WO2012081634A1 - 混合液体の分離方法 - Google Patents
混合液体の分離方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012081634A1 WO2012081634A1 PCT/JP2011/078947 JP2011078947W WO2012081634A1 WO 2012081634 A1 WO2012081634 A1 WO 2012081634A1 JP 2011078947 W JP2011078947 W JP 2011078947W WO 2012081634 A1 WO2012081634 A1 WO 2012081634A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
- B01D3/14—Fractional distillation or use of a fractionation or rectification column
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/14—Evaporating with heated gases or vapours or liquids in contact with the liquid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/16—Evaporating by spraying
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for separating a mixed liquid used for separating a mixed liquid.
- a method using distillation or a permeable membrane has been mainly used.
- the heating surface and the evaporation surface are different, and there is energy loss such as the occurrence of convection in the heated liquid, which means that the conversion efficiency from heating energy to evaporation energy is excellent. I can't say that.
- the concentration of the target substance in the mixed liquid is preferably about 10%.
- Patent Document 1 Chinese Patent Application Publication No. 101224933
- the composition mass concentration of the initial ionic liquid (the first recovered product) is not sufficient at about 30%, and a predetermined liquid can be recovered from the mixed liquid more efficiently. There is a need for a separation method.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and has an object to provide a method for separating a mixed liquid having excellent separation accuracy and capable of separating the mixed liquid with low energy and high efficiency.
- the liquid separation method of the present invention is a liquid separation method for separating one liquid from a liquid mixture including at least a first liquid and a second liquid having a boiling point higher than that of the first liquid.
- the mixed liquid is contained in a container having a discharge port through which heated gas having a temperature higher than the boiling point of at least one of the first liquid and the second liquid is supplied from the heated gas supply means and discharges at least the gas.
- the liquid droplets of the mixed liquid can be reduced to about 20 ⁇ m by spraying the mixed liquid with a spraying means.
- the surface area is about 3000 cm 2 when converted to 1 liter of liquid.
- the mixed liquid formed into droplets by the spraying step is brought into contact with a heated gas having a boiling point higher than at least one of the first liquid and the second liquid in the container. At least the first liquid can be vaporized at low energy and in a short time. Thereby, the separation of the first liquid and the second liquid can be easily performed in the separation step.
- the separation efficiency does not depend on the liquid content, for example, a very small amount of the first liquid is contained in the first liquid. Even when two liquids are contained, the second liquid can be recovered with high efficiency.
- the mixed liquid separation method of the present invention is configured such that the temperature of the heating gas in the heating gas supply means is higher than the boiling point of the first liquid and lower than the boiling point of the second liquid. Can do.
- the heated gas having a temperature higher than the boiling point of the first liquid and lower than the boiling point of the second liquid is brought into contact with the mixed liquid formed into droplets by the spraying process.
- the first liquid and the second liquid can be more efficiently separated while vaporizing the first liquid with low energy and in a short time.
- the temperature of the mixed gas at the outlet of the container (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “outlet temperature”) can be set so that the first liquid can be kept in a vaporized state. .
- outlet temperature can be set as appropriate depending on the boiling points of the first and second liquids and the gas flow velocity in the vicinity of the discharge port. For example, the outlet temperature is higher than the boiling point of the first liquid and the second liquid. It can also be set to be lower than the boiling point.
- the mixed liquid separation method of the present invention may include a liquid-gas separation step of separating the liquid from the mixed gas by bringing the mixed gas discharged from the container into contact with a cooling means as the separation step. .
- the second liquid that remains in the liquid state and the mixed gas containing the vaporized first liquid are simultaneously discharged from the container.
- the mixed gas and the second liquid can be separated.
- At least one of the first liquid and the second liquid may be an inorganic solvent or an organic solvent.
- solvents having different boiling points are used.
- the mixed liquid of the first solvent / second solvent can be separated into the first solvent and the second solvent.
- one of the first liquid and the second liquid can be an organic solvent and the other can be water.
- the liquid mixture of organic solvent / water can be separated into water and organic solvent.
- the organic solvent can be an ionic liquid.
- a mixed liquid of ionic liquid / water can be separated into ionic liquid and water.
- the method for separating a mixed liquid according to the present invention is a method for separating one liquid from a mixed liquid containing at least a first liquid and a second liquid having a boiling point different from that of the first liquid,
- the mixed liquid is sprayed into a container having a discharge port through which at least a heated gas having a temperature higher than the boiling point of either the first liquid or the second liquid is supplied from the heated gas supply means and discharges at least the gas.
- a spraying step of spraying the mixed liquid from the spraying means, a vaporizing step of bringing the mixed liquid sprayed into the container into contact with the heated gas to vaporize the first liquid, and at least vaporizing in the vaporizing step A discharge step of discharging the mixed gas containing the first liquid from the discharge port of the container, and a separation step of separating the liquid from the mixed gas.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart for explaining the flow of the mixed liquid separation method of the present invention.
- the method for separating a mixed liquid of the present invention includes at least a spraying process, a vaporizing process, a discharging process, and a separating process (a gas-liquid separating process in FIG. 1).
- the spraying step is a step of spraying a mixed liquid containing at least the first liquid and the first liquid and the second liquid having a different boiling point from the spraying means into the container. Further, the inside of the container to which the mixed liquid is sprayed is filled with the heated gas supplied from the heated gas supply means. Further, the container is provided with a discharge port through which the mixed gas containing the vaporized first liquid is discharged.
- the first liquid and the second liquid contained in the mixed liquid are liquids having different boiling points.
- a liquid having a boiling point lower than that of the second liquid is selected as the first liquid.
- the first liquid and the second liquid can be efficiently separated by separating only the first liquid from the mixed liquid in a vaporized state.
- “liquid” means a compound in a liquid state having a constant volume at 1 atm and 25 ° C. and having fluidity, and details are shown in Fire Hazard No.
- the “boiling point” means a boiling point at 1 atm, and specifically means a boiling point measured by a method defined in JISK2233: 1984.
- the “decomposition point” is used herein as a “boiling point” for convenience and used as a reference for the heating temperature or the like.
- “boiling point” includes the “decomposition point” of the liquid in the case of a liquid having no boiling point.
- the “decomposition point” is a temperature at which the molecular weight of the liquid is changed and the weight of the liquid is reduced by 10% when the temperature rising rate is measured at 10 ° C./min using a thermogravimetric measuring device (TGA) Point to.
- TGA thermogravimetric measuring device
- “gas” is one of the states of a substance, and means a state that has the property of spreading itself, and therefore does not have a certain shape or volume, but has the property of spreading throughout the container.
- the combination of the first liquid and the second liquid is not particularly limited as long as the liquids have different boiling points.
- a solvent may be used for at least one of the first liquid and the second liquid. Both may be used as a solvent. When both the first and second liquids are used as solvents, solvents having different boiling points are used.
- the solvent may be an inorganic solvent or an organic solvent.
- combinations of the first and second liquids include organic solvents, inorganic solvents, or a combination of an organic solvent and an inorganic solvent, specifically, a combination of an organic solvent and water, an organic solvent and an ion.
- the combination with a liquid, the combination of water and an ionic liquid, the combination of ionic liquids, etc. are mentioned.
- the “ionic liquid” is a chemical substance composed of a salt and means an organic compound in a liquid state at 1 atm and 25 ° C., and does not include water (H 2 O).
- organic solvent examples include N-methylmorpholine oxide (NMMO), dimethylacetamide (DMAc), ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (C2mimAc), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium.
- NMMO N-methylmorpholine oxide
- DMAc dimethylacetamide
- ethanol isopropyl alcohol
- C2mimAc 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate
- C2mimAc 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium.
- C2mimDEP Diethyl phosphate
- AmimCl 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride
- AmimCl 1-ethylpyridinium chloride
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- THF tetrahydrofuran
- dioxane dioxane
- PEG polyethylene glycol
- DMF dimethylformamide
- 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate C2mimAc
- 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium diethylphosphate C2mimDEP
- 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride AmimCl
- 1-ethylpyridinium chloride and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium methylsulfonate correspond to the ionic liquid.
- the inorganic solvent for example, it can be used water (H 2 O) and molten salts.
- a specific combination of the first liquid and the second liquid is not particularly limited.
- a combination of water and C2mimDEP (boiling point (decomposition point) about 255 ° C), a combination of water and AmiCl (boiling point (decomposition point) about 245 ° C), a combination of water and NMMO (boiling point 120 ° C), water and THF (Boiling point of about 66 ° C.), water and pyridine (boiling point of about 115.2 ° C.), water and polyethylene glycol (boiling point of about 250 ° C. or more), water and DMSO (boiling point of about 189 ° C.) And a combination of water and DMF (boiling point: about 153 ° C.).
- a liquid having a high boiling point corresponds to the second liquid.
- the method for separating a mixed liquid of the present invention can achieve high separation efficiency without being affected by the content ratio of the first liquid and the second liquid. For example, even when the content of the second liquid is 1% by mass or less, the second liquid can be separated and recovered with high efficiency.
- the combination of the first liquid and the second liquid is preferably a combination that does not form an azeotropic mixture when mixed.
- the combination of liquids constituting the azeotrope includes a combination of water and ethanol, a combination of water and isopropyl alcohol, and the like.
- azeotropic refers to a phenomenon in which a liquid phase and a gas phase have the same composition when boiling from a liquid mixture.
- the difference in boiling point between the first liquid and the second liquid is not particularly limited.
- the difference in boiling point between the first liquid and the second liquid is preferably 20 to 200 ° C., and preferably 100 to 200 ° C. Is more preferable.
- the mixed liquid is formed into droplets by the spraying means and sprayed.
- the particle size of the mixed liquid droplets is not particularly limited, but is preferably 20 to 700 ⁇ m, more preferably 400 to 500 ⁇ m.
- the nozzle diameter of the spraying means, the spraying pressure, etc. can be appropriately set based on the particle diameter of the liquid droplets of the mixed liquid.
- a step of removing impurities and solids in the liquid mixture with a filter or the like can be provided before spraying the liquid mixture from the spraying means.
- the container (chamber) used in the method for separating a mixed liquid according to the present invention is not particularly limited.
- the container (chamber) has a strength that can withstand a predetermined process, is made of a material that exhibits the strength, and is hollow. Can be used as appropriate.
- the volume of the container is appropriately selected according to the processing amount of the mixed liquid.
- the internal pressure of the container is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 0.05 to 0.15 MPa, and more preferably 0.08 to 0.10 MPa.
- it is preferable that the temperature in the container is maintained at a temperature higher than the first boiling point and lower than the second boiling point by the heated gas.
- the container is filled with a heating gas supplied from the heating gas supply means.
- the heating gas can be used without particular limitation as long as the gas temperature is higher than the boiling point of at least one of the liquids at the time of supply. However, it is preferable to use a gas that is less reactive with the mixed liquid. For example, air, nitrogen gas, inert gas, or the like can be used.
- the supply amount and supply speed of the heated gas to the container are not particularly limited, but the flow rate is such that the pressure applied in the container can be maintained at a desired level, exceeding 0 m 3 / min to 1.0 m. It is preferably 3 / min or less, more preferably 0.1 m 3 / min to 0.7 m 3 / min.
- the heating gas supply port is not limited to one, and may flow in from a plurality of locations, and the inflow location is not particularly limited.
- the temperature of the heated gas is, for example, the temperature of the heated gas when supplied to the container (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “inlet temperature”) at both the inlet temperature and the outlet temperature.
- a heating means such as a heater
- the inlet temperature of the heated gas can be controlled by, for example, providing a temperature sensor in the vicinity of the heated gas supply means and the outlet of the container and monitoring each temperature. For example, when separating a mixed liquid containing water and another liquid, the outlet temperature can be set based on the boiling point of water.
- the vaporization step is a step of vaporizing at least the first liquid by bringing the mixed liquid sprayed into the container into contact with the heated gas.
- the spraying process and the vaporizing process are performed almost simultaneously.
- the vaporization step is performed simultaneously with the spraying step.
- the vaporized first liquid and the second liquid that is gas or liquid are mixed with the heating gas in the container to become a mixed gas.
- the heating gas supply means may be a mode in which the heating gas is supplied from the outside of the container, or a mode in which the mixed gas is supplied by heating the gas in the container with a heater provided in the container. It can also be.
- the discharge step is a step of discharging the mixed gas containing the first liquid vaporized in the vaporization step from the discharge port of the container.
- an apparatus may be configured so that the mixed gas in the container can be discharged from the discharge port by blowing (supplying) heated gas or the like from the inlet side of the container, or a blower or the like on the discharge port side. May be configured so that the mixed gas in the container can be sucked and the mixed gas can be discharged from the discharge port, or these may be combined.
- the discharging step for example, when only the first liquid is vaporized, the liquid droplet-like second liquid is mixed with the mixed gas containing the vaporized first liquid and discharged from the outlet to the outside of the container.
- the apparatus may be configured to be discharged, or the apparatus may be configured so that the second liquid can be collected from another discharge port, for example, the lower part of the container, using a mass difference. In this case, the discharge process and the separation process are performed almost simultaneously.
- the separation step is a step of separating the second liquid from the mixed gas, and examples thereof include a liquid-gas separation step using a cooling unit as shown in FIG.
- a means for separating the liquid from the mixed gas is not particularly limited, and a known method can be appropriately used.
- the liquid can be separated from the mixed gas by using a centrifugal force generated by an air flow.
- a cooling means is provided in the separator, and the mixed gas is brought into contact with the cooling means to form the second liquid.
- a liquid-gas separation step may be performed in which the liquid is agglomerated and separated from the mixed gas.
- a step of removing the solid or the like from the recovered second liquid by a filter or the like may be provided.
- the separation process in the present invention is not limited to the aspect performed after the discharging process.
- the apparatus when only the first liquid is vaporized, the apparatus is configured so that the droplet-like second liquid can be separated from the mixed gas in the container and recovered from, for example, the lower part of the container.
- the discharging step and the separation step are performed in parallel.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram for explaining an apparatus for realizing the mixed liquid separation method of the present invention.
- the separation device 100 includes a spray nozzle (spraying means) 8, a blower 10, a chamber (container) 12, a heated gas supply path 14, a heater 15, a separator 16, a recovery container 18, It is comprised including.
- a supply pipe 3 for supplying a mixed liquid from the sample container 2 to the spray nozzle 8 is connected to the spray nozzle 8 via a mixer 9.
- a liquid pump 4 is provided.
- the supply pipe 3 may be provided with a filter for removing impurities and solids in the mixed liquid.
- a spray gas supply pipe 7 provided with a needle valve 6 is connected to the spray nozzle 8 via a mixer 9, and pressurized air supplied from a compressor or the like is mixed with a mixed liquid supplied from the sample container 2.
- the spray nozzle 8 can be supplied.
- the diameter (nozzle diameter) of the tip 8A of the spray nozzle is not particularly limited, but can be appropriately selected according to the desired droplet diameter.
- the nozzle diameter is preferably, for example, 400 to 700 ⁇ m, and more preferably 500 to 700 ⁇ m.
- a spray nozzle 8 is provided on the mixed liquid supply side of the chamber 12 (hereinafter may be simply referred to as “inlet side”), and a tip end portion 14A of the heated gas supply path 14 is connected thereto. Further, the tip end portion 14A of the heated gas supply path 14 is configured to allow the heated gas to flow around the spray nozzle 8 and is temperature-controlled by a heater 15 provided in the heated gas supply path 14. The heated gas can be supplied into the chamber 12 via the tip portion 14A.
- the heater 15 (heating means) is not particularly limited as long as it is a device that can heat the heating gas to a desired temperature, and for example, a known heating wire or the like can be used.
- the heating gas supply path 14 is provided with a temperature sensor 20, and the temperature (inlet temperature) of the heating gas when supplied in the chamber 12 in the heating gas supply path 14 heated by the heater 15. Can be monitored. Furthermore, the mixed liquid which has flowed to the spray nozzle 8 can transmit heat from the heated gas to the mixed liquid through a heat transfer body such as a metal constituting the nozzle, and the mixed liquid is supplied to the mixed liquid at the tip of the spray nozzle 8. It is possible to heat up to the required temperature before reaching the inlet side, which is the side.
- the chamber 12 is a container for bringing the mixed liquid sprayed therein and the heated gas supplied separately.
- the spray nozzle 8 and the heating gas supply path 14 are connected to the inlet side of the chamber 12 so that the mixed liquid can be sprayed into the container and the heating gas can be supplied.
- a discharge port 12 ⁇ / b> A for discharging the mixed gas to the outside of the chamber is provided on the discharge side (hereinafter, simply referred to as “exit side”) of the chamber 12.
- the second liquid droplet is designed to be discharged from the chamber together with the mixed gas.
- the chamber 12 can be used as a recovery container for recovering the second liquid existing as a liquid without being a mixed gas, and can be placed at any place (for example, the bottom) of the chamber 12 as required.
- a second outlet for discharging the second liquid can also be provided.
- a temperature sensor 22 is provided around the chamber outlet 12A, and the temperature of the mixed gas (exit temperature) when being discharged from the chamber 12 can be monitored.
- a separator 16 is connected to the chamber outlet 12A.
- the temperature monitored by the temperature sensor 22 may be fed back to the temperature of the heating gas so that the heating temperature can be controlled in the heater 15 or the like so that the inlet temperature and the outlet temperature are kept constant.
- the temperature of the mixed gas (exit temperature) at the outlet of the container can be set to such an extent that the first liquid can be kept vaporized. By setting the outlet temperature in this way, the state in which the first liquid is vaporized can be maintained when the mixed gas is discharged from the container.
- the outlet temperature can be set as appropriate depending on the boiling points of the first and second liquids and the gas flow velocity in the vicinity of the discharge port. For example, the outlet temperature is higher than the boiling point of the first liquid and the second liquid. It can also be set to be lower than the boiling point.
- the separator 16 is used to separate the mixed gas and the second liquid.
- the separator 16 includes a connecting portion 16A, a separating portion 16B that separates the mixed gas, and a discharge pipe 16C.
- the separator 16 is connected to the discharge port 12A of the chamber at the connecting portion 16A, and is configured such that the mixed gas discharged from the chamber 12 is supplied to the separator 16.
- the inside of the separation part 16B of the separator 16 is formed so that the airflow swirls spirally, and a cyclone of the airflow is generated by the suction of the blower 10, so that the second liquid can be separated from the mixed gas by centrifugal force. It is configured.
- a recovery container 18 is connected to the lower side in the gravity direction of the separator 16 ⁇ / b> B so that the second liquid separated from the mixed gas can be recovered.
- a discharge pipe 16C to which the blower 10 is connected is connected to the upper side of the separator 16 in the gravity direction, and the mixed gas separated from the second liquid is discharged by suction by the blower 10. ing. Further, since the temperature of the mixed gas is reduced by the suction by the blower 10, the liquid can be recovered more efficiently.
- a cooler 16 ⁇ / b> D is installed inside the separation unit 16 ⁇ / b> B of the liquid separator 16.
- the cooler 16D has a configuration in which a refrigerant is circulated in the pipe, and the separation (recovery) efficiency of the second liquid can be increased by cooling the mixed gas.
- Installation of the cooler 16D is optional, and in addition, it is possible to provide an agglomeration means that promotes the agglomeration of the second liquid by providing a part in the separator 16 where the contact area with the mixed gas increases. Liquid recovery is possible.
- the mixed liquid in the sample container 2 is sent to the spray nozzle 8 by the liquid feed pump 4.
- pressurized air from a compressor or the like is supplied to the spray nozzle 8 while the pressure is adjusted by the needle valve 6.
- the mixed liquid and pressurized air supplied to the spray nozzle 8 are mixed by the mixer 9 connected to the spray nozzle 8 and sprayed into the chamber 12 from the tip 8A.
- the spraying conditions are appropriately determined while monitoring the outlet temperature.
- the spraying pressure is 0.08 MPa to 0.1 MPa
- the liquid feeding speed is about 8 to 10 g / min.
- the inside of the chamber 12 is already filled with the heated gas kept near the normal pressure.
- the heater 15 heats gas (for example, nitrogen gas) sucked from the outside by suction from the blower 10. At this time, the temperature of the heated gas is monitored by the temperature sensor 20 and heated to a desired inlet temperature by the heater 15 disposed in the heated gas supply path 14.
- the heated gas heated by the heater 15 is supplied into the chamber 12 via the distal end portion 14A of the heated gas supply path. At this time, the inlet temperature of the heated gas is about 220 ° C.
- the spray nozzle 8 is configured to be heated by the tip portion 14A of the heated gas supply path 14, and can heat the mixed liquid in the spray nozzle 8. Thereby, the viscosity of the liquid mixture in the spray nozzle can be lowered, and the liquid can be fed efficiently.
- the mixed liquid sprayed into the chamber 12 becomes droplets having a particle size of about 20 ⁇ m.
- the first liquid (water) in the mixed liquid is evaporated and vaporized.
- the contact area between the mixed liquid formed into droplets and the heated gas is very large due to the spraying of the mixed liquid, the first liquid is vaporized in a very short time.
- the first liquid (water) vaporized in the chamber 12 is mixed with a heated gas or a gas used for spraying to become a mixed gas.
- the mixed gas in the chamber 12 is discharged from the discharge port 12A by suction of the blower 10, but the second liquid (C2mimAc) that has been dropletized is not vaporized but is mixed as fine droplets. And discharged together from the discharge port 12A.
- the temperature (exit temperature) of the mixed gas in the discharge port 12A is monitored by the temperature sensor 22, and the gas temperature (exit temperature) is the first liquid (water) and the second liquid (C2mimAc). It is controlled to be between the boiling points of.
- the outlet temperature can be set to 60 to 110 ° C., for example, but is preferably about 100 ° C. when the first liquid is water.
- the outlet temperature is controlled by, for example, measuring how much the temperature of the heated gas supplied to the chamber 12 is lowered from the inlet temperature in the chamber, and using this as a reference, the heater 15 sets the inlet temperature of the heated gas. It is possible to control the outlet temperature to be a desired temperature by setting the temperature somewhat higher.
- the mixed gas discharged from the discharge port 12A of the chamber and the droplet-like second liquid are supplied to the separator 16 through the connecting portion 16A by suction of the blower 10. Since the separator 16 is formed in the separator 16 so that the airflow swirls spirally, a cyclone of the airflow is generated.
- the second liquid (C2mimAc) can be separated from the mixed gas by aggregating the second liquid by the centrifugal force generated by the cyclone of the airflow and the cooling action in the cooler 16D.
- the separated second liquid (C2mimAc) is then collected in a collection container 18 provided on the lower side of the separator 16 in the direction of gravity.
- the collection container 18 may be provided with a filter that removes solids and the like from the second liquid.
- the mixed gas from which the second liquid has been separated is discharged out of the apparatus through the discharge pipe 16C while containing the vaporized first liquid (water). Moreover, these processes are continuously performed for a desired amount of the mixed liquid.
- C2mimAc can be recovered from an aqueous solution containing about 0.4% of C2mimAc in a short time with low energy, and the composition mass concentration of the recovered C2mimAc is also as high as about 90% or more. It can be recovered efficiently.
- the inlet temperature of the heating gas is set to be a temperature between the boiling point of the first liquid (water) and the decomposition point of the second liquid (C2mimAc).
- the method for separating the mixed liquid is not limited to this, and it is sufficient that the outlet temperature is configured to be a temperature at which the first liquid can be kept in a vaporized state, and the inlet temperature of the heated gas is equal to the boiling point of the second liquid. It may be exceeded.
- the mixed gas containing the first liquid is discharged to the outside of the apparatus.
- a means for collecting the first liquid such as a collecting container may be provided separately.
- the recovery means sets the temperature of the recovery container to a temperature lower than the boiling point of the first liquid (in the case of the above example, about 30 ° C.), or provides a cooler to bring it into contact therewith.
- the first liquid can be recovered from the mixed gas, and the recovered mixed gas can be discharged out of the apparatus.
- a liquid other than water for example, an organic solvent
- the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to this.
- the separation method of the present invention was applied to the mixed liquids shown in Table 1 below using “Spray Dryer ADL311-A” manufactured by Yamato Scientific Co., Ltd. Each apparatus condition is shown in Table 1.
- the mixed liquid F used in Comparative Example 3 is a mixed liquid of water and ethanol having an azeotropic relationship.
- 100 ml of mixed liquid A was placed in a 300 ml Erlenmeyer flask and heated to 105 ° C. in an oil bath under normal pressure for distillation.
- the mixed liquid A was subjected to a reverse osmosis (RO) membrane and concentrated.
- Concentration conditions in the RO membrane are as follows: a 230 ml liquid mixture is placed in a concentrator equipped with an RO membrane (“Spin Flow Cell” manufactured by Tritech), and high pressure air is connected to the concentrator and pressurized at 4 MPa. Then, water through the RO membrane was discharged out of the apparatus to obtain a concentrated solution.
- Table 1 below, when the temperature is described before and after “ ⁇ ” at the inlet temperature and the outlet temperature, the temperature described before “ ⁇ ” means the temperature from the start-up of the device to the stability. Further, the temperature after “ ⁇ ” means a temperature at which the spraying process is actually performed after the apparatus is stabilized.
- Recovery rate (%) (recovered amount of second liquid x recovered composition mass concentration) / amount of sprayed second liquid (spray amount in table x concentration of second liquid in mixed liquid) * 2: “Recovered composition mass concentration” in the table is the recovered liquid from the remaining amount of the second liquid after heating the recovered liquid at 100 ° C. for 30 minutes using SDT (“Q600” manufactured by TA Instruments). The concentration of the second liquid inside was calculated.
- Liquid mixture A water / ionic liquid (0.4% by mass: 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (C2mimAc); decomposition point 210 ° C.)
- Mixed liquid B water / ionic liquid (70% by mass: 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (C2mimAc); decomposition point 210 ° C.)
- Mixed liquid C water / ionic liquid (0.3% by mass: 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (C2mimAc); decomposition point 210 ° C.) / Organic solvent (0.1% by mass: dimethylacetamide (DMAc) ; Boiling point 165 ° C)
- Liquid mixture D water / organic solvent (4% by mass: N-methylmorpholine oxide (NMMO): boiling point 120 ° C.)
- Liquid mixture E water / ionic liquid (0.4% by mass: 1-ethyl-3-
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Abstract
Description
[特許文献1]中国特許出願公開第101224933号明細書
本発明の混合液体の分離方法によれば、噴霧工程によって液滴化された混合液体に、第1の液体の沸点よりも高く且つ第2の液体の沸点よりも低い温度の加熱ガスを接触させることで低エネルギー且つ短時間で第1の液体を気化させつつ、更に、効率良く第1の液体と第2の液体とを分離させることができる。
図1に示すように、本発明の混合液体の分離方法は、少なくとも、噴霧工程と、気化工程と、排出工程と、分離工程(図1では気-液分離工程)とを含む。
また、このうち、1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムアセテート(C2mimAc)、1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムジエチルフォスフェイト(C2mimDEP)、1-アリル-3-メチルイミダゾリウム塩化物(AmimCl)、1-エチルピリジニウム塩化物、1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムメチルスルフォネートが前記イオン液体に該当する。
また、前記無機溶媒としては、例えば、水(H2O)や溶融塩等を用いることができる。
尚、以上の組合せにおいては沸点(分解点)の高い液体が第2の液体に該当する。
尚、上記では排出工程の後に分離工程が施される態様について説明したが、本願発明において分離工程は排出工程の後に行われる態様に限定されない。上述のように、第1の液体のみが気化している場合には、液滴状の第2の液体を前記容器中で混合ガスと分離し、例えば容器下部から回収できるように装置を構成した場合には、排出工程と分離工程とが並行して行われることとなる。
また、チャンバ12は混合ガスとならず液体のままで存在している第2の液体を回収するための回収容器としても使用でき、必要に応じてチャンバ12の任意の場所(例えば底部)に第2の液体を排出するための第2の排出口を設けることもできる。
この際、前記温度センサ22でモニタリングした温度を加熱ガスの温度へフィードバックして、入口温度と出口温度とが一定に保たれるようにヒータ15等において加熱温度を制御できるよう構成してもよい。また、前記容器の排出口における混合ガスの温度(出口温度)は、前記第1の液体が気化された状態を保つことが出来る程度に設定することができる。このように出口温度を設定することで、前記混合ガスが容器から排出される際に、第1の液体が気化された状態を維持することができる。当該出口温度は、第1及び第2の液体の沸点や排出口付近におけるガスの流速によって適宜設定することができるが、例えば、前記第1の液体の沸点よりも高く且つ前記第2の液体の沸点よりも低いように設定することもできる。
また、図2においては液体の分離器16の分離部16B内部に冷却器16Dが設置されている。冷却器16Dは、配管内に冷媒を循環させた構成を有しており、混合ガスを冷却することで第2の液体の分離(回収)効率を高めることができる。上記冷却器16Dの設置は任意であり、他にも分離器16内に混合ガスとの接触面積が増加する部位を設けて第2の液体の凝集を促す凝集手段を設けることもでき、より効率的な液体の回収を行うことが可能である。
一方、第2の液体を分離した混合ガスは、気化された第1の液体(水)を含んだまま排出管16Cを介して装置外に排出される。
また、これらの工程は所望量の混合液体について連続的に行われる。
実施例及び比較例3について、市販のヤマト科学社製の「スプレードライヤADL311-A」を用いて、下記表1に記載の混合液体について本発明の分離方法を施した。各装置条件については表1に示す。比較例3で用いた混合液体Fは、共沸関係にある水とエタノールとの混合液体である。
また、比較例1は、300ml三角フラスコ内に混合液体Aを100mlに入れ、常圧下オイルバス中で105℃まで加温し蒸留を行った。
比較例2は、混合液体Aを逆浸透(RO)膜に供して濃縮した。RO膜での濃縮条件としては、液量230mlの混合液体をRO膜が備えられた濃縮装置(トライテック社製「スピンフローセル」)に入れ、高圧空気を濃縮装置に接続し4MPaにて加圧し、RO膜を介した水を装置外に排出して濃縮液を得た。
尚、下記表1中、入口温度及び出口温度において「⇒」前後に温度記載されている場合、「⇒」の前に記載される温度は装置の立ち上げから安定までの温度を意味する。また、「⇒」後の温度は、装置が安定した後実際に噴霧処理を行った温度を意味する。
※1:回収率(%)=(第2の液体の回収量×回収組成質量濃度)/噴霧した第2の液体の量(表中のスプレー量×混合液体中の第2の液体の濃度)
※2:表中、「回収組成質量濃度」は、SDT(TA Instruments社製『Q600』)を用い、回収液を100℃で30分間加熱した後の第2の液体の残存量から、回収液中の第2の液体の濃度を算出した。
・混合液体B:水/イオン液体(70質量%:1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムアセテート(C2mimAc);分解点210℃)
・混合液体C:水/イオン液体(0.3質量%:1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムアセテート(C2mimAc);分解点210℃)/有機溶媒(0.1質量%:ジメチルアセトアミド(DMAc);沸点165℃)
・混合液体D:水/有機溶媒(4質量%:N-メチルモルフォリンオキシド(NMMO):沸点120℃)
・混合液体E:水/イオン液体(0.4質量%:1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムジエチルフォスフェイト(C2mimDEP);分解点255℃)
・混合液体F:水/エタノール(50質量%:エタノール(EtOH);沸点78.4℃)
※水の沸点:100℃/1atm
これに対し、実施例の分離方法によれは、どれも100ml当たりの分解に要する時間の平均は比較例に比して短時間であり、エネルギー効率に長けた分離方法であることがわかった。
一方、実施例と同様の方法において共沸関係を有する水とエタノールとの混合液体Fを用いた比較例3においては、第2の液体(エタノール)の回収が困難であった。
4 送液ポンプ
3 供給官
6 ニードル弁
7 噴霧気体供給管
8 噴霧ノズル
8A 噴霧ノズルの先端部
9 混合器
10 ブロワ
12 チャンバ
12A 排出口
14 加熱ガス供給路
14A 加熱ガス供給路の先端部
15 ヒータ
16 分離器
16A 連結部
16B 分離部
16C 排出管
16D 冷却器
18 回収容器
20 温度センサ
22 温度センサ
100 分離装置
Claims (6)
- 少なくとも第1の液体と前記第1の液体よりも高い沸点を有する第2の液体とを含む混合液体から一方の液体を分離する混合液体の分離方法であって、
少なくとも前記第1の液体および前記第2の液体のいずれか一方の沸点よりも高い温度の加熱ガスが加熱ガス供給手段から供給され且つ少なくとも気体を排出する排出口を有する容器内に、前記混合液体を噴霧する噴霧手段から前記混合液体を噴霧する噴霧工程と、前記容器内に噴霧された前記混合液体を前記加熱ガスと接触させて少なくとも前記第1の液体を気化させる気化工程と、
少なくとも前記気化工程において気化された前記第1の液体を含む混合ガスを前記容器の排出口から排出する排出工程と、
前記混合ガスから前記第2の液体を分離する分離工程と、
を含む混合液体の分離方法。 - 前記加熱ガス供給手段における前記加熱ガスの温度が、前記第1の液体の沸点よりも高く且つ前記第2の液体の沸点よりも低い請求項1に記載の混合液体の分離方法。
- 前記分離工程は、容器内から排出された前記混合ガスを冷却手段に接触させて前記混合ガスから第2の液体を分離する液-気分離工程を含む請求項1または2に記載の混合液体の分離方法。
- 前記第1の液体及び前記第2の液体は、少なくとも一方が、無機溶媒および有機溶媒のいずれか一方の溶媒である請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の混合液体の分離方法。
- 前記第1の液体及び前記第2の液体は、一方が有機溶媒であり、他方が水である請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の混合液体の分離方法。
- 前記有機溶媒がイオン液体である請求項4または5に記載の混合液体の分離方法。
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CN107917822B (zh) * | 2016-10-09 | 2024-05-07 | 李进 | 用于多沸点混合液取样和气化的装置及方法 |
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