WO2012065993A1 - Vasoprotective and cardioprotective antidiabetic therapy - Google Patents
Vasoprotective and cardioprotective antidiabetic therapy Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012065993A1 WO2012065993A1 PCT/EP2011/070156 EP2011070156W WO2012065993A1 WO 2012065993 A1 WO2012065993 A1 WO 2012065993A1 EP 2011070156 W EP2011070156 W EP 2011070156W WO 2012065993 A1 WO2012065993 A1 WO 2012065993A1
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- linagliptin
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to certain DPP-4 inhibitors for treating and/or preventing oxidative stress, as well as to the use of such DPP-4 inhibitors in treatment and/or prevention of diabetic or non-diabetic patients, including patient groups at risk of cardiovascular and/or renal disease.
- the present invention relates to certain DPP-4 inhibitors for treating, preventing or reducing risk for micro- or macrovascular diseases which may be induced, memorized by or associated with exposure to oxidative stress.
- cardiovascular and/or renal disease particularly in those type 2 diabetes patients being at risk of cardio- or cerebrovascular events, such as type 2 diabetes patients with one or more risk factors selected from A), B), C) and D):
- vascular related end-organ damage such as e.g. nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, impaired renal function, chronic kidney disease, and/or micro- or macroalbuminuria
- vascular related end-organ damage such as e.g. nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, impaired renal function, chronic kidney disease, and/or micro- or macroalbuminuria
- - hypertension (such as e.g. > 130/80 mm Hg, or systolic blood pressure >140 mmHg or on at least one blood pressure lowering treatment),
- vascular related end-organ damage such as e.g. nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, impaired renal function, chronic kidney disease, and/or micro- or macroalbuminuria
- vascular related end-organ damage such as e.g. nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, impaired renal function, chronic kidney disease, and/or micro- or macroalbuminuria
- HDL cholesterol e.g. ⁇ 35-40 mg/dL in men or ⁇ 45-50 mg/dL in women
- triglycerides e.g. >200-400 mg/dL
- the present invention relates to a certain DPP-4 inhibitor for use in a method of improving cognitive function (e.g. attenuating, reversing or treating cognitive decline), improving ⁇ -cell function (e.g. improving insulin secretion rate derived from a 3h meal tolerance test, improving long term ⁇ -cell function), improving diurnal glucose pattern (e.g.
- the present invention relates to a certain DPP-4 inhibitor for use in a method of preventing, reducing the risk of, slowing the progression of, delaying the onset of, attenuating, reversing or treating cognitive dysfunction or cognitive decline, said method comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of the DPP-4 inhibitor, optionally in combination with one or more other therapeutic substances, to the patient.
- oxidative stress such as e.g. non- diabetes- or diabetes- (hyperglycemia-) induced or -associated oxidative stress;
- a patient in need thereof e.g. type 1 diabetes, LADA or, especially, type 2 diabetes patient
- a patient in need thereof e.g. type 1 diabetes, LADA or, especially, type 2 diabetes patient
- WBC white blood cells
- AG alogliptin
- VG vildagliptin
- SaG saxagliptin
- SiG sitagliptin
- Nebi nebivolol
- Fig. 5 is a table comparing gliptins on direct anti-oxidative effects in vitro.
- Fig. 6 shows the effect of linagliptin on LPS-activated neutrophil driven oxidation of L-012- scavenging of peroxidase-derived ROS and inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity.
- Fig. 9A and 9B show direct vasodilatory effects of gliptins.
- Gliptin-induced vasodilation is determined by isometric tension recording in isolated aortic ring segments and relaxation in response to increasing cumulative concentrations (1 nM to 32 ⁇ ) of linagliptin, sitagliptin, or saxagliptin (Fig. 9A).
- Fig. 9B the aortic relaxation in response to increasing cumulative concentrations (1 nM to 32 or 100 ⁇ ) of linagliptin, alogliptin, or vildagliptin is tested (Fig. 9B).
- the data are mean ⁇ SEM of 12 (Fig. 9A) or 4 (Fig.
- TGF- ⁇ transforming growth factor beta
- TIMP tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase
- Col1a collagen type 1 alpha
- Col3a collagen type 3 alpha
- BNP B-type natriuretic peptide
- inadequate or insufficient glycemic control means in particular a condition wherein patients show HbA1c values above 6.5%, in particular above 7.0%, even more preferably above 7.5%, especially above 8%.
- An embodiment of patients with inadequate or insufficient glycemic control include, without being limited to, patients having a HbA1 c value from 7.5 to 10% (or, in another embodiment, from 7.5 to 11 %).
- a special sub-embodiment of inadequately controlled patients refers to patients with poor glycemic control including, without being limited, patients having a HbA1c value ⁇ 9%.
- renal disease renal impairment or renal dysfunction (e.g., as specified by product information of locally approved metformin),
- a further embodiment of diabetic patients within the meaning of this invention refers to patients having renal disease, renal dysfunction, or insufficiency or impairment of renal function (including mild, moderate and severe renal impairment), e.g. as suggested by elevated serum creatinine levels (e.g. serum creatinine levels above the upper limit of normal for their age, e.g. ⁇ 130 - 150 ⁇ / ⁇ , or ⁇ 1.5 mg/dl ( ⁇ 136 ⁇ / ⁇ ) in men and ⁇ 1.4 mg/dl ( ⁇ 124 ⁇ / ⁇ ) in women) or abnormal creatinine clearance (e.g. glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ⁇ 30 - 60 ml/min).
- mild renal impairment may be e.g.
- a further embodiment of the diabetes patients which may be amenable to the therapies of this invention may include, without being limited, those diabetes patients (especially type 2 diabetes patients) with one or more cardiovascular risk factors selected from A), B), C) and
- - hypertension (such as e.g. > 130/80 mm Hg, or systolic blood pressure >140 mmHg or on at least one blood pressure lowering treatment),
- the patients which may be amenable to the therapies of this invention have a diabetic disease, especially type 2 diabetes mellitus, and may have or are at-risk of one or more other diseases, disorders or conditions, such as e.g. selected from those mentioned immediately above.
- the present invention further relates to a combination comprising a certain DPP-4 inhibitor (particularly Bl 1356) and one or more other active substances selected from those mentioned herein, e.g. selected from other antidiabetic substances, active substances that lower the blood sugar level, active substances that lower the lipid level in the blood, active substances that raise the HDL level in the blood, active substances that lower blood pressure, active substances that are indicated in the treatment of atherosclerosis or obesity, antiplatelet agents, anticoagulant agents, and vascular endothelial protective agents, e.g. each as described herein; particularly for simultaneous, separate or sequential use in the therapies described herein.
- a certain DPP-4 inhibitor particularly Bl 1356
- active substances selected from those mentioned herein e.g. selected from other antidiabetic substances, active substances that lower the blood sugar level, active substances that lower the lipid level in the blood, active substances that raise the HDL level in the blood, active substances that lower blood pressure, active substances that are indicated in the treatment of atherosclerosis or obesity, anti
- the present invention further relates to therapies or therapeutic methods described herein, such as e.g. a method for treating and/or preventing metabolic diseases, especially type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or conditions related thereto (e.g. diabetic complications), comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of linagliptin (Bl 1356) and metformin to the patient (particularly human patient) in need thereof, such as e.g. a patient as described herein, including at-risk patient (particularly such a patient with or at-risk of cardio- or cerebrovascular diseases or events) as described herein.
- therapies or therapeutic methods described herein such as e.g. a method for treating and/or preventing metabolic diseases, especially type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or conditions related thereto (e.g. diabetic complications), comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of linagliptin (Bl 1356) and metformin to the patient (particularly human patient) in need thereof, such as e.g. a patient as described herein, including at
- the present invention further relates to therapies or therapeutic methods described herein, such as e.g. a method for treating and/or preventing metabolic diseases, especially type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or conditions related thereto (e.g. diabetic complications), comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of linagliptin (Bl 1356) and telmisartan to the patient (particularly human patient) in need thereof, such as e.g. a patient as described herein, including at-risk patient (particularly such a patient with or at-risk of cardio- or cerebrovascular diseases or events and/or at-risk of renal diseases) as described herein.
- linagliptin Bl 1356
- telmisartan a therapeutically effective amount of linagliptin (Bl 1356) and telmisartan
- NAFLD non alcoholic fatty liver disease
- vascular related end-organ damage such as e.g. nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, impaired renal function, chronic kidney disease, and/or micro- or macroalbuminuria
- vascular related end-organ damage such as e.g. nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, impaired renal function, chronic kidney disease, and/or micro- or macroalbuminuria
- - hypertension (such as e.g. > 130/80 mm Hg, or systolic blood pressure >140 mmHg or on at least one blood pressure lowering treatment),
- a DPP-4 inhibitor according to this invention may be characterized in that said DPP-4 inhibitor has a primarily non-renal route of excretion, i.e. said DPP-4 inhibitor is excreted to a non-substantial or only to a minor extent (e.g. ⁇ 10 %, preferably ⁇ 7 %, e.g. about 5 %, of administered oral dose, preferably of oral therapeutic dose) via the kidney (measured, for example, by following elimination of a radiolabeled carbon ( 14 C) substance oral dose).
- a radiolabeled carbon ( 14 C) substance oral dose e.g. a radiolabeled carbon ( 14 C) substance oral dose
- the main metabolite of said DPP-4 inhibitor is pharmacologically inactive or has a relatively wide therapeutic window.
- the compounds of this invention are usually used in dosages from 0.001 to 100 mg/kg body weight, preferably at 0.01-15 mg/kg or 0.1-15 mg/kg, in each case 1 to 4 times a day.
- the compounds optionally combined with other active substances, may be incorporated together with one or more inert conventional carriers and/or diluents, e.g. with corn starch, lactose, glucose, microcrystalline cellulose, magnesium stearate,
- an article for distribution includes one or more containers that contain the one or more pharmaceutical compositions in an appropriate form. Tablets are typically packed in an appropriate primary package for easy handling, distribution and storage and for assurance of proper stability of the composition at prolonged contact with the environment during storage.
- Primary containers for tablets may be bottles or blister packs.
- Examples of antidiabetic combination partners are metformin; sulphonylureas such as glibenclamide, tolbutamide, glimepiride, glipizide, gliquidon, glibornuride and gliclazide;
- a dual combination of glibenclamide/metformin is usually given in doses from 1.25/250 once daily to 10/1000 mg twice daily, (typical dosage strengths are 1.25/250, 2.5/500 and 5/500 mg).
- a dual combination of glipizide/metformin is usually given in doses from 2.5/250 to 10/1000 mg twice daily (typical dosage strengths are 2.5/250, 2.5/500 and 5/500 mg).
- a dual combination of glimepiride/metformin is usually given in doses from 1/250 to 4/1000 mg twice daily.
- a dual combination of rosiglitazone/metformin is usually given in doses from 1/500 to 4/1000 mg twice daily (typical dosage strengths are 1/500, 2/500, 4/500, 2/1000 and 4/1000 mg).
- a dual combination of pioglitazone/metformin is usually given in doses from 15/500 once or twice daily to 15/850 mg thrice daily (typical dosage strengths are 15/500 and 15/850 mg).
- repaglinide is usually given in doses from 0.5 to 4 mg with meals (up to 16 mg/day, typical dosage strengths are 0.5, 1 and 2 mg).
- a dual combination of repaglinide/metformin is available in dosage strengths of 1/500 and 2/850 mg.
- HMG-CoA- reductase inhibitors such as simvastatin, atorvastatin, lovastatin, fluvastatin, pravastatin, pitavastatin and rosuvastatin; fibrates such as bezafibrate, fenofibrate, clofibrate, gemfibrozil, etofibrate and etofyllinclofibrate; nicotinic acid and the derivatives thereof such as acipimox; PPAR-alpha agonists; PPAR-delta agonists such as e.g.
- calcium channel blockers such as amlodipine, nifedipine, nitrendipine, nisoldipine, nicardipine, felodipine, lacidipine, lercanipidine, manidipine, isradipine, nilvadipine, verapamil, gallopamil and diltiazem; ACE inhibitors such as ramipril, lisinopril, cilazapril, quinapril, captopril, enalapril, benazepril, perindopril, fosinopril and trandolapril; as well as angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) such as telmisartan, candesartan, valsartan, losartan, irbesartan, olmesartan, azilsartan and
- ARBs angiotensin II receptor blockers
- combination partners for the treatment of atherosclerosis are phospholipase A2 inhibitors; inhibitors of tyrosine-kinases (50 mg to 600 mg) such as PDGF-receptor-kinase (cf. EP-A-564409, WO 98/35958, US 5093330, WO 2004/005281 , and WO 2006/041976); oxLDL antibodies and oxLDL vaccines; apoA-1 Milano; ASA; and VCAM-1 inhibitors.
- phospholipase A2 inhibitors inhibitors of tyrosine-kinases (50 mg to 600 mg) such as PDGF-receptor-kinase (cf. EP-A-564409, WO 98/35958, US 5093330, WO 2004/005281 , and WO 2006/041976); oxLDL antibodies and oxLDL vaccines; apoA-1 Milano; ASA; and VCAM-1 inhibitors.
- an anti-inflammatory partner drug is a caspase inhibitor, such as e.g. (3S)-5-fluoro-3-( ⁇ [(5R)-5-isopropyl-3-(1-isoquinolinyl)-4,5-dihydro-5- isoxazolyl]carbonyl ⁇ amino-4-oxopentanoic acid (or other species disclosed in WO
- acetylsalicylic acid a selective COX-2 or nonselective COX-1/COX-2 inhibitor, or a ADP receptor inhibitor, such as a thienopyridine (e.g. clopidogrel or prasugrel), elinogrel or ticagrelor, or a thrombin receptor antagonist such as vorapaxar.
- a thienopyridine e.g. clopidogrel or prasugrel
- elinogrel or ticagrelor elinogrel or ticagrelor
- a thrombin receptor antagonist such as vorapaxar.
- hydrochlorothiazide chlortalidone, xipamide, furosemide, piretanide, torasemide,
- Antioxidant effects Anti-inflammatory and vasodilatory potential of linagliptin
- Direct antioxidant effects of gliptins are assessed by interfering with superoxide formation from xanthine oxidase, peroxynitrite (authentic and Sin-1 derived) or hydrogen peroxide/peroxidase mediated 1 -electron- oxidation. These oxidations are detected by fluorescence, chemiluminescence and nitration of phenols (traced by HPLC).
- Direct vasodilatory effects of gliptins are measured by the isometric tension technique in isolated aortic ring segments.
- Indirect antioxidant effects of linagliptin are also tested in a rat model of nitroglycerin-induced nitrate tolerance and linagliptin treatment (3-10 mg/kg/d by special diet for 7 d) by determination of endothelial function (acetylcholine-dependent relaxation of phenylephrine preconstricted aortic vessel segments), smooth muscle function (nitroglycerin-dependent relaxation) by isometric tension recordings.
- reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) formation is determined in isolated cardiac mitochondria and LPS or PDBu-triggered oxidative burst in whole blood.
- linagliptin By studying the adhesion of LPS-stimulated human neutrophils to cultured endothelial cells (the number of adherent PMN correlates with the PDBu-triggered oxidative burst which can be measured amplex red/peroxidase fluorescence) , linagliptin suppresses leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells in the presence of LPS.
- linagliptin in vivo treatment ameliorates nitroglycerin-induced endothelial dysfunction and shows minor improvement of ROS formation in isolated cardiac mitochondria and oxidative burst in whole blood from nitrate-tolerant rats.
- Effects of linagliptin treatment on vascular dysfunction and oxidative stress in septic rats Very similar protective effects for linagliptin are observed in an experimental model of septic shock.
- Vascular function Ach-, GTN-, and diethylamine NONOate-dependent relaxation
- LPS Long-, GTN-, and diethylamine NONOate-dependent relaxation
- Linagliptin is the most potent compound directly followed by alogliptin and vildagliptin, whereas sitagliptin and saxagliptin are not more efficient in the induction of vasodilation than the solvent alone control (DMSO) (see Figures 9A and 9B).
- Non-invasive, systolic blood pressure is measured in all groups to the time points (1. before treatment; 2. after 1 weeks 3. after 4 weeks; 4. after 6 weeks 5. after 12 weeks; and 6. after 6 weeks of treatment with the respective compounds.
- a xanthine based DPP-4 inhibitor of this invention is able to reduce infarct size after myocardial infarct.
- Mechanisms of action may include reduced degradation of SDF-1 a with subsequent increased recruitment of circulating CXCR-4 + stem cells and/or incretin receptor dependent pathways.
- linagliptin alone and in combination with telmisartan, leads to a significantly reduced glomerulosclerosis in the kidney measured by histological score compared with diabetic controls (2.1 +/- 0.0 vs 2.4 +/- 0.0; p ⁇ 0.05), whereas the reduction achieved by telmisartan alone is not significantly different.
- linagliptin significantly reduces urinary albumin excretion in diabetic eNOS knockout mice that are refractory to ARB (e.g. in a blood pressure-independent manner). These effects may support the use of linagliptin in renoprotection and in treating and/or preventing ARB-resistant diabetic nephropathy.
- the subsequent stereological assessment of beta-cell mass demonstrates a significantly larger beta cell mass (veh 0.18 ⁇ 0.03 mg; lina 0.48 ⁇ 0.09 mg, p ⁇ 0.01) and total islet mass (veh 0.40 ⁇ 0.04 mg; lina 0.70 ⁇ 0.09 mg, p ⁇ 0.01) in linagliptin treated mice.
- active plasma GLP-1 are higher at termination in linagliptin treated mice.
- T2DM type 2 diabetes
- Non-fatal stroke 1.0 8.0 0.11 (0.02, 0.51)*
- antidiabetic medicaments e.g. a sulphonylurea, such as glimepiride
- placebo e.g. a sulphonylurea, such as glimepiride
- Evidence of the therapeutic success compared with patients who have been treated with other antidiabetic medicaments or with placebo can be found in the smaller number of single or multiple complications (e.g. cardio- or cerebrovascular events such as cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or hospitalisation (e.g. for acute coronary syndrome, leg amputation, urgent revascularization procedures or for unstable angina pectoris), or, preferably, in the longer time taken to first occurrence of such complications, e.g. time to first occurrence of any of the following components of the primary composite endpoint: cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke and hospitalisation for unstable angina pectoris.
- Vascular related end-organ damage e.g. age 40-85 years:
- hypertension e.g. systolic blood pressure >140 mmHg or on at least one blood pressure lowering treatment
- Beneficial effects e.g. improvement
- cognitive function e.g. cognitive decline, changes in psychomotor speed, psychological well-being
- ⁇ -cell function e.g. insulin secretion rate derived from a 3h meal tolerance test, long term ⁇ -cell function
- renal function parameters diurnal glucose pattern (e.g. ambulatory glucose profile, glycemic variability, biomarkers of oxidation, inflammation and endothelial function, cognition and CV morbidity/mortality), silent Ml (e.g. ECG parameters, CV prophylactic properties), LADA (e.g. use of rescue therapy or disease progression in LADA) and/or durability of glucose control according to ⁇ -cell autoantibody status (e.g., GAD) of treatment with linagliptin is investigated in substudies.
- ⁇ -cell autoantibody status e.g., GAD
Abstract
Description
Claims
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MX2013005218A MX340515B (en) | 2010-11-15 | 2011-11-15 | Vasoprotective and cardioprotective antidiabetic therapy. |
ES11787655T ES2777890T3 (en) | 2010-11-15 | 2011-11-15 | Vasoprotective and cardioprotective antidiabetic therapy |
CA2817872A CA2817872C (en) | 2010-11-15 | 2011-11-15 | Vasoprotective and cardioprotective antidiabetic therapy using dpp-4 inhibitors |
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AU2011331247A AU2011331247C1 (en) | 2010-11-15 | 2011-11-15 | Vasoprotective and cardioprotective antidiabetic therapy |
EP11787655.7A EP2640371B1 (en) | 2010-11-15 | 2011-11-15 | Vasoprotective and cardioprotective antidiabetic therapy |
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EP20150588.0A EP3692985A1 (en) | 2010-11-15 | 2011-11-15 | Vasoprotective and cardioprotective antidiabetic therapy |
KR1020137012493A KR20130142131A (en) | 2010-11-15 | 2011-11-15 | Vasoprotective and cardioprotective antidiabetic therapy |
BR112013011961-6A BR112013011961B1 (en) | 2010-11-15 | 2011-11-15 | uses of linagliptin as vasoprotective and cardioprotective antidiabetic agents |
KR1020187014529A KR101959197B1 (en) | 2010-11-15 | 2011-11-15 | Vasoprotective and cardioprotective antidiabetic therapy |
JP2013538234A JP5944401B2 (en) | 2010-11-15 | 2011-11-15 | Vascular and cardioprotective antidiabetic therapy |
CN201180054871.6A CN103338760B (en) | 2010-11-15 | 2011-11-15 | The anti-diabetic treatment of protection blood vessel and cardioprotection |
EA201300583A EA031012B1 (en) | 2010-11-15 | 2011-11-15 | Vasoprotective and cardioprotective antidiabetic therapy with linagliptin |
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