Nocardia cell wall skeleton significantly improved the morphology of dendritic cells;
  • the Nocardia cell wall skeleton effectively activates and mobilizes dendritic cells.
  • the Naikejia 120 is diluted with physiological saline 4 ml, soaked with the cotton ball, and the cervix is re-erased. After it was placed in the cervix and left for 24 hours, it was taken out. Once every other day, 10 times for a course of treatment, menstrual cramps to stop the drug, menopause patients with medication after a course of treatment to stop. After 10 days, the pathological tissue was taken for use.
  • the biopsy specimens were fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 24 hours and embedded in paraffin.
  • the clinical time of the biopsy of the patients treated with Nacojia was 10 days after the administration.
  • Each biopsy tissue provided 3x5mm biopsy tissue blocks, and the tissue blocks were fixed for 10% paraformaldehyde, embedded in paraffin, and sectioned.
  • Murine anti-human CDla, S100, HLA-DR monoclonal antibodies were used to observe the distribution and quantitative analysis of mature dendritic cells and immature dendritic cells.
  • CD56 is a natural adhesion molecule, which is normally expressed in NK cells (natural killer cells) and T cell subsets, and observes the distribution and quantitative analysis of sputum cells.
  • PBS buffer (0.01 Mol/L, ⁇ 7 ⁇ 2 ⁇ 7 ⁇ 4) was prepared: NaCl 8.5 g, Na 2 HP0 4 1.07 g, KH 2 PO 4 0.39 g. The above three components are first dissolved in 100 ml of distilled water, and after being dissolved, distilled water is added to 1000 ml.
  • citrate buffer (0.01Mol/L, pH6.0): Weigh 3g of trisodium citrate, 0.4g of citric acid, add appropriate amount of distilled water, mix well and add distilled water to 1000ml.
  • TBS buffer 1.0 Mol/L, pH 8.0
  • Preparation Dissolve 121 g of Tris base in 800 ml of water, adjust pH to 8.0 with IN of HC1, and add water to 1000 ml.
  • Immunohistochemical staining Take normal human cervical biopsy tissue or cervical inflammation biopsy tissue or cervical inflammation Nacojia biopsy tissue after treatment, 4% formaldehyde fixation, conventional paraffin embedding, cut 5 ⁇ thick slices, attached to The slides coated with polylysine were placed in a 60 ° C oven for 20 minutes.
  • Tissue sections were washed 2 to 3 times with PBS, and after 5 minutes, a 3:3 ⁇ 40 2 -80% methanol mixture was added dropwise, and allowed to stand at room temperature for 10 minutes to remove endogenous peroxidase activity.
  • High pressure heat repair Wash the tissue sections with PBS 2 ⁇ 3 times, after 5 minutes, in boiling Add EDTA buffer (0.5Mol/L, pH 8.0) or citrate buffer (O.OlMol/L, pH6.0) to the water, cover the lid of the stainless steel pressure cooker, but do not lock, place the slide On the metal staining rack, slowly pressurize, soak the slide in the buffer for 5 minutes, then lock the lid and the small valve will rise. After 10 minutes, remove the heat source, place it in cool water, and open the lid when the small valve sinks.
  • EDTA buffer 0.5Mol/L, pH 8.0
  • citrate buffer O.OlMol/L, pH6.0
  • Positive and negative controls were used for each experiment. Positive self-positive sections were used as positive controls, and PBS was used instead of primary antibody as a negative control.
  • the staining intensity was observed with an objective lens of Olympus UPlan FL x40: cells showing cell membrane staining or cytoplasm staining were included in the positive cell count.
  • CDla, S100, HLA-DR are antibodies showing immature dendritic cells, and cells under the light microscope are yellowish brown in cell membrane or cytoplasm, and cells with dendritic irregular protrusions are positive.
  • CD3, CD4, and CD8 are specific antibodies showing Th cells, Tc cells, and Ts cells, respectively. Light microscopically contains brown-yellow particles in the cytoplasm.
  • CD56 is a natural killer cell-specific antibody, which is counted under the light microscope by browning of cell membrane and nucleus.
  • Cervical inflammation biopsy tissue S100, HLA-DR showed a strong positive reaction, while CDla was positive or negative.
  • Cervical inflammation after treatment with biopsy tissue S100, HLA-DR showed a weak positive response, while CDla was weakly positive or negative.
  • the dendritic cells have a strong immunological surveillance and antigen presentation function, and the function is relatively active. After treatment with Nacoa, the normal immune surveillance function of dendritic cells was restored by enhancing the function of dendritic cells.
  • CD56 Normal human cervical biopsy: CD56 is positive or negative.
  • NK cells were involved in immune function in biopsy tissues after normal and cervical inflammation, and activated T cells by enhancing dendritic cell function.
  • Cervical inflammation biopsy tissue CD3, CD4 were negative. A small number of CD8 positive cells were seen in a few cases.
  • T cells were in a state of protecting the body, and a large number of aggregated T cells were observed in the inflammation site.
  • T cells in the biopsy tissue returned to normal distribution after treatment with Nacojia.
  • a specific immune response occurs in the tau cells.
  • the Nocardia red cell wall skeleton preparation has the effect of activating and enhancing the action of dendritic cells in cervical lesions.

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Description

红色诺卡氏菌细胞壁骨架增强树突状细胞功能的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及免疫治疗领域。 具体而言, 本发明涉及红色诺卡氏菌 细胞壁骨架的免疫调节的方法。 背景技术
红色诺卡氏菌细胞壁骨架作为一种免疫调节剂可以有效调动和激 活机体的树突状细胞, 树突状细胞是机体免疫系统中专职的抗原递呈 细胞, 是启动机体特异性免疫的关键细胞。
1、 树突状细胞的作用
在机体免疫系统中树突状细胞是一个很重要免疫信号传递细胞, 对于特异性免疫系统的启动担负专职的免疫信号传递作用, 在特异性 免疫中 τ细胞是定向清除病原体的重要的免疫细胞, 但是 T细胞的活 化必须依赖树突状细胞的免疫信号传递作用, 所以树突状细胞是免疫 系统中的关键细胞, 关系到机体特异性免疫功能有效发挥的成败。
近几年, 业内专业人士关注的目光转向了人体免疫系统的研究, 人们更注重对于免疫功能低下的原因的分析, 进而注意到树突状细胞 的功能作用弱化的现象, 如树突状细胞呈现 : 个体小、 树突少、 细胞 分布密度低等现象, 人们认识到树突状细胞不发挥作用是免疫功能低 下的重要原因。
因此国内外争相开发各类树突状细胞疫苗, 广泛用于增强树突状 细胞的功能, 其设计思想是: 通过树突状细胞功能的增强, 进而启动 特异性免疫功能。
到目前为止, 临床上仍然没有理想的针对树突状细胞功能的免疫 调节剂, 各项树突状细胞疫苗的开发研究也没有通过临床试验。
因此, 有效激活和调动树突状细胞的功能仍是一个业内共同的研 究课题, 人们期待一个能有效的激活和调动树突状细胞功能的新的制 剂诞生。
2、 临床上相关的适应症
目前, 临床上许多疾病的原因就是机体的免疫功能低下, 而免疫 功能的低下都与免疫系统不能正常发挥细胞免疫作用有关, 而且免疫 系统没能发挥细胞免疫作用又与树突状细胞不能正常发挥正常免疫信 息传递作用有关。
目前人体大部分的肿瘤的发生, 都与机体树突状细胞功能减弱有 关, 由于树突状细胞功能的弱化, 使得机体的特异性免疫功能不能有 效启动。
因为树突状细胞功能的弱化, 使得病原体的信号不能通过树突状 细胞有效的传递给 τ细胞, 因此导致 T细胞不能被激活而发挥作用。
而体内的肿瘤主要依靠 τ淋巴细胞的清除作用, 才能有效控制肿 瘤的发展。 因此, 可以说临床上肿瘤的发生和发展, 与机体的免疫系 统中的树突状细胞的功能正常与否有关。
所以, 临床上有关预防肿瘤发生和控制肿瘤发展的关键, 就是能 否有办法调动和激活树突状细胞的功能, 这已经成为临床上的焦点难 题。
3、 临床上的现状
针对肿瘤的免疫治疗是继手术、 放疗、 化疗之后第四种治疗肿瘤 的新方法。 肿瘤的免疫治疗是当前的研究热点, 树突状细胞与肿瘤的 发生和发展有关联, 若患者体内树突状细胞功能缺陷或低下, 不能有 效递呈肿瘤抗原, 无法激活特异性免疫 T细胞, 则导致机体免疫无能 和免疫耐受, 使得肿瘤得以发生和发展。
树突状细胞的不成熟状态, 不能有效提呈抗原, 成为能否有效启 动特异性免疫的关键环节。 目前, 人们主要采用开发树突状细胞疫苗 的方法, 用以解决树突状细胞功能弱化的问题。
许多实例证明, 由树突状细胞激活的 T细胞在抗肿瘤免疫过程中 起主导作用。 以树突状细胞为基础的免疫治疗将来会成为未来抗肿瘤 治疗的主要手段之一。
本领域的主流研究方向: 是寻找能够在体内外运用, 相容性好, 更安全和高效的抗肿瘤树突状细胞疫苗方式。 与火热的研发疫苗的情 况对比; 还没有特定的药物能够用来调动和激活树突状细胞。
4、 树突状细胞疫苗应用及存在的问题
以树突状细胞为基础的肿瘤疫苗成为肿瘤免疫治疗的新策略和主 攻方向。 通过体外负载树突状细胞, 回输体内免疫治疗策略; 体内致 敏树突状细胞的策略在树突状细胞疫苗应用中, 收到很多疗效, 但是 也遇到许多问题:
①、 体外培养易于污染; ②、 体外培养成本高; ③、 容易引发自 身免疫性疾病; ④、 药效不稳定; ⑤、 尚待寻找最佳的制备方法; ⑥、 继续筛选理想的肿瘤抗原负载的方式; ⑦、 技术难度较大; ⑧、 大规 模培养制备有难度; ⑨临床治疗方案差异性大; ©、 瘤苗回输注意避 免 τ细胞耗竭。
树突状细胞肿瘤疫苗已经显示出来广阔的临床应用前景, 将会是 一种很有前途和使用价值的抗肿瘤策略。 但同时也应该看到, 当前研 究的树突状细胞抗肿瘤疫苗远远没有达到人们期待的效果, 尚处于临 床试验阶段, 主要是许多重要的分子免疫机制如治疗免疫逃逸、 免疫 耐受、 细胞毒 T细胞 (CTL) 活性降低、 或无反应, 以及树突状细胞 递呈抗原时所受周围环境的影响, 等问题有待深入研究和阐明。
另外, 如何寻找最佳的树突状细胞制备的方法选择最佳的树突状 细胞成熟和激活的状态及肿瘤抗原的负载的方法等问题目前还没有公 认的答案。
总之, 树突状细胞疫苗尚未达到人们的理想要求, 仍处于临床试 验阶段, 树突状细胞疫苗的研发还属于未成熟状态。 发明内容
通过多次生物等效性实验, 发明人发现作为生物制剂的红色诺卡 氏菌细胞壁骨架可以有效调动和活化树突状细胞, 树突状细胞是机体 免疫系统中专职的递呈细胞, 树突状细胞能否活化对于启动机体特异 性免疫非常重要。 因此这一实验结果可以说明: 红色诺卡氏菌细胞壁 骨架通过激活和调动树突状细胞, 进而有利于树突状细胞发现和识别 致病抗原并加以处理, 因此更利于活化 τ细胞, 使人体的特异性免疫 更易于被有效激活。
本发明的实验结果说明, 红色诺卡氏菌细胞壁骨架可以明显增加 树突状细胞的密度和迅速改善树突状细胞的形态和功能, 使树突状细 胞处于激活状态。 红色诺卡氏菌细胞壁骨架作用人体后, 能够有效激活和强化树突 状细胞的功能, 进而利于调动人体特异性免疫功能, 使得 τ细胞易于 被激活, 促使人体细胞免疫系统的活化, 引起人体特异性免疫抗肿瘤 免疫应答。
红色诺卡氏菌细胞壁骨架通过纠正机体免疫缺陷, 启动患者自身 特异性肿瘤杀伤机制, 依靠激活自身的免疫功能清除肿瘤细胞。
红色诺卡氏菌细胞壁骨架这一活化树突状细胞作用的发现, 填补 了临床上对于树突状细胞功能低下症状没有安全有效治疗药物的空 白, 结束了医生们面对众多树突状细胞功能低下的患者尚无良策的尴 尬局面, 使人们针对免疫低下的病症有了新的治疗手段。
因此, 本发明一方面涉及红色诺卡氏菌细胞壁骨架在制备用于调 节哺乳动物树突状细胞功能的免疫制剂中的用途, 其中所述的调节包 括红色诺卡氏菌细胞壁骨架激活、 调动和增强哺乳动物机体树突状细 胞的功能。
本发明所述的哺乳动物包括人。
本领域已知许多疾病与树突状细胞功能低下有关, 例如, 通过本 发明红色诺卡氏菌细胞壁骨架治疗的树突状细胞功能低下病症。
在本发明涉及的用途中, 树突状细胞可以是朗格汉斯细胞。
在本发明涉及的用途中, 所使用免疫制剂的有效量可以由本领域 技术人员根据需要确定,例如所需免疫制剂的剂量可以为 5ug-1200ug。
在本发明涉及的用途中, 免疫制剂可以通过体内、 皮下或者接触 途径给药, 优选为与皮肤和 /粘膜接触给药。
在本发明涉及的用途中, 免疫制剂可以包含药学上可接受的载体 或赋形剂。 本领域技术人员所知的任何适当的载体或赋形剂都可用于 本发明。 优选地, 可使用的赋形剂包括冻干剂型、 乳膏剂型或者擦剂。
本发明还涉及一种调节哺乳动物树突状细胞功能的方法, 包括向 哺乳动物直接使用有效剂量的红色诺卡氏菌细胞壁骨架, 其中所述的 调节包括红色诺卡氏菌细胞壁骨架激活、 调动和增强哺乳动物机体树 突状细胞的功能。
因此, 本发明的内容涉及下述方面:
1、 通过红色诺卡氏菌细胞壁骨架的作用体内和皮肤以及粘膜, 使得机体树突状细胞全面被激活, 进而使机体的免疫功能大为加强;
2、 树突状细胞功能的增强体现在, 树突状细胞的密度增大, 树 突状细胞的形态改变成激活状态;
3、 通过树突状细胞功能的增强, 使得机体的特异性免疫功能的 启动有了良好的基础;
4、 在红色诺卡氏菌细胞壁骨架作用机体过程中, 药物为微克 级, 安全可靠迅速发生作用;
本发明具有下述特点:
1、 红色诺卡氏菌细胞壁骨架微量成分作用机体后, 能够几个小时 后迅速有效激活树突状细胞, 用药后药效反应迅速;
2、 在红色诺卡氏菌细胞壁骨架微量成分的作用下, 机体的树突状 细胞的密度明显增加, 树突状细胞形态展开饱满, 树突状细胞能够被 充分激活;
3、 红色诺卡氏菌细胞壁骨架适量成分作用机体过程中, 机体无毒 副作用, 显示良好的安全性;
4、 红色诺卡氏菌细胞壁骨架在临床上应用操作简便, 方便患者使 用。 附图说明
图 1 : 朗格汉斯细胞染色图。 a为 288x, b为 1152χ。
图 2: 纳可佳组给药小鼠和右旋糖酐对照组小鼠朗格汉斯细胞图。 图 3 : 纳可佳组和右旋糖酐组对小鼠耳部 LC细胞的影响折线图。 图 4: S100、 CDla、 HLA-DR在正常人子宫颈活检组织、 子宫颈 炎症活检组织、 子宫颈炎症纳可佳治疗后活检组织中的表达情况。 具体实施方式
试验材料
1. 药品: 红色诺卡氏菌细胞壁骨架(纳可佳), 来源: 辽宁纳可佳 生物制药有限公司, 批准文号: 国药准字 S20030009。
2. 动物: 6〜8周健康雌性 BALB/c小鼠, SPF级, 14只, 体重 (20±2 >g。 来源: 北京云菱动物繁育厂。 3. 鼠抗人 HLA-DR, 250μ1编号 ΖΜ-0136, 北京中杉金桥生物技 术有限公司生产。
4. 鼠 ABC试剂盒: l/4kit, 北京中杉金桥生物技术有限公司 (美 国 VECTOR公司)。
5. 兔抗人 HLA-DR(RabbitAnti-HLA-DR), 0.2ml,编号 BS-1198R, 北京博奥森生物技术有限公司。
6. 兔免疫组化染色试剂盒: 3ml, 编号 SP-0023 , 北京博奥森生物 技术有限公司。
7. 大鼠抗人 HLA-DR, 0.25ml, 编号 MCA71R, serotec公司生产。
8. 生物素化兔抗大鼠 IgG (H+L), 编号 ZB-2040, 北京中杉金桥 生物技术有限公司生产。
9. AEC酶底物试剂盒: 2ml, 编号 zli-9036, 批号 K106718A, 有 效期 08/2011, 北京中杉金桥生物技术有限公司。
10. PBS缓冲液: 2000ml/袋, 北京中杉金桥生物技术有限公司。
11. GVA封片剂: 5ml, 编号 zli-9051 , 批号 P92304H, 有效期 07/2011, 北京中杉金桥生物技术有限公司。
试验设计
本发明的验证思路是利用生物等效性的原则, 采用动物实验的方 式, 发明人选择了中国医科大学国家重点学科实验室的实验方法, 通 过多次多组小鼠体内实验, 经过先进的检测手段检测和科学的统计计 算方法的计算, 证明红色诺卡氏菌细胞壁骨架可以调动和激活树突状 细胞的效能。
动物试验方案和步骤
实验方案的思路和设计原则:
采用小白鼠进行生物等效性实验, 随即分成若干个实验组和两个 对照组, 参照专业论文的相关实验方法, 结合发明人自身实验的特点, 制定验证本发明的动物实验方案。
实施例 1
试验步骤
1.分组:取 3只小鼠随机分为三组并编号,即空白组(1号)、 20μ8 纳可佳组 (2号:)及右旋糖酐赋形剂对照组 (3号)。 1号、 3号采用一抗 和二抗 (大鼠抗人 HLA-DR), 2号一抗为采用兔抗人 HLA-DR。
2.操作步骤:
取空白组小鼠 1 号, 根据小鼠真表皮分离的方法进行操作, 将真 皮和表皮分离。 2号和 3号小鼠分别注射 0.2ml纳可佳溶液和 0.2ml右 旋糖酐 40溶液, 于第二天进行剪耳分离, 并进行免疫组化染色,镜检。
小鼠真表皮分离:
①乙醚麻醉小鼠, 剪下耳朵的一部分。
②用刀片刮除表面的皮脂和皮屑, PBS反复冲洗 3-5次。
③用镊子分开鼠耳的皮肤。 刀片刮除软骨, 并切成 0.5cmx0.5 cm 小块。
④加入 EDTA分离液(PH7.2) 中 37°C水浴, 80min后取出皮片将 真表皮分开, 留表皮备用。
3. 抗体标记:
①丙酮室温固定表皮 4°C, 20min, PBS冲洗 5 min, 2次;
②表皮放入含 1: 100大鼠抗人 HLA-DR (2号为兔抗人 HLA-DR) 抗体的微量离心管内摇动, 4°C过夜;
③取出表皮, PBS冲洗 5 min, 2次, 放入含 1 : 50的生物化的兔 抗大鼠 IgG (2号为山羊抗兔 IgG)抗体的微量离心管内,孵育 1.5h后, PBS冲洗 5min, 2次;
④表皮放入加辣根酶标记链酶卵白素微量离心管内, 孵育 60min, PBS冲洗 5min, 2次。
4. 免疫组化染色 (按照 AEC试剂盒使用)
染色前, 分别将 123号试剂各 50μ1加入到已盛有 1ml蒸馏水的微 量离心管, 避光保存, 30min内有效。
①室温下,小心在载玻片加上 ΙΟΟμΙ的染色工作液,放入表皮(真 皮面向上), 使其浸入工作液中。
②室温下孵育 10至 20min, 或直至样本出现红色。
③移去表皮上的染色工作液。
④室温下, 将玻片置入 50ml自备的 PBS 缓冲溶液中浸泡 5s。
⑤移去表皮上的 PBS缓冲溶液。
⑥风干后甘油明胶封片。 ⑦即刻在光学显微镜下观察: 阳性呈现红色。
实施例 2
试验步骤
1. 分组: 取 8只小鼠随机分为二组并编号, 即 40μ8纳可佳组 (1-6 号:)及右旋糖酐赋形剂对照组 (1-2号)。
2. 操作步骤:
纳可佳组注射 0.2ml4(^g/ml的纳可佳溶液, 右旋糖酐对照组注射 0.2ml3%的右旋糖酐 40溶液, 具体给药和取耳染色时间见下表:
Figure imgf000009_0001
小鼠真表皮分离:
①乙醚麻醉小鼠, 剪下耳朵的一部分。
②用刀片刮除表面的皮脂和皮屑, PBS反复冲洗 3-5次。
③用镊子分开鼠耳的皮肤。 刀片刮除软骨, 并切成 0.5cmx0.5 cm 小块。
④加入 EDTA分离液(PH7.2) 中 37°C水浴, 80min后取出皮片将 真表皮分开, 留表皮备用。
3. 抗体标记:
①丙酮室温固定表皮 4°C, 20min. PBS冲洗 5 min, 2次;
②表皮放入含 1 : 100大鼠抗人 HLA-DR抗体的微量离心管内,4°C 过夜;
③取出表皮, PBS冲洗 5 min, 2次, 放入含 1 : 50的生物化的兔 抗大鼠 IgG抗体的微量离心管内, 孵育 1.5h后, PBS冲洗 5min, 2次;
④表皮放入加辣根酶标记链酶卵白素微量离心管内, 孵育 60min, PBS冲洗 5min, 2次。
4. 免疫组化染色 (按照 AEC试剂盒使用) 染色前, 分别将 1 2 3号试剂各 50μ1加入到已盛有 lml蒸馏水 的微量离心管, 避光保存, 30min内有效。
①室温下, 在载玻片加上 ΙΟΟμΙ 的染色工作液, 放入表皮 (真皮 面向上), 使其浸入工作液中。
②室温下孵育 10至 20min, 或直至样本出现红色。
③移去表皮上的染色工作液。
④室温下, 将玻片置入 50ml自备的 PBS 缓冲溶液中浸泡 5s
⑤移去表皮上的 PBS缓冲溶液。
⑥风干后甘油明胶封片。
⑦即刻在光学显微镜下观察: 阳性呈现红色。
观察指标及判定标准
1. 观察指标: 对每个标本随机选取 10个连续视野进行计数, LC 以同时见到胞体和树突来确定。 阳性 LC密度 (个 /mm2>=阳性细胞数 /表 皮面积。
2. 染色强度判定: 无染色为阴性 轻微染色为弱阳性 染色 较浅为阳性 染色较深为中度阳性 染色深为强阳性 (+++)。
3. 统计方法: LC密度比较采用成对 t检验。
试验结果
实施例 1使用 Serotec公司生产的抗体进行染色, 1号片见镜下许 多染成桔红色的细胞结构,经判定为朗格汉斯细胞(图 1 a图为 288χ b图为 1152χ ), 说明染色成功。
实施例 2对纳可佳对小鼠耳部朗格汉斯细胞的作用初步进行研究。 经过试验, 各组小鼠朗格汉斯细胞均染色, 各组图片见图 2 (图片 均为 288x )。图 3显示了纳可佳组和右旋糖酐组对小鼠耳部 LC细胞的 影响折线图。 表 1、 小鼠耳部朗格汉斯细胞的密度 (t检验) 见下表:
Figure imgf000010_0001
3号 815.0 695.0 995.0 875.0 890.0 854.0±110.0
4号 883.0 853.0 857.0 886.0 867.0 869.2±14.9
5号 750.0 730.0 857.0 730.0 813.0 776.0±56.7
6号 917.0 833.0 927.0 833.0 833.0 868.6±48.9 右旋糖 1号 604.2 604.2 704.8 648.2 591.6 630.6±46.7 酐组 2号 667.1 742.6 944.0 585.3 755.2 738.8±133.3 、
在实施例 1 中: 镜下观察到的橙红色的结构, 确定为朗格汉斯细 胞。
在实施例 2中: 经过对试验结构的分析可知:
1从图片的对比可以看到, 纳可佳组给药小鼠 (2、 3、 4、 5、 6号 小鼠) 耳部朗格汉斯细胞在数量和细胞形态上均明显好于未给药小鼠 ( 1号小鼠) 以及高于右旋糖酐对照组。
2从密度 t检验表可以看到, 纳可佳组给药小鼠 (2、 3、 4、 5、 6 号小鼠) 耳部朗格汉斯细胞密度均明显高于未给药小鼠 (1号小鼠), 同时也高于右旋糖酐对照组。
3从密度的折线图可以看到, 总体而言, 纳可佳组给药小鼠 LC细 胞密度并未随给药次数的增加有明显变化。
通过以上几点分析, 说明纳可佳能够促进小鼠耳部朗格汉斯细胞 的数量的增加, 同时朗格汉斯细胞变大、 饱满、 树突数量增加, 说明 纳可佳对朗格汉斯细胞的功能具有活化作用。
1、 统计数据说明: 红色诺卡氏菌细胞壁骨架显著增加树突状细胞 的密度;
2、 对比图片说明: 红色诺卡氏菌细胞壁骨架明显改善树突状细胞 的形态;
3、 综合结论: 红色诺卡氏菌细胞壁骨架有效活化和调动了树突状 细胞。
实施例 3 红色诺卡氏菌细胞壁骨架在宫颈病变中对树突状细胞的 增强作用
自 2011年 4月至 2011年 11月底, 经知情同意下, 随机抽取北京 望京医院 73名就诊者, 其中宫颈正常者 58例, 宫颈炎患者 15例。 对 宫颈炎患者中的 6例采用市售药物 "纳可佳" (公知的红色诺卡氏菌细 胞壁骨架组合物, 辽宁纳可佳生物制药有限公司生产) 治疗, 其余 9 例宫颈炎患者作为未治疗对照组。治疗方法为:于月经干净后 2-3天门 诊上药, 常规外阴消毒后生理盐水彻底清洗阴道及宫颈, 取纳可佳 120 以生理盐水 4 ml稀释后浸湿带尾棉球, 重擦宫颈后将其置于宫颈 并保留 24小时后取出。 隔日一次, 10次为 1个疗程, 月经来潮停药, 绝经者用药满一个疗程后停药。 10天后取病理组织备用。
取正常人子宫颈活检组织 58例, 子宫颈炎症活检组织 9例, 子宫 颈炎症纳可佳治疗后活检组织 6例, 分别采用免疫组织化学方法对所 取子宫颈活检组织进行观察和分析。
材料与方法
临床人子宫颈组织取材:
活检标本均经 4%甲醛固定 24h, 石蜡包埋切片。
临床纳可佳治疗患者子宫颈活检组织取材时间点为用药后 10天, 每次活检组织提供 3x5mm活检组织块,组织块用于 10%多聚甲醛固定, 石蜡包埋, 切片。
主要试剂:
特异性第一抗体:
( 1 ) 鼠抗人 CDla、 S100、 HLA-DR单克隆抗体观察成熟树突状 细胞与未成熟树突状细胞的分布及定量分析。
(2) 鼠抗人 CD56单克隆抗体, CD56是一种自然黏附分子, 正 常表达在 NK细胞 (natural killer cells) 和 T细胞亚群, 观察 ΝΚ细胞 的分布及定量分析。
(3 ) 鼠抗人 CD3、 CD4、 CD8单克隆抗体, 观察 T细胞的发育及 CD4/CD8的比值, 下降表示免疫功能受损。
第二抗体: 生物素标记物, 羊抗小鼠 IgG。
即用型 UltraSensitivdl Ms— P免疫组化试剂盒。
DAB酶底物显色剂。
其他试剂:
( 1 ) PBS 缓冲液 (0.01Mol/L, ρΗ7·2〜7·4) 配制: NaCl 8.5g, Na2HP04 1.07g, KH2PO40.39g。 以上三种成分先溶于 100ml蒸馏水中, 待溶后, 加足蒸馏水至 1000ml。 (2 ) 柠檬酸盐缓冲液 (0.01Mol/L, pH6.0) 配制: 分别称取柠檬 酸三钠 3g, 柠檬酸 0.4g, 加入适量蒸馏水, 充分混合后补充蒸馏水至 1000ml
(3 ) EDTA缓冲液(0.5Mol/L, pH8.0)配制: 700ml水中溶解 186.1g EDTA-2H20, 用 lO Mol/L NaOH调 pH至 8.0, 加水至 1000ml。
(4) TBS缓冲液 (1.0 Mol/L, pH8.0) 配制: 在 800ml水中溶解 121g Tris碱, 用 IN的 HC1调 pH至 8.0, 加水至 1000ml。
(5 ) 3%甲醇 -¾02溶液配制: 用 30% H202和 80%甲醇溶液配制。
(6) 封裱剂: 甘油和碳酸盐缓冲液 (0.5 mMol/L, pH9.0〜9.5 ) 等量混合。
(7) 0.3 %H2O2, DAB 酶底物显色剂, 苏木素, 梯度酒精, L-多 聚赖氨酸, 正常山羊血清, 蒸馏水, 二甲苯等。
以上抗体等试剂均购自北京中杉金桥生物技术有限公司。
实验仪器:
( 1 ) 光学显微镜及照相机
(2) 冰箱
(3 ) 孵育湿盒
(4) 微波炉
(5 ) 隔水式电热恒温培养箱
(6)水浴箱、耐高温塑料切片架、可调微量移液器、 PAP画圈笔、 定时器、 载玻片等。
实验步骤:
1. 免疫组织化学染色: 取正常人子宫颈活检组织或子宫颈炎症活 检组织或子宫颈炎症纳可佳治疗后活检组织, 4%甲醛固定, 常规石蜡 包埋, 切 5μηι 厚切片, 贴附于涂有多聚赖氨酸的载玻片上, 置入 60°C 烘箱中烘烤 20分钟。
2. 取 5μηι厚正常人子宫颈活检组织或子宫颈炎症活检组织或子宫 颈炎症纳可佳治疗后活检组织二甲苯脱蜡, 递减梯度酒精水化。
3. 将组织切片用 PBS洗 2〜3次, 各 5分钟后, 滴力口 3 %¾02-80% 甲醇混合液, 室温静置 10分钟, 以去除内源性过氧化物酶活性。
4. 高压热修复: 将组织切片用 PBS洗 2〜3次, 各 5分钟后, 在沸 水中加入 EDTA 缓冲液 (0.5Mol/L, pH8.0 ) 或柠檬酸盐缓冲液 (O.OlMol/L, pH6.0), 盖上不锈钢高压锅的盖子, 但不进行锁定, 将 载玻片置于金属染色架上,缓慢加压,使载玻片在缓冲液中浸泡 5分钟, 然后将盖子锁定, 小阀门将会升起来。 10分钟后, 去除热源, 置入凉 水中, 当小阀门沉下去后打开盖子。
5. 将组织切片用 PBS洗 2〜3次, 各 5分钟后, 滴加正常山羊血清 封闭液, 室温 20分钟。 甩去多余液体, 勿洗。
6.分别滴加不同的第一抗体(CDla, S100、 HLA-DR、 CD3, CD4, CD8、 和 CD56)各 50μ1, 室温静置 1小时或者 4°C过夜或者 37°C 1小时。
7. 4°C过夜后需在 37°C复温 45分钟。
8. PBS洗 3次,各 5分钟,滴加第二抗体 40〜50μ1, 37°C静置 1小时。
9. PBS洗 3次各 5分钟。 0.3 %H2O2, DAB酶底物显色剂, 光镜下 监测, 室温下显色, 待细胞着色而背景颜色较淡时马上吸去显色液, 蒸馏水迅速冲三次后加入 PBS适时终止反应。
10. PBS 或自来水, 冲洗 10分钟, 苏木素复染 30秒, 上行酒精脱 水 (70%、 80%、 90%酒精 5分钟 X 1次, 95 %酒精 5分钟 χ2次, 100% 酒精 5分钟 χ3次), 二甲苯透明, 50%中性树胶封片。
实验对照:
每次实验均设有阳性、 阴性对照, 用已知自身阳性切片作阳性对 照, 用 PBS代替一抗作为阴性对照.
结果判断标准:
细胞计数采用 x400光镜下观察。
染色强度采用 Olympus UPlan FL x40的物镜观察:显示细胞膜染色 或细胞质染色的细胞都包括在阳性细胞计数中。
1. CDla, S100、 HLA-DR为显示未成熟树突细胞特异性抗体, 光镜下以细胞膜或细胞质呈黄褐色, 且具有树枝状不规则突起的细胞 为阳性。
2. CD3、 CD4、 CD8分别为显示 Th细胞、 Tc细胞和 Ts细胞特异 性抗体, 光镜下以细胞质内含有棕黄颗粒为阳性。
3. CD56为显示自然杀伤细胞特异性抗体, 光镜下以细胞膜和细 胞核呈棕黄色染色者计数。 实验结果:
1、 S100、 CD la, HLA-DR细胞表达的观察分析
正常人子宫颈活检组织: S100、 HLA-DR呈弱阳性反应, 而 CDla 呈弱阳性或阴性。
子宫颈炎症活检组织: S100、 HLA-DR呈较强阳性反应, 而 CDla 呈阳性或阴性。
子宫颈炎症纳可佳治疗后活检组织: S100、 HLA-DR呈弱阳性反 应, 而 CDla呈弱阳性或阴性。
通过以上的结果和图 4可知, 在炎症组织中, 树突状细胞肩负了 较强的免疫监视和呈递抗原的功能, 功能比较活跃。 经纳可佳治疗后, 由于增强了树突状细胞的功能而恢复了树突状细胞正常的免疫监视功 能状态。
2、 CD56 (NCAM)细胞表达的观察分析
正常人子宫颈活检组织: CD56呈阳性或阴性。
子宫颈炎症活检组织: CD56呈阴性。
子宫颈炎症纳可佳治疗后活检组织: CD56可见呈阳性或阴性。 结果表明, NK细胞在正常和子宫颈炎症纳可佳治疗后活检组织中 参与了免疫功能, 并通过树突状细胞功能的增强, 激活了 T细胞的功 能。
3、 CD3、 CD4、 CD8细胞表达的观察分析
正常人子宫颈活检组织: CD3、 CD4、 CD8呈阳性或阴性。
子宫颈炎症活检组织: CD3、 CD4 均呈阴性。 少数病例可见少量 CD8阳性细胞。
子宫颈炎症纳可佳治疗后活检组织: CD3、 CD4、 CD8 恢复呈阳 性或阴性的结果。
结果表明, 在炎症情况下, T细胞处于保护机体的状态, 观察到炎 症部位会见到大量聚集的 T细胞。 在纳可佳治疗后活检组织中 T细胞 又恢复了正常的分布状态。 发 τ细胞发生特异性免疫反应。 红色诺卡氏菌细胞壁骨架制剂在宫颈 病变中具有激活并增强树突状细胞作用的功效。

Claims

权利要求书:
1、 红色诺卡氏菌细胞壁骨架在制备用于调节哺乳动物树突状细胞 功能的免疫制剂中的用途。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的用途, 其中所述的调节包括红色诺卡氏 菌细胞壁骨架激活、 调动和增强哺乳动物机体树突状细胞的功能。
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的用途, 其特征在于所述的树突状细胞 包括朗格汉斯细胞。
4、根据权利要求 1-3中任一项所述的用途,其特征在于所述的免疫 制剂的剂量为 5ug-1200ug。
5、根据权利要求 1-4中任一项所述的用途,其特征在于所述的免疫 制剂通过体内、 皮下或者接触途径给药。
6、根据权利要求 1-4中任一项所述的用途,其特征在于所述的免疫 制剂包含药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂。
7、 根据权利要求 6的用途, 其特征在于所述的赋形剂包括冻干剂 型、 乳膏剂型或者擦剂。
8、 调节哺乳动物树突状细胞功能的方法, 包括向哺乳动物直接使 用有效剂量的红色诺卡氏菌细胞壁骨架。
9、 根据权利要求 8所述的方法, 其中所述的调节包括红色诺卡氏 菌细胞壁骨架激活、 调动和增强哺乳动物机体树突状细胞的功能。
10、 根据权利要求 8或 9所述的方法, 其特征在于所述的树突状细 胞包括朗格汉斯细胞。
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