WO2012076247A2 - Système de capteurs ou capteur permettant la détection de grandeurs de mesure mécaniques ou thermiques ou d'états du système - Google Patents

Système de capteurs ou capteur permettant la détection de grandeurs de mesure mécaniques ou thermiques ou d'états du système Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012076247A2
WO2012076247A2 PCT/EP2011/068715 EP2011068715W WO2012076247A2 WO 2012076247 A2 WO2012076247 A2 WO 2012076247A2 EP 2011068715 W EP2011068715 W EP 2011068715W WO 2012076247 A2 WO2012076247 A2 WO 2012076247A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
shape memory
sensor
sensor element
sensor system
thermal
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2011/068715
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2012076247A3 (fr
Inventor
Sven Langbein
Alexander Czechowicz
Original Assignee
FG-INNOVATION UG (haftungsbeschränkt)
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by FG-INNOVATION UG (haftungsbeschränkt) filed Critical FG-INNOVATION UG (haftungsbeschränkt)
Publication of WO2012076247A2 publication Critical patent/WO2012076247A2/fr
Publication of WO2012076247A3 publication Critical patent/WO2012076247A3/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K5/00—Measuring temperature based on the expansion or contraction of a material
    • G01K5/48—Measuring temperature based on the expansion or contraction of a material the material being a solid
    • G01K5/483—Measuring temperature based on the expansion or contraction of a material the material being a solid using materials with a configuration memory, e.g. Ni-Ti alloys
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
    • F03G7/06—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like
    • F03G7/065—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like using a shape memory element
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/02—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using mechanical means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G01D5/16—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying resistance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
    • G01K7/16—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using resistive elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sensor system or a sensor for the detection of mechanical or thermal measured variables or system states by means of shape memory elements according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Shape memory elements are known in the art for generating actuation motions initiated by heating and associated crystalline transformation. Furthermore, it is known that Shape memory elements can be used by their pseudoelastic effect as spring or damping elements and as solid state joints. In both fields of application, shape memory elements can be reminiscent of a previously impressed shape by an annealing treatment. If the crystalline transformation is generated by an external mechanical stress, this is called a pseudoelastic effect. This effect is mainly used where high elastic deformability is required. On the other hand, if the crystalline transformation is generated by a thermal energy, this is called the thermal effect, which is mainly used in actuator applications.
  • shape memory element as a sensor is not limited to use in shape memory actuator systems, but shape memory elements are generally used for the detection of mechanical or thermal parameters or system states. Applications in which shape memory alloys are used only as a sensor, but not simultaneously as an actuator, are not yet known. The detection of mechanical variables, such as distances, travel paths and forces are nowadays for example taken over by optical or capacitive sensors.
  • the present invention seeks to provide a sensor system or a sensor based on shape memory elements, both for the detection of mechanical measurements, preferably distances, travel ranges and forces, as well as for the detection of thermal parameters, preferably temperatures, as well as for the detection of system states, preferably load cycles, unacceptable load conditions or sterilization cycles, can be used, which are of simple design, inexpensive to manufacture and applicable to different fields of responsibility.
  • the invention is based on the object, in the shape memory actuator systems beyond the prior art, preferably to measure travel ranges and load cycles.
  • the invention proposes a sensor system or a sensor for the detection of mechanical or thermal parameters or system states by means of shape memory elements by a sensor system or a sensor having at least one shape memory sensor element with a thermal or pseudoelastic effect, wherein the shape memory sensor element under the action of mechanical or thermal energy changes its physical material properties or its geometric properties, such that both information about the measured variable or system states detectable, as well as a permanent change in the material characteristics system states can be stored or that in addition to the sensor function further device functions and monitoring of these device functions are provided ,
  • the shape memory sensor element as a whole or within partitions assumes the sensory function and that the partitions have different configurations.
  • an advantageous embodiment is seen in that at a Deformation of the shape memory sensor element, for example by an actuator or by a temperature-induced influence of the shape memory sensor element as a measurable variable Material characteristic value preferably the electrical resistance of the Shape memory sensor element is measurable. This characteristic is for Detection of distances, positioning movements and forces usable.
  • the shape memory sensor element is further applicable to the detection of forces and pressures. But it is also the specific stress-strain behavior of the Shape memory sensor element detectable.
  • the physical sensor principle is preferably the change in the electrical resistance characteristic of the shape memory material or the change in the stress-strain behavior, it is alternatively provided that system states are changed by the shape memory sensor element due to permanently variable material characteristics, in particular by the permanent change in the electrical resistance curve or stress-strain Curve are storable.
  • the shape memory sensor element is provided for the detection of mechanical measured variables, in particular distances, travel ranges and forces, as well as for the detection of thermal measured variables, in particular temperatures, wherein the detection of all measured variables is provided continuously or in the form of maximum sizes.
  • the electrical resistance is used as the measurable variable material characteristic of the shape memory sensor element for the detection of temperatures and temperature changes, the transition temperature does not occur, as known from the prior art Resistance characteristic of the shape memory element for use.
  • the basis for this is the temperature-dependent change of Resistance characteristic.
  • the detection of all measured quantities is provided for this purpose continuously or in the form of maximum sizes, wherein the sensory detectable measured variables can be detected separately or together.
  • a preferred embodiment is also seen in that a force state or a force profile can be detected by the characteristic force-displacement characteristic curve of a shape memory sensor element. It is particularly advantageous that by means of the shape memory sensor element system variables, such as preferably load cycle numbers, sterilization cycles or other cycles of parameters or impermissible thermal or mechanical loads can be detected.
  • the measurement characteristic can be adjusted or finely adjusted by a thermal or mechanical influencing of the shape memory sensor element.
  • the shape memory sensor element takes over the functions of an actuator, a joint, a spring or a damper in addition to the sensory function. This allows several functions to be integrated in one component.
  • the sensory function of the Shape memory element is used in particular to monitor its own actuator, spring, damping or joint function. Monitored here, for example, the fatigue behavior or the general functionality of the shape memory element.
  • a preferred development is seen in the fact that the size of a translational or rotary actuator movement or the size of a force in all embodiments is adaptable as needed, in particular by means of a transmission gear or a lever mechanism, wherein by means of a Umformgetriebes a translational movement is provided in a rotational movement or vice versa deformable ,
  • the sensor system or the sensor are designed as a modular system and consist of various basic modules and forming and electronic modules.
  • the modules are designed as series, wherein the modules of the sensor system or the sensor have standardized mechanical, electrical and information technology interfaces and are applicable for different tasks.
  • the mentioned sensory detectable parameters are provided not only separately, but also detectable together.
  • Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of an inventive Sensor system with a shape memory sensor element with pseudoelastic effect
  • FIG. 2 shows a second exemplary embodiment of the sensor system with a shape memory sensor element having a pseudoelastic effect, which at the same time serves as a restoring element for a shape memory actuator element;
  • FIG. 3 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the sensor system with a shape memory sensor element having a pseudoelastic effect, which at the same time serves as a restoring element for a shape memory actuator element;
  • FIG. 4 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the sensor system with a shape memory sensor element with a pseudoelastic effect for detecting forces.
  • FIG. 1 shows a sensor system according to the invention with a Shape memory sensor element 1 with pseudoelastic effect in a starting position.
  • the formed as a cylindrical coil spring shape memory sensor element 1 is disposed in a housing 2 and is supported at one end to an inner wall of the housing 2 and with its other end on the collar of an actuating element 3, wherein the actuating element 3 is longitudinally guided in a guide 4, that it performs a translational movement.
  • Acts on the actuator 3, an outer linear movement the actuator 3 performs a longitudinal movement and thereby deforms the coupled shape memory sensor element 1.
  • the amount of martensite can be read out by means of contacts 5, 6, which are arranged on the shape memory sensor element 1 respectively end, as an electrical resistance value, thereby measuring the size of the actuating path of the actuating element 3 is measurable.
  • FIG. 2 shows a second exemplary embodiment of the sensor system according to the invention.
  • the actuator 3 is longitudinally guided in the guide 4 in the housing 2, that the actuating element 3 is also a Performs translational movement, but is coupled in this embodiment with a, a stretched shape having shape memory sensor element 1 and a shape memory actuator element 7, which is inserted through a arranged in the actuator 3 transverse bore 8 and with its two free ends each end to the opposite ends of the housing with 9.10 the housing 2 are firmly connected.
  • the shape memory actuator element 7 has a thermal shape memory effect and is substantially V-shaped in its initial position.
  • the shape memory sensor element 1 has a substantially rectilinear shape in the starting position and is deformed during the movement of the actuating element 3.
  • the shape memory sensor element 1 has the pseudoelastic shape memory effect and performs two functions. On the one hand, it serves as a restoring element for the actuating element 3 and will reset the actuating element 3 when the shape memory actuator element 7 cools down due to its elastic properties.
  • the shape memory sensor element 1 and the shape memory actuator element 7 are preferably formed as wires, rods or sheets.
  • the housing 2 and the actuator 3 may have different shapes depending on the application.
  • Figure 3 shows another embodiment of the sensor system according to the invention, which corresponds in its mode of action to the embodiment shown in Figure 2.
  • the shape memory sensor element 1 is here alternatively designed as a cylindrical helical spring, which is supported on the inner wall of the housing 2 and on a collar of the actuating element 3 and is held by the guides 4.
  • the shape memory sensor element 1 also has the pseudoelastic shape memory effect in this embodiment and performs two functions. First, it serves as a return element for the actuating element 3 and is cooled by the Shape memory actuator element 7, which has a thermal shape memory effect, this reset by its elastic properties in its initial position. On the other hand, it assumes the function of a sensor by the own deformation state and thus the position of the actuating element 3 is detected by the internal electrical resistance. By means of the contacts 5,6, which are arranged on the shape memory sensor element 1, the electrical resistance value is read out, so that thereby the size of the actuating path of the actuating element 3 can be measured.
  • the shape memory actuator element 7 When the shape memory actuator element 7 is heated by means of electrical energy supplied via the contacts 11, 12 arranged on the shape memory actuator element 7 and when the transition temperature is exceeded, the shape memory actuator element 7 contracts and the actuating element 3 is pushed upwards and performs a translatory positioning movement.
  • FIG. 4 shows a sensor system according to the invention with a shape memory sensor element 1 with pseudoelastic effect in a starting position.
  • the preferably formed as a wire or sheet shape memory sensor element 1 is also arranged in a housing 2.
  • the actuating element 3 is longitudinally guided in a guide 4 in the housing 2 such that the actuating element 3 can execute a translational movement.
  • the actuator 3 is coupled to the shape memory sensor element 1.
  • the shape memory sensor element 1 is inserted through a transverse bore 8 arranged in the actuating element 3 and fixedly connected to the housing 2 at its two free ends at the mutually opposite housing ends 9, 10.
  • a contact pad 14 and on an inner side 15 of the housing 2 a further contact pad 16 is arranged.
  • Acts on the actuator 3, an external force the actuator 3 performs a longitudinal movement and thereby deforms the coupled shape memory sensor element 1 according to its specific force-deformation behavior.
  • the contact pads 14 and 16 touch each other. This closes a circuit with the aid of contacts 17 and 18 which switches a power or a signal current.
  • heating or a variable bias of the shape memory sensor element 1 the force to be measured is adjustable or finely adjusted.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiments, but is variable in the methods used. In particular, it also includes variants which can be formed by a combination of the features or elements described in the present invention. All features mentioned in the foregoing description as well as in the drawings are further components of the invention, although not particularly emphasized and not mentioned in the claims.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Testing Or Calibration Of Command Recording Devices (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système de capteurs ou un capteur permettant la détection de grandeurs de mesure mécaniques ou thermiques ou d'états du système, au moyen d'éléments à mémoire de forme. Le système de capteurs ou capteur présente au moins un élément de détection à mémoire de forme (1) à effet thermique ou pseudoélastique, dont les caractéristiques physiques de matière ou les propriétés géométriques varient sous l'action d'une énergie mécanique ou thermique, de manière qu'il est possible à la fois de détecter des informations concernant les grandeurs de mesure ou les états du système à détecter et d'enregistrer des états du système par une variation continue des caractéristiques de matière, ou de manière que, en plus de la fonction de détection, d'autres fonctions d'élément structural et une surveillance de ces fonctions d'élément structural soient également prévues.
PCT/EP2011/068715 2010-12-10 2011-10-26 Système de capteurs ou capteur permettant la détection de grandeurs de mesure mécaniques ou thermiques ou d'états du système WO2012076247A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010054118.4A DE102010054118B4 (de) 2010-12-10 2010-12-10 Sensorsystem oder Sensor zur Detektion von mechanischen oder thermischen Messgrößen oder Systemzuständen
DE102010054118.4 2010-12-10

Publications (2)

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WO2012076247A2 true WO2012076247A2 (fr) 2012-06-14
WO2012076247A3 WO2012076247A3 (fr) 2012-08-02

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110089021A (zh) * 2016-09-14 2019-08-02 智能合金有限公司 具有应变计传感器和位置估计的形状记忆合金致动器及其制造方法
WO2023285825A1 (fr) * 2021-07-14 2023-01-19 Cambridge Mechatronics Limited Codeur rotatif

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CH707658A1 (de) * 2013-02-27 2014-08-29 Unovatis Gmbh Drehstellantrieb.
DE102016118868A1 (de) 2016-10-05 2018-04-05 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Faserverbundbauteilen
DE202018006604U1 (de) 2018-08-28 2021-11-08 Arntz Gmbh + Co. Kg Sensorsystem zur Detektion von mechanischen Messgrößen oder Systemzuständen
DE102021106543A1 (de) 2021-03-17 2022-09-22 Vega Grieshaber Kg Sensor mit einem Draht umfassend Formgedächtnismaterial, Vorrichtung zur Erkennung von Anhaftungen und/oder mechanischer Einwirkung auf einen Sensor, Verfahren zum Erkennen einer Anhaftung und/oder einer mechanischen Einwirkung auf einen Sensor
DE102021106542A1 (de) 2021-03-17 2022-09-22 Vega Grieshaber Kg Drucksensitives Element mit einem Draht aus einem Formgedächtnismaterial, Verfahren zum Messen eines Druckes und/oder eines Volumenstromes

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US5743466A (en) 1994-12-23 1998-04-28 J. Eberspacher Gmbh & Co. Heating system especially for motor vehicles
US6325016B1 (en) 2000-01-24 2001-12-04 Rota Skipper Corp. Pizza sauce flow diverter

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US7220051B2 (en) * 2001-12-05 2007-05-22 Mohsen Shahinpoor Shape memory alloy temperature sensor and switch
US6802216B2 (en) * 2002-04-16 2004-10-12 Mide Technology Method and sheet like sensor for measuring stress distribution
US8281585B2 (en) * 2008-05-08 2012-10-09 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Controlling heat transfer in active material actuators using external elements

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US5743466A (en) 1994-12-23 1998-04-28 J. Eberspacher Gmbh & Co. Heating system especially for motor vehicles
US6325016B1 (en) 2000-01-24 2001-12-04 Rota Skipper Corp. Pizza sauce flow diverter

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110089021A (zh) * 2016-09-14 2019-08-02 智能合金有限公司 具有应变计传感器和位置估计的形状记忆合金致动器及其制造方法
US11215170B2 (en) * 2016-09-14 2022-01-04 Smarter Alloys Inc. Shape memory alloy actuator with strain gauge sensor and position estimation and method for manufacturing same
WO2023285825A1 (fr) * 2021-07-14 2023-01-19 Cambridge Mechatronics Limited Codeur rotatif

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102010054118B4 (de) 2016-03-10
WO2012076247A3 (fr) 2012-08-02
DE102010054118A1 (de) 2012-06-14

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