WO2012076285A1 - Composition lubrifiante - Google Patents

Composition lubrifiante Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012076285A1
WO2012076285A1 PCT/EP2011/069890 EP2011069890W WO2012076285A1 WO 2012076285 A1 WO2012076285 A1 WO 2012076285A1 EP 2011069890 W EP2011069890 W EP 2011069890W WO 2012076285 A1 WO2012076285 A1 WO 2012076285A1
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Prior art keywords
weight
carbon atoms
meth
lubricant
alkyl
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PCT/EP2011/069890
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English (en)
Inventor
Christopher Paul Radano
Justin August Langston
Peter Moore
Mandi J Mcelwain
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Evonik Rohmax Additives Gmbh
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Publication of WO2012076285A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012076285A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C10M169/041—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being macromolecular compounds only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M161/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
    • C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/106—Naphthenic fractions
    • C10M2203/1065—Naphthenic fractions used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
    • C10M2205/0285—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an acyloxy radical of saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an acyloxy radical of saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid
    • C10M2209/062—Vinyl esters of saturated carboxylic or carbonic acids, e.g. vinyl acetate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
    • C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/106—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing four carbon atoms only
    • C10M2209/1065—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing four carbon atoms only used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/024—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amido or imido group
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/028—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a nitrogen-containing hetero ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/68—Shear stability
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C10N2040/042—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for automatic transmissions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C10N2040/045—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for continuous variable transmission [CVT]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C10N2040/046—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for traction drives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids

Definitions

  • a lubricant composition A lubricant composition
  • the present invention relates to a lubricant composition having improved properties comprising a viscosity index improver and a base oil. Furthermore the present invention describes a use of naphthenic oils to improve the viscosity performance of a lubricant comprising an ester group containing polymer.
  • the viscosity index (VI) of a fluid refers to the ability for a fluid to maintain viscosity and lubricity over a specified temperature range, most often between 40 °C and 100 °C. Increasing the VI of a fluid not only leads to enhanced lubrication, but also can provide additional benefits and utilities which may distinguish the overall performance of one fluid versus another. Such benefits may include reduced viscosities at colder
  • the viscosity index of a lubricant formulation may be modified by addition of a viscosity modifier or by altering the composition of the base fluid. Viscosity index of formulated lubricating oil can be improved by the choice of base oil as well as the viscosity modifier.
  • the base oils used are generally selected from a class of mineral base oils (Groups I-III) or synthetic oils such as poly alpha- olefins (Group IV) or ester-based oils (Group V) .
  • the viscosity index of these base fluids generally increase as the fluid changes from a Group I to Group III. Synthetic base fluids (Groups IV-V) are beneficial for their
  • Viscosity modifiers are generally selected from a class of polymers such as polyolefins and polymethacrylates .
  • PAMAs Poly ( alkylmethacrylates )
  • weight/shear stability adjustments and solvent selection may affect performance of the polymer as a VI improver in a lubricant composition.
  • Poly ( alkylmethacrylates ) (PAMA) represent a class of VI improvers that have been used for many years and boast favorable viscosity profiles in lubricating oils at high and low temperature.
  • hydrocarbon oil based lubricants for better performance which would contribute to reduced fuel
  • JP2007031666 describes methacrylate-based VI improvers prepared in a solvent such as ester-oil synthetic solvent, which increase the VI of ester-based synthetic fluids.
  • the described viscosity index improvers contain a copolymer (A) comprising alkyl (meth) acrylate ( al ) selected from group consisting of C 1 - alkyl and C 1 -4 hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylate ester, Cn-15 alkyl (meth) acrylate ester (a2), and C16-2 alkyl (meth) acrylate ester (a3) .
  • a solvent (D) may be an organic solvent
  • JP2007031666 provides no indication that the copolymers are useful for improving the VI of hydrocarbon oil-based formulations .
  • JP 2006077119 reports the use of various ester oils which are used as solvents for synthetic base fluids. These ester-based synthetic fluids have benefits in low
  • JP 2627725 describes the synthesis of ethylene-alpha- olefin-MA based copolymers which may contain grafted side- chains and VI improvers containing the copolymers.
  • the VI improvers are added to lubricating oils based on mineral oil, synthetics, ester-based synthetics and mixtures thereof .
  • US 6303548 describes a lubrication oil which is a
  • EP 992570 A3 provides no discussion of VI benefit or notable low temperature benefit by addition of ester oil as an additive.
  • the viscosity index improvement should be achievable in a simple and inexpensive manner
  • the present invention accordingly provides a lubricant composition
  • a lubricant composition comprising a viscosity index improver and a base oil, characterized in that the viscosity index
  • the lubricant composition comprises a
  • naphthenic oil having a low viscosity
  • the present lubricants provide a high efficiency to the viscosity index improvers while retaining high shear stability.
  • inventive lubricants allow a series of further advantages to be achieved. These include:
  • the inventive lubricants have a particularly high viscosity index-improving effectiveness in hydrocarbon oils. These properties are achieved by low treating rates and high shear stabilities.
  • the lubricants of the present invention can be prepared in a particularly easy and simple manner. Furthermore, a high amount of high efficient viscosity index improving polymers can be used. It is possible to use customary industrial scale plants. Furthermore, the present polymers impart fuel efficiency to vehicles using the inventive lubricants. In addition, hydraulic fluids comprising the present polymers show very low fuel
  • the lubricant of the present invention comprises a
  • lubricant composition including at least one ester group containing polymer.
  • the present invention uses ester group containing polymers which preferably have a high oil solubility.
  • oil- soluble means that a mixture of a base oil and a polymer comprising ester groups is preparable without macroscopic phase formation, which has at least 0.1% by weight, preferably at least 0.5% by weight, of the polymers.
  • the polymer may be present in dispersed and/or dissolved form in this mixture.
  • the oil solubility depends especially on the proportion of the lipophilic side chains and on the base oil. This property is known to those skilled in the art and can be adjusted readily for the particular base oil via the proportion of lipophilic monomers.
  • polymers which comprise ester groups and preferably have a weight-average molecular weight M w in the range from 10000 to 2 000 000 g/mol, especially from 20 000 to 800 000 g/mol, more preferably 40 000 to 500 000 g/mol and most preferably 60 000 to 250 000 g/mol.
  • the number-average molecular weight M n may preferably be in the range from 5000 to 1 000 000 g/mol, especially from 10000 to 800 000 g/mol, more preferably 15000 to
  • the polymers which comprise ester groups preferably exhibit a polydispersity, given by the ratio of the weight average molecular weight to the number average molecular weight Mw/Mn, in the range of 1 to 15, more preferably 1.1 to 10, especially preferably 1.2 to 5.
  • ester group containing polymer having preferably a polydispersity in the range of 1.05 to 2.0, especially 1.10 to 1.65, more preferably 1.15 to 1.4.
  • the polydispersity may be
  • the polymer comprising ester groups may have a variety of structures.
  • dispersing polymers may be present as a statistical copolymer or a diblock, triblock,
  • the polymer may especially be present as a graft copolymer. According to a preferred embodiment of the present
  • the polymers comprising ester groups may include polyalkyl (meth) acrylates (PAMAs), polyalkyl fumarates and/or polyalkyl maleates.
  • PAMAs polyalkyl (meth) acrylates
  • Polymers comprising ester groups are understood in the context of the present invention to mean polymers
  • ester monomers are known per se. They include especially (meth) acrylates , maleates and fumarates, which may have different alcohol radicals.
  • (meth) acrylates encompasses methacrylates and acrylates, and mixtures of the two. These monomers are widely known.
  • the alkyl part may be linear, cyclic or branched. The alkyl part may also have known substituents . Accordingly, these polymers contain ester groups as part of the side chain.
  • the polymer comprising ester groups can be used singly or as a mixture of polymers having different molecular
  • the polymer comprising ester groups comprises preferably at least 40% by weight, more preferably at least 60% by weight, especially preferably at least 80% by weight and most preferably at least 90% by weight of repeat units derived from ester monomers.
  • the term "repeating unit" is widely known in the technical field.
  • the present polymers comprising ester groups can preferably be obtained by means of free-radical
  • the repeat unit is obtained from the monomers used.
  • the polymers comprising ester groups preferably contain repeating units derived from ester monomers having 7 to 4000 carbon atoms in the alcohol part.
  • the polymer comprises at least 40 % by weight, especially at least 60 % by weight and more preferably at least 80 % by weight of repeating units derived from ester monomers having 7 to 4000 carbon atoms, preferably 7 to 300 carbon atoms and more preferably 7 to 30 carbon atoms in the alcohol part.
  • ester monomers having 16 to 4000 carbon atoms, preferably 16 to 300 carbon atoms and more preferably 16 to 30 carbon atoms in the alcohol part, and repeating units derived from ester monomers having 7 to 15 carbon atoms in the alcohol part.
  • the polymer comprising ester groups may contain 5 to 100% by weight, especially 20 to 95% by weight and more
  • the polymer comprising ester groups may contain 0 to 90% by weight, preferably 5 to 80% by weight and more preferably 40 to 70% by weight of repeat units derived from ester monomers having 16 to 4000, preferably 16 to 30 carbon atoms in the alcohol part.
  • the polymer may comprise repeating units derived from ester monomers having 23 to 4000 carbon atoms, preferably 23 to 400 carbon atoms and more preferably 23 to 300 carbon atoms in the alcohol part.
  • the polymer comprising ester groups may contain 0.1 to 60% by weight, especially 5 to 40% by weight, preferably 10 to 30% by weight and more preferably 15 to 20% by weight, of repeat units derived from ester monomers having 1 to 6 carbon atoms in the alcohol part, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alcohol part, more preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms in the alcohol part.
  • the polymer comprising ester groups may contain 0.1 to 60% by weight, especially 5 to 40% by weight, preferably 10 to 30% by weight and more preferably 15 to 20% by weight, of repeat units derived from ester monomers having 1 carbon atom in the alcohol part, with methyl
  • the polymer comprising ester groups comprises preferably at least 40% by weight, more preferably at least 60% by weight, especially preferably at least 80% by weight and very particularly at least 95% by weight of repeat units derived from ester monomers.
  • Mixtures from which the inventive polymers comprising ester groups are obtainable may contain 0 to 40% by weight, especially 5 to 30% by weight and more preferably 10 to 20% by weight of one or more ethylenically unsaturated ester compounds of the formula (I)
  • R is hydrogen or methyl
  • R is a linear or
  • R 2 and R 3 are each independently hydrogen or a group of the formula -COOR' in which R' is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms .
  • component (I) examples include
  • (meth) acrylates , fumarates and maleates which derive from saturated alcohols, such as methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, n-propyl (meth) acrylate, isopropyl
  • cycloalkyl (meth) acrylates such as cyclopentyl
  • compositions to be polymerized preferably contain 0 to 100% by weight, particularly 5 to 95% by weight, especially 20 to 90% by weight and more preferably 30 to 60% by weight of one or more ethylenically unsaturated ester compounds of the formula (II)
  • R is hydrogen or methyl
  • R 4 is a linear or
  • R 5 and R 6 are each independently hydrogen or a group of the formula -COOR' ' in which R" is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 7 to 15 carbon atoms.
  • component (II) examples include:
  • (meth) acrylates , fumarates and maleates which derive from saturated alcohols, such as 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, heptyl (meth) acrylate, 2-tert-butylheptyl (meth) acrylate, octyl (meth) acrylate, 3-isopropylheptyl (meth) acrylate, nonyl (meth) acrylate, decyl (meth) acrylate, 2- propylheptyl (meth) acrylate, undecyl (meth) acrylate,
  • saturated alcohols such as 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, heptyl (meth) acrylate, 2-tert-butylheptyl (meth) acrylate, octyl (meth) acrylate, 3-isopropylheptyl (meth) acrylate, nonyl (meth)
  • (meth) acrylates which derive from unsaturated alcohols, for example oleyl (meth) acrylate ;
  • cycloalkyl (meth) acrylates such as 3-vinylcyclohexyl
  • preferred monomer compositions comprise 0 to 100% by weight, particularly 0.1 to 90% by weight,
  • R is hydrogen or methyl
  • R is a linear or
  • R 8 and R 9 are each independently hydrogen or a group of the formula - COOR' ' ' in which R' ' ' is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 16 to 4000, preferably 16 to 400 and more preferably 16 to 30 carbon atoms.
  • component (III) examples include (meth) acrylates which derive from saturated alcohols, such as hexadecyl
  • cycloalkyl (meth) acrylates such as 2 , 4 , 5-tri-t-butyl- 3-vinylcyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, 2 , 3 , 4 , 5-tetra- t-butylcyclohexyl (meth) acrylate,
  • the C16-C 000 alkyl (meth) acrylate monomers preferably the C16-C 00 alkyl (meth) acrylate monomers include polyolefin-based macromonomers .
  • the polyolefin-based macromonomers comprise at least one group which is derived from polyolefins.
  • Polyolefins are known in the technical field, and can be obtained by polymerizing alkenes and/or alkadienes which consist of the elements carbon and hydrogen, for example C2-Cio-alkenes such as ethylene, propylene, n-butene, isobutene, norbornene, and/or Cj-Cio-alkadienes such as butadiene, isoprene, norbornadiene .
  • the polyolefin-based macromonomers comprise preferably at least 70% by weight and more preferably at least 80% by weight and most preferably at least 90% by weight of groups which are derived from alkenes and/or alkadienes, based on the weight of the polyolefin-based macromonomers.
  • the polyolefinic groups may in particular also be present in hydrogenated form.
  • the alkyl (meth) acrylate monomers derived from polyolefin- based macromonomers may comprise further groups. These include small proportions of copolymerizable monomers.
  • These monomers are known per se and include, among other monomers, alkyl (meth) acrylates , styrene monomers,
  • monomers is preferably at most 30% by weight, more
  • polyolefin-based macromonomers may comprise start groups and/or end groups which serve for functionalization or are caused by the preparation of the polyolefin-based
  • the proportion of these start groups and/or end groups is preferably at most 30% by weight, more preferably at most 15% by weight, based on the weight of the polyolefin-based macromonomers.
  • the number-average molecular weight of the polyolefin-based macromonomers is preferably in the range from 500 to 50 000 g/mol, more preferably from 700 to 10 000 g/mol, in
  • the polyolefin-based macromonomers preferably have a low melting point, which is measured by means of DSC.
  • the melting point of the polyolefin-based macromonomers is preferably less than or equal to -10°C, especially
  • no DSC melting point can be measured for the repeat units which are derived from the polyolefin-based macromonomers in the ester group containing copolymer.
  • components (II) and (III) can be obtained, for example, by reacting (meth) acrylates , fumarates, maleates and/or the corresponding acids with long-chain fatty alcohols, which generally gives rise to a mixture of esters, for example (meth) acrylates with different long- chain hydrocarbons in the alcohol parts.
  • fatty alcohols include Oxo Alcohol® 7911, Oxo Alcohol® 7900, Oxo Alcohol® 1100; Alfol® 610, Alfol® 810, Lial® 125 and Nafol® types (Sasol) ; Alphanol® 79 (ICI); Epal® 610 and Epal® 810 (Afton) ; Linevol® 79, Linevol® 911 and Neodol® 25E (Shell) ; Dehydad®, Hydrenol® and Lorol® types (Cognis); Acropol® 35 and Exxal® 10 (Exxon Chemicals); Kalcol® 2465 (Kao
  • the (meth) acrylates are particularly preferred over the
  • R , R , R , R , R and R of the formulae (I), (II) and (III) in particularly preferred embodiments are each hydrogen.
  • the weight ratio of units derived from ester monomers having 7 to 15 carbon atoms, preferably of the formula (II), to the units derived from ester monomers having 16 to 4000 carbon atoms, preferably of the formula (III), may be within a wide range.
  • monomers having 16 to 4000 carbon atoms in the alcohol part is preferably in the range from 30:1 to 1:30, more
  • the polymer may contain units derived from comonomers as an optional component. These comonomers include
  • aryl (meth) acrylates like benzyl (meth) acrylate or phenyl (meth) acrylate, where the acryl residue in each case can be unsubstituted or substituted up to four times;
  • (meth) acrylates of halogenated alcohols like 2,3- dibromopropyl (meth) acrylate, 4-bromophenyl (meth) acrylate, 1 , 3-dichloro-2-propyl (meth) acrylate, 2-bromoethyl
  • (meth) acrylate 2-iodoethyl (meth) acrylate, chloromethyl (meth) acrylate; nitriles of (meth) acrylic acid and other nitrogen- containing (meth) acrylates like N- (methacryloyloxyethyl ) diisobutylketimine, N- (methacryloyloxyethyl ) dihexadecylketimine,
  • (meth) acrylate vinyl halides such as, for example, vinyl chloride, vinyl fluoride, vinylidene chloride and vinylidene fluoride; vinyl esters like vinyl acetate; vinyl monomers containing aromatic groups like styrene, substituted styrenes with an alkyl substituent in the side chain, such as -methylstyrene and -ethylstyrene,
  • substituted styrenes with an alkyl substituent on the ring such as vinyltoluene and p-methylstyrene, halogenated styrenes such as monochlorostyrenes , dichlorostyrenes , tribromostyrenes and tetrabromostyrenes ; vinyl and isoprenyl ethers; maleic acid and maleic acid derivatives such as mono- and diesters of maleic acid, maleic anhydride, methylmaleic anhydride, maleinimide, methylmaleinimide ; fumaric acid and fumaric acid derivatives such as, for example, mono- and diesters of fumaric acid; methacrylic acid and acrylic acid.
  • the ester group containing polymer comprises dispersing
  • Dispersing monomers are understood to mean especially monomers with functional groups, for which it can be assumed that polymers with these functional groups can keep particles, especially soot particles, in solution (cf. R.M. Mortier, S.T. Orszulik (eds.) : “Chemistry and Technology of Lubricants", Blackie Academic & Professional, London, 2 nd ed. 1997) .
  • These include especially monomers which have boron-, phosphorus-, silicon-, sulfur-, oxygen- and
  • nitrogen-containing groups preference being given to oxygen- and nitrogen-functionalized monomers.
  • R is hydrogen or methyl
  • X is oxygen, sulfur or an amino group of the formula -NH- or -NR a - in which R a is an alkyl radical having 1 to 40 and preferably 1 to 4 carbon
  • R is a radical which comprises 2 to 1000
  • R 11 and R 12 are each independently hydrogen or
  • R a' is an alkyl radical having 1 to 40 and preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms
  • R 10' is a radical comprising 1 to 100, preferably 1 to 30 and more preferably 1 to 15 carbon atoms, as dispersing monomers.
  • radical comprising 2 to 1000 carbon denotes radicals of organic compounds having 2 to 1000 carbon atoms. Similar definitions apply for corresponding terms.
  • aromatic and heteroaromatic groups and alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, alkenyl, alkanoyl, alkoxycarbonyl groups, and also heteroaliphatic groups.
  • the groups mentioned may be branched or unbranched. In addition, these groups may have customary substituents .
  • Substituents are, for example, linear and branched alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, for example methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, 2-methylbutyl or hexyl;
  • cycloalkyl groups for example cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl; aromatic groups such as phenyl or naphthyl; amino groups, hydroxyl groups, ether groups, ester groups and halides.
  • aromatic groups denote radicals of mono- or polycyclic aromatic compounds having preferably 6 to 20 and especially 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
  • Heteroaromatic groups denote aryl radicals in which at least one CH group has been replaced by N and/or at least two adjacent CH groups have been replaced by S, NH or 0, heteroaromatic groups having 3 to 19 carbon atoms.
  • Aromatic or heteroaromatic groups preferred in accordance with the invention derive from benzene, naphthalene, biphenyl, diphenyl ether, diphenylmethane,
  • diphenyldimethylmethane bisphenone, diphenyl sulfone, thiophene, furan, pyrrole, thiazole, oxazole, imidazole, isothiazole, isoxazole, pyrazole, 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole,
  • benzotriazole dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, carbazole, pyridine, bipyridine, pyrazine, pyrazole, pyrimidine, pyridazine, 1, 3, 5-triazine, 1 , 2 , 4-triazine,
  • phenothiazine acridizine, benzopteridine, phenanthroline and phenanthrene, each of which may also optionally be substituted.
  • the preferred alkyl groups include the methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, 1-butyl, 2-butyl, 2-methylpropyl , tert- butyl radical, pentyl, 2-methylbutyl , 1 , 1-dimethylpropyl , hexyl, heptyl, octyl, 1 , 1 , 3 , 3-tetramethylbutyl , nonyl, 1-decyl, 2-decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, pentadecyl and the eicosyl group.
  • the preferred cycloalkyl groups include the cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and the cyclooctyl group, each of which is optionally substituted with branched or unbranched alkyl groups.
  • the preferred alkanoyl groups include the formyl, acetyl, propionyl, 2-methylpropionyl , butyryl, valeroyl, pivaloyl, hexanoyl, decanoyl and the dodecanoyl group.
  • the preferred alkoxycarbonyl groups include the
  • the preferred alkoxy groups include alkoxy groups whose hydrocarbon radical is one of the aforementioned preferred alkyl groups.
  • the preferred cycloalkoxy groups include cycloalkoxy groups whose hydrocarbon radical is one of the aforementioned preferred cycloalkyl groups.
  • the preferred heteroatoms which are present m the R radical include oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, boron, silicon and phosphorus, preference being given to oxygen and nitrogen .
  • the R radical comprises at least one, preferably at least two, preferentially at least three, heteroatoms.
  • the R radical m ester compounds of the formula (IV) preferably has at least 2 different heteroatoms.
  • compounds of the formula (IV) may comprise at least one nitrogen atom and at least one oxygen atom.
  • (meth) acrylates aminoalkyl (meth) acrylamides , hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates , (meth) acrylates of ether alcohols, heterocyclic (meth) acrylates and/or carbonyl-containing
  • the hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates include
  • (meth) acrylate ethoxylated (meth) acrylates , 1-ethoxybutyl (meth) acrylate, methoxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethoxy-2- ethoxy-2-ethoxyethyl (meth) acrylate, esters of
  • heterocyclic (meth) acrylates include
  • diethylphosphatoethyl (meth) acrylate diethylphosphatoethyl (meth) acrylate.
  • the preferred heterocyclic vinyl compounds include
  • N-vinylpyrrolidone 2-vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinylpyrrolidine, 3-vinylpyrrolidine, N-vinylcaprolactarn,
  • the monomers detailed above can be used individually or as a mixture .
  • polymers which comprise ester groups and are obtained using 2- hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, mono-2-methacryloyloxyethyl succinate,
  • ester groups comprise polymers being obtained using N-vinyl-2- pyrrolidine and/or N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone .
  • the proportion of dispersing repeat units in a statistical polymer is preferably in the range from 0 % by weight to 20% by weight, more preferably in the range from 1% by weight to 15% by weight and most preferably in the range from 2.5% by weight to 10% by weight.
  • the dispersing repeating unit can be selected from dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide (DMAPMA) and/or dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate (DMAPMA) and the amount of dispersing repeating based on the weight of the polymers comprising ester groups, is preferably in the range from 0.5 % by weight to 10% by weight, more
  • DMAPMA dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide
  • DMAPMA dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate
  • the dispersing repeating unit can be selected from 2- ( 4-morpholinyl ) ethylmethacrylate (MOEMA) , 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate (HEMA) and/or
  • HPMA hydroxypropylmethacrylate
  • dispersing repeating based on the weight of the polymers comprising ester groups is preferably in the range from 2 % by weight to 20% by weight, more preferably in the range from 5 % by weight to 10% by weight.
  • the ester group containing polymer may comprise only a low amount of dispersing repeating units. According such aspect, the proportion of the dispersing repeat units is preferably at most 5 %, more preferably at most 2 % and most preferably at most 0.5 %, based on the weight of the polymers comprising ester groups.
  • the lubricant used in the motor may preferably comprise a mixture of polymers and at least one of the polymers comprises a considerable amount of dispersing repeating units and at least one of the polymers comprises a low amount of dispersing repeating units as mentioned above.
  • the ester group containing polymer is a graft copolymer having an non-dispersing alkyl (meth) acrylate polymer as graft base and an dispersing monomer as graft layer.
  • non-dispersing alkyl (meth) acrylate polymer essentially comprises (meth) acrylate monomer units according formulae (I), (II) and (III) as defined above and below.
  • the proportion of dispersing repeat units in a graft or block copolymer, based on the weight of the polymers comprising ester groups, is preferably in the range from 0 % by weight to 20% by weight, more preferably in the range from 1% by weight to 15% by weight and most preferably in the range from 2.5% by weight to 10% by weight.
  • the dispersing monomer preferably is a heterocyclic vinyl compound as mentioned above and below.
  • the ester group containing polymer is an alkyl (meth) acrylate polymer having at least one polar block and at least one hydrophobic block.
  • the polar block comprises at least three units derived from monomers of the formula (IV) and/or from heterocyclic vinyl compounds, which are bonded directly to one another.
  • Preferred polymers comprise at least one hydrophobic block and at least one polar block, said polar block having at least eight repeat units and the proportion by weight of dispersing repeat units in the polar block being at least 30%, based on the weight of the polar block.
  • the term "block” in this context denotes a section of the polymer.
  • the blocks may have an essentially constant composition composed of one or more monomer units.
  • the blocks may have a gradient, in which case the concentration of different monomer units (repeat units) varies over the segment length.
  • the polar blocks differ from the hydrophobic block via the proportion of dispersing monomers.
  • the hydrophobic blocks may have at most a small proportion of dispersing repeat units (monomer units), whereas the polar block comprise a high proportion of dispersing repeat units (monomer units) .
  • the polar block may preferably comprise at least 8, especially preferably at least 12 and most preferably at least 15 repeat units. At the same time, the polar block comprise at least 30% by weight, preferably at least 40% by weight, of dispersing repeat units, based on the weight of the polar block. In addition to the dispersing repeat units, the polar block may also have repeat units which do not have any dispersing effect.
  • the polar block may have a random structure, such that the different repeat units have a random distribution over the segment length.
  • the polar block may have a block structure or a structure in the form of a gradient, such that the non-dispersing repeat units and the dispersing repeat units within the polar block have an inhomogeneous distribution.
  • the hydrophobic block may comprise a small proportion of dispersing repeat units, which is preferably less than 20% by weight, more preferably less than 10% by weight and most preferably less than 5% by weight, based on the weight of the hydrophobic block.
  • the hydrophobic block comprises essentially no dispersing repeat units.
  • the hydrophobic block of the polymer comprising ester groups may have 5 to 100% by weight, especially 20 to 98% by weight, preferably 30 to 95 and most preferably 70 to 92% by weight of repeat units derived from ester monomers having 7 to 15 carbon atoms in the alcohol radical.
  • the hydrophobic block of the polymer comprising ester groups may have 0 to 80% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 60% by weight, more preferably 2 to 50% by weight and most preferably 5 to 20% by weight of repeat units derived from ester monomers having 16 to 4000 carbon atoms in the alcohol radical.
  • the hydrophobic block of the polymer may have 5 to 100% by weight, especially 20 to 98% by weight, preferably 30 to 95 and most preferably 70 to 92% by weight of repeat units derived from ester monomers having 7 to 15 carbon atoms in the alcohol radical.
  • the hydrophobic block of the polymer comprising ester groups may have 0 to 80% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 60% by weight, more preferably 2 to 50% by weight and most
  • ester groups may have 0 to 40% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 30% by weight and more preferably 0.5 to 20% by weight of repeat units derived from ester monomers having 1 to 6 carbon atoms in the alcohol radical.
  • the hydrophobic block of the polymer comprising ester groups comprises preferably at least 40% by weight, more preferably at least 60% by weight, especially preferably at least 80% by weight and most preferably at least 90% by weight of repeat units derived from ester monomers.
  • the length of the hydrophobic and hydrophobic blocks may vary within wide ranges.
  • the hydrophobic block preferably possess a weight-average degree of polymerization of at least 10, especially at least 40.
  • the weight-average degree of polymerization of the hydrophobic block is preferably in the range from 20 to 5000, especially from 50 to 2000.
  • the proportion of dispersing repeat units, based on the weight of the polymers comprising ester groups, is
  • these repeat units preferably form a segment-like structure within the polymer comprising ester groups, such that preferably at least 70% by weight, more preferably at least 80% by weight, based on the total weight of the dispersing repeat units, are part of a polar block.
  • the weight ratio of said hydrophobic block and said polar block is in the range from 100:1 to 1:1, more preferably in the range from 30:1 to 2:1 and most
  • ester group containing polymers from the above-described compositions is known per se.
  • a polymerization initiator and a chain transfer agent are used for this purpose.
  • the usable initiators include the azo initiators widely known in the technical field, such as AIBN and 1 , 1-azobiscyclohexane- carbonitrile, and also peroxy compounds such as methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, acetylacetone peroxide, dilauryl peroxide, tert-butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate, ketone peroxide, tert-butyl peroctoate, methyl isobutyl ketone peroxide, cyclohexanone peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxybenzoate, tert-butyl peroxyisopropylcarbonate,
  • Suitable chain transfer agents are in particular oil- soluble mercaptans, for example n-dodecyl mercaptan or 2- mercaptoethanol , or else chain transfer agents from the class of the terpenes, for example terpinolene.
  • the ATRP process is known per se. It is assumed that it is a "living" free-radical polymerization, without any
  • a transition metal compound is reacted with a compound which has a transferable atom group. This transfers the transferable atom group to the transition metal compound, which oxidizes the metal. This reaction forms a radical which adds onto ethylenic groups.
  • the transfer of the atom group to the transition metal compound is reversible, so that the atom group is transferred back to the growing polymer chain, which forms a controlled polymerization system.
  • the structure of the polymer, the molecular weight and the molecular weight distribution can be controlled
  • the polymerization may be carried out at standard pressure, reduced pressure or elevated pressure.
  • the polymerization temperature is generally in the range of -20° - 200°C, preferably 0° - 160°C and more preferably 60° - 140°C.
  • the polymerization may be carried out with or without solvent.
  • solvent is to be understood here in a broad sense.
  • the polymerization is preferably carried out in a nonpolar solvent.
  • nonpolar solvent include hydrocarbon solvents, for example aromatic solvents such as toluene, benzene and xylene, saturated hydrocarbons, for example cyclohexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, dodecane, which may also be present in branched form.
  • hydrocarbon solvents for example aromatic solvents such as toluene, benzene and xylene, saturated hydrocarbons, for example cyclohexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, dodecane, which may also be present in branched form.
  • solvents may be used individually and as a mixture.
  • Particularly preferred solvents are mineral oils, diesel fuels of mineral origin, natural vegetable and animal oils, biodiesel fuels and synthetic oils (e.g. ester oils such as dinonyl adipate) , and also mixture
  • the lubricant of the invention preferably comprises an ester group containing polymer and a olefinic polymer which preferably have a viscosity index-improving or thickening effect.
  • a olefinic polymer which preferably have a viscosity index-improving or thickening effect.
  • polyolefins include in particular polyolefin
  • OCP polyolefin copolymers
  • HSD hydrogenated styrene/diene copolymers
  • the polyolefin copolymers (OCP) to be used according to the invention are known per se. They are primarily polymers synthesized from ethylene-, propylene-, isoprene-,
  • Systems which have been grafted with small amounts of oxygen- or nitrogen-containing monomers (e.g. from 0.05 to 5% by weight of maleic anhydride) may also be used.
  • the copolymers which contain diene components are generally hydrogenated in order to reduce the oxidation sensitivity and the crosslinking tendency of the viscosity index improvers .
  • the molecular weight Mw is in general from 10 000 to
  • the ratio of the monomers ethylene/propylene is variable within certain limits, which can be set to about 75% for ethylene and about 80% for propylene as an upper limit. Owing to its reduced tendency to dissolve in oil, polypropylene is less suitable than ethylene/propylene copolymers. In addition to polymers having a predominantly atactic propylene incorporation, those having a more pronounced isotactic or syndiotactic propylene
  • Such products are commercially available, for example under the trade names Dutral ® CO 034, Dutral ® CO 038, Dutral ® CO 043, Dutral ® CO 058, Buna ® EPG 2050 or Buna ® EPG 5050.
  • HSD hydrogenated styrene/diene copolymers
  • DE 21 56 122 They are in general hydrogenated isoprene/styrene or butadiene/styrene copolymers.
  • the ratio of diene to styrene is preferably in the range from 2:1 to 1:2, particularly preferably about 55:45.
  • the molecular weight Mw is in general from 10 000 to 300 000, preferably between 50 00 and 150 000.
  • the proportion of double bonds after the hydrogenation is not more than 15%, particularly preferably not more than 5%, based on the number of double bonds before the hydrogenation.
  • Hydrogenated styrene/diene copolymers can be commercially obtained under the trade name ® SHELLVIS 50, 150, 200, 250 or 260.
  • the ester group containing polymer is a block copolymer comprising a block of ester group containing units and an olefinic block.
  • the olefinic block is derived from HSD polymers and/or OCP polymers.
  • Block copolymer comprising a block of ester group
  • German Patent Office having the application number P 33 39 103.3; and DE 29 05 954 Al, filed 16.02.1979 at the German Patent Office (Deutsches Patentamt) having the application number P 29 05 954.9; which documents are enclosed herein by reference.
  • the lubricant of the present invention includes base oil.
  • Preferred base oils include especially mineral oils, synthetic oils and natural oils.
  • Mineral oils are known per se and commercially available. They are generally obtained from mineral oil or crude oil by distillation and/or refining and optionally further purification and finishing processes, the term mineral oil including in particular the higher-boiling fractions of crude or mineral oil. In general, the boiling point of mineral oil is higher than 200°C, preferably higher than 300°C, at 5000 Pa. The production by low-temperature carbonization of shale oil, coking of bituminous coal, distillation of brown coal with exclusion of air, and also hydrogenation of bituminous or brown coal is likewise possible. Accordingly, mineral oils have, depending on their origin, different proportions of aromatic, cyclic, branched and linear hydrocarbons.
  • paraffin-base represents longer-chain or highly branched isoalkanes
  • naphthenic fraction represents cycloalkanes
  • mineral oils depending on their origin and finishing, have
  • paraffins and compounds having heteroatoms, in particular 0, N and/or S, to which a degree of polar properties are attributed.
  • the assignment is difficult, since individual alkane molecules may have both long-chain branched groups and cycloalkane radicals, and aromatic parts.
  • the assignment can be effected to DIN 51 378, for example.
  • Polar fractions can also be determined to ASTM D 2007.
  • the proportion of n-alkanes in preferred mineral oils is less than 3% by weight, the fraction of 0-, N- and/or
  • S-containing compounds less than 6% by weight.
  • the fraction of the aromatics and of the mono-methyl-branched paraffins is generally in each case in the range from 0 to 40% by weight.
  • mineral oil comprises mainly naphthenic and paraffin-base alkanes which have generally more than 13, preferably more than 18 and most preferably more than 20 carbon atoms.
  • the fraction of these compounds is generally > 60% by weight, preferably > 80% by weight, without any intention that this should impose a restriction.
  • a preferred mineral oil contains 0.5 to 30% by weight of aromatic fractions, 15 to 40% by weight of naphthenic fractions, 35 to 80% by weight of paraffin-base fractions, up to 3% by weight of n-alkanes and 0.05 to 5% by weight of polar compounds, based in each case on the total weight of the mineral oil.
  • n-alkanes having approx. 18 to 31 carbon atoms having approx. 18 to 31 carbon atoms:
  • An improved class of mineral oils results from hydrogen treatment of the mineral oils (hydroisomerization r hydrocracking, hydrotreatment , hydrofinishing) . In the presence of hydrogen, this
  • Dresel eds.: "Lubricants and Lubrication", Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2001; R.M. Mortier, S.T. Orszulik (eds.) :
  • Synthetic oils include organic esters, for example diesters and polyesters, polyalkylene glycols, polyethers, synthetic hydrocarbons, especially polyolefins, among which
  • PAOs polyalphaolefins
  • silicone oils silicone oils
  • perfluoroalkyl ethers preference is given to polyalphaolefins (PAOs), silicone oils and perfluoroalkyl ethers.
  • synthetic base oils originating from gas to liquid (GTL) , coal to liquid (CTL) or biomass to liquid (BTL) processes. They are usually somewhat more expensive than the mineral oils, but have advantages with regard to their performance .
  • Natural oils are animal or vegetable oils, for example neatsfoot oils or jojoba oils.
  • Base oils for lubricant oil formulations are divided into groups according to API (American Petroleum Institute) .
  • Mineral oils are divided into group I (non-hydrogen-treated) and, depending on the degree of saturation, sulfur content and viscosity index, into groups II and III (both hydrogen-treated) .
  • PAOs correspond to group IV. All other base oils are encompassed in group V.
  • group II and group III oils are preferred. That aspect preferably applies with ester group containing polymers having a low content of repeating units being derived from ethylenically unsaturated ester compounds having 1 to 4, more preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms in the alkyl residue.
  • the lubricant may comprise at least 40 % by weight, more preferably at least 60 % and most preferably at least 80 % by weight of a group II and/or group III oil.
  • group I oils are preferred. That aspect preferably applies with ester group containing polymers having a high content of repeating units being derived from ethylenically
  • the lubricant may comprise at least 40 % by weight, more preferably at least 60 % and most preferably at least 80 % by weight of a group I oil.
  • lubricant oils may also be used as mixtures and are in many cases commercially available.
  • hydrocarbon oils will be understood to describe both mineral oils (Groups I-III) and poly alpha-olefins (Group IV) .
  • the lubricant composition lubricant comprises a naphthenic oil having a low viscosity.
  • Naphthenic oils are well known in the art. These oils comprise a high content of naphthenic and/or aromatic compounds.
  • the naphthenic oil having a low viscosity may have a viscosity, measured at 40°C to ASTM D 445, of at most 15 mm 2 /s, especially of at most 10 mm 2 /s, more
  • the naphthenic oil having a low viscosity may have a viscosity, measured at 100°C to ASTM D 445, of at most 3.5 mm 2 /s, especially of at most 3.0 mm 2 /s, more preferably of at most 2.5 mm 2 /s and most preferably of at most 2.0 mm 2 / s .
  • the naphthenic oil having a low viscosity may have a content of aromatic carbon atoms of at least 8 %, especially at least 9 % and more preferably at least 10%.
  • the naphthenic oil having a low viscosity may have a content of naphthenic carbon atoms of at least 50%, especially at least 55 % and more preferably at least 60%.
  • the naphthenic oil having a low viscosity may have a content of paraffinic carbon atoms of at most 50%, especially of at most 40 % and more preferably of at most 30%.
  • the determination of the content of aromatic carbon atoms, naphthenic carbon atoms and paraffinic carbon atoms can be done via infrared (IR) spectroscopy or 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Useful information are provided by Nynas Base oil handbook.
  • the naphthenic oil having a low viscosity may have a ratio of naphthenic carbon atoms to aromatic carbon atoms in the range of 20:1 to 2:1, especially in the range of 15:1 to 3:1 and more preferably in the range of 10:1 to 4:1.
  • the naphthenic oil having a low viscosity may have a ratio of paraffinic carbon atoms to aromatic carbon atoms in the range of 10:1 to 1:1, especially in the range of 5:1 to 3:2 and more preferably in the range of 4:1 to 2:1.
  • the naphthenic oil having a low viscosity may have a ratio of naphthenic carbon atoms to paraffinic carbon atoms in the range of 10:1 to 1:1, especially in the range of 5:1 to 3:2 and more preferably in the range of 4:1 to 2:1.
  • the polymers comprising ester groups can be mixed with the lubricant oil. Furthermore, the polymers can be prepared in the lubricant oils as mentioned above. In addition thereto, the polymers comprising ester groups can be used as a concentrate or as component of an additive package.
  • the concentration of the ester group containing polymer, preferably the polyalkyl (meth) acrylate polymer in the lubricant oil composition is preferably in the range from
  • lubricant is usually at least 60 % by weight, more
  • the concentration of the naphthenic oil having a low viscosity in the lubricant oil composition is preferably in the range from 1 to 40% by weight, especially in the range from 2 to 20% by weight, more preferably in the range from 4 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition .
  • the inventive effect can be improved by adjusting the polarity of the ester group containing polymer and the amount of the polymer used within the lubricant.
  • the lubricant may comprise a ester group containing polymer having repeating units being derived from ethylenically unsaturated ester
  • alkyl (meth) acrylates having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl residue and the amount of ester group containing polymer in the lubricant and the amount of repeating units being derived from ethylenically
  • unsaturated ester compounds preferably alkyl
  • (meth) acrylates having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl residue in the polymer is selected such that the lubricant preferably comprises 0.1 to 5 %, especially 0.3 to 3.2, more preferably 0.5 to 3 % and most preferably 0.8 to 2.5 % by weight of repeating units being derived from
  • the lubricant oil preferably alkyl (meth) acrylates having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl residue based on the total weight of said lubricant.
  • the lubricant oil preferably alkyl (meth) acrylates having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl residue based on the total weight of said lubricant.
  • compositions detailed here may also comprise further additives.
  • additives include viscosity index
  • the additionally usable VI improvers include
  • styrene-maleate copolymers hydrogenated styrene-diene copolymers (HSD) and olefin copolymers (OCP) .
  • Appropriate dispersants include poly ( isobutylene ) deri- vatives, e.g. poly ( isobutylene ) succinimides (PIBSIs);
  • the preferred detergents include metal-containing
  • these compounds for example phenoxides; salicylates; thio- phosphonates , especially thiopyrophosphonates, thio- phosphonates and phosphonates; sulfonates and carbonates.
  • these compounds may comprise especially calcium, magnesium and barium.
  • defoamers which are in many cases divided into silicone-containing and silicone-free defoamers.
  • the silicone-containing defoamers include linear poly (dimethylsiloxane) and cyclic
  • silicone-free defoamers which may be used are in many cases polyethers, for example poly ( ethylene glycol) or tributyl phosphate.
  • inventive lubricant oil compositions may comprise corrosion inhibitors. These are in many cases divided into antirust additives and metal passivators/deactivators .
  • the antirust additives used may, inter alia, be sulfonates, for example petroleumsulfonates or (in many cases overbased) synthetic
  • alkylbenzenesulfonates e.g. dinonylnaphthenesulfonates ; carboxylic acid derivatives, for example lanolin (wool fat) , oxidized paraffins, zinc naphthenates , alkylated succinic acids, 4-nonylphenoxy-acetic acid, amides and imides (N-acylsarcosine, imidazoline derivatives); amine- neutralized mono- and dialkyl phosphates; morpholine, dicyclohexylamine or diethanolamine.
  • carboxylic acid derivatives for example lanolin (wool fat) , oxidized paraffins, zinc naphthenates , alkylated succinic acids, 4-nonylphenoxy-acetic acid, amides and imides (N-acylsarcosine, imidazoline derivatives); amine- neutralized mono- and dialkyl phosphates; morpholine, dicyclohexylamine
  • passivators/deactivators include benzotriazole,
  • tolyltriazole 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, dialkyl- 2, 5-dimercapto-l , 3, 4-thiadiazole ;
  • a further preferred group of additives is that of
  • antioxidants include, for example, phenols, for example 2 , 6-di-tert-butylphenol (2,6-DTB), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) , 2 , 6-di-tert-butyl- 4-methylphenol , 4,4' -methylenebis ( 2 , 6-di-tert-butylphenol ) ; aromatic amines, especially alkylated diphenylamines ,
  • N-phenyl-l-naphthylamine (PNA) polymeric
  • TMQ 4-trimethyldihydroquinone
  • organosulfur compounds for example dialkyl sulfides, diaryl sulfides, polysulfides, modified thiols, thiophene derivatives, xanthates,
  • thioglycols, thioaldehydes sulfur-containing carboxylic acids; heterocyclic sulfur/nitrogen compounds, especially dialkyldimercaptothiadiazoles , 2-mercaptobenzimidazoles ; zinc and methylene bis (dialkyldithiocarbamate) ; organophos- phorus compounds, for example triaryl and trialkyl
  • phosphites organocopper compounds and overbased calcium- and magnesium-based phenolates and salicylates.
  • the preferred antiwear (AW) and extreme pressure (EP) additives include phosphorus compounds, for example
  • trialkyl phosphates triaryl phosphates, e.g. tricresyl phosphate, amine-neutralized mono- and dialkyl phosphates, ethoxylated mono- and dialkyl phosphates, phosphites, phosphonates , phosphines; compounds containing sulfur and phosphorus, for example metal dithiophosphates, e.g. zinc C3-i 2 dialkyldithiophosphates (ZnDTPs), ammonium
  • ZnDTPs zinc C3-i 2 dialkyldithiophosphates
  • TPPT triphenylphosphorothionate
  • dithiocarbamate sulfur compounds containing elemental sulfur and 3 ⁇ 4S-sulfurized hydrocarbons (diisobutylene, terpene) ; sulfurized glycerides and fatty acid esters;
  • overbased sulfonates chlorine compounds or solids such as graphite or molybdenum disulfide.
  • the antiwear additive and/or extreme pressure additive is selected from phosphorous compounds, compounds comprising sulfur and phosphorous, compounds comprising sulfur and nitrogen, sulfur compounds comprising elemental sulfur and 3 ⁇ 4S-sulfurized hydrocarbons,
  • sulfurized glycerides and fatty acid esters overbased sulfonates, chlorine compounds, graphite or molybdenum disulfide .
  • a further preferred group of additives is that of friction modifiers.
  • the friction modifiers used may include
  • mechanically active compounds for example molybdenum disulfide, graphite (including fluorinated graphite), poly ( trifluoroethylene) , polyamide, polyimide; compounds which form adsorption layers, for example long-chain carboxylic acids, fatty acid esters, ethers, alcohols, amines, amides, imides; compounds which form layers through tribochemical reactions, for example saturated fatty acids, phosphoric acid and thiophosphoric esters, xanthogenates , sulfurized fatty acids; compounds which form polymer-like layers, for example ethoxylated dicarboxylic acid partial esters, dialkyl phthalates, methacrylates , unsaturated fatty acids, sulfurized olefins or organometallic
  • ZnDTP for example, is primarily an antiwear additive and extreme pressure additive, but also has the character of an antioxidant and corrosion inhibitor (here: metal passivator/deactivator ) .
  • Preferred lubricant oil compositions have a viscosity, measured at 40°C to ASTM D 445, in the range of 10 to
  • the kinematic viscosity KVioo measured at 100°C is
  • preferred lubricant oil compositions have a viscosity index
  • ASTM D 2270 in the range of 100 to 400, more preferably in the range of 125 to 325 and most preferably in the range of 150 to 250.
  • inventions may preferably comprise a High Temperature High Shear (HTHS) viscosity of at least 2.4 mPas, more
  • HTHS High Temperature High Shear
  • the lubricant may preferably comprise a high temperature high shear of at most 10 mPas, especially at most 7 mPas more preferably at most 5 mPas as measured at 100°C according to ASTM D4683.
  • the difference between the High Temperature High Shear (HTHS) viscosities as measure at 100°C and 150°C HTHSioo - HTHSiso preferably comprises at most 4 mPas, especially at most 3.3 mPas and more
  • HTHS Temperature High Shear
  • HTHSioo High Temperature High Shear
  • High Temperature High Shear (HTHS) viscosity can be determined according to D4683.
  • the lubricant may comprises a high shear stability index (SSI) .
  • SSI high shear stability index
  • the shear stability index (SSI) as measured according to ASTM D5621 (40 minutes sonic treatment) could preferably amount to 35 or less, especially to 20 or less more preferably to 15 or less.
  • lubricants comprising a shear stability index (SSI) as measured according to DIN 51381 (30 cycles Bosch- pump) of at most 5, especially at most 2 and more
  • the present lubricant composition can be used, for example, as engine oils (oils used in engines such as an engine for means of transportation and engine for machine tools); gear oils; transmission lube oils, particularly automatic transmission fluid (ATF) , such as stepped automatic
  • the lubricant useful for the present invention can be any suitable transmission fluid and continuously variable transmission fluid (CVTF) ; and traction oils, shock-absorber oils, power steering oils, hydraulic oils and the like.
  • CVTF continuously variable transmission fluid
  • the lubricant useful for the present invention can be any suitable lubricant useful for the present invention.
  • the lubricant composition is a hydraulic fluid having ISO VG 15, VG 22, VG 32, VG 46, VG 68, VG 100, VG 150, VG 1500 and
  • VG 3200 fluid grades The viscosity grades as mentioned above can be considered as prescribed ISO viscosity grade.
  • the ISO viscosity grade is in the range of 15 to 3200, more preferably 22 to 150.
  • preferred ISO viscosity grade is in the range of 150 to
  • Copolymer 3 was prepared by a similar method as Copolymer 1 wherein the components were adjusted as described in Table 1
  • Copolymers 4 to 7 were prepared by a similar method as Copolymer 2 wherein the components were adjusted as
  • RMF5 is a group I oil
  • P1017 (II) is a group II oil
  • PC 60 (II) is a group II oil
  • Yubase 3 is a group III oil
  • Yubase 4 is a group III oil
  • Nexbase 3020 (III) is a group III oil
  • PA02 (IV) is polyalphaolefin

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention concerne une composition lubrifiante contenant un agent d'amélioration de l'indice de viscosité comprenant au moins un polymère contenant un groupe ester, une huile de base et une huile naphténique à basse viscosité.
PCT/EP2011/069890 2010-12-10 2011-11-11 Composition lubrifiante WO2012076285A1 (fr)

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US61/421,876 2010-12-10

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9481849B2 (en) 2010-04-26 2016-11-01 Evonik Oil Additives Gmbh Polymer useful as viscosity index improver
US9617495B2 (en) 2010-04-26 2017-04-11 Evonik Oil Additives Gmbh Transmission lubricant

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EP2319908A1 (fr) * 2008-07-25 2011-05-11 JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation Composition lubrifiante
WO2011088929A1 (fr) * 2010-01-20 2011-07-28 Evonik Rohmax Additives Gmbh Polymère de méth(acrylate) pour l'amélioration de l'indice de viscosité
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9481849B2 (en) 2010-04-26 2016-11-01 Evonik Oil Additives Gmbh Polymer useful as viscosity index improver
US9617495B2 (en) 2010-04-26 2017-04-11 Evonik Oil Additives Gmbh Transmission lubricant

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