WO2012062005A1 - 光子晶体磁光环行器及其制造方法 - Google Patents
光子晶体磁光环行器及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012062005A1 WO2012062005A1 PCT/CN2010/079238 CN2010079238W WO2012062005A1 WO 2012062005 A1 WO2012062005 A1 WO 2012062005A1 CN 2010079238 W CN2010079238 W CN 2010079238W WO 2012062005 A1 WO2012062005 A1 WO 2012062005A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y20/00—Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
- G02B6/1225—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths comprising photonic band-gap structures or photonic lattices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/32—Non-reciprocal transmission devices
- H01P1/38—Circulators
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B2006/12133—Functions
- G02B2006/12157—Isolator
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the technical field of photonic crystal integrated devices, and relates to a two-dimensional photonic crystal "T"-shaped three-port, "ten"-shaped four-port magneto-optical circulator and a manufacturing method thereof. Background technique
- Magneto-optical circulators are key components in integrated optics to reduce optical signal crosstalk and improve component integration.
- the magneto-optical circulator utilizes the unique non-different nature of magneto-optical materials to realize unidirectional circular transmission of optical signals between channels, thereby preventing signal reflection, eliminating signal crosstalk, and ensuring the normal operation of the optical path system.
- An indispensable performance optimization component is indispensable to realize unidirectional circular transmission of optical signals between channels, thereby preventing signal reflection, eliminating signal crosstalk, and ensuring the normal operation of the optical path system.
- the existing photonic crystal logic elements are basically realized in an air substrate-dielectric column structure (four-corner lattice arrangement), [relative to the dielectric substrate-air column structure, the TE substrate of the air substrate-dielectric column structure
- the band gap depth (the advantage of the band gap depth is: under the same performance index, the required photonic crystal size is small, it is easy to improve the integration), avoids the interference of the TM mode, has excellent working characteristics, and has a structural shape. , easy to design and manufacture]
- the existing several photonic crystal circulators are basically realized in the dielectric substrate-air column structure (hexagonal lattice arrangement), and its application range has certain limitations.
- photonic crystal magneto-optical circulator needs to be further expanded in terms of structure type and function application, especially It is a photonic crystal magneto-optical circulator that develops an air-bottom-dielectric column structure (four-corner lattice arrangement) matched with existing photonic crystal logic elements.
- Photonic crystal magneto-optical circulators have important application value for the integration of large-scale photonic crystal logic components. They help to eliminate the effects of signal crosstalk and beam reflow in the optical path, which is beneficial to promote the functional matching of the components in the optical path. Missing anti-jamming components. Summary of the invention
- the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to design a "T"-shaped three-port, "ten”-shaped four-port photonic crystal magneto-optical circulator and a manufacturing method thereof by using the optical rotation property of the magneto-optical material, and realize the single-port between the three-port and the four-port respectively The direction of the aura is transmitted.
- a technical solution to solve the technical problem of the present invention is: a photonic crystal magneto-optical circulator comprising a first dielectric material column in an air background, wherein the first dielectric material column in the photonic crystal is arranged in a two-dimensional four-corner lattice Each of the first dielectric material pillars occupies one lattice of the four-corner lattice, and the distance between the centers of any two adjacent first dielectric material pillars in the lateral or longitudinal direction is a lattice constant, and the photonic crystal magneto-optical circulator is further a photonic crystal waveguide including a transverse photonic crystal waveguide and a longitudinal photonic crystal waveguide which are cross-connected to each other, and a light guiding function at a cross connection between the transverse photonic crystal waveguide and the longitudinal photonic crystal waveguide a column of dielectric material, four identical magneto-optical material columns uniformly disposed around the second dielectric material column, and at least three identical third dielectric material columns, the third dielectric material
- the mutually cross-connected transverse photonic crystal waveguide and the longitudinal photonic crystal waveguide constitute a "T" shaped photonic crystal waveguide, the "T" shaped photonic crystal waveguide comprising three ports, in each port direction
- a third dielectric material column on the outer side of the magneto-optical material column is disposed on the upper side, and a point defect air cavity is disposed on the outer side of the fourth magneto-optical material column.
- the cross-connected transverse photonic crystal waveguide and the longitudinal photonic crystal waveguide constitute a "ten"-shaped photonic crystal waveguide, and the "ten"-shaped photonic crystal waveguide includes four ports in each port direction.
- a third column of dielectric material is disposed on the outside of the column of magneto-optical material.
- the first dielectric material column, the second dielectric material column, and the third dielectric material column are all silicon materials having a refractive index of 3.4, and the first dielectric material column, the second dielectric material column, and the third dielectric material column have a radius Different sizes.
- the transverse photonic crystal waveguide and the longitudinal photonic crystal waveguide are formed by removing a row and a column of first dielectric material columns from the photonic crystal, wherein the transverse direction of the "T" shaped photonic crystal waveguide
- the length of the photonic crystal waveguide is na
- the length of the longitudinal photonic crystal waveguide is (n-1) a/2
- the lengths of the transverse photonic crystal waveguide and the longitudinal photonic crystal waveguide of the "ten" shaped photonic crystal waveguide are na
- n is an odd number greater than or equal to 9.
- the n is 9 or 11 or 13 or 15.
- the four magneto-optical material columns are distributed at the nearest four lattice positions of the second dielectric material column, the center of each magneto-optical material column and the second dielectric material column The distance between the centers is a lattice constant.
- the point defect air chamber is formed by removing a first dielectric material column at a second adjacent lattice position above the second dielectric material column.
- the three third dielectric material columns are distributed at three lattice positions on the left, the lower side and the second right side of the second dielectric material column, and each of the third dielectric material columns The distance between the center of the center and the center of the second dielectric material column is two lattice constants.
- the four third dielectric material columns are distributed at the second adjacent four lattice positions of the second dielectric material column, the center of each third dielectric material column and the second medium The distance between the centers of the columns of materials is two lattice constants.
- a method of manufacturing a photonic crystal magneto-optical circulator comprising the steps of:
- Step 1 Given the working wavelength ⁇ of the photonic crystal magneto-optical circulator, a two-dimensional first dielectric material column arranged in a four-corner lattice is used to construct a photonic crystal. The radius of the first dielectric material column ensures that the working wavelength is in the forbidden band of the photonic crystal.
- Step 2 In the photonic crystal, one row and one column of the first dielectric material column are removed to form a transverse photonic crystal waveguide and longitudinal Photonic crystal waveguide, and transverse photonic crystal waveguide and longitudinal photonic crystal waveguide are cross-connected Arranging a photonic crystal waveguide, introducing a second dielectric material column at a junction of the transverse photonic crystal waveguide and the longitudinal photonic crystal waveguide of the photonic crystal waveguide to form a light guiding column, on the left, the lower side and the right side of the second dielectric material column Introducing a column of the same magneto-optical material at the nearest three lattice positions, removing the first adjacent first dielectric material column above the second dielectric material column and introducing a column identical to the three magneto-optical materials Magneto-optical material column;
- the manufacturing method further comprises the steps of: introducing an identical third at each of the three adjacent lattice positions on the left, the lower, and the right second of the second dielectric material column; Column of dielectric material.
- the manufacturing method further comprises the steps of: introducing an identical one at each of the four adjacent lattice positions on the left, the lower side, the right side and the upper side of the second dielectric material column; The third dielectric material column.
- the magneto-optical circulator is adjusted at an operating wavelength by adjusting a radius r 2 of the second dielectric material column, a radius r m of the magneto-optical material column, and a radius r 3 of the third dielectric material column.
- a photonic crystal magneto-optical circulator designed with an air-substrate dielectric column structure can be effectively matched and integrated with the photonic crystal logic elements currently widely studied.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a "T"-shaped photonic crystal magneto-optical circulator according to the present invention, wherein a "T"-shaped photonic crystal magneto-optical circulator is a third adjacent to the left, the lower, and the right of the second dielectric material column.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a "T"-shaped photonic crystal magneto-optical circulator according to the present invention, wherein the "T"-shaped photonic crystal magneto-optical circulator is three adjacent to the left, the lower side and the second side of the second dielectric material column.
- a schematic diagram of the structure of the third dielectric material column is not introduced at the lattice position.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the spectrum of a "T"-shaped photonic crystal magneto-optical circulator according to the present invention.
- the port 11 is a light incident port
- the solid line corresponds to the optical power ratio of the port 12 and the port 11
- the dotted line corresponds to the light incident on the port 13 and the port 11.
- Power ratio the point line corresponds to the ratio of the light reflection and loss sum to the optical power incident at port 11.
- the port 12 is a light incident port
- the solid line corresponds to the optical power ratio of the port 13 and the port 12
- the dotted line corresponds to the light incident by the port 11 and the port 12.
- the power ratio, the point line corresponds to the ratio of the light reflection and loss sum to the optical power incident at port 12.
- the port 13 is a light incident port
- the solid line corresponds to the optical power ratio of the port 11 and the port 13
- the dotted line corresponds to the light incident on the port 12 and the port 13.
- the power ratio, the point line corresponds to the ratio of the sum of the light reflected light power and the loss to the optical power incident at the port 13.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of optical transmission of a "T" shaped photonic crystal magneto-optical circulator according to the present invention, wherein port 11 is an incident port, port 12 is an exit port, and port 13 is an isolated port.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of optical transmission of a "T" shaped photonic crystal magneto-optical circulator according to the present invention, wherein port 12 is an incident port, port 13 is an exit port, and port 11 is an isolated port.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of optical transmission of a "T" shaped photonic crystal magneto-optical circulator according to the present invention, wherein port 13 is an incident port, port 11 is an exit port, and port 12 is an isolated port.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a "ten"-shaped photonic crystal magneto-optical circulator according to the present invention, wherein the "ten"-shaped photonic crystal magneto-optical circulator is respectively introduced at the four adjacent lattice positions of the second dielectric material column.
- 10 is a schematic structural view of a "ten"-shaped photonic crystal magneto-optical circulator according to the present invention, wherein the "ten"-shaped photonic crystal magneto-optical circulator is not introduced at the four adjacent lattice positions of the second dielectric material column. Schematic diagram of the structure of the third dielectric material column.
- the 11 is a schematic diagram of the spectrum of a "ten"-shaped photonic crystal magneto-optical circulator according to the present invention.
- the port 21 is a light incident port
- the solid line corresponds to the optical power ratio of the port 22 and the port 21
- the dotted line corresponds to the light incident on the port 23 and the port 21.
- the power ratio, the dotted line corresponds to the ratio of the optical power of the port 24 to the port 21, and the point-dashed line corresponds to the ratio of the light reflection and loss sum to the optical power incident on the port 21.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of optical transmission of a "ten"-shaped photonic crystal magneto-optical circulator according to the present invention, wherein port 21 is an incident port, port 22 is an exit port, and port 23 and port 24 are isolated ports.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of optical transmission of a "ten"-shaped photonic crystal magneto-optical circulator according to the present invention, wherein port 22 is an incident port, port 23 is an exit port, and port 21 and port 24 are isolated ports.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of optical transmission of a "ten"-shaped photonic crystal magneto-optical circulator according to the present invention, wherein port 23 is an incident port, port 24 is an exit port, and port 21 and port 22 are isolated ports.
- 15 is a schematic diagram of optical transmission of a "ten"-shaped photonic crystal magneto-optical circulator according to the present invention, wherein port 24 is an incident port, port 21 is an exit port, and port 22 and port 23 are isolated ports.
- the invention adopts the optical rotation property of the magneto-optical material to apply to the photonic crystal, and designs a "T"-shaped three-port, "ten”-shaped four-port photonic crystal magneto-optical circulator with a compact shape and a compact structure, respectively implementing three ports, Unidirectional optical ring transmission between four ports.
- the photonic crystal is composed of a two-dimensional first dielectric material column in the air background, and includes a "T"-shaped photonic crystal waveguide, and further includes a light guiding function at a junction of the intersection of the "T" shaped photonic crystal waveguides.
- the "T" shaped photonic crystal magneto-optical circulator may or may not introduce a third dielectric material column, and the structural model of the third dielectric material column is not shown in FIG. 2, and the optimization scheme is to introduce a third dielectric material column. .
- the photonic crystal is composed of a first dielectric material column 01 of a two-dimensional four-angle lattice arrangement (11 ⁇ 11 lattice array) in an air background, and each first dielectric material column 01 occupies one lattice of the lattice array.
- the distance between the center of any adjacent two first dielectric material columns 01 in the lateral or longitudinal direction is a lattice constant, and the lattice at the position of the mth row and the nth column in the labeled lattice array is (m, n).
- the first dielectric material column 01 at the positions (10, 6) and (11, 6) constitutes a longitudinal photonic crystal waveguide, and the transverse photonic crystal waveguide and the longitudinal photonic crystal waveguide are arranged in a " ⁇ " shape to form a " ⁇ " shape.
- a second dielectric material column 02 at a lattice (6, 6) position in the photonic crystal, that is, a junction of a transverse photonic crystal waveguide and a longitudinal photonic crystal waveguide of the " ⁇ "-shaped photonic crystal waveguide, thereby forming a photonic crystal guide Light column.
- the material of the second dielectric material column 02 is selected to be a silicon material having a refractive index of 3.4.
- three lattice (6, 5), (7, 6) and (6, 7) positions, that is, the nearest left, lower and right lattices of the second dielectric material column 02 are respectively A column of the same magneto-optical material is introduced, ⁇ and C.
- the first dielectric material column 01 is removed at the lattice (5, 6) position in the photonic crystal, that is, at the nearest neighboring crystal lattice above the second dielectric material column 02, and a magneto-optical material column D similar to the above is introduced.
- the materials of the magneto-optical materials column 8, B, C and D are selected as ferrite materials, the dielectric constant is 12.9, and the magnetic permeability tensor is
- the direction of the applied magnetic field applied to the columns of the four magneto-optical materials is along the axis of the column of magneto-optical material.
- the first dielectric material column 01 is removed at the position of the lattice (4, 6) in the photonic crystal, i.e., at the second adjacent lattice position above the second dielectric material column 02, forming a point defect air chamber 04.
- the third dielectric material column 03 is selected to be a silicon material having a refractive index of 3.4.
- the " ⁇ " shaped photonic crystal magneto-optical circulator includes three ports, a first port 11, a second port 12, and a third port 13.
- the structural parameters of the " ⁇ "-shaped photonic crystal circulator are optimized: light is incident from the first port 11, and light detection points are respectively set at the second port 12 and the third port 13 to obtain light transmission of the corresponding port. Power, and set the light detection point on the first port 11 to obtain the light reflection power of the port.
- the solid line and the broken line respectively represent optical power ratios of the second port 12 and the third port 13 and the first port 11 at different frequencies, and the dotted line represents the sum of light reflection and loss and the light incident on the first port 11.
- the light is set to be incident from the second port 12, and the light detecting points are respectively set at the third port 13 and the first port 11 to obtain the light transmission power of the corresponding port, and the light detecting point is set at the second port 12 to obtain the port.
- the light reflects the power.
- the spectrum of the best working efficiency of the "T"-shaped photonic crystal circulator is shown in Fig. 4.
- the solid line and the broken line respectively represent the ratio of the optical power of the third port 13 and the first port 11 and the second port 12 at different frequencies
- the dotted line represents the sum of the light reflection and loss and the light incident on the second port 12. Power ratio.
- the optimal operating frequency of the "T" shaped photonic crystal circulator is 10 GHz
- the optical power ratio of the third port 13 and the second port 12 is -0.223 dB
- the first port 11 and the second port 12 are incident.
- the optical power ratio is -30 dB
- the ratio of the light reflection and loss sum to the optical power incident at the second port 12 is -13.1 dB.
- the light is set to enter from the third port 13, and the light detecting power is set at the first port 11 and the second port 12 respectively to obtain the light transmission power of the corresponding port, and the light detecting point is set at the third port 13 to obtain the light reflecting power of the port.
- the spectrum of the best working efficiency of the "T"-shaped photonic crystal circulator is shown in Fig. 5.
- the solid line and the broken line respectively represent optical power ratios of the first port 11 and the second port 12 and the third port 13 at different frequencies
- the dotted line represents the sum of light reflection and loss and the light incident on the third port 13. Power ratio.
- the optimal operating frequency of the "T" shaped photonic crystal circulator is 10 GHz
- the optical power ratio of the first port 11 and the third port 13 is -0.177 dB
- the second port 12 and the third port 13 are incident.
- the optical power ratio is -23.0 dB
- the ratio of the light reflection and loss sum to the optical power incident at the third port 13 is -14.6 dB.
- the optical power ratio of the third port 13 and the second port 12 is - 0.223 dB, where two magneto-optical material columns B and C at the lattice (7, 6) and (6, 7) positions in the photonic crystal respectively rotate the light at a 45 degree angle.
- the first port 11 is in an optically isolated state, and its optical power ratio with the second port 12 is -30 dB. Accordingly, the ratio of the light reflection and loss sum to the optical power incident on the second port 12 is -13.1 dB.
- the optical power ratio of the first port 11 and the third port 13 is -0.177 dB, wherein the second port 12 is in an optical isolation state, and the optical power ratio of the third port 13 to the third port 13 is -23.0 dB. Accordingly, the ratio of the light reflection and loss sum to the optical power incident at the third port 13 is -14.6 dB.
- the "T"-shaped photonic crystal magneto-optical circulator realizes single-direction optical ring transmission between three ports, that is, light input from any one port in the three-port port is output from the adjacent next port in the same rotation direction.
- the structural model of the "ten"-shaped four-port photonic crystal magneto-optical circulator of the present invention is shown in FIG. 9.
- the photonic crystal is composed of a two-dimensional first dielectric material column in the air background, and includes a "ten"-shaped photon. a crystal waveguide, a second dielectric material column for guiding light at a junction of the "ten" shaped photonic crystal waveguide, and four columns of the same magneto-optical material adjacent to the second dielectric material column and four identical third dielectric material columns .
- the above-mentioned "ten"-shaped photonic crystal magneto-optical circulator may or may not introduce a third dielectric material column, and the structural model of the third dielectric material column is not shown in Fig. 10.
- the optimization scheme is to introduce a third dielectric material column.
- the photonic crystal is composed of a first dielectric material column 01 of a two-dimensional four-angle lattice arrangement (11 x 11 lattice array) in an air background, and each first dielectric material column 01 occupies one of the lattice arrays.
- the lattice, the lateral or longitudinal distance of any adjacent two first dielectric material columns 01 is a lattice constant, and the lattice at the mth row and the nth column position in the labeled lattice array is (m, n) .
- the first dielectric material column 01 at the (6, 8), (6, 9), (6, 10) and (6, 11) positions constitutes a transverse photonic crystal waveguide, and then the crystal lattice is removed (1, 6) ), (2, 6), (3, 6), (4, 6), (5, 6), (7, 6), (8, 6), (9, 6), (10, 6) and
- the first dielectric material column 01 at the position of (11, 6) constitutes a longitudinal photonic crystal waveguide, and the transverse photonic crystal waveguide and the longitudinal photonic crystal waveguide are arranged in a "ten" shape to form a "ten" shaped
- a second dielectric material column 02 at a lattice (6, 6) position in the photonic crystal, that is, a junction of the transverse photonic crystal waveguide and the longitudinal photonic crystal waveguide of the "ten" shaped photonic crystal waveguide, thereby forming a photonic crystal guide Light column.
- the material of the second dielectric material column 02 is selected to be a silicon material having a refractive index of 3.4.
- Four lattices (6, 5), (7, 6), (6, 7) and (5, 6) in the photonic crystal are introduced at the four nearest lattice positions of the second dielectric material column 02, respectively.
- the materials of the magneto-optical material columns E, F, G and H are selected as ferrite materials, the dielectric constant is 12.9, and the magnetic permeability tensor is
- the direction of the applied magnetic field applied to the columns of the four magneto-optical materials is along the axis of the column of magneto-optical material.
- the material of the third dielectric material column 03 is selected to be a silicon material having a refractive index of 3.4.
- the above "ten" shaped photonic crystal magneto-optical circulator includes four ports, namely, a first port 21, a second port 22, a third port 23, and a fourth port 24.
- the structural parameters of the "ten"-shaped photonic crystal circulator are optimized: the light is incident from the first port 21, and the light detecting points are set at the second port 22, the third port 23, and the fourth port 24 respectively. The light transmission power of the port, and the light detection point is set at the first port 21 to obtain the end The light reflected power of the mouth.
- the radii of the second dielectric material column 02, the magneto-optical material column and the third dielectric material column 03 a spectrum of the best working efficiency of the "ten" shaped photonic crystal circulator is obtained as shown in FIG. In FIG.
- the solid line, the broken line, and the dotted line respectively represent optical power ratios of the second port 22, the third port 23, and the fourth port 24 and the first port 21 at different frequencies, and the dot-dotted line represents light reflection and loss.
- the sum is the ratio of the optical power incident to the first port 21.
- the power ratios are -0.223 dB, -18.2 dB, and -30 dB, respectively, and the ratio of the light reflection and loss sum to the optical power incident on the first port 21 is -14.7 dB.
- the optical power ratio of the second port 22 and the first port 21 is -0.223 dB.
- the two magneto-optical material columns E and F at the lattice (6, 5) and (7, 6) positions in the photonic crystal respectively rotate the light at a 45 degree angle.
- the third port 23 and the fourth port 24 are in an optically isolated state, and the optical power ratios incident with the first port 21 are -18.2 dB and -30 dB, respectively. Accordingly, the ratio of the light reflection and loss sum to the optical power incident on the first port 21 is -14.7 dB.
- the optical power ratio of the third port 23 and the second port 22 is -0.223 dB.
- the two magneto-optical material columns F and G at the lattice (7, 6) and (6, 7) positions in the photonic crystal respectively rotate the light at a 45 degree angle.
- the fourth port 24 and the first port 21 are in an optically isolated state, and the optical power ratios incident with the second port 22 are -18.2 dB and -30 dB, respectively. Accordingly, the ratio of the light reflection and loss sum to the optical power incident at the second port 22 is -14.7 dB.
- the ratio of the optical power incident at the fourth port 24 and the third port 23 is - 0.223dB, in which the two magneto-optical material columns G and H at the lattice (6, 7) and (5, 6) positions in the photonic crystal respectively rotate the light at a 45 degree angle.
- the first port 21 and the second port 22 are in an optically isolated state, and the optical power ratios incident with the third port 23 are -18.2 dB and -30 dB, respectively. Accordingly, the ratio of the light reflection and loss sum to the optical power incident at the third port 23 is -14.7 dB.
- the optical power ratio of the first port 21 and the fourth port 24 is -0.223 dB.
- the two magneto-optical material columns H and E at the lattice (5, 6) and (6, 5) positions in the photonic crystal respectively rotate the light at a 45 degree angle.
- the second port 22 and the third port 23 are in an optically isolated state, and the optical power ratios incident with the fourth port 24 are -18.2 dB and -30 dB, respectively. Accordingly, the ratio of the light reflection and loss sum to the optical power incident at the fourth port 24 is -14.7 dB.
- the "ten"-shaped photonic crystal magneto-optical circulator realizes single-direction optical ring transmission between four ports, that is, light input from any one of the four ports is output from the adjacent next port in the same rotation direction.
- the photonic crystal three-port circulator of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, as the technical solutions disclosed by those skilled in the art according to the present invention, and according to the principle of proportional scaling of photonic crystals, that is, the operating wavelength of the circulator
- the circulator of the invention has the characteristics of compact shape and compact structure, and can be matched with the air substrate-medium column photonic crystal logic component which is widely studied at present, and can be used as an anti-interference component in the integrated photonic crystal integrated optical path, and effectively stabilizes.
- Optical path transmission improving the integration of optical path.
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Description
光子晶体磁光环行器及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明属于光子晶体集成器件技术领域, 涉及一种二维光子晶体" T"形三 端口、 "十" 字形四端口磁光环行器及其制造方法。 背景技术
磁光环行器是集成光学中消减光信号串扰和提高元件集成度的关键器件。 磁光环行器利用磁光材料特有的非互异性质,可以在通道之间实现光信号的单 方向环行传输, 达到防止信号反射、 消除信号串扰、 确保光路系统正常运作的 目的, 是集成光路中不可缺少的性能优化元件。
目前, 利用光子晶体全光逻辑元件实现不同功能集成的复杂光路正处于热 门研究中, 如利用 "与" 、 "或" 、 "非" 、 "异或" 等光子晶体基本逻辑功 能元件构建光子晶体半加器、 光子晶体比较器、 光子晶体 A/D(D/A)转换器等 逻辑光路。 光子晶体逻辑集成光路的研发, 对于发展新一代光集成芯片具有潜 在应用价值。 然而, 随着光子晶体集成光路中元件集成度的增加, 元件之间光 信号的干扰显著增强, 严重情况下光路甚至无法完成正常的逻辑功能。 因此, 发展相应的磁光环行器技术成为提高光子晶体集成光路信号稳定传输、 保证光 路系统正常工作所需要解决的关键技术问题。
现有的光子晶体逻辑元件基本是在空气衬底 -介质柱结构 (四角晶格排 列) 中实现, [相对于介质衬底 -空气柱结构而言, 空气衬底-介质柱结构的 TE 模的带隙深(带隙深的好处是: 在同样的性能指标下, 所需要的光子晶体的尺 寸要小, 易于提高集成度) 、 避免了 TM模式的干扰, 工作特性优异, 且结构 形态筒明, 易于设计制作] , 而现有的几种光子晶体环行器基本是在介质衬底- 空气柱结构 (六角晶格排列) 中实现, 其应用范围存在一定局限性。 因此, 光 子晶体磁光环行器研究需要在结构类型、 功能应用等方面做进一步拓展, 特别
是研发与现有光子晶体逻辑元件相匹配的空气村底 -介质柱结构 (四角晶格排 列) 的光子晶体磁光环行器。
光子晶体磁光环行器对于大规模光子晶体逻辑元件集成具有重要应用价 值, 它们有助于消除光路中信号串扰和光束回流的影响, 有利于促进光路中各 元件的功能匹配, 是集成光路中不可缺少的抗干扰元件。 发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是利用磁光材料的旋光特性设计 "T"形三端 口、 "十"字形四端口光子晶体磁光环行器及其制造方法, 分别实现三端口、 四 端口间的单方向光环行传输。
解决本发明技术问题的技术方案是: 一种光子晶体磁光环行器, 其包括空 气背景中的第一介质材料柱, 所述光子晶体中的第一介质材料柱呈二维四角晶 格排布, 每一第一介质材料柱占据四角晶格的一个晶格, 横向或纵向任意相邻 两个第一介质材料柱的中心的距离均为一个晶格常数, 所述光子晶体磁光环行 器还包括一光子晶体波导, 所述光子晶体波导包括相互交叉连接的横光子晶体 波导和纵光子晶体波导, 一位于所述横光子晶体波导和纵光子晶体波导交叉连 接处的并起导光作用的第二介质材料柱, 四个相同的均匀设置在第二介质材料 柱周围的磁光材料柱、 以及至少三个相同的第三介质材料柱, 所述第三介质材 料柱分别设置在所述三个磁光材料柱的外侧。
作为本发明的进一步改进, 所述相互交叉连接的横光子晶体波导和纵光子 晶体波导组成 "T"形光子晶体波导, 所述" T"形光子晶体波导包括三个端口, 在 每一端口方向上均设置一个位于所述磁光材料柱的外侧的第三介质材料柱, 在 第四个磁光材料柱的外侧设置有一个点缺陷空气腔。
作为本发明的进一步改进, 所述相互交叉连接的横光子晶体波导和纵光子 晶体波导组成 "十"字形光子晶体波导, 所述"十"字形光子晶体波导包括四个端 口, 在每一端口方向上均设置一个位于所述磁光材料柱的外侧的第三介质材料 柱。
所述第一介质材料柱、 第二介质材料柱及第三介质材料柱均为硅材料, 折 射率为 3.4, 所述第一介质材料柱、 第二介质材料柱及第三介质材料柱的半径 大小不同。
作为本发明的进一步改进, 所述横光子晶体波导和纵光子晶体波导由所述 光子晶体中移去一排和一列第一介质材料柱构成, 其中, 所述" T"形光子晶体 波导的横光子晶体波导的长度为 na, 纵光子晶体波导的长度为 (n-1 ) a/2, 所 述 "十" 字形光子晶体波导的横光子晶体波导和纵光子晶体波导的长度均为 na, a为光子晶体的晶格常数, n为大于等于 9的奇数。
优选地, 所述 n为 9或 11或 13或 15。
作为本发明的进一步改进, 所述四个磁光材料柱分布于所述第二介质材料 柱的最邻近的四个晶格位置处, 每一磁光材料柱的中心与第二介质材料柱的中 心的距离均为一个晶格常数。
作为本发明的进一步改进, 所述点缺陷空气腔由移去所述第二介质材料柱 上方第二邻近的晶格位置处的第一介质材料柱所构成。
作为本发明的进一步改进, 所述三个第三介质材料柱分布于所述第二介质 材料柱左方、 下方和右方第二邻近的三个晶格位置处, 每一第三介质材料柱的 中心与第二介质材料柱的中心的距离均为两个晶格常数。
作为本发明的进一步改进, 所述四个第三介质材料柱分布于所述第二介质 材料柱的第二邻近的四个晶格位置处, 每一第三介质材料柱的中心与第二介质 材料柱的中心的距离均为两个晶格常数。
以及, 提供一种光子晶体磁光环行器的制造方法, 所述制造方法包括如下 步骤:
步骤一: 给定光子晶体磁光环行器的工作波长 λ, 选取四角晶格排布的二 维第一介质材料柱构建光子晶体, 第一介质材料柱的半径保证工作波长处于光 子晶体禁带范围内, 如第一介质材料柱的半径与工作波长的比值为 Γι/λ=0.07; 步骤二: 在所述光子晶体中, 移去一排和一列第一介质材料柱构成横光子 晶体波导和纵光子晶体波导, 并且横光子晶体波导和纵光子晶体波导交叉连接
排布构成光子晶体波导, 在光子晶体波导的横光子晶体波导和纵光子晶体波导 交点连接处引入一第二介质材料柱构成导光柱, 在所述第二介质材料柱左方、 下方和右方最邻近的三个晶格位置处分别引入一相同的磁光材料柱, 移去所述 第二介质材料柱上方最邻近的第一介质材料柱并引入一与所述三个磁光材料柱 相同的磁光材料柱;
作为本发明制造方法的进一步改进, 进一步包括步骤三: 移去所述第二介 质材料柱上方第二邻近晶格位置处的第一介质材料柱, 构成一点缺陷空气腔。
作为本发明制造方法的进一步改进, 所述制造方法还包括如下步骤: 在所 述第二介质材料柱左方、 下方和右方第二邻近的三个晶格位置处分别引入一相 同的第三介质材料柱。
作为本发明制造方法的进一步改进, 所述制造方法还包括如下步骤: 在所 述第二介质材料柱左方、 下方、 右方和上方第二邻近的四个晶格位置处分别引 入一相同的第三介质材料柱。
作为本发明制造方法的进一步改进, 第一介质材料柱的半径与工作波长的 比值为 ^^=0.07。
作为本发明制造方法的进一步改进, 通过调整所述第二介质材料柱的半径 r2、 磁光材料柱的半径 rm和第三介质材料柱的半径 r3来调节磁光环行器在工作 波长 λ下获得的工作效率, 所述工作效率的尺寸参数是, 第二介质材料柱的半 径、 磁光材料柱的半径和第三介质材料柱的半径与工作波长的比值分别为 Γ2/λ=0.125 , ΓΜ/λ=0.09和 ι·3/λ=0.02。
本发明的有益技术效果在于: 1.设计空气-衬底介质柱结构 (四角晶格排 列) 的光子晶体磁光环行器, 能够与目前广泛研究的光子晶体逻辑元件实现有 效匹配与集成。 2.采用磁光材料柱的耦合结构特性, 获得形态筒明、 结构紧凑 的三端口、 四端口光子晶体磁光环行器, 为光子晶体逻辑集成光路优化充分提 供不同功能与结构的环行器需求。 附图说明
下面将结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
图 1为本发明" T"形光子晶体磁光环行器的结构示意图, 其中, "T"形光子 晶体磁光环行器为在第二介质材料柱左方、 下方和右方第二邻近的三个晶格位 置处引入第三介质材料柱的结构示意图。
图 2为本发明" T"形光子晶体磁光环行器的结构示意图, 其中, "T"形光子 晶体磁光环行器为在第二介质材料柱左方、 下方和右方第二邻近的三个晶格位 置处不引入第三介质材料柱的结构示意图。
图 3为本发明" T"形光子晶体磁光环行器的光谱示意图, 端口 11为光入射 端口, 实线对应端口 12与端口 11入射的光功率比, 虚线对应端口 13与端口 11入射的光功率比, 点线对应光反射和损耗总和与端口 11入射的光功率比。
图 4为本发明" T"形光子晶体磁光环行器的光谱示意图, 端口 12为光入射 端口, 实线对应端口 13与端口 12入射的光功率比, 虚线对应端口 11与端口 12入射的光功率比, 点线对应光反射和损耗总和与端口 12入射的光功率比。
图 5为本发明" T"形光子晶体磁光环行器的光谱示意图, 端口 13为光入射 端口, 实线对应端口 11与端口 13入射的光功率比, 虚线对应端口 12与端口 13入射的光功率比, 点线对应光反射光功率和损耗总和与端口 13入射的光功 率比。
图 6为本发明" T"形光子晶体磁光环行器的光传输示意图, 其中, 端口 11 为入射端口, 端口 12为出射端口, 端口 13为隔离端口。
图 7为本发明" T"形光子晶体磁光环行器的光传输示意图, 其中, 端口 12 为入射端口, 端口 13为出射端口, 端口 11为隔离端口。
图 8为本发明" T"形光子晶体磁光环行器的光传输示意图, 其中, 端口 13 为入射端口, 端口 11为出射端口, 端口 12为隔离端口。
图 9为本发明"十"字形光子晶体磁光环行器的结构示意图, 其中, "十"字 形光子晶体磁光环行器为在第二介质材料柱第二邻近的四个晶格位置处分别引 入一相同第三介质材料柱的结构示意图。
图 10为本发明"十"字形光子晶体磁光环行器的结构示意图, 其中, "十" 字形光子晶体磁光环行器为在第二介质材料柱第二邻近的四个晶格位置处不引 入第三介质材料柱的结构示意图。
图 11为本发明"十"字形光子晶体磁光环行器的光谱示意图, 端口 21为光 入射端口, 实线对应端口 22与端口 21入射的光功率比, 虚线对应端口 23与 端口 21入射的光功率比, 点线对应端口 24与端口 21入射的光功率比, 点-虚 线对应光反射和损耗总和与端口 21入射的光功率比。
图 12为本发明"十"字形光子晶体磁光环行器的光传输示意图, 其中, 端 口 21为入射端口, 端口 22为出射端口, 端口 23和端口 24为隔离端口。
图 13 为本发明"十"字形光子晶体磁光环行器的光传输示意图, 其中, 端 口 22为入射端口, 端口 23为出射端口, 端口 21和端口 24为隔离端口。
图 14为本发明"十"字形光子晶体磁光环行器的光传输示意图, 其中, 端 口 23为入射端口, 端口 24为出射端口, 端口 21和端口 22为隔离端口。
图 15 为本发明"十"字形光子晶体磁光环行器的光传输示意图, 其中, 端 口 24为入射端口, 端口 21为出射端口, 端口 22和端口 23为隔离端口。 具体实施方式
本发明通过将磁光材料的旋光特性应用于光子晶体中, 设计出形态筒明、 结构紧凑的 "T"形三端口、 "十" 字形四端口光子晶体磁光环行器, 分别实现 三端口、 四端口间的单方向光环行传输。
如图 1所示, 本发明的 "T"形三端口光子晶体磁光环行器的结构模型。 所 述光子晶体由空气背景中二维的第一介质材料柱构成, 其包括一 "T"形光子晶 体波导, 还包括位于 "T" 形光子晶体波导交点连接处的并起导光作用的第二 介质材料柱以及邻近第二介质材料柱的四个相同磁光材料柱、 一个点缺陷空气 腔和三个相同的第三介质材料柱。
所述 "T" 形光子晶体磁光环行器中可以引入或不引入第三介质材料柱, 不引入第三介质材料柱的结构模型如图 2所示, 其优化方案是引入第三介质材 料柱。
以下以引入第三介质材料柱为实施例。
具体如下, 所述光子晶体是由空气背景中二维四角晶格排布 (11x11 晶格 阵列) 的第一介质材料柱 01构成, 每一第一介质材料柱 01占据晶格阵列的一 个晶格, 横向或纵向任意相邻两个第一介质材料柱 01 的中心的距离均为一个 晶格常数, 标记晶格阵列中第 m行第 n列位置处的晶格为 (m, n) 。 所述光 子晶体的晶格常数 a选取为 11.25mm, 所述第一介质材料柱 01 的半径为 Γ!=2.1ηιηι, 其材料选择为硅材料, 折射率为 3.4。 在所述光子晶体中移去晶格
(6, 1) 、 (6, 2) 、 (6, 3) 、 (6, 4) 、 (6, 5) 、 (6, 6) 、 (6, 7) 、 (6, 8) 、 (6, 9) 、 (6, 10)和(6, 11 )位置处的第一介质材料柱 01 构成一横光子晶体波导, 再移去晶格(7, 6) 、 (8, 6) 、 (9, 6) 、
(10, 6)和(11, 6)位置处的第一介质材料柱 01构成一纵光子晶体波导, 上述横光子晶体波导和纵光子晶体波导呈 "Τ"形排布构成一 "Τ"形光子晶体 波导。
在所述光子晶体中晶格(6, 6)位置, 即 "Τ"形光子晶体波导的横光子晶 体波导和纵光子晶体波导交点连接处引入一第二介质材料柱 02, 即构成光子 晶体导光柱。 所述第二介质材料柱 02的材料选择为硅材料, 折射率为 3.4。 在 所述光子晶体中三个晶格(6, 5) 、 (7, 6)和(6, 7)位置, 即第二介质材 料柱 02左方、 下方和右方最邻近的晶格处分别引入一相同磁光材料柱 Α、 Β 和 C。 在所述光子晶体中晶格(5, 6)位置, 即在第二介质材料柱 02上方最 邻近晶格处移去第一介质材料柱 01, 并引入一与上述相同的磁光材料柱 D。 所述磁光材料柱八、 B、 C和 D的材料选择为铁氧体材料, 介电常数为 12.9, 磁导率张量为
其中 k=-8.48, μ=-7, 施加在四个磁光材料柱的外加磁场方向为沿磁光材料柱 的轴线方向。
在所述光子晶体中晶格(4, 6 )位置, 即在所述第二介质材料柱 02上方 第二邻近晶格位置处移去第一介质材料柱 01 , 构成一点缺陷空气腔 04。
在所述光子晶体中三个晶格(6, 4 ) 、 (8, 6 )和(6, 8 )位置, 即第二 介质材料柱 02左方、 下方和右方第二邻近的晶格处分别引入一相同第三介质 材料柱 03。 所述第三介质材料柱 03的材料选择为硅材料, 折射率为 3.4。
所述 " Τ"形光子晶体磁光环行器包括三个端口, 即第一端口 11、 第二端 口 12和第三端口 13。
进一步地, 对所述 "Τ"形光子晶体环行器的结构参数进行优化: 设置光从 第一端口 11入射, 分别在第二端口 12和第三端口 13设置光探测点得到相应 端口的光透射功率, 并在第一端口 11 设置光探测点得到该端口的光反射功 率。 通过优化所述第二介质材料柱 02、 磁光材料柱和第三介质材料柱 03的半 径, 获得 "Τ"形光子晶体环行器最佳工作效率的光谱图如图 3所示。 在图 3 中, 实线和虚线分别代表不同频率下第二端口 12和第三端口 13与第一端口 11入射的光功率比, 点线代表光反射和损耗总和与第一端口 11入射的光功率 比。 图 3表明, 该 "Τ"形光子晶体环行器的最佳工作频率为 10GHz (工作波长 λ=30ηιηι), 第二端口 12与第一端口 11入射的光功率比为 -0.223dB, 第三端口 13 与第一端口 11入射的光功率比为 -18.2dB, 光反射和损耗总和与第一端口 11入射的光功率比为 -14.6dB。 相应地, 优化的第二介质材料柱 02的半径 r2、 磁光材料柱的半径 rm和第三介质材料柱 03 的半径 r3分别为 ι·2/λ=0.125 , 1^ =0.09和 ι·3/λ=0.02。
设置光从第二端口 12入射, 分别在第三端口 13和第一端口 11设置光探 测点得到相应端口的光透射功率, 并在第二端口 12设置光探测点得到该端口
的光反射功率。 在上述优化的第二介质材料柱 02、 磁光材料柱和第三介质材 料柱 03 的结构参数下, 获得 "T"形光子晶体环行器最佳工作效率的光谱图如 图 4所示。 在图 4中, 实线和虚线分别代表不同频率下第三端口 13和第一端 口 11与第二端口 12入射的光功率比, 点线代表光反射和损耗总和与第二端口 12入射的光功率比。 图 4表明, 该 "T"形光子晶体环行器的最佳工作频率为 10GHz, 第三端口 13与第二端口 12入射的光功率比为 -0.223dB, 第一端口 11 与第二端口 12入射的光功率比为 -30dB, 光反射和损耗总和与第二端口 12入 射的光功率比为 -13.1dB。
设置光从第三端口 13入射, 分别在第一端口 11和第二端口 12设置光探 测点得到相应端口的光透射功率, 并在第三端口 13设置光探测点得到该端口 的光反射功率。 在上述优化的第二介质材料柱 02、 磁光材料柱和第三介质材 料柱 03 的结构参数下, 获得 "T"形光子晶体环行器最佳工作效率的光谱图如 图 5所示。 在图 5中, 实线和虚线分别代表不同频率下第一端口 11和第二端 口 12与第三端口 13入射的光功率比, 点线代表光反射和损耗总和与第三端口 13入射的光功率比。 图 5表明, 该 "T"形光子晶体环行器的最佳工作频率为 10GHz, 第一端口 11与第三端口 13入射的光功率比为 -0.177dB, 第二端口 12 与第三端口 13入射的光功率比为 -23.0dB , 光反射和损耗总和与第三端口 13 入射的光功率比为 -14.6dB。
根据上述优化结果检验 "T"形光子晶体环行器的工作性能:
参照图 6, 频率为 10GHz的光从第一端口 11入射, 最后光经过 90度角旋 转后从第二端口 12输出, 第二端口 12与第一端口 11入射的光功率比为- 0.223dB , 其中光子晶体中晶格(6 , 5 )和 (7 , 6 )位置处的两个磁光材料柱 A和 B分别对光实现 45度角旋转。 第三端口 13处于光隔离状态, 其与第一端 口 11入射的光功率比为 -18.2dB。 相应地, 光反射和损耗总和与第一端口 11 入射的光功率比为 -14.6dB。
参照图 7, 频率为 10GHz的光从第二端口 12入射, 最后光经过 90度角旋 转后从第三端口 13输出, 第三端口 13 与第二端口 12入射的光功率比为-
0.223dB , 其中光子晶体中晶格(7 , 6 )和(6 , 7 )位置处的两个磁光材料柱 B和 C分别对光实现 45度角旋转。 第一端口 11处于光隔离状态, 其与第二端 口 12入射的光功率比为 -30dB。 相应地, 光反射和损耗总和与第二端口 12入 射的光功率比为 -13.1dB。
参照图 8 , 频率为 10GHz的光从第三端口 13入射, 光子晶体中晶格(6, 7 )和(5 , 6 )位置处的两个磁光材料柱 C和 D将光上载到光子晶体点缺陷空 气腔 04,然后晶格(5 , 6 )和(6, 5 )位置处的两个磁光材料柱 D和 A将光 从光子晶体点缺陷空气腔 04下载, 最后从第一端口 11输出, 第一端口 11与 第三端口 13入射的光功率比为 -0.177dB, 其中第二端口 12处于光隔离状态, 其与第三端口 13入射的光功率比为 -23.0dB。 相应地, 光反射和损耗总和与第 三端口 13入射的光功率比为 -14.6dB。
该" T"形光子晶体磁光环行器实现三端口间的单方向光环行传输, 即三端 口中从任意一端口输入的光会按照同一旋转方向从相邻下一端口输出。
本发明的 "十"字形四端口光子晶体磁光环行器的结构模型如图 9所示, 所述光子晶体由空气背景中二维的第一介质材料柱构成, 其包括一 "十" 字形 光子晶体波导, 位于 "十" 字形光子晶体波导交点连接处的起作导光作用的第 二介质材料柱以及邻近第二介质材料柱的四个相同磁光材料柱和四个相同第三 介质材料柱。
上述 "十" 字形光子晶体磁光环行器中可以引入或不引入第三介质材料 柱, 不引入第三介质材料柱的结构模型如图 10所示, 其优化方案是引入第三 介质材料柱。
以下以引入第三介质材料柱为实施例。
具体如下, 所述光子晶体是由空气背景中二维四角晶格排布 (11 x 11 晶格 阵列) 的第一介质材料柱 01构成, 每一第一介质材料柱 01占据晶格阵列的一 个晶格, 横向或纵向任意相邻两个第一介质材料柱 01 的中心的距离均为一个 晶格常数, 标记晶格阵列中第 m行第 n列位置处的晶格为 (m, n ) 。 所述光 子晶体的晶格常数选取为 11.25mm , 所述第一介质材料柱 01 的半径为
Γ!=2.1ηιηι, 其材料选择为硅材料, 折射率为 3.4。 在所述光子晶体中移去晶格 (6, 1 ) 、 (6, 2) 、 (6, 3 ) 、 (6, 4) 、 (6, 5) 、 (6, 6) 、 (6, 7) 、 (6, 8) 、 (6, 9) 、 (6, 10)和(6, 11 )位置处的第一介质材料柱 01构成一横光子晶体波导, 然后移去晶格(1, 6) 、 (2, 6) 、 (3, 6) 、 (4, 6) 、 (5, 6) 、 (7, 6) 、 (8, 6) 、 (9, 6) 、 (10, 6) 和(11, 6)位置处的第一介质材料柱 01构成一纵光子晶体波导, 所述横光子晶体波导 和纵光子晶体波导呈 "十"字形排布构成一"十"字形光子晶体波导。
在所述光子晶体中晶格(6, 6)位置, 即"十"字形光子晶体波导的横光子 晶体波导和纵光子晶体波导交点连接处引入一第二介质材料柱 02, 即构成光 子晶体导光柱。 所述第二介质材料柱 02的材料选择为硅材料, 折射率为 3.4。 在光子晶体中四个晶格(6, 5) 、 (7, 6) 、 (6, 7)和(5, 6) , 即第二介 质材料柱 02最邻近的四个晶格位置处分别引入一相同磁光材料柱 E、 F、 G和 H。 所述磁光材料柱 E、 F、 G和 H的材料选择为铁氧体材料, 介电常数为 12.9, 磁导率张量为
其中 k=-8.48, μ=-7, 施加在四个磁光材料柱的外加磁场方向为沿磁光材料柱 的轴线方向。
在上述光子晶体中四个晶格(6, 4) 、 (8, 6) 、 (6, 8)和(4, 6)位 置, 即第二介质材料柱 02第二邻近的晶格处分别引入一相同第三介质材料柱 03。 所述第三介质材料柱 03的材料选择为硅材料, 折射率为 3.4。
上述 "十"字形光子晶体磁光环行器包括四个端口, 即第一端口 21、 第二 端口 22、 第三端口 23和第四端口 24。
进一步, 对所述 "十"字形光子晶体环行器的结构参数进行优化: 设置光 从第一端口 21入射, 分别在第二端口 22、 第三端口 23和第四端口 24设置光 探测点得到相应端口的光透射功率, 并在第一端口 21设置光探测点得到该端
口的光反射功率。 通过优化所述第二介质材料柱 02、 磁光材料柱和第三介质 材料柱 03的半径, 获得 "十"字形光子晶体环行器最佳工作效率的光谱图如图 11所示。 在图 11中, 实线、 虚线和点线分别代表不同频率下第二端口 22、 第 三端口 23和第四端口 24与第一端口 21入射的光功率比, 点-虚线代表光反射 和损耗总和与第一端口 21入射的光功率比。 图 11表明, 该 "十"字形光子晶 体环行器的最佳工作频率为 10GHz (工作波长 λ=30ηιηι), 第二端口 22、 第三端 口 23和第四端口 24与第一端口 21入射的光功率比分别为 -0.223dB、 -18.2dB 和 -30dB , 光反射和损耗总和与第一端口 21入射的光功率比为 -14.7dB。 相应 地, 相应地, 优化的第二介质材料柱 02的半径 r2、 磁光材料柱的半径 rm和第 三介质材料柱 03 的半径 r3分别为 ι·2/λ=0.125 , ΓΜ/λ=0.09和 τ3/λ=0.02。 由于 "十"字形光子晶体环行器的结构旋转对称性, 上述优化得到的结构参数对于 光从第二端口 22或第三端口 23或第四端口 24入射的情况同样适用。
根据上述优化结果检验 "十"字形光子晶体环行器的工作性能:
参照图 12, 频率为 10GHz的光从第一端口 21入射, 最后光经过 90度角 旋转后从第二端口 22输出, 第二端口 22与第一端口 21入射的光功率比为- 0.223dB , 其中光子晶体中晶格(6, 5 ) 和(7, 6 )位置处的两个磁光材料柱 E和 F分别对光实现 45度角旋转。 第三端口 23和第四端口 24处于光隔离状 态, 其与第一端口 21入射的光功率比分别为 -18.2dB和 -30dB。 相应地, 光反 射和损耗总和与第一端口 21入射的光功率比为 -14.7dB。
参照图 13 , 频率为 10GHz的光从第二端口 22入射, 最后光经过 90度角 旋转后从第三端口 23输出, 第三端口 23与第二端口 22入射的光功率比为- 0.223dB , 其中光子晶体中晶格(7, 6 ) 和(6, 7 )位置处的两个磁光材料柱 F和 G分别对光实现 45度角旋转。 第四端口 24和第一端口 21处于光隔离状 态, 其与第二端口 22入射的光功率比分别为 -18.2dB和 -30dB。 相应地, 光反 射和损耗总和与第二端口 22入射的光功率比为 - 14.7dB。
参照图 14, 频率为 10GHz的光从第三端口 23入射, 最后光经过 90度角 旋转后从第四端口 24输出, 第四端口 24与第三端口 23入射的光功率比为-
0.223dB , 其中光子晶体中晶格(6 , 7 )和(5 , 6 )位置处的两个磁光材料柱 G和 H分别对光实现 45度角旋转。 第一端口 21和第二端口 22处于光隔离状 态, 其与第三端口 23入射的光功率比分别为 -18.2dB和 -30dB。 相应地, 光反 射和损耗总和与第三端口 23入射的光功率比为 -14.7dB。
参照图 15 , 频率为 10GHz的光从第四端口 24入射, 最后光经过 90度角 旋转后从第一端口 21输出, 第一端口 21 与第四端口 24入射的光功率比为- 0.223dB , 其中光子晶体中晶格(5 , 6 ) 和(6, 5 )位置处的两个磁光材料柱 H和 E分别对光实现 45度角旋转。 第二端口 22和第三端口 23处于光隔离状 态, 其与第四端口 24入射的光功率比分别为 -18.2dB和 -30dB。 相应地, 光反 射和损耗总和与第四端口 24入射的光功率比为 -14.7dB。
该 "十"字形光子晶体磁光环行器实现四端口间的单方向光环行传输, 即 四端口中从任意一端口输入的光会按照同一旋转方向从相邻下一端口输出。
本发明所述的光子晶体三端口环行器并不限于上述实施方式所述, 如本领 域技术人员根据本发明所揭示的技术方案, 并根据光子晶体等比例缩放原理, 即环行器的工作波长与光子晶体晶格常数、 光子晶体中的第一至第三介质材料 柱的尺寸、 以及磁光材料柱的尺寸等参数的关系满足正比关系, 本发明所述的 光子晶体磁光环行器适用于任意电磁波波段, 如微波波段、 毫米波波段、 太赫 兹波段、 红外波段或可见光波段等。
本发明的有益技术效果在于: 1.设计空气衬底 -介质柱结构 (四角晶格排 列) 的光子晶体磁光环行器, 能够与目前广泛研究的光子晶体逻辑元件实现有 效匹配与集成。 2.采用磁光材料柱的耦合结构特性, 获得形态筒明、 结构紧凑 的三端口、 四端口光子晶体磁光环行器, 为光子晶体逻辑集成光路优化充分提 供不同功能、 结构的环行器需求。
本发明的环行器具有形态筒明、 结构紧凑的特点, 能够与目前广泛研究的 空气衬底-介质柱光子晶体逻辑元件实现匹配, 可以作为复杂光子晶体集成光 路中的抗干扰元件, 有效达到稳定光路传输、 提高光路集成度的目的。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已, 并不用以限制本发明, 凡在本发 明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、 等同替换和改进等, 均应包含在本发明 的保护范围之内。
Claims
1、 一种光子晶体磁光环行器, 其包括空气背景中的第一介质材料柱, 所 述光子晶体中的第一介质材料柱呈二维四角晶格排布, 每一第一介质材料柱占 据四角晶格的一个晶格, 横向或纵向任意相邻两个第一介质材料柱的中心的距 离均为一个晶格常数, 其特征在于: 所述光子晶体磁光环行器还包括:
一光子晶体波导, 所述光子晶体波导包括相互交叉连接的横光子晶体波导 和纵光子晶体波导;
一位于所述横光子晶体波导和纵光子晶体波导交叉连接处的并起导光作用 的第二介质材料柱;
四个相同的均匀设置在第二介质材料柱周围的磁光材料柱;
以及至少三个相同的第三介质材料柱, 所述第三介质材料柱分别设置在所 述三个磁光材料柱的外侧。
2、 如权利要求 1 所述的光子晶体磁光环行器, 其特征在于: 所述相互交 叉连接的横光子晶体波导和纵光子晶体波导组成 "T"形光子晶体波导, 所述" T" 形光子晶体波导包括三个端口, 在每一端口方向上均设置一个位于所述磁光材 料柱的外侧的第三介质材料柱, 在第四个磁光材料柱的外侧设置有一个点缺陷 空气腔。
3、 如权利要求 1 所述的光子晶体磁光环行器, 其特征在于: 所述相互交 叉连接的横光子晶体波导和纵光子晶体波导组成 "十"字形光子晶体波导, 所述 "十"字形光子晶体波导包括四个端口, 在每一端口方向上均设置一个位于所述 磁光材料柱的外侧的第三介质材料柱。
4、 如权利要求 1 所述的光子晶体磁光环行器, 其特征在于: 所述第一介 质材料柱、 第二介质材料柱及第三介质材料柱均为硅材料, 折射率为 3.4, 所 述第一介质材料柱、 第二介质材料柱及第三介质材料柱的半径大小不同。
5、 如权利要求 2所述的光子晶体磁光环行器, 其特征在于: 所述横光子 晶体波导和纵光子晶体波导由所述光子晶体中移去一排和一列第一介质材料柱 构成, 其中, 所述" T"形光子晶体波导的横光子晶体波导的长度为 na, 纵光子 晶体波导的长度为 (n-1 ) a/2, a为光子晶体的晶格常数, 所述 n为 9或 11或 13或 15。
6、 如权利要求 3所述的光子晶体磁光环行器, 其特征在于: 所述横光子 晶体波导和纵光子晶体波导由所述光子晶体中移去一排和一列第一介质材料柱 构成, 其中, 所述"十"字形光子晶体波导的横光子晶体波导和纵光子晶体波导 的长度均为 na, a为光子晶体的晶格常数, 所述 n为 9或 11或 13或 15。
7、 如权利要求 1 所述的光子晶体磁光环行器, 其特征在于: 所述四个磁 光材料柱分布于所述第二介质材料柱的最邻近的四个晶格位置处, 每一磁光材 料柱的中心与第二介质材料柱的中心的距离均为一个晶格常数。
8、 如权利要求 2所述的光子晶体磁光环行器, 其特征在于: 所述点缺陷 空气腔由移去所述第二介质材料柱上方第二邻近的晶格位置处的第一介质材料 柱所构成。
9、 如权利要求 2所述的光子晶体磁光环行器, 其特征在于: 所述三个第 三介质材料柱分布于所述第二介质材料柱左方、 下方和右方第二邻近的三个晶 格位置处, 每一第三介质材料柱的中心与第二介质材料柱的中心的距离均为两 个晶格常数。
10、 如权利要求 3所述的光子晶体磁光环行器, 其特征在于: 所述四个第 三介质材料柱分布于所述第二介质材料柱的第二邻近的四个晶格位置处, 每一 第三介质材料柱的中心与第二介质材料柱的中心的距离均为两个晶格常数。
11、 一种光子晶体磁光环行器的制造方法, 其特征在于: 所述制造方法包 括如下步骤:
步骤一: 给定光子晶体磁光环行器的工作波长 λ, 选取四角晶格排布的二 维第一介质材料柱构建光子晶体, 第一介质材料柱的半径保证工作波长处于光 子晶体禁带范围内;
步骤二: 在所述光子晶体中, 移去一排和一列第一介质材料柱构成横光子 晶体波导和纵光子晶体波导, 并且横光子晶体波导和纵光子晶体波导交叉连接 排布, 在光子晶体波导的横光子晶体波导和纵光子晶体波导交点连接处引入一 第二介质材料柱构成导光柱, 在所述第二介质材料柱左方、 下方和右方最邻近 的三个晶格位置处分别引入一相同的磁光材料柱, 移去所述第二介质材料柱上 方最邻近的第一介质材料柱并引入一与所述三个磁光材料柱相同的磁光材料 柱。
12、 如权利要求 11 所述的光子晶体磁光环行器的制造方法, 其特征在 于: 进一步包括步骤三: 移去所述第二介质材料柱上方第二邻近晶格位置处的 第一介质材料柱, 构成一点缺陷空气腔; 在所述第二介质材料柱左方、 下方和 右方第二邻近的三个晶格位置处分别引入一相同的第三介质材料柱。
13、 如权利要求 11 所述的光子晶体磁光环行器的制造方法, 其特征在 于: 所述制造方法还包括如下步骤: 在所述第二介质材料柱左方、 下方、 右方 和上方第二邻近的四个晶格位置处分别引入一相同的第三介质材料柱。
14、 如权利要求 11 所述的光子晶体磁光环行器的制造方法, 其特征在 于: 第一介质材料柱的半径与工作波长的比值为 ^^=0.07。
15、 如权利要求 12或 13所述的光子晶体磁光环行器的制造方法, 其特征 在于: 通过调整所述第二介质材料柱的半径 r2、 磁光材料柱的半径 rm和第三 介质材料柱的半径 r3来调节磁光环行器在工作波长 λ下获得的工作效率, 所述 工作效率的尺寸参数是, 第二介质材料柱的半径、 磁光材料柱的半径和第三介 质材料柱的半径与工作波长的比值分别为 ι·2/λ=0.125 , ΓΜ/λ=0.09和 ι·3/λ=0.02。
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