WO2012077769A1 - 光発生装置および光発生方法 - Google Patents
光発生装置および光発生方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012077769A1 WO2012077769A1 PCT/JP2011/078485 JP2011078485W WO2012077769A1 WO 2012077769 A1 WO2012077769 A1 WO 2012077769A1 JP 2011078485 W JP2011078485 W JP 2011078485W WO 2012077769 A1 WO2012077769 A1 WO 2012077769A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/353—Frequency conversion, i.e. wherein a light beam is generated with frequency components different from those of the incident light beams
- G02F1/3534—Three-wave interaction, e.g. sum-difference frequency generation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
- G02F2203/13—Function characteristic involving THZ radiation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a light generation apparatus and a light generation method.
- Terahertz waves are considered to be applied to a wide variety of physical property measurement using spectroscopic techniques and imaging technologies that take advantage of the characteristics of the terahertz waves, and their application fields are industrial, medical, agriculture, bio, security, etc. It is very widespread. For this reason, much attention has been focused on improving the technology for generating terahertz waves.
- Non-Patent Document 1 As a method for generating a terahertz wave using a nonlinear optical crystal, a method using birefringence (for example, refer to the following Non-Patent Document 1), a method using pseudo phase matching (for example, refer to the following Non-Patent Document 2) ), A method using a double resonator (for example, see Non-Patent Document 3 below), and a method using parametric oscillation have been tried.
- Non-Patent Documents 1 to 3 are techniques that use laser light having a strong intensity of the order of GW / cm 2 for the pump light source, or techniques that use pulsed light that makes it difficult to reduce the line width. In many cases, it is a technology that in principle increases the size of the element, or the efficiency of light generation is low, which is not practical as a method for generating light having a desired frequency.
- Non-Patent Documents 1 to 3 are all techniques using pulsed light as a pump light source and have not been evaluated as a continuous light source. Continuous light has better spectral resolution in the frequency domain than pulsed light. Therefore, although a continuous light source is demanded in the market, few satisfy the market demands such as frequency variable region, generation intensity, and miniaturization.
- a continuous light source a cascade laser (for example, see Non-Patent Document 4 above) and a photomixing technique (for example, see Non-Patent Document 5 above) are known. In the range of 0.5 to 3.0 THz required for detection, the former is a low-temperature operation, and the latter has an output order of 100 nW or less.
- the output decreases as the frequency increases, and the output is 1 nW or less at 2 THz or more.
- the generated intensity can be increased by increasing the incident light intensity.
- the incident light intensity becomes higher than a certain level, thermal destruction of the electrode portion occurs, so that the output intensity can be improved by increasing the incident light intensity.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object thereof is to provide a light generation apparatus and a light generation method capable of efficiently generating light having a desired frequency.
- a light generation device of the present invention includes a resonator structure that enhances and outputs incident light, and an input unit that inputs the incident light to the resonator structure.
- the input section is inclined at an angle inclined from a direction perpendicular to a main surface of the resonator structure.
- the second incident light is input, and the resonator structure includes light having a frequency corresponding to a difference between a frequency of the first incident light and a frequency of the second incident light.
- a light generation method of the present invention is a light generation device comprising: a resonator structure that enhances and outputs incident light; and an input unit that inputs the incident light to the resonator structure.
- the incident light is first incident light and second incident light having different polarization states and different frequencies, and the input unit is inclined at an angle inclined from a direction perpendicular to a main surface of the resonator structure.
- the light generation device includes a resonator structure and an input unit, and the input unit transmits the first incident light and the second incident light to the main surface of the resonator structure. Is input at an angle, the resonator structure outputs light having a frequency corresponding to the difference between the frequency of the first incident light and the frequency of the second incident light as output light.
- the two incident lights have different polarization states, for example, the first incident light is in the s-polarization state and the second incident light is in the p-polarization state. Alternatively, the first incident light may be in the p-polarized state and the second incident light may be in the s-polarized state.
- the two incident lights have different frequencies.
- the frequency of the incident light in the s-polarized state matches the resonant frequency of the s-polarized light according to the tilt angle of the input unit, and the incident light in the p-polarized state. Is preferably the same as the resonance frequency of the p-polarized light according to the tilt angle of the input unit.
- the resonance frequency here is a frequency that generates the resonator mode, and the resonance frequency is not limited to one value of the frequency, but has a certain range for generating the resonator mode. It may be a frequency band.
- the resonance frequency of the resonator structure is shifted with respect to light having different polarization states.
- This is considered to be a phenomenon caused by the structural birefringence caused by the periodic thin film structure, and is considered to be caused by the change in the effective refractive index due to the polarization.
- light having a frequency corresponding to the deviation is output as output light. Therefore, the input unit adjusts the incident angle according to the desired frequency to be generated, so that light having the desired frequency can be generated.
- the present invention is a frequency-variable light generating apparatus and light generating method. Furthermore, according to the present apparatus and method, the efficiency of light generation is improved, and the overall size of the apparatus can be reduced.
- the present invention may further include a temperature adjusting unit that controls the resonance frequency of the s-polarized light and the resonance frequency of the p-polarized light by adjusting the temperature of the resonator structure.
- the resonant frequency of the s-polarized light and the resonant frequency of the p-polarized light are controlled by adjusting the temperature of the resonator structure, so that either one of the two resonant frequencies is controlled to be constant. can do. Moreover, since temperature control can be said to be a relatively easy control method, the convenience of the apparatus configuration can be improved.
- the resonator structure may be a simple resonator structure including a defect layer made of a GaAs layer and a reflecting mirror made of a laminate of a GaAs layer and an AlAs layer.
- the resonator structure is a composite including a photonic crystal formed by stacking an active layer made of a GaAs layer and a non-active layer made of an AlAs layer, and a reflecting mirror made of a stack of a GaAs layer and an AlAs layer. It may be a photonic crystal structure.
- the resonator structure may be a simple photonic crystal structure including a photonic crystal composed of a stacked layer of an active layer composed of a GaAs layer and an inactive layer composed of an AlAs layer.
- the film thicknesses of the GaAs layer and the AlAs layer in the reflector having the composite photonic crystal structure may be different.
- the efficiency of light generation is further improved, and further downsizing of the entire apparatus is achieved.
- the resonator structure is different as a result of structural birefringence caused by the input unit inputting the first incident light and the second incident light at the inclined angle.
- Light having a frequency corresponding to the difference between the resonance frequency of the s-polarized light and the resonance frequency of the p-polarized light having a value may be output.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a light generation apparatus and a light generation method capable of efficiently generating light having a desired frequency.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a terahertz light generation device 1.
- FIG. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a state in which laser oscillation units 10 and 11 input first incident light and second incident light to a resonator structure 12 at an angle.
- the laser oscillation units 10 and 11 are angled and input the first incident light in the s-polarized state and the second incident light in the p-polarized state to the resonator structure 12, a shift occurs in the frequency generated by the resonator mode. It is a figure for demonstrating.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a procedure for generating output light in a desired terahertz region using the terahertz light generation device 1.
- FIG. 1 it is a diagram showing the relationship between the incident angle ⁇ and the frequency of the light to be generated.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between an incident angle ⁇ and a temperature in Configuration Example 1; In Configuration Example 1, it is a diagram showing a relationship between the incident angle ⁇ and the conversion efficiency. 6 is a conceptual diagram of a composite photonic crystal structure 122 employed as a resonator structure 12 in Configuration Example 2.
- FIG. In Configuration Example 2 it is a diagram showing the relationship between the incident angle ⁇ and the frequency of light to be generated.
- Configuration Example 2 it is a diagram showing the relationship between the incident angle ⁇ and the temperature.
- Configuration Example 2 it is a diagram showing a relationship between the incident angle ⁇ and the conversion efficiency.
- FIG. 11 is a conceptual diagram of a simple photonic crystal 123 employed as a resonator structure 12 in Configuration Example 3.
- 2nd Embodiment it is a figure which shows the relationship between incident angle (theta) and temperature.
- 2nd Embodiment it is a figure which shows the relationship between incident angle (theta) and conversion efficiency. It is a figure for comparing and showing the conversion efficiency in the example 2 of composition of a 1st embodiment, and that of a 2nd embodiment. It is a figure for comparing and showing the half value width in composition example 2 of a 1st embodiment, and that of a 2nd embodiment. It is the figure which displayed the half value width comparison of FIG. 27 on the log scale. It is a figure for showing performance comparison with 2nd Embodiment and other technologies. It is a figure for demonstrating that the optical system in FIG. 1 can be comprised as an optical system using a fiber. It is a figure for demonstrating that the optical system in FIG. 1 can be comprised as an optical system using a polarization beam splitter.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of the terahertz light generation device 1.
- the terahertz light generator 1 includes laser oscillation units 10 and 11 (corresponding to “input unit” in the claims), a resonator structure 12, and a temperature regulator 13 (in the claims). Equivalent to “temperature control unit”).
- the laser oscillation units 10 and 11 input incident light to the resonator structure 12 via the mirror 14 and the lens 15.
- the resonator structure 12 enhances the incident light input from the laser oscillation units 10 and 11 and outputs it as output light.
- the incident lights that the laser oscillation units 10 and 11 enter the resonator structure 12 are two incident lights of the first incident light and the second incident light.
- the two incident lights have different polarization states, for example, the first incident light may be in the s-polarized state and the second incident light may be in the p-polarized state, or the first incident light is in the p-polarized state.
- the second incident light may be in the s-polarized state.
- the first incident light is in the s-polarized state
- the second incident light is in the p-polarized state
- the laser oscillation unit 10 converts the first incident light in the s-polarized state into a resonator structure. 12 and the laser oscillation unit 11 makes the p-polarized second incident light incident on the resonator structure 12.
- the laser oscillation units 10 and 11 input the first incident light and the second incident light to the resonator structure 12 at an angle inclined from a direction perpendicular to the main surface of the resonator structure 12.
- FIG. 2 it is imagined that the laser oscillation units 10 and 11 input the first incident light and the second incident light to the resonator structure 12 at an angle.
- the laser oscillation units 10 and 11 input the first incident light and the second incident light in a direction D2 that is inclined by an angle ⁇ with respect to a direction D1 that is a direction perpendicular to the main surface 12a in the resonator structure 12.
- the laser oscillation units 10 and 11 cause the first incident light and the second incident light to enter at an equal angle, and the inclination angle ⁇ is adjusted in the range of 0 ° to 90 °. .
- the frequency at which the resonator mode is generated (hereinafter referred to as "resonance frequency").
- the resonance frequency is not limited to indicating one value of the frequency, and may be a frequency band having a certain width for generating the resonator mode. 3 and 4, this is imaged as the transmittance with respect to the wavelength.
- FIG. 3 shows graphs G1 and G2 when the laser oscillation units 10 and 11 input the first incident light in the s-polarized state and the second incident light in the p-polarized state perpendicular to the main surface 12a of the resonator structure 12. Is displayed.
- the resonance frequency in the graph G1 of the first incident light in the s-polarized state is a frequency corresponding to the wavelength H1 (for example, 1064 nm)
- the resonance frequency in the graph G2 of the second incident light in the p-polarized state is in the wavelength H2 (for example, 1064 nm). Corresponding frequency.
- H1 for example, 1064 nm
- the laser oscillation units 10 and 11 input the first incident light in the s-polarized state and the second incident light in the p-polarized state at an angle of 15 ° to the main surface 12 a of the resonator structure 12.
- Cases are displayed in graphs G3 and G4, respectively.
- the resonance frequency in the graph G3 of the first incident light in the s-polarized state is a frequency corresponding to the wavelength H3
- the resonance frequency in the graph G4 of the second incident light in the p-polarized state is a frequency corresponding to the wavelength H4.
- FIG. 3 in the case of normal incidence, there is no resonance frequency shift between s-polarized light and p-polarized light. That is, the wavelength H1 and the wavelength H2 are the same. Therefore, in FIG.
- the graphs G1 and G2 are displayed overlapping each other.
- the shift is indicated by reference sign Z1.
- the graph G3 is shifted from the graph G1, and the wavelength of the resonance frequency is shifted from the wavelength H1 to the wavelength H3.
- the graph G4 is shifted from the graph G2, and the wavelength of the resonance frequency is shifted from the wavelength H2. This indicates that the wavelength has been shifted to H4.
- 3 and 4 show a case where a simple photonic crystal 123 is employed as the resonator structure 12 in the configuration example 3 described later, and the incident angles ⁇ are set to 0 ° and 15 °, respectively.
- the output light of the terahertz light generation device 1 according to the first embodiment has a frequency corresponding to the shift Z1 shown in FIG. 4 when the temperature adjustment described later is not performed.
- the two incident lights input to the resonator structure 12 by the laser oscillation units 10 and 11 have different frequencies.
- the frequency of the first incident light in the s-polarized state matches the resonance frequency of the s-polarized light according to the tilt angle ⁇ of the laser oscillator 10
- the frequency of the second incident light in the p-polarized state is the laser oscillator 11. This coincides with the resonance frequency of the p-polarized light according to the inclination angle ⁇ .
- the transmittance of the s-polarized light has a peak at the wavelength H3, and the first incident light in the s-polarized state is at the wavelength H3. It has a corresponding frequency.
- the transmittance of p-polarized light has a peak at the wavelength H4, and the second incident light in the p-polarized state has a frequency corresponding to the wavelength H4.
- the wavelength H4 is 1060.85 nm in the case of the simple resonator of the configuration example 1, and the composite photonic of the configuration example 2
- the wavelength H4 was 1060.4 nm
- the wavelength H4 was 1060.15 nm.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing how the resonance frequency changes due to temperature adjustment in the situation shown in FIG.
- the frequency of the first incident light in the s-polarized state is v1 (frequency corresponding to the wavelength H5) and the frequency of the second incident light in the p-polarized state is v2 (frequency corresponding to the wavelength H6)
- the output light is the difference
- the temperature controller 13 When the incident angle ⁇ is increased, the frequency of the resonator mode is shifted to the high frequency side. This is shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 described above. Therefore, the temperature adjuster 13 adjusts the temperature of the resonator structure 12 to control the refractive index in order to return the moved resonance frequency to the original resonance frequency. Accordingly, the resonance frequency of the first incident light in the s-polarized state and the resonance frequency of the second incident light in the p-polarized state are controlled, and either one of the two resonance frequencies is controlled to be constant.
- the resonance frequency of the second incident light in the p-polarized state is controlled so as to be constant by returning to the resonance frequency in the state where the incident angle is zero (normal incidence state). In FIG. 5, this is imaged by an arrow.
- the resonance frequency of the first incident light in the s-polarized state is changed from the wavelength H3 to the wavelength H5.
- the resonance frequency (frequency corresponding to the wavelength H4) of the second incident light in the p-polarized state is changed to the wavelength H6 by temperature adjustment.
- the wavelength H6 is a wavelength that coincides with or is close to the resonance frequency at the time of vertical incidence (frequency corresponding to the wavelengths H1 and H2, see FIGS. 3 and 4).
- the frequency difference corresponding to the wavelength difference indicated by the symbol Z2 in FIG. 5 becomes the frequency of the output light of the terahertz light generation device 1 of the first embodiment.
- the difference in frequency corresponding to the difference in wavelength indicated by the symbol Z1 in FIGS. 4 and 5 is the output of the terahertz light generation device 1 of the first embodiment. It becomes the frequency of light.
- the temperature adjustment range at this time is, for example, a range of 220K to 390K. Note that the temperature adjustment range varies depending on the resonator structure used, that is, depending on the number of films, the film thickness, and the material of the resonator structure.
- the temperature dependence of the refractive index is shown in the following formulas (1) and (2).
- the expression (1) indicates the temperature dependence of the refractive index in the portion.
- the formula (2) shows the temperature dependence of the refractive index in the portion.
- n represents the refractive index
- T represents the temperature of the resonator structure 12.
- the following reference 1 is a reference relating to a technique for performing frequency control by temperature adjustment. ⁇ Reference 1> J. Talghader and J. S. Smith, Appl. Phys. Lett. 66, 335, 1995
- the resonator structure 12 uses the first incident light in the s-polarized state having the frequency v1 as signal light and the second incident light in the p-polarized state having the frequency v2 as pump light.
- the resonator structure 12 outputs light in the terahertz region as idler light.
- the first configuration example is a case where a simple resonator is employed as the resonator structure 12.
- FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram of the simple resonator 121 in this case.
- the simple resonator 121 has a structure including a defect layer made of a GaAs layer and a reflecting mirror (DBR: Distributed Bragg Reflector) made of a stack of a GaAs layer and an AlAs layer.
- DBR Distributed Bragg Reflector
- the parameters in the simple resonator 121 are summarized as follows. 1. About GaAs layer in DBR Film thickness: 99.09 nm Number of layers: 17 Refractive index: 3.588 (wavelength: 1064 nm) 2. About the AlAs layer in DBR Film thickness: 65.73 nm Number of layers: 17 Refractive index: 2.989 (wavelength: 1064 nm) 3. About the defective GaAs layer Film thickness: 2391.7 nm Number of layers: 1 layer Refractive index: 3.588 (wavelength: 1064 nm) 4). 4. Number of periods in DBR: 17 periods each before and after, a total of 34 periods Total crystal length: 7995.24 nm
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure for generating output light in a desired terahertz region using the terahertz light generating apparatus 1 including the simple resonator 121 having such a structure.
- the frequency of the terahertz wave to be generated is determined according to the application (step S1).
- the type of the resonator structure 12 is determined (step S2). It is assumed that the simple resonator 121 is determined in this configuration example.
- the incident angle ⁇ of the first incident light (signal light) in the s-polarized state and the second incident light (pump light) in the p-polarized state is determined according to the frequency of the terahertz wave to be generated (step S3). .
- the incident angle ⁇ is determined by the frequency of light to be generated.
- FIG. 8 shows the relationship between the incident angle ⁇ and the frequency of light to be generated when the simple resonator 121 is determined as the resonator structure 12. Show. As shown in FIG. 8, for example, when it is desired to generate 0.31 THz light, the incident angle ⁇ can be determined to be 65 °.
- the frequency and intensity of the pump light, the frequency and intensity of the signal light, and the temperature of the simple resonator 121 are determined (step S4).
- the frequency of the pump light is kept constant at about 281.95 THz (wavelength: 1064 nm), and the intensity is determined to be 1 MW / cm 2. In view of conversion efficiency, higher strength is desirable if possible.
- the frequency of the signal light can be determined by 281.95 THz-difference frequency (frequency of light to be generated), it is determined to be about 281.64 THz.
- the intensity of the signal light is the same as or lower than that of the pump light. Further, as shown in FIG.
- the temperature of the simple resonator 121 may be determined to be 340 K as an absolute temperature when the incident angle ⁇ is determined to be 65 ° in order to generate, for example, 0.31 THz light. it can.
- the frequency of the pump light is kept constant at about 281.95 THz (wavelength: 1064 nm).
- FIG. 10 shows the conversion efficiency at this time.
- the conversion efficiency at that time is 2.1e-006%.
- the conversion efficiency increases as the incident angle ⁇ is increased, and the maximum value of the conversion efficiency appears around 65 °.
- the maximum conversion efficiency is displayed as 2.1e-006%. This is because the confinement effect is weakened in consideration of the performance of the laser light source that can be used immediately. By changing, a higher conversion efficiency value can be obtained.
- the excellent points of this configuration example are: 1. Thinness of the element 2.
- the generation frequency is variable.
- One example is that it can be a high-power continuous light source.
- the thinness of the element, that is, the resonator structure 12 is thin on the order of three orders of magnitude compared to the conventionally known one.
- the conversion efficiency increases in proportion to the square of the thickness, it can be said that the device of the present configuration example has an unparalleled performance, taking this into account.
- the device of Non-Patent Document 3 is completely different from the device of this configuration example and is not an object of comparison, only the thinness of the resonator structure is of the same order as this configuration example. It is thought that.
- the numerical value of the conversion efficiency is higher for pulsed light having a higher peak value than continuous light. For this reason, many studies (for example, Non-Patent Documents 1 to 3 above) calculate the conversion efficiency in pulsed light, but the frequency domain resolution of pulsed light is inferior to that of continuous light. Sometimes the accuracy is inferior. Since there are very few documents that have attempted to generate terahertz of continuous light using a wavelength conversion technique that uses a nonlinear optical effect, in this specification, comparison with pulsed light is unavoidable. Compared to the case of pulsed light, the numerical value of the conversion efficiency in the first embodiment is inferior.
- the output in photomixing decreases in order units as the frequency increases, but the output in the first embodiment also decreases so much in the frequency range of 0.5 to 3.0 THz. do not do.
- the line width of the generated terahertz light is considered to be on the order of substantially the same as the line width of the pump light / signal light.
- the configuration example in the first embodiment assumes a line width on the order of GHz, a continuous light source of kHz or MHz is currently available on the market. Therefore, a further increase in conversion efficiency can be expected with a design according to that.
- the conversion efficiency value may be higher than the above-mentioned value due to the difference in the structure of the resonator structure 12 (the difference in structure itself or the difference in growth surface as shown in the following configuration examples 2 and 3). is there.
- FIG. 11 is a conceptual diagram of the composite photonic crystal structure 122 in this case.
- the composite photonic crystal structure 122 includes a photonic crystal composed of a stack of an active layer composed of a GaAs layer and a non-active layer composed of an AlAs layer, and a reflecting mirror composed of a stack of a GaAs layer and an AlAs layer. (DBR).
- the parameters in the composite photonic crystal structure 122 are summarized as follows. 1. About GaAs layer in DBR Film thickness: 79.18nm Number of layers: 14 layers Refractive index: 3.382 (wavelength: 1064 nm, temperature: 200K) 2. About the AlAs layer in DBR Film thickness: 92.49nm Number of layers: 14 layers Refractive index: 2.895 (wavelength: 1064 nm, temperature: 200K) 3. About GaAs layer in photonic crystal Film thickness: 72.53 nm Number of layers: 13 layers Refractive index: 3.382 (wavelength: 1064 nm, temperature: 200K) 4).
- the procedure for generating output light in a desired terahertz region using the terahertz light generator 1 having the composite photonic crystal structure 122 having such a structure is as shown in the flowchart of FIG.
- the frequency of the terahertz wave to be generated is determined according to the application (step S1).
- the type of the resonator structure 12 is determined (step S2). In this configuration example, it is assumed that the composite photonic crystal structure 122 is determined.
- the incident angle ⁇ of the first incident light (signal light) in the s-polarized state and the second incident light (pump light) in the p-polarized state is determined according to the frequency of the terahertz wave to be generated (step S3).
- the incident angle ⁇ is determined by the frequency of light to be generated.
- FIG. 12 shows the relationship between the incident angle ⁇ and the frequency of light to be generated when the composite photonic crystal structure 122 is determined as a resonator structure. Indicates. As shown in FIG. 12, for example, when it is desired to generate 1.55 THz light, the incident angle ⁇ can be determined to be 67 °.
- the frequency and intensity of the pump light, the frequency and intensity of the signal light, and the temperature of the composite photonic crystal structure 122 are determined (step S4).
- the frequency of the pump light is kept constant at about 281.95 THz (wavelength: 1064 nm), and its intensity is determined to be 1 MW / cm 2. In view of conversion efficiency, higher strength is desirable if possible.
- the frequency of the signal light can be determined by 281.95 THz-difference frequency (frequency of light to be generated), it is determined to be about 280.4 THz.
- the intensity of the signal light is the same as or lower than that of the pump light. Further, as shown in FIG.
- the temperature of the composite photonic crystal structure 122 is determined to be 380 K as an absolute temperature when the incident angle ⁇ is determined to be 67 ° in order to generate light of 1.55 THz, for example. be able to.
- the frequency of the pump light is kept constant at about 281.95 THz (wavelength: 1064 nm).
- FIG. 14 shows the conversion efficiency at this time.
- the conversion efficiency at that time is 6e-005%.
- the conversion efficiency increases as the incident angle ⁇ increases, and the maximum value of the conversion efficiency appears around 67 °.
- the maximum conversion efficiency is displayed as 6e-005%. This is because the confinement effect is weakened in consideration of the performance of the laser light source that can be used immediately, and the conditions are changed. Thus, a higher conversion efficiency value can be obtained. Note that the excellent points of this configuration example are the same as those described in the configuration example 1, and thus the description thereof is omitted.
- FIG. 15 is a conceptual diagram of the simple photonic crystal 123 in this case.
- the simple photonic crystal 123 has a structure including a photonic crystal formed by stacking an active layer formed of a GaAs layer and an inactive layer formed of an AlAs layer.
- the parameters in the simple photonic crystal 123 are summarized as follows. 1. About GaAs layer in photonic crystal Film thickness: 74.74nm Number of layers: 70 layers Refractive index: 3.588 (wavelength: 1064 nm) 2. About the AlAs layer in the photonic crystal Film thickness: 87.31 nm Number of layers: 69 layers Refractive index: 2.989 (wavelength: 1064 nm) 3. Total crystal length: 11256.19 nm
- the procedure for generating output light in a desired terahertz region using the terahertz light generator 1 having the simple photonic crystal 123 having such a structure is as shown in the flowchart of FIG.
- the frequency of the terahertz wave to be generated is determined according to the application (step S1).
- the type of the resonator structure 12 is determined (step S2). It is assumed that the simple photonic crystal 123 is determined in this configuration example.
- the incident angle ⁇ of the first incident light (signal light) in the s-polarized state and the second incident light (pump light) in the p-polarized state is determined according to the frequency of the terahertz wave to be generated (step S3).
- the incident angle ⁇ is determined by the frequency of light to be generated.
- FIG. 16 shows the relationship between the incident angle ⁇ and the frequency of light to be generated when the simple photonic crystal 123 is determined as a resonator structure. Show. As shown in FIG. 16, for example, when it is desired to generate 3 THz light, the incident angle ⁇ can be determined to be 85 °.
- the frequency and intensity of the pump light, the frequency and intensity of the signal light, and the temperature of the simple photonic crystal 123 are determined (step S4).
- the frequency of the pump light is kept constant at about 281.95 THz (wavelength: 1064 nm), and the intensity is determined to be 1 MW / cm 2. In view of conversion efficiency, higher strength is desirable if possible.
- the frequency of the signal light can be determined by 281.95 THz-difference frequency (frequency of light to be generated), it is determined to be about 278.95 THz.
- the intensity of the signal light is the same as or lower than that of the pump light. Further, as shown in FIG.
- the temperature of the simple photonic crystal 123 can be determined to be 420 K as an absolute temperature when the incident angle ⁇ is determined to be, for example, 85 ° in order to generate 3 THz light. .
- the frequency of the pump light is kept constant at about 281.95 THz (wavelength: 1064 nm).
- FIG. 18 shows the conversion efficiency at this time.
- the conversion efficiency at that time is 3.9e-005%.
- the conversion efficiency increases as the incident angle ⁇ increases, and the maximum value of the conversion efficiency appears near 85 °.
- the maximum conversion efficiency is displayed as 3.9e-005%. This is because the confinement effect is weakened in consideration of the performance of the laser light source that can be used immediately. By changing, a higher conversion efficiency value can be obtained. Note that the excellent points of this configuration example are the same as those described in the configuration example 1, and thus the description thereof is omitted.
- a terahertz wave is generated using a GaAs / AlAs resonator structure 12.
- the transmittance spectrum shifts as the angle increases, but there is a difference in the width of the shifted frequency between s-polarized light and p-polarized light (see FIG. 3). .
- This is considered to be a phenomenon caused by the structural birefringence caused by the periodic thin film structure, and it is considered that the effective refractive index changes depending on the polarization.
- the photoelectric field is enhanced inside the resonator structure, and a strong difference frequency generation (DFG) is generated. be able to.
- the generated difference frequency reaches the terahertz region, and its conversion efficiency is high as described above.
- the conversion efficiency according to the first embodiment is the conventional technique (particularly the intensity of incident light is GW / cm 2). It can be said that it is very superior to the case of order).
- the terahertz light generation device 1 of the first embodiment can be used as a frequency variable terahertz light source. .
- the total crystal length of the simple resonator 121 is 8.0 ⁇ m
- the total crystal length of the composite photonic crystal structure 122 is 6.9 ⁇ m
- the total crystal length of the simple photonic crystal 123 is 11.26 ⁇ m.
- the crystal length of the resonator structure 12 in the terahertz light generation device 1 of the first embodiment is about several tens of ⁇ m at most. Therefore, downsizing of the entire apparatus can be achieved, and the terahertz light generation apparatus 1 of the first embodiment can be applied as a highly versatile terahertz light source.
- the laser oscillation units 10 and 11 enter the first incident light and the second incident light to the resonator structure 12 at equal angles, and the temperature adjuster 13 adjusts the temperature of the resonator structure 12. ing.
- the resonant frequency of s-polarized light and the resonant frequency of p-polarized light are controlled, and either one of both resonant frequencies is controlled to be constant.
- temperature control can be said to be a relatively easy control method, the convenience of the apparatus configuration can be improved.
- the description of the points common to the configuration example 2 of the first embodiment will be omitted as much as possible, and differences will be mainly described.
- the ratio of the effective film thicknesses of the GaAs layer and the AlAs layer in the configuration example 2 of the first embodiment is as follows.
- the effective film thickness is a value obtained by multiplying the film thickness by the refractive index. 1.
- FIG. 19 is a conceptual diagram of the composite photonic crystal structure 124 of the second embodiment.
- the composite photonic crystal structure 124 includes a photonic crystal composed of a stacked layer of an active layer composed of a GaAs layer and an inactive layer composed of an AlAs layer, and a reflecting mirror composed of a stacked layer of a GaAs layer and an AlAs layer. (DBR).
- the parameters in the composite photonic crystal structure 124 are summarized as follows. 1. About GaAs layer in DBR Film thickness: 31.00nm Number of layers: 30 layers Refractive index: 3.382 (wavelength: 1064 nm, temperature: 200K) 2. About the AlAs layer in DBR Film thickness: 145.00nm Number of layers: 30 layers Refractive index: 2.895 (wavelength: 1064 nm, temperature: 200K) 3. About GaAs layer in photonic crystal Film thickness: 74.50nm Number of layers: 45 layers Refractive index: 3.382 (wavelength: 1064 nm, temperature: 200K) 4).
- the effective thicknesses of the GaAs layer and the AlAs layer in the photonic crystal portion are the same, but the effective thicknesses of the GaAs layer and the AlAs layer in the DBR portion are 1 : 4 is different.
- the effective film thickness of the GaAs layer and the effective film thickness of the AlAs layer different, that is, by changing the ratio of the effective film thickness of the GaAs layer and the AlAs layer, the frequency of the transmission peak of p-polarized light and the transmission peak of s-polarized light.
- the difference ⁇ (corresponding to Z1 and Z2 in FIGS. 4 and 5) can be changed.
- FIG. 20 shows this.
- X on the horizontal axis indicates the ratio of the effective film thickness, and the vertical axis indicates ⁇ .
- X is a value expressed by the following mathematical formula.
- X effective thickness of AlAs layer / (effective thickness of GaAs layer + effective thickness of AlAs layer)
- 20B and 20C graphs G7 and G9 show the transmittance spectrum of s-polarized light, and graphs G8 and G10 show the transmittance spectrum of p-polarized light.
- X indicates the ratio of the effective film thickness. However, since the same ⁇ behavior is exhibited even in the ratio of the film thickness not multiplied by the refractive index, the ratio of the effective film thickness is described below. Is simply referred to as the film thickness ratio.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram for explaining a difference in transmittance spectrum between the case of the configuration example 2 of the first embodiment and the case of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 4A shows the case of the configuration example 2 of the first embodiment
- FIG. 4B shows the case of the second embodiment.
- the photonic crystal (PC) is configured with a film thickness ratio of 1: 1, and the maximum ⁇ is used.
- the film thickness ratio is 1: 1 in the case of the configuration example 2 of the first embodiment in FIG. 1A, and in the second embodiment in FIG. , One is thick.
- G11, 13, 15, 17, 19, and 21 indicate the transmittance spectrum of s-polarized light
- graphs G12, 14, 16, 18, 20, and 22 indicate the transmittance spectrum of p-polarized light.
- the DBR is highly reflective at the PC peak wavelength w1 of p-polarized light (the PC peak wavelength w1 of p-polarized light is the central part of the concave portion of the graph G14). , I.e., corresponding to the central part of the photonic band gap), and DBR has a high reflectance even at the PC peak wavelength w2 of s-polarized light (the PC peak wavelength w2 of s-polarized light corresponds to the central part of the concave portion of the graph G13, In other words, both the p-polarized light and the s-polarized light correspond to the DBR having the same degree of reflectance.
- the DBR is highly reflective at the PC peak wavelength w3 of p-polarized light (the PC peak wavelength w3 of p-polarized light is at the center of the concave portion of the graph G20.
- the PC peak wavelength w4 of s-polarized light does not correspond to the central portion of the concave portion of the graph G19. That is, it does not correspond to the central part of the photonic band gap), and only DB polarization is a DBR with a high confinement effect.
- the composite photonic crystal is used, in the case of the configuration example 2 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 6A, as shown in the lowermost stage of FIG. While the difference
- the full width at half maximum (full width at half maximum, FWHM) is a value indicating a difference in wavelength (frequency) that is 0.5 times the peak value of the transmission peak.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing an operation at a low angle incidence and a high angle incidence in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 4A shows the case of low angle incidence
- FIG. 4B shows the case of high angle incidence.
- both the p- and s-polarized light have the PC peak wavelengths (w5, w6) in the DBR high reflection portion, so both have high reflectivity DBR.
- the DBR for the PC peak wavelength w7 of p-polarized light has a high reflectance
- the DBR for the PC peak wavelength w8 of s-polarized light has a low reflectance.
- the procedure for generating output light in a desired terahertz region using the terahertz light generator 1 having the composite photonic crystal structure 124 having such a structure is as shown in the flowchart of FIG.
- the frequency of the terahertz wave to be generated is determined according to the application (step S1).
- the type of the resonator structure 12 is determined (step S2). In this embodiment, it is assumed that the composite photonic crystal structure 124 is determined.
- the incident angle ⁇ of the first incident light (signal light) in the s-polarized state and the second incident light (pump light) in the p-polarized state is determined according to the frequency of the terahertz wave to be generated (step S3). .
- the incident angle ⁇ is determined by the frequency of light to be generated.
- FIG. 23 shows the relationship between the incident angle ⁇ and the frequency of light to be generated when the composite photonic crystal structure 124 is determined as a resonator structure. Indicates. As shown in FIG. 23, for example, when it is desired to generate 1.2 THz light, the incident angle ⁇ can be determined to be 40 °.
- the difference ( ⁇ ) between the transmittance spectrum of p-polarized light and the transmittance spectrum of s-polarized light increases, and the generated frequency accordingly increases.
- the frequency and intensity of the pump light, the frequency and intensity of the signal light, and the temperature of the composite photonic crystal structure 124 are determined (step S4).
- the frequency of the pump light is kept constant at about 281.95 THz (wavelength: 1064 nm), and the intensity is determined to be 1 MW / cm 2. In view of conversion efficiency, higher strength is desirable if possible.
- the frequency of the signal light can be determined by 281.95 THz-difference frequency (frequency of light to be generated), it is determined to be about 280.85 THz.
- the intensity of the signal light is the same as or lower than that of the pump light.
- the temperature of the composite photonic crystal structure 124 is determined to be 290 K as an absolute temperature when the incident angle ⁇ is determined to be 40 °, for example, in order to generate 1.2 THz light. be able to.
- the frequency of the pump light is kept constant at about 281.95 THz (wavelength: 1064 nm).
- the incident angle increases, the shift of the transmittance spectrum increases. Therefore, it is necessary to change the sample temperature accordingly.
- FIG. 25 shows the conversion efficiency at this time.
- the conversion efficiency at that time is 1.8e-003%.
- FIG. 26 is a diagram for comparing the conversion efficiency in the configuration example 2 of the first embodiment with that of the second embodiment.
- a graph G35 shows the conversion efficiency in Configuration Example 2 of the first embodiment
- a graph G36 shows the conversion efficiency in the second embodiment. It can be seen that the conversion efficiency of the second embodiment is higher than that of the configuration example 2 of the first embodiment at all incident angles.
- FIG. 26 shows conversion efficiency on a log scale.
- FIG. 27 is a diagram for comparing and showing the half-value width in the configuration example 2 of the first embodiment and that of the second embodiment.
- the graph G37 shows the half-value width of p-polarized light in the configuration example 2 of the first embodiment
- the graph G38 shows the half-value width of s-polarized light in the configuration example 2 of the first embodiment
- the graph G39 shows p-polarized light in the second embodiment.
- the graph G40 shows the half width of the s-polarized light in the second embodiment. In the case of the second embodiment shown by the graphs G39 and 40, both polarizations are close to 0.01 [nm], which is the ideal half-value width, and 0.055 [nm] at the maximum.
- the half-value width of the s-polarized light is 0.01 [nm] near the incident angle of 70 °.
- the full width at half maximum of the polarization increases to 0.35 [nm].
- FIG. 28 is a diagram showing the half-value width comparison of FIG. 27 displayed on a log scale for convenience of display.
- the symbols of the graph are the same numbers.
- the difference between the half-value widths of the p-polarized light and the s-polarized light increases as the incident angle increases (see graphs G37 ′ and G38 ′).
- the difference between the half-value widths of the p-polarized light and the s-polarized light is small (see graphs G39 'and G40').
- both p-polarized light and s-polarized light can be incident on the crystal even at higher angles, which can contribute to generation of terahertz waves. Furthermore, since the half width of p-polarized light and s-polarized light is small, the effect of enhancing the electric field inside the crystal is high, and an increase in conversion efficiency can be expected.
- FIG. 29 is a diagram for illustrating a performance comparison between the second embodiment and another technology.
- Another technique to be compared in FIG. 29 is a technique described in Reference Document 2 below in the case of GaAs pseudo phase matching, for example.
- it refers to the technique described in Reference Document 3 below.
- the examples in References 2 and 3 below are examples of the highest conversion efficiency among recent papers.
- the second embodiment is certainly inferior in conversion efficiency and output intensity.
- the conversion efficiency and output intensity in the pulse response in the techniques of Reference Documents 2 and 3 and the conversion efficiency and output intensity in the continuous light source in the second embodiment.
- the conversion efficiency and output intensity in the second embodiment are simply inferior to those in the techniques of References 2 and 3. It's hard to say.
- the conversion efficiency and output intensity in a continuous light source cannot be calculated.
- the conversion efficiency and output intensity can be calculated for a continuous light source that has higher needs in the market.
- the crystals themselves in References 2 and 3 are both about 6 mm, but since the conversion efficiency is increased by attaching a resonator, the size of the resonator is the element length. On the other hand, in the second embodiment, since the crystal itself is like a resonator, it can be expected that the optical system becomes small.
- the generation of light in the terahertz region is taken as an example, but the idea of the present invention is not limited to this, and the present invention can be applied to the generation of light in regions other than the terahertz. it can.
- the laser oscillation units 10 and 11 are incident on the resonator structure 12 with the first incident light and the second incident light at an equal angle.
- the angle and the incident angle of the second incident light may be different.
- the simple resonator 121, the composite photonic crystal structure 122, and the simple photonic crystal 123 are mentioned as an example of the resonator structure 12, it is not restricted to this,
- nonpatent literature 3 The double resonator described in 1 is also a structure to which the method of the present invention can be applied.
- the material of the resonator structure 12 is limited to GaAs or AlAs for convenience of explanation.
- the material is not limited to this, and for example, ZnTe—MgTe, MgSe—ZnTe, CdTe—MgTe, InGaP / GaAs.
- any material such as GaAs / InGaAs, GaAs / Ge, and GaAs / AlGaAs that can be lattice-matched to produce a multilayer structure and has a crystal structure with broken inversion symmetry may be used.
- the first incident light is in the s-polarized state and the second incident light is in the p-polarized state. May be in the p-polarized state, and the second incident light may be in the s-polarized state.
- the optical system shown in FIG. 1 can be configured as an optical system using a fiber as shown in FIG.
- This optical system includes a polarization maintaining fiber 16 and a fiber array 17 instead of the mirror 14 and the lens 15 shown in FIG.
- a laser light source in the laser oscillation units 10 and 11 may be a product called TA pro of TOPTICA.
- the generation wavelength range is 1035 to 1085 nm
- the generation intensity is 1000 mW
- the line width is 0.1 to 1 MHz (typical linewidth., 5 ⁇ s).
- the same product having a generation wavelength region of 1060 to 1083 nm, a generation intensity of 2000 mW, and a line width of 0.1 to 1 MHz (typical linewidth., 5 ⁇ s) may be used.
- SFL-PM which is a product having a generation wavelength range of 1064 nm, a generation intensity of 2000 mW, and a line width of less than 100 kHz may be used as a product of Nova Wave.
- a fiber having a wavelength range of 1060 to 1080 nm and a polarization maintaining fiber capable of simultaneously transmitting p-polarized light and s-polarized light may be used.
- the optical system as shown in FIG. 1 can be configured as an optical system using a polarizing beam splitter as shown in FIG. 31, for example.
- This optical system includes a polarization beam splitter 18 instead of the mirror 14 shown in FIG.
- the same laser light source as that used in the optical system using the fiber can be used as the laser light source in the laser oscillation units 10 and 11.
- the polarizing beam splitter 18 a PBS-HP series manufactured by Sigma Kogyo Co., Ltd. or 05BC15PH.9 manufactured by Newport Co. can be used.
- the lens 15 the NYTL series or NYDL series of Sigma Kogyo Co., Ltd. can be used.
- SYMBOLS 1 Terahertz light generator 10, 10 ... Laser oscillation part, 12 ... Resonator structure, 12a ... Main surface in resonator structure 12, 13 ... Temperature controller, 14 ... Mirror, 15 ... Lens, 16 ... Polarization maintenance Fiber 17, fiber array 18, polarization beam splitter 121, simple resonator 122, 124 composite photonic crystal structure, 123 simple photonic crystal
- the present invention provides a light generation apparatus and a light generation method capable of efficiently generating light having a desired frequency.
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Abstract
Description
(テラヘルツ光発生装置1の全体構成)
まず、本発明の第1実施形態に係るテラヘルツ光発生装置1(特許請求の範囲における「光発生装置」に相当)の構成について、図1を参照しながら説明する。図1は、テラヘルツ光発生装置1の構成概要図である。図1に示すように、テラヘルツ光発生装置1は、レーザ発振部10,11(特許請求の範囲における「入力部」に相当)、共振器構造12、および温度調節器13(特許請求の範囲における「温度調節部」に相当)を主に備えて構成される。レーザ発振部10,11は、入射光をミラー14やレンズ15を介して共振器構造12に入力するものである。共振器構造12は、レーザ発振部10,11より入力した入射光を増強して出力光として出力するものである。
<参考文献1> J. Talghader and J. S. Smith, Appl. Phys. Lett. 66, 335, 1995
最初の構成例は、共振器構造12として単純共振器を採用した場合である。図6は、この場合の単純共振器121の概念図である。図6に示されるように、単純共振器121は、GaAs層からなる欠陥層と、GaAs層およびAlAs層の積層からなる反射鏡(DBR: Distributed BraggReflector)を備えた構造を有する。
1.DBRにおけるGaAs層について、
膜厚:99.09nm
層数:17層
屈折率:3.588(波長:1064nm)
2.DBRにおけるAlAs層について、
膜厚:65.73nm
層数:17層
屈折率:2.989(波長:1064nm)
3.欠陥層のGaAs層について、
膜厚:2391.7nm
層数:1層
屈折率:3.588(波長:1064nm)
4.DBRにおける周期数:前後それぞれ17周期ずつ、合計34周期
5.合計結晶長:7995.24nm
次の構成例は、共振器構造12として複合フォトニック結晶構造122を採用した場合である。図11は、この場合の複合フォトニック結晶構造122の概念図である。図11に示されるように、複合フォトニック結晶構造122は、GaAs層からなる活性層およびAlAs層からなる非活性層の積層からなるフォトニック結晶と、GaAs層およびAlAs層の積層からなる反射鏡(DBR)を備えた構造を有する。
1.DBRにおけるGaAs層について、
膜厚:79.18nm
層数:14層
屈折率:3.382(波長:1064nm、温度:200K)
2.DBRにおけるAlAs層について、
膜厚:92.49nm
層数:14層
屈折率:2.895(波長:1064nm、温度:200K)
3.フォトニック結晶におけるGaAs層について、
膜厚:72.53nm
層数:13層
屈折率:3.382(波長:1064nm、温度:200K)
4.フォトニック結晶におけるAlAs層について、
膜厚:84.72nm
層数:12層
屈折率:2.895(波長:1064nm、温度:200K)
5.DBRにおける周期数:前後それぞれ14周期ずつ、合計28周期
6.合計結晶長:6766.01nm
次の構成例は、共振器構造12として単純フォトニック結晶123を採用した場合である。図15は、この場合の単純フォトニック結晶123の概念図である。図15に示されるように、単純フォトニック結晶123は、GaAs層からなる活性層およびAlAs層からなる非活性層の積層からなるフォトニック結晶を備えた構造を有する。
1.フォトニック結晶におけるGaAs層について、
膜厚:74.74nm
層数:70層
屈折率:3.588(波長:1064nm)
2.フォトニック結晶におけるAlAs層について、
膜厚:87.31nm
層数:69層
屈折率:2.989(波長:1064nm)
3.合計結晶長:11256.19nm
続いて、第1実施形態にかかるテラヘルツ光発生装置1の作用および効果について説明する。第1実施形態のテラヘルツ光発生装置1では、GaAs/AlAs共振器構造12を用いてテラヘルツ波を発生させている。共振器構造12に角度をつけて光を入射すると、角度が大きくなるにつれて透過率スペクトルはシフトするが、s偏光とp偏光でそのシフトする周波数の幅に差が生じてくる(図3参照)。これは、周期的薄膜構造が起こす構造性複屈折のために生じる現象と捉えられ、偏光によって有効屈折率が変化するためと考えられる。そのとき、それぞれの偏光の透過率スペクトルに合わせた2つの周波数の光を入射させることによって、共振器構造の内部で光電場が増強され、強い差周波発生(DFG:Difference Frequency Generation)を生じさせることができる。生じた差周波はテラヘルツ領域に達し、上記で述べたようにその変換効率も高い。なお、第1実施形態において入射光の強度がMW/cm2オーダーでの連続光発生であることを考慮すれば、第1実施形態による変換効率は従来の技術(特に入射光の強度がGW/cm2オーダーの場合)に比べて非常に優れているといえる。更に、入射角度θとともに差周波の周波数も変化するため(図8、図12、図16参照)、第1実施形態のテラヘルツ光発生装置1は周波数可変のテラヘルツ光源として活用することが可能である。
以下、本発明の第2実施形態について説明する。第2実施形態は第1実施形態の構成例2と共通点が多く、差異点としては、反射鏡におけるGaAs層およびAlAs層の膜厚が異なることである。より具体的には、第2実施形態では、反射鏡におけるGaAs層およびAlAs層の有効膜厚の比が、GaAs層:AlAs層=1:4である。これに対して、第1実施形態の構成例2では、反射鏡におけるGaAs層およびAlAs層の有効膜厚の比が、GaAs層:AlAs層=1:1である。以下、第1実施形態の構成例2との共通点についてはなるべく説明を省略し、差異点を中心に説明する。
1.DBR部分において
GaAs層の有効膜厚=79.18×3.382=267.8
AlAs層の有効膜厚=92.49×2.895=267.8
GaAs層およびAlAs層の有効膜厚の比=267.8:267.8=1:1
2.フォトニック結晶部分において
GaAs層の有効膜厚=72.53×3.382=245.3
AlAs層の有効膜厚=84.72×2.895=245.3
GaAs層およびAlAs層の有効膜厚の比=245.3:245.3=1:1
1.DBRにおけるGaAs層について、
膜厚:31.00nm
層数:30層
屈折率:3.382(波長:1064nm、温度:200K)
2.DBRにおけるAlAs層について、
膜厚:145.00nm
層数:30層
屈折率:2.895(波長:1064nm、温度:200K)
3.フォトニック結晶におけるGaAs層について、
膜厚:74.50nm
層数:45層
屈折率:3.382(波長:1064nm、温度:200K)
4.フォトニック結晶におけるAlAs層について、
膜厚:87.00nm
層数:44層
屈折率:2.895(波長:1064nm、温度:200K)
5.DBRにおける周期数:前後それぞれ30周期ずつ、合計60周期
6.合計結晶長:17740.5nm
1.DBR部分において
GaAs層の有効膜厚=31.00×3.382=104.8
AlAs層の有効膜厚=145.00×2.895=419.8
GaAs層およびAlAs層の有効膜厚の比=104.8:419.8=1:4
2.フォトニック結晶部分において
GaAs層の有効膜厚=74.50×3.382=252.0
AlAs層の有効膜厚=87.00×2.895=251.9
GaAs層およびAlAs層の有効膜厚の比=252.0:251.9=1:1
X=AlAs層の有効膜厚/(GaAs層の有効膜厚+AlAs層の有効膜厚)
<参考文献2> Joseph E. Schaar,et al. “Terahertz Sources Basedon Intracavity Parametric Down-conversion in Quasi-Phase-Matched GarlliumArsenide,” IEEE Jounal Topics InQuantum Electronics, vol. 14, No. 2, 2008
<参考文献3> Eliot B.Petersen, et al. “Efficientparametric terahertz generation in quasi-phase-matched GaP through cavityenhanced difference-frequency genaration,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 121119, 2011
<参考文献4> Mikhail A.Belkin, et al. “Room temperature terahertz quantum cascade laser source basedon intracavity difference-frequency generation,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 201101,2008
Claims (12)
- 入射光を増強して出力する共振器構造と、
前記入射光を前記共振器構造に入力する入力部と、
を備え、
前記入射光は、異なる偏光状態および異なる周波数を有する第1入射光および第2入射光であり、
前記入力部は、前記共振器構造における主面に垂直の方向から傾斜した角度で、前記第1入射光および前記第2入射光を入力し、
前記共振器構造は、前記第1入射光の周波数と前記第2入射光の周波数との差分に相当する周波数を有する光を出力する、
を備えることを特徴とする光発生装置。 - 前記第1入射光がs偏光状態であり且つ前記第2入射光がp偏光状態である、または前記第1入射光がp偏光状態であり且つ前記第2入射光がs偏光状態である、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光発生装置。 - 前記s偏光状態の入射光の周波数は、前記入力部の当該傾斜角度に応じたs偏光の共振周波数であり、
前記p偏光状態の入射光の周波数は、前記入力部の当該傾斜角度に応じたp偏光の共振周波数である、
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の光発生装置。 - 前記共振器構造の温度を調節することにより、前記s偏光の共振周波数および前記p偏光の共振周波数を制御する温度調節部を更に備える、
ことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の光発生装置。 - 前記共振器構造は、GaAs層からなる欠陥層と、GaAs層およびAlAs層の積層からなる反射鏡を備えた単純共振器構造である、
ことを特徴とする請求項1~4の何れか1項に記載の光発生装置。 - 前記共振器構造は、GaAs層からなる活性層およびAlAs層からなる非活性層の積層からなるフォトニック結晶と、GaAs層およびAlAs層の積層からなる反射鏡を備えた複合フォトニック結晶構造である、
ことを特徴とする請求項1~4の何れか1項に記載の光発生装置。 - 前記反射鏡における前記GaAs層および前記AlAs層の膜厚が異なる、
ことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の光発生装置。 - 前記フォトニック結晶における前記GaAs層および前記AlAs層の有効膜厚の比は、前記GaAs層:前記AlAs層=1:1であり、前記反射鏡における前記GaAs層および前記AlAs層の有効膜厚の比は、前記GaAs層:前記AlAs層=1:4であり、前記フォトニック結晶と前記反射鏡で有効膜厚の比が異なることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の光発生装置。
- 前記共振器構造は、GaAs層からなる活性層およびAlAs層からなる非活性層の積層からなるフォトニック結晶を備えた単純フォトニック結晶構造である、
ことを特徴とする請求項1~4の何れか1項に記載の光発生装置。 - 前記共振器構造は、前記入力部が前記傾斜した角度で前記第1入射光および前記第2入射光を入力したことにより、構造性複屈折が引き起こされ、その結果として異なる値を有するようになった前記s偏光の共振周波数および前記p偏光の共振周波数の差分に相当する周波数を有する光を出力する、
ことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の光発生装置。 - 入射光を増強して出力する共振器構造と、前記入射光を前記共振器構造に入力する入力部と、を備える光発生装置において、
前記入射光は、異なる偏光状態および異なる周波数を有する第1入射光および第2入射光であり、
前記入力部が、前記共振器構造における主面に垂直の方向から傾斜した角度で、前記第1入射光および前記第2入射光を入力するステップと、
前記共振器構造が、前記第1入射光の周波数と前記第2入射光の周波数との差分に相当する周波数を有する光を出力するステップと、
を備えることを特徴とする光発生方法。 - 前記第1入射光がs偏光状態であり且つ前記第2入射光がp偏光状態であり、または前記第1入射光がp偏光状態であり且つ前記第2入射光がs偏光状態であり、
前記s偏光状態の入射光の周波数は、前記入力部の当該傾斜角度に応じたs偏光の共振周波数であり、
前記p偏光状態の入射光の周波数は、前記入力部の当該傾斜角度に応じたp偏光の共振周波数であり、
前記光発生装置は温度調節部を更に備え、
前記温度調節部が、前記共振器構造の温度を調節することにより、前記s偏光の共振周波数および前記p偏光の共振周波数を制御するステップを更に備える、
ことを特徴とする請求項11に記載の光発生方法。
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KR20170024644A (ko) * | 2015-08-25 | 2017-03-08 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | 레이저 결정화 장치 |
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