WO2012057043A1 - 有機el素子、透光性基板、および有機el素子の製造方法 - Google Patents
有機el素子、透光性基板、および有機el素子の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012057043A1 WO2012057043A1 PCT/JP2011/074358 JP2011074358W WO2012057043A1 WO 2012057043 A1 WO2012057043 A1 WO 2012057043A1 JP 2011074358 W JP2011074358 W JP 2011074358W WO 2012057043 A1 WO2012057043 A1 WO 2012057043A1
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- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000040 m-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C(=C1[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SJCKRGFTWFGHGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium silver Chemical compound [Mg].[Ag] SJCKRGFTWFGHGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OETHQSJEHLVLGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N metformin hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CN(C)C(=N)N=C(N)N OETHQSJEHLVLGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004866 oxadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003540 oxyquinoline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M phenolate Chemical compound [O-]C1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L phthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010665 pine oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- LISFMEBWQUVKPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-2-ol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(=O)C=CC2=C1 LISFMEBWQUVKPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-8-ol Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003248 quinolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003967 siloles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940042055 systemic antimycotics triazole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001651 triphenylamine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/85—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
- H10K50/858—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices comprising refractive means, e.g. lenses
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/10—Apparatus or processes specially adapted to the manufacture of electroluminescent light sources
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
- H05B33/22—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of auxiliary dielectric or reflective layers
- H05B33/24—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of auxiliary dielectric or reflective layers of metallic reflective layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/805—Electrodes
- H10K50/81—Anodes
- H10K50/816—Multilayers, e.g. transparent multilayers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/85—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
- H10K50/854—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices comprising scattering means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass and not covered by groups H10K10/80, H10K30/80, H10K50/80 or H10K59/80
- H10K77/10—Substrates, e.g. flexible substrates
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2102/00—Constructional details relating to the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K2102/301—Details of OLEDs
- H10K2102/351—Thickness
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an organic EL element translucent substrate and an organic EL element manufacturing method.
- Organic EL (electroluminescent) elements are widely used for displays, backlights, lighting applications, and the like.
- a general organic EL element has a first electrode (anode) disposed on a substrate, a second electrode (cathode), and an organic layer disposed between these electrodes.
- a voltage is applied between the electrodes, holes and electrons are injected from each electrode into the organic layer.
- binding energy is generated, and the organic light emitting material in the organic layer is excited by the binding energy. Since light emission occurs when the excited light emitting material returns to the ground state, a light emitting (EL) element can be obtained by utilizing this.
- a transparent thin film such as ITO (Indium Tin Oxide, hereinafter referred to as ITO) is used for the first electrode, that is, the anode, and a metal thin film such as aluminum and silver is used for the second electrode, that is, the cathode. Is used.
- ITO Indium Tin Oxide
- Patent Document 2 the structure of the organic EL element which provided the glass baking film (scattering layer) on the glass plate which has an uneven
- organic EL elements including a scattering layer have been proposed.
- the organic EL element there is a demand for further improvement in light extraction efficiency.
- the present invention has been made in view of such problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an organic EL element having improved light extraction efficiency and a method for manufacturing the organic EL element, as compared with the prior art. Moreover, it aims at providing the translucent board
- an organic material includes a transparent substrate, a first electrode, an organic light emitting layer formed on the first electrode, and a second electrode formed on the organic light emitting layer.
- a scattering layer having a base material made of glass and a scattering material dispersed in the base material is disposed on the transparent substrate, and is disposed between the scattering layer and the first electrode. Is provided with a light extraction auxiliary layer, and the light extraction auxiliary layer is composed of an inorganic material other than glass.
- the light extraction auxiliary layer may have a refractive index of 2.2 or more in a wavelength range of 430 nm to 650 nm.
- the light extraction assisting layer may be made of a material selected from the group consisting of a titanium-based nitride, a titanium-based oxide, and a titanium-based oxynitride. good.
- the light extraction assisting layer may be composed of TiZr x O y or TiO 2 .
- the light extraction auxiliary layer may have a thickness of 50 nm or less.
- a transparent substrate having a transparent substrate and a transparent electrode
- a scattering layer having a base material made of glass and a scattering material dispersed in the base material is installed between the transparent substrate and the transparent electrode, and light is extracted between the scattering layer and the transparent electrode.
- An auxiliary layer is provided, and the light extraction auxiliary layer is made of an inorganic material other than glass.
- the light extraction assisting layer in the translucent substrate, may have a refractive index of 2.2 or more in a wavelength range of 430 nm to 650 nm.
- a scattering layer is formed on a transparent substrate, a light extraction auxiliary layer is provided on the scattering layer, a first electrode is provided on the light extraction auxiliary layer, and the first An organic EL layer is provided on the electrode, and a second electrode is provided on the organic light-emitting layer.
- the light extraction auxiliary layer may be installed to have a refractive index of 2.2 or more in a wavelength range of 430 nm to 650 nm.
- the light extraction assisting layer may be arranged to be made of a material selected from the group consisting of titanium-based nitrides, titanium-based oxides, and titanium-based oxynitrides.
- the light extraction assisting layer may be installed to be composed of TiZr x O y or TiO 2 .
- the light extraction assisting layer may be installed to have a thickness of 50 nm or less.
- an organic EL element having improved light extraction efficiency as compared with the conventional one and a manufacturing method thereof.
- substrate for such an organic EL element can be provided.
- Example 1 of this invention it is a typical top view of the "scattering layer board
- Example 1 of this invention it is a typical top view of "light extraction auxiliary layer substrate”.
- Example 1 of this invention it is a typical top view of the "light extraction auxiliary
- it is a graph showing the wavelength dependence of the refractive index of TiZr x O y layer.
- Example 1 of this invention it is a typical top view of the translucent board
- it is the current-voltage characteristic of the organic EL element obtained in samples A1-A4.
- it is the current light beam characteristic of the organic EL element obtained in samples A1-A4.
- it is the figure which showed schematically the measuring apparatus for evaluating the angle dependence of light emission and chromaticity of each sample.
- 6 is a graph showing an angular change in luminance obtained in samples A1 to A4 in Example 1 of the present invention.
- Example 6 is a graph showing the result of angular change in chromaticity obtained in samples A1 to A4 in Example 1 of the present invention.
- Example 1 of this invention it is the current light beam characteristic of the organic EL element obtained in samples B1-B4.
- 6 is a graph showing the measurement results of the angle dependence of luminance obtained in samples B1 to B4 in Example 1 of the present invention.
- Example 2 of this invention the structure of the basic organic EL element used for calculation is shown.
- Example 2 of this invention the structure of the organic EL element which has a scattering layer used for calculation is shown.
- Example 2 of this invention the structure of the organic EL element which has a scattering layer and a light extraction auxiliary layer used for calculation is shown.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic EL element in Sample 1.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic EL element in Sample 2.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic EL element in Sample 3.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows an example of a cross-sectional view of an organic EL device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the organic EL device 100 includes a transparent substrate 110, a scattering layer 120, a light extraction auxiliary layer 130, a first electrode (anode) 140, an organic light emitting layer 150, Two electrodes (cathodes) 160 are stacked in this order.
- the lower surface of the organic EL element 100 that is, the exposed surface of the transparent substrate 110
- the light extraction surface 170 is the light extraction surface 170.
- the transparent substrate 110 is made of, for example, a glass substrate or a plastic substrate.
- the first electrode 140 is made of a transparent metal oxide thin film such as ITO and has a thickness of about 50 nm to 1.0 ⁇ m.
- the second electrode 160 is made of a metal such as aluminum or silver.
- the organic light emitting layer 40 is usually composed of a plurality of layers such as an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, a hole transport layer, and a hole injection layer in addition to the light emitting layer.
- the scattering layer 120 includes a glass base material 121 having a first refractive index, and a scattering material 124 having a second refractive index different from the base material 121 and dispersed in the base material 121. Is done.
- the scattering material 124 includes a plurality of particles, a plurality of bubbles, and the like.
- the thickness of the scattering layer 120 is, for example, in the range of 5 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m.
- the scattering layer 120 has a role of scattering incident light and reducing reflection of light at an interface with a layer adjacent to the scattering layer 120.
- the organic EL device according to the present invention has a light extraction auxiliary layer 130 between the scattering layer 120 and the first electrode 140.
- the light extraction auxiliary layer 130 is made of an inorganic material other than glass, and has a role of increasing the amount of light emitted from the light extraction surface 170 by the cooperative action of the light extraction auxiliary layer 130 and the scattering layer 120. That is, in the organic EL element 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention, as will be described in detail later, the amount of light emitted from the light extraction surface 170 can be significantly improved by the scattering layer 120 and the light extraction auxiliary layer 130.
- the light extraction auxiliary layer 130 is a barrier layer between the scattering layer 120 and the first electrode 140. Also works. That is, when the light extraction auxiliary layer 130 is not present, the alkali metal in the scattering layer 120 moves to the first electrode 140 side relatively easily during use of the organic EL element 100. Such movement of the alkali metal becomes a factor that degrades the characteristics (for example, transparency, conductivity, etc.) of the first electrode 140. However, the presence of the light extraction assisting layer 130 can suppress the movement of alkali metal from the scattering layer 120 to the first electrode 140.
- an alkali metal for example, soda lime glass
- the transparent substrate 110 is made of a material having a high transmittance for visible light.
- the transparent substrate 110 may be a glass substrate or a plastic substrate, for example.
- the material of the glass substrate includes inorganic glass such as alkali glass, non-alkali glass or quartz glass.
- the plastic substrate material include polyester, polycarbonate, polyether, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyvinyl alcohol, and fluorine-containing polymers such as polyvinylidene fluoride and polyvinyl fluoride.
- the thickness of the transparent substrate 110 is not particularly limited, but may be in the range of 0.1 mm to 2.0 mm, for example. Considering strength and weight, the thickness of the transparent substrate 110 is preferably 0.5 mm to 1.4 mm.
- the scattering layer 120 includes a base material 121 and a scattering material 124 dispersed in the base material 121.
- the base material 121 has a first refractive index
- the scattering material 124 has a second refractive index different from that of the base material.
- the base material 121 is made of glass, and the glass material may be inorganic glass such as soda lime glass, borosilicate glass, alkali-free glass, and quartz glass.
- the scattering material 124 may be composed of, for example, bubbles, precipitated crystals, material particles different from the base material, phase separation glass, or the like.
- the phase-separated glass refers to glass in which components constituting the glass are separated to form two or more kinds of structures, that is, two or more kinds of glass phases.
- the difference between the refractive index of the base material 121 and the refractive index of the scattering material 124 should be larger.
- the high refractive index glass for the base material 121 as a network former (that is, a skeleton part constituting the glass, etc.), among P 2 O 5 , SiO 2 , B 2 O 3 , GeO 2 , and TeO 2
- a network former that is, a skeleton part constituting the glass, etc.
- TiO 2 , Nb 2 O 5 , WO 3 , Bi 2 O 3 , La 2 O 3 , Gd 2 O 3 , Y 2 O 3 , ZrO are selected as high refractive index components.
- 2 , ZnO, BaO, PbO, and Sb 2 O 3 may be selected from one or more components.
- alkali oxides, alkaline earth oxides, fluorides, and the like may be added within a range that does not affect the refractive index.
- the glass system constituting the base material 121 for example, B 2 O 3 -ZnO-La 2 O 3 based, P 2 O 5 -B 2 O 3 -R '2 O-R "O-TiO 2 - Nb 2 O 5 —WO 3 —Bi 2 O 3 system, TeO 2 —ZnO system, B 2 O 3 —Bi 2 O 3 system, SiO 2 —Bi 2 O 3 system, SiO 2 —ZnO system, B 2 O 3 -ZnO-based, P 2 O 5 -ZnO-based, etc.
- R ′ represents an alkali metal element
- R ′′ represents an alkaline-earth metal element.
- the above material system is only an example, and if it is the structure which satisfy
- the refractive index of the base material 121 is preferably equal to or higher than the refractive index of the first electrode 140. This is because when the refractive index of the base material 121 is lower than the refractive index of the first electrode 140, a loss due to total reflection occurs at the interface between the light extraction layer 130 and the first electrode 140.
- the color of light emission can be changed by adding a colorant to the base material 121.
- a colorant such as transition metal oxides, rare earth metal oxides, metal colloids, and the like may be used alone or in combination.
- a fluorescent material can be used for the base material 121 or the scattering material 124.
- the emission color of the organic EL element can be reduced, and the emitted light is scattered and emitted, so that the angle dependency of the color and / or the color change with time can be suppressed. it can.
- Such a configuration is suitable for backlight and lighting applications that require white light emission.
- the light extraction auxiliary layer 130 is made of an inorganic material other than glass.
- the light extraction auxiliary layer 130 preferably has a refractive index of 2.2 or more in the wavelength range of 430 nm to 650 nm, more preferably 2.3 or more in the wavelength range of 430 nm to 650 nm, More preferably, it has a refractive index of 2.4 or more in the wavelength range of 430 nm to 650 nm.
- the light extraction auxiliary layer 130 may be made of, for example, titanium oxide, titanium nitride, titanium oxynitride, or the like.
- the light extraction auxiliary layer 130 may be made of TiZr x O y or TiO 2 .
- the thickness of the light extraction auxiliary layer 130 is preferably 50 nm or less, and more preferably 40 nm or less. When the thickness of the light extraction auxiliary layer 130 exceeds 50 nm, the risk that the light generated in the organic light emitting layer 150 is totally reflected by the light extraction auxiliary layer 130 increases.
- the first electrode 140 is required to have a translucency of 80% or more in order to extract light generated in the organic light emitting layer 150 to the outside. Also, a high work function is required to inject many holes.
- the first electrode 140 includes, for example, ITO, SnO 2 , ZnO, IZO (Indium Zinc Oxide), AZO (ZnO—Al 2 O 3 : zinc oxide doped with aluminum), GZO (ZnO—Ga 2 O). 3 : zinc oxide doped with gallium), Nb-doped TiO 2 , and Ta-doped TiO 2 .
- the thickness of the first electrode 140 is preferably 100 nm or more.
- the refractive index of the first electrode 140 is in the range of 1.9 to 2.2.
- the refractive index of the first electrode 140 can be reduced by increasing the carrier concentration.
- Commercially available ITO contains 10 wt% SnO 2 as standard, but the refractive index of ITO can be lowered by further increasing the Sn concentration.
- the carrier concentration increases, but the mobility and transmittance decrease. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the Sn amount in consideration of the overall balance.
- the refractive index of the first electrode 140 is preferably determined in consideration of the refractive index of the base material 121 constituting the scattering layer 120 and the refractive index of the second electrode 160. Considering the waveguide calculation, the reflectance of the second electrode 160, and the like, the difference in refractive index between the first electrode 140 and the base material 121 is preferably 0.2 or less.
- the organic light emitting layer 150 is a layer having a light emitting function, and is usually composed of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer. However, if the organic light emitting layer 150 has a light emitting layer, it does not necessarily need to have all the other layers. In general, the refractive index of the organic light emitting layer 150 is in the range of 1.7 to 1.8.
- the hole injection layer preferably has a small difference in ionization potential in order to lower the hole injection barrier from the first electrode 140.
- the charge injection efficiency from the electrode to the hole injection layer is increased, the drive voltage of the organic EL element 100 is lowered and the charge injection efficiency is increased.
- High molecular material or low molecular material is used for the material of the hole injection layer.
- polymer materials polyethylene dioxythiophene (PEDOT: PSS) doped with polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSS) may be used.
- PSS polystyrene sulfonic acid
- low molecular weight materials phthalocyanine-based copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) may be used.
- the hole transport layer serves to transport holes injected from the hole injection layer to the light emitting layer.
- the hole transport layer include triphenylamine derivatives, N, N′-bis (1-naphthyl) -N, N′-diphenyl-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine (NPD), N , N′-Diphenyl-N, N′-bis [N-phenyl-N- (2-naphthyl) -4′-aminobiphenyl-4-yl] -1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine ( NPTE), 1,1′-bis [(di-4-tolylamino) phenyl] cyclohexane (HTM2), and N, N′-diphenyl-N, N′-bis (3-methylphenyl) -1,1′- Diphenyl-4,4′-diamine (TPD) or the like may be used.
- NPD trip
- the thickness of the hole transport layer is, for example, in the range of 10 nm to 150 nm.
- the thickness is usually in the range of 10 nm to 150 nm because of the problem of short circuit between electrodes.
- the light emitting layer has a role of providing a field where the injected electrons and holes are recombined.
- the organic light emitting material a low molecular weight or high molecular weight material may be used.
- the light emitting layer may be tris (8-quinolinolato) aluminum complex (Alq3), bis (8-hydroxy) quinaldine aluminum phenoxide (Alq′2OPh), bis (8-hydroxy) quinaldine aluminum-2,5-dimethyl.
- Caq2 complexes
- QD phenyl Nakudorin
- anthracene perylene
- perylene may be a fluorescent substance such as coronene.
- a quinolinolate complex may be used, and in particular, an aluminum complex having 8-quinolinol and a derivative thereof as a ligand may be used.
- the electron transport layer serves to transport electrons injected from the electrode.
- the electron transport layer include quinolinol aluminum complex (Alq3), oxadiazole derivatives (for example, 2,5-bis (1-naphthyl) -1,3,4-oxadiazole (END), and 2- ( 4-t-butylphenyl) -5- (4-biphenyl))-1,3,4-oxadiazole (PBD), etc.), triazole derivatives, bathophenanthroline derivatives, silole derivatives, and the like.
- the electron injection layer may be configured, for example, by providing a layer doped with an alkali metal such as lithium (Li) or cesium (Cs) at the interface with the second electrode 160.
- the second electrode 160 a metal having a small work function or an alloy thereof is used.
- the second electrode 160 may be, for example, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a metal belonging to Group 3 of the periodic table, or the like.
- aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), or an alloy thereof may be used.
- a laminated electrode in which aluminum (Al) is deposited on a thin film of aluminum (Al), magnesium silver (MgAg), lithium fluoride (LiF), or lithium oxide (Li 2 O) may be used. good.
- a laminated film of calcium (Ca) or barium (Ba) and aluminum (Al) may be used.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic flow chart in manufacturing the organic EL device according to the present invention.
- the organic EL device manufacturing method includes a step of forming a scattering layer on a transparent substrate (Step S110) and a step of installing a light extraction auxiliary layer on the scattering layer (Step S110).
- Step S110 a step of installing a first electrode on the auxiliary light extraction layer (step S130), a step of installing an organic light emitting layer on the first electrode (step S140), and the organic light emission Placing a second electrode on the layer (step S150).
- step S110 a step of forming a scattering layer on a transparent substrate
- Step S110 a step of installing a light extraction auxiliary layer on the scattering layer
- S120 a step of installing a first electrode on the auxiliary light extraction layer
- step S140 a step of installing an organic light emitting layer on the first electrode
- step S150 the organic light emission Placing a second electrode on the layer
- a transparent substrate is prepared.
- the transparent substrate may be a glass substrate or a plastic substrate.
- a scattering layer in which scattering substances are dispersed in a glass base material is formed on the transparent substrate.
- the method for forming the scattering layer is not particularly limited, but here, a method for forming the scattering layer by the “frit paste method” will be particularly described. However, the scattering layer may be formed by other methods.
- frit paste method a paste containing a glass material called a frit paste is prepared (preparation process), this frit paste is applied to the surface of the substrate to be installed, patterned (pattern formation process), and the frit paste is then baked.
- This is a method of forming a desired glass film on the surface of the substrate to be installed by performing (firing process).
- the glass powder is composed of a material that finally forms the base material of the scattering layer.
- the composition of the glass powder is not particularly limited as long as desired scattering characteristics can be obtained, and the glass powder can be frit pasted and fired.
- the composition of the glass powder for example, P 2 O 5 to 20mol% ⁇ 30mol%, B a 2 O 3 3mol% ⁇ 14mol% , a Bi 2 O 3 10mol% ⁇ 20mol %, the TiO 2 3mol% ⁇ 15mol%, Nb 2 O 5 is contained in an amount of 10 mol% to 20 mol%, WO 3 is contained in an amount of 5 mol% to 15 mol%, the total amount of Li 2 O, Na 2 O and K 2 O is 10 to 20 mol%, and the total amount of the above components is 90 mol% % Or more.
- the particle size of the glass powder is, for example, in the range of 1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
- a predetermined amount of filler may be added to the glass powder in order to control the thermal expansion characteristics of the finally obtained scattering layer.
- the filler for example, particles such as zircon, silica, or alumina are used, and the particle size may be in the range of 0.1 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
- the resin for example, ethyl cellulose, nitrocellulose, acrylic resin, vinyl acetate, butyral resin, melamine resin, alkyd resin, rosin resin, and the like may be used.
- the main agent ethyl cellulose, nitrocellulose and the like may be used.
- a butyral resin, a melamine resin, an alkyd resin, and a rosin resin are added, the strength of the frit paste coating film is improved.
- the solvent has a role of dissolving the resin and adjusting the viscosity.
- the solvent include ether solvents (butyl carbitol (BC), butyl carbitol acetate (BCA), diethylene glycol di-n-butyl ether, dipropylene glycol butyl ether, tripropylene glycol butyl ether, butyl cellosolve), alcohol solvents ( ⁇ -Terpineol, pine oil, dawanol), ester solvent (2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate), phthalate ester solvent (DBP (dibutyl phthalate), DMP (dimethyl phthalate) , DOP (dioctyl phthalate)) and the like.
- ether solvents butyl carbitol (BC), butyl carbitol acetate (BCA), diethylene glycol di-n-butyl ether, dipropylene glycol buty
- DBP dibutyl phthalate
- DMP dimethyl phthalate
- DOP dioctyl phthalate
- a surfactant may be added to the frit paste to adjust the viscosity and promote frit dispersion.
- you may use a silane coupling agent for surface modification.
- these raw materials are mixed to prepare a frit paste in which glass raw materials are uniformly dispersed.
- the frit paste prepared by the above-described method is applied on a transparent substrate and patterned.
- the application method and the patterning method are not particularly limited.
- a frit paste may be pattern-printed on a transparent substrate using a screen printer.
- a doctor blade printing method or a die coat printing method may be used.
- the frit paste film is baked. Usually, firing is performed in two steps. In the first step, the resin in the frit paste film is decomposed and lost, and in the second step, the glass powder is sintered and softened.
- the first step is performed by maintaining the frit paste film in a temperature range of 200 ° C. to 400 ° C. in an air atmosphere.
- the processing temperature varies depending on the resin material contained in the frit paste.
- the treatment temperature may be about 350 ° C. to 400 ° C.
- the resin is nitrocellulose
- the treatment temperature may be about 200 ° C. to 300 ° C.
- the processing time is usually about 30 minutes to 1 hour.
- the second step is performed by maintaining the frit paste film in the temperature range of the softening temperature ⁇ 30 ° C. of the contained glass powder in an air atmosphere.
- the processing temperature is, for example, in the range of 450 ° C. to 600 ° C.
- the processing time is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 30 minutes to 1 hour.
- the glass powder is sintered and softened to form a base material for the scattering layer. Further, the scattering material uniformly dispersed in the base material can be obtained by the bubbles present in the frit paste film.
- a scattering layer having a surface whose side surface portion is inclined at a gentler angle than a right angle from the upper surface toward the bottom surface is formed.
- the thickness of the finally obtained scattering layer may be in the range of 5 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m.
- a light extraction auxiliary layer is installed on the scattering layer obtained in the above step.
- the method for installing the light extraction auxiliary layer is not particularly limited, and for example, a film forming method such as a sputtering method, a vapor deposition method, and a vapor phase film forming method may be used.
- the light extraction auxiliary layer may be patterned.
- Step S130 Next, a 1st electrode (anode) is installed on the light extraction auxiliary layer obtained at the said process.
- the method for installing the first electrode is not particularly limited, and for example, a film forming method such as a sputtering method, a vapor deposition method, and a vapor phase film forming method may be used. Further, the first electrode may be patterned.
- the material of the first electrode may be ITO or the like.
- the thickness of the first electrode is not particularly limited, and the thickness of the first electrode may be, for example, in the range of 50 nm to 1.0 ⁇ m.
- the laminate having the transparent substrate, the scattering layer, the light extraction auxiliary layer, and the first electrode obtained in the steps so far is referred to as a “translucent substrate”.
- the specification of the organic light emitting layer to be installed in the next process varies depending on the application application of the finally obtained organic EL element. Therefore, conventionally, the “translucent substrate” is often distributed in the market as an intermediate product in this state, and the subsequent steps are often omitted.
- Step S140 When manufacturing an organic EL element, next, an organic light emitting layer is installed so that a 1st electrode may be covered.
- the installation method of the organic light emitting layer is not particularly limited, and for example, a vapor deposition method and / or a coating method may be used.
- a second electrode is placed on the organic light emitting layer.
- the method for installing the second electrode is not particularly limited, and for example, a vapor deposition method, a sputtering method, a vapor deposition method, or the like may be used.
- the organic EL element 100 as shown in FIG. 1 is manufactured.
- the method for manufacturing the organic EL element described above is an example, and the organic EL element may be manufactured by other methods.
- Example 1 A plurality of organic EL elements were produced by the following method.
- a soda-lime substrate having a length of 50 mm, a width of 50 mm, and a thickness of 0.55 mm was prepared as a transparent substrate.
- a raw material for the scattering layer was prepared by the following method.
- a mixed powder having the composition shown in Table 1 was prepared and dissolved.
- the dissolution was carried out by holding at 1050 ° C. for 1.5 hours and then holding at 950 ° C. for 30 minutes. Thereafter, the melt was cast into twin rolls to obtain flaky glass.
- the glass transition temperature of the flaky glass was measured by a thermal expansion method using a thermal analyzer (manufactured by Bruker, trade name: TD5000SA). The heating rate was 5 ° C./min. The glass transition temperature of the flaky glass was 475 ° C. The coefficient of thermal expansion of the flaky glass was 72 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 / ° C.
- the refractive index nd at the d-line (587.56 nm) of the flaky glass was 1.98.
- this flaky glass was dry-pulverized with a planetary ball mill made of zirconia for 2 hours to prepare a glass powder having an average particle size (d 50 : particle size of 50% integrated value, unit ⁇ m) of 1 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m.
- this glass powder was kneaded with 25 g of an organic vehicle (a solution of about 10% by mass of ethyl cellulose in a-terpineol or the like) to prepare a glass paste. Further, this glass paste was printed on a soda lime substrate using a screen printer. As a result, a pattern having two circular scattering layers having a diameter of 10 mm ⁇ was formed on the soda lime substrate. After screen printing, the soda lime substrate was dried at 120 ° C. for 10 minutes.
- an organic vehicle a solution of about 10% by mass of ethyl cellulose in a-terpineol or the like
- the soda lime substrate was heated to 450 ° C. over 45 minutes, held at 450 ° C. for 10 hours, then heated to 575 ° C. in 12 minutes, held at 575 ° C. for 40 minutes, and then to room temperature in 3 hours. The temperature dropped. Thereby, a scattering layer was formed on the soda lime substrate.
- FIG. 3 schematically shows a top view of a soda lime substrate having a scattering layer pattern obtained by such a process.
- the pattern of the scattering layer formed on the soda lime substrate 310 is composed of two scattering layers 320, and each scattering layer 320 has a circular shape with a diameter of 10 mm ⁇ .
- the two scattering layers 320 are disposed at positions where the distances from the center of the soda lime substrate 320 are equal along one diagonal L3 of the soda lime substrate 320.
- the film thickness of the scattering layer 320 was about 42 ⁇ m.
- the total light transmittance and haze value of the soda lime substrate 310 (hereinafter referred to as “scattering layer substrate”) having the scattering layer 320 were measured.
- Suga Test Instruments Haze Meter HGM-2 was used as a measuring device.
- the total light transmittance and haze value of a soda lime substrate alone were also measured.
- the total light transmittance of the scattering layer substrate was 69%, and the haze value was 73%.
- the surface waviness of the surface of the scattering layer was measured using SURFCOM 1400D manufactured by Tokyo Seimitsu.
- the average arithmetic roughness (Ra) of the surface of the scattering layer was 0.95 ⁇ m.
- a Ti 70 atomic% -Zr 30 atomic% target (target 1) and an ITO target (target 2) having a diameter of 6 inches were installed on two cathodes of a batch type magnetron sputtering apparatus.
- the scattering layer substrate was placed on the substrate holder of the apparatus.
- a glass mask of 25 mm ⁇ 50 mm was placed on the upper part of the scattering layer substrate to cover the lower half area of the scattering layer substrate, and no film was formed on that portion.
- the substrate heater was set to 250 ° C. After the scattering layer substrate was heated, 25 sccm of argon gas and 25 sccm of oxygen gas were introduced as the atmospheric gas.
- a TiZr x O y layer was formed as a light extraction auxiliary layer in the non-mask region of the upper half of the scattering layer substrate using the target 1 by DC pulse sputtering with an input power of 1000 W.
- the thickness of the TiZr x O y layer is 40 nm.
- FIG. 4 shows a top view of the soda lime substrate after forming the TiZr x O y layer.
- a TiZr x O y layer 330 is formed in the upper half region of the soda lime substrate 310.
- the soda lime substrate 310 is referred to as “light extraction auxiliary layer substrate” 410.
- light extraction auxiliary layer substrate For the sake of clarity, in the subsequent drawings, all layers below the uppermost surface are represented by broken lines.
- the substrate heater was turned off, the sputtering apparatus was opened to the atmosphere, and the glass mask was replaced with an ITO film formation mask. Thereafter, the sputtering apparatus was again evacuated to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa or less, and the substrate heater was set to 250 ° C. After the light extraction auxiliary layer substrate 410 was heated, argon gas 98 sccm and oxygen gas 2 sccm were introduced as atmospheric gases.
- an ITO layer was formed on the light extraction auxiliary layer substrate 410 by DC pulse sputtering with an input power of 300W. Thereafter, the substrate heater was turned off, the sputtering apparatus was opened to the atmosphere, and the light extraction auxiliary layer substrate 410 having the ITO layer formed thereon was taken out.
- the thickness of the ITO layer is 150 nm.
- FIG. 5 shows a top view of the light extraction auxiliary layer substrate 410 after the ITO layer is formed.
- each ITO layer 350 has a pattern in which the letter “L” is rotated 180 °.
- the upper left ITO layer 350 and the lower right ITO layer 350 have a horizontal portion (near the end) of the ITO layer 350 that overlaps the center of the scattering layer 320. Arranged in this way.
- the light extraction auxiliary layer substrate 410 on which the ITO layer shown in FIG. 5 is formed is referred to as a translucent substrate.
- the refractive index of the TiZr x O y layer was measured by the following method.
- a sample in which a TiZrOx layer was directly formed on the above-mentioned soda lime substrate under the above-described sputtering conditions was used.
- the thickness of the TiZrOx layer is 40 nm.
- FIG. 6 shows that the refractive index of the TiZr x O y layer is 2.4 or more in the wavelength range of 430 nm to 650 nm.
- the light-transmitting substrate was irradiated with oxygen plasma to clean the surface.
- ⁇ -NPD N, N′-diphenyl-N, N′-bis (l-naphthyl) -l, l′ biphenyl-4,100 nm
- ⁇ -NPD N, N′-diphenyl-N, N′-bis (l-naphthyl) -l, l′ biphenyl-4,100 nm
- 4 ′′ diamin) 60 nm Alq3 (tris8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum), 0.5 nm LiF, and 80 nm Al were successively formed.
- FIG. 7 shows a top view of the translucent substrate 700 after film formation.
- the ⁇ -NPD and Alq3 layer 360 was formed as a circular pattern having a diameter of 12 mm at four locations on the translucent substrate 700 by using a mask. Further, the ⁇ -NPD and Alq3 layer 360 was installed so as to cover the tip of each ITO layer 350 in the horizontal direction.
- the LiF and Al layer 370 was formed as a pattern substantially mirror-symmetric with the ITO layer 350 at four locations on the translucent substrate 700 by using a mask.
- the LiF and Al layer 370 has a region 390 of 2 mm in length and width at the tip of the horizontal portion, and this region 390 is arranged so as to overlap the center of the ⁇ -NPD and Alq3 layer 360.
- the sample was divided into four dimensions of 25 mm in length and width.
- an organic EL element in which a scattering layer 320, a light extraction auxiliary layer 330, an ITO layer 350, an organic light emitting layer ( ⁇ -NPD, Alq3 and LiF), and an Al layer are installed on a soda lime substrate 310 ( (See the upper left of FIG. 7) (referred to as sample A1) and (2) on the soda lime substrate 310, the light extraction auxiliary layer 330, the ITO layer 350, the organic light emitting layer ( ⁇ -NPD, Alq3 and LiF), and the Al layer (Refer to the upper right of FIG.
- sample A2 (3) on the soda lime substrate 310, an ITO layer 350, an organic light emitting layer ( ⁇ -NPD, Alq3 and LiF), and An organic EL element in which an Al layer is installed (refer to the lower left of FIG. 7) (referred to as sample A3), and (4) a scattering layer 320 and an ITO layer 3 on a soda lime substrate 310 0, the organic light emitting layer (alpha-NPD, Alq3 and LiF), and Al layer is placed organic EL element (the lower right see FIG. 7) (referred to as sample A4), was produced.
- each sample A1 to A4 was resin-sealed by the following method.
- a concave portion was formed in the central portion of the counter substrate by performing sandblasting on the central portion of a separately prepared glass substrate (counter substrate).
- a water catching material containing CaO was attached to the recess.
- the samples A1 to A4 are placed in the recesses of the counter substrate in this state so that the soda lime substrate side faces upward.
- a photosensitive epoxy resin was applied around the periphery of the concave portion of the counter substrate so as to eliminate a gap with the sample.
- the photosensitive epoxy resin was irradiated with ultraviolet rays to cure the resin, and the sample was sealed.
- Example 1 Comparative Example 1
- an organic EL device in which a scattering layer 320, a light extraction auxiliary layer 330, an ITO layer 350, an organic light emitting layer, and an Al layer are placed on a soda lime substrate 310
- an organic EL element referred to as sample B2
- a light extraction auxiliary layer 330, an ITO layer 350, an organic light emitting layer, and an Al layer are placed on a soda lime substrate 310
- soda An organic EL element (referred to as sample B3) in which an ITO layer 350, an organic light emitting layer, and an Al layer are disposed on a lime substrate 310
- An organic EL element (referred to as sample B4) provided with a light emitting layer and an Al layer was produced.
- Comparative Example 1 an SiO 2 layer (thickness: 40 nm) was installed as the light extraction auxiliary layer 330 instead of the TiZr x O y layer.
- the light extraction auxiliary layer 330 is formed by using a 6-inch diameter Si target (target 3) instead of the 6-inch diameter Ti 70 atomic% -Zr 30 atomic% target (target 1). Went.
- Argon gas 25 sccm and oxygen gas 25 sccm were introduced as the atmospheric gas during the film formation.
- the input power for DC pulse sputtering was 300 W.
- optical characteristics such as current-voltage characteristics were evaluated.
- FIG. 8 summarizes the current-voltage characteristics of the organic EL elements obtained in Samples A1 to A4.
- FIG. 9 shows current luminous flux characteristics.
- the light flux amount (lm) is as follows: Sample A3 (without scattering layer, no light extraction auxiliary layer), Sample A2 (without scattering layer, with light extraction auxiliary layer), Sample A4 (with scattering layer, It can be seen that the improvement is in the order of sample A1 (without light extraction auxiliary layer) and sample A1 (with scattering layer, with light extraction auxiliary layer).
- Table 2 shows the value of the luminous flux when the current value in each sample A1 to A4 is 4 mA. Further, this table shows the magnification of the luminous flux amount of each sample A1, A2, and A4 when the sample A3 is used as the reference (1).
- FIG. 10 schematically shows the configuration of the measuring apparatus.
- the measuring apparatus 1000 includes a luminance meter 1010 and a sample 1020.
- a luminance meter 1010 a color luminance meter (trade name: BM-7A) manufactured by Topcon Techno House Co., Ltd. was used.
- a current of 1 mA is passed through the sample 1020 through both electrodes to cause light emission.
- the sample 1020 is rotated with respect to the luminance meter 1010, and the luminescence at each angle ⁇ (°) is measured by the luminance meter 1010.
- FIG. 11 and 12 show the measurement results.
- FIG. 11 shows the change in luminance angle
- FIG. 12 shows the change in chromaticity angle.
- the CIE 1976 UCS color system is used to calculate the chromaticity coordinates.
- FIG. 11 shows that the luminance is improved in the order of sample A3, sample A2, sample A4, and sample A1 regardless of the measurement angle. Moreover, it turns out that the brightness
- FIG. 12 also shows that the change in chromaticity due to the measurement angle is suppressed in sample A1 compared to sample A3. This result suggests that the limitation of the viewing angle is relaxed in the sample A1.
- the organic EL element when configured with the configuration of the sample A1, it is expected that the optical characteristics of the organic EL element are significantly improved.
- FIG. 13 shows the current luminous flux characteristics obtained in Samples B1 to B4.
- the luminous flux (lm) is equally low in sample B2 (without scattering layer and with light extraction auxiliary layer) and sample B3 (without scattering layer and without light extraction auxiliary layer). It can be seen that the scattering layer is present and the light extraction assisting layer is not present) and the sample B1 (with the scattering layer is present and the light extraction assisting layer is present) are equally large.
- Table 3 shows the value of the luminous flux when the current value in each of the samples B1 to B4 is 4 mA. Further, this table shows the magnification of the luminous flux amount of each of the samples B1, B2, and B4 when the sample B3 is used as the reference (1).
- FIG. 14 shows the measurement results of the angle dependence of the luminance obtained in samples B1 to B4.
- the optical characteristics of the organic EL element are significantly improved, whereas the SiO 2 layer is used as the light extraction auxiliary layer. It was confirmed that the effect of improving the optical characteristics of the organic EL element could not be obtained.
- Example 2 In the configuration of the organic EL element, when there is no light extraction assisting layer, the refractive index difference between the first electrode and the scattering layer is small, and thus the reflectance at the interface between the first electrode and the scattering layer is small. As a result, even if the film thickness of the organic EL element, for example, the first electrode and / or the organic light emitting layer is changed, the interference condition in the organic EL element does not change much.
- the light extraction auxiliary layer is installed between the scattering layer and the first electrode
- the refractive index of the light extraction auxiliary layer is separated from the refractive index of the scattering layer and the first electrode
- the reflectance at the interface between the light extraction auxiliary layer and the interface between the light extraction auxiliary layer and the first electrode is increased, and the interference condition can be controlled by changing the film thickness of the light extraction auxiliary layer and the organic light emitting layer. Further, this makes it possible to change the incident angle of the light generated in the organic light emitting layer to the scattering layer, and as a result, it is possible to improve the light extraction efficiency.
- interference calculation was performed in order to optimize the light interference condition in the organic EL element.
- the interference calculation software setfos manufactured by CYBERNET was used.
- 15 to 17 show the configuration of the organic EL element used for the calculation.
- FIG. 15 shows the configuration of the organic EL element that is the basis of the calculation.
- the organic EL element 1500 shown in FIG. 15 is configured by laminating a glass substrate 1510, a first electrode (transparent electrode) 1540, an organic light emitting layer 1550, and a second electrode (reflection electrode) 1560 in this order. Is done.
- the organic light emitting layer 1550 is configured by stacking a hole transport layer 1551, a light emitting layer 1553, an electron transport layer 1555, and an electron injection layer 1557 in this order from the side closer to the first electrode 1540.
- the organic EL element 1600 shown in FIG. 16 is formed by laminating a scattering layer matrix glass 1620, a first electrode (transparent electrode) 1640, an organic light emitting layer 1650, and a second electrode (reflection electrode) 1660 in this order. Composed.
- the organic light emitting layer 1650 is formed by laminating a hole transport layer 1651, a light emitting layer 1653, an electron transport layer 1655, and an electron injection layer 1657 in this order from the side closer to the first electrode 1640.
- the organic EL element 1700 of FIG. 17 includes a scattering layer matrix glass 1720, a light extraction auxiliary layer 1730, a first electrode (transparent electrode) 1740, an organic light emitting layer 1750, and a second electrode (reflection electrode) 1760. It is configured by stacking in order.
- the organic light emitting layer 1750 is formed by stacking a hole transport layer 1751, a light emitting layer 1753, an electron transport layer 1755, and an electron injection layer 1757 in this order from the side closer to the first electrode 1740.
- soda lime glass was assumed as the glass substrate 1510 in FIG. Moreover, the thing of the composition of Table 4 was assumed as scattering layer matrix glass 1620, 1720 in FIG.16 and FIG.17.
- the first electrodes 1540, 1640, and 1740 are made of ITO, and the second electrodes 1560, 1660, and 1760 are made of Al.
- the hole transport layers 1551, 1651, and 1751 of the organic light-emitting layers 1550, 1650, and 1750 are ⁇ -NPD, and the light-emitting layers 1553, 1653, and 1753 are DCJTB (4- (Dicyanomethylene) -2-tert in 2 wt% in Alq3.
- DCJTB DCJTB-4- (Dicyanomethylene) -2-tert in 2 wt% in Alq3.
- the electron transport layers 1555, 1655 and 1755 are Alq3
- the electron injection layer 1557, 1657 and 1757 were LiF.
- a Ti x Zr y O layer (hereinafter referred to as a TZO layer) was assumed as the light extraction auxiliary layer 1730.
- Table 5 shows the refractive index n and extinction coefficient k of each layer.
- the notation “9.1E-07” indicates 9.1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 .
- the first electrodes 1540, 1640, and 1740 have a two-layer structure in which the refractive index is different between the upper and lower sides. That is, in the calculation, the value described in the first electrode (upper part) in Table 5 is used as the refractive index of the upper half of the first electrodes 1540, 1640, and 1740, and the refractive index of the lower half is used. The values listed for the first electrode (bottom) in Table 5 were used.
- the calculation software setfos can handle interference calculations but cannot calculate scattering phenomena in the scattering layer. Therefore, here, the luminance of light emitted in a direction perpendicular to the glass substrate or the scattering layer matrix glass was obtained by interference calculation.
- the luminance of the light extracted from the glass substrate in the vertical direction and the light incident on the scattering layer perpendicularly.
- the luminance of light vertically incident on the scattering layer is high, the luminance of light finally emitted perpendicularly from the substrate to the atmosphere will also increase.
- the film thicknesses of the hole transport layers 1551 and 1651 are used as variables for the organic EL elements 1500 and 1600 shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, and the hole transport layer 1751 is used for the organic EL element 1700 shown in FIG.
- the film thickness of the TZO layer 1730 was a variable.
- the film thickness of the other layers was constant. That is, the first electrodes 1540, 1640, and 1740 (total of two layers) are 150 nm, the light-emitting layers 1553, 1653, and 1753 are 20 nm, the electron-transport layers 1555, 1655, and 1755 are 70 nm, and the electron-injection layer 1557 , 1657 and 1757 are 0.5 nm, and the second electrodes 1560, 1660 and 1760 are 80 nm.
- 18A and 18B show the front luminance (Radiance) obtained in the organic EL element 1500 having the basic configuration shown in FIG. 19A and 19B
- FIGS. 20A and 20B show front luminances (radiances) obtained in the organic EL elements 1600 and 1700 shown in FIGS. 16 and 17, respectively.
- AlQ3 is a quinolinol aluminum complex
- NPD is N, N′-bis (1-naphthyl) -N, N′-diphenyl-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine
- TZO represents Ti x Zr y O.
- Table 6 shows the optimum film thickness of each layer as a variable in each organic EL element 1500, 1600, and 1700 together with the film thickness of the fixed layer.
- the electron transport layer 1755 is fixed to 70 nm. However, even when the thickness of the electron transport layer 1755 is a variable, the maximum value of luminance is obtained when the electron transport layer 1755 is 70 nm. Was found to be obtained.
- the organic EL element was produced by the following method.
- a soda-lime substrate having a length of 50 mm, a width of 50 mm, and a thickness of 0.55 mm was prepared as a glass substrate.
- the raw material for the scattering layer was prepared by the following method.
- a mixed powder having the composition shown in Table 4 was prepared. Moreover, this mixed powder was melt
- the glass transition temperature of the obtained flaky glass was measured by a thermal expansion method using a thermal analyzer (TD5000SA; manufactured by Bruker). The heating rate was 5 ° C./min. The glass transition temperature of the flaky glass was 490 ° C. The coefficient of thermal expansion of the flaky glass was 70 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 / ° C.
- the refractive index of the flaky glass was measured using a refractometer (KRP-2: manufactured by Kalnew Optical Industry Co., Ltd.), the refractive index nd at the d-line (587.56 nm) of the flaky glass was 1 .94.
- this flaky glass was dry-pulverized for 2 hours with a planetary ball mill made of zirconia to prepare a glass powder having an average particle size (d 50 : particle size of 50% integrated value, unit ⁇ m) of 1 to 3 ⁇ m.
- 75 g of this glass powder was kneaded with 25 g of an organic vehicle (a solution of about 10% by mass of ethyl cellulose in a-terpineol or the like) to prepare a glass paste.
- this glass paste was printed on a soda lime substrate using a screen printer. As a result, a pattern having two circular scattering layers having a diameter of 10 mm ⁇ was formed on the soda lime substrate.
- the soda lime substrate was dried at 120 ° C. for 10 minutes. In order to increase the thickness of the scattering layer, screen printing of such glass paste and drying were repeated.
- the soda lime substrate was heated to 450 ° C. over 45 minutes, held at 450 ° C. for 10 hours, then heated to 575 ° C. in 12 minutes, held at 585 ° C. for 40 minutes, and then to room temperature in 3 hours. The temperature dropped. Thereby, a scattering layer was formed on the soda lime substrate.
- the pattern of the scattering layer is the same as that shown in FIG.
- the film thickness of the scattering layer after firing was 45 ⁇ m.
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, the total light transmittance and haze value of the soda lime substrate having the scattering layer were measured. As a measuring device, Suga Test Instruments Haze Meter HGM-2 was used. As a reference, the total light transmittance and haze value of a soda lime substrate alone were also measured. As a result, the total light transmittance of the soda lime substrate in the portion where the scattering layer was installed was 83%, and the haze value was 83%.
- the surface waviness of the surface of the scattering layer was measured using SURFCOM 1400D manufactured by Tokyo Seimitsu.
- the average arithmetic roughness (Ra) of the surface of the scattering layer was 0.11 ⁇ m.
- soda lime substrate (hereinafter referred to as “scattering layer substrate”) having a scattering layer at two locations on the surface was produced.
- a Ti 70 atomic% -Zr 30 atomic% target (target 1) and an ITO target (target 2) having a diameter of 6 inches were installed on two cathodes of a batch type magnetron sputtering apparatus.
- the scattering layer substrate was placed on the substrate holder of the apparatus. After the sputtering apparatus was evacuated to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa or less, the substrate heater was set to 250 ° C. After the scattering layer substrate was heated, 25 sccm of argon gas and 25 sccm of oxygen gas were introduced as the atmospheric gas.
- a TZO layer was formed as a light extraction auxiliary layer in the region half of the surface of the scattering layer substrate using the target 1 by DC pulse sputtering with an input power of 1000 W.
- the thickness of the TZO layer is 70 nm.
- the pattern of the light extraction auxiliary layer is the same as that shown in FIG.
- this scattering layer substrate is referred to as a “light extraction auxiliary layer substrate”.
- a first electrode ITO electrode
- the light extraction auxiliary layer substrate by the following method.
- the sputtering apparatus was opened to the atmosphere, and the glass mask was replaced with an ITO film formation mask. Thereafter, the sputtering apparatus was again evacuated to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa or less, and the substrate heater was set to 250 ° C. After the light extraction auxiliary layer substrate was heated, 98 sccm of argon gas and 2 sccm of oxygen gas were introduced as atmospheric gases. Next, an ITO layer was formed on the light extraction auxiliary layer substrate by DC pulse sputtering with an input power of 300 W using the target 2. Thereafter, the substrate heater was turned off, the sputtering apparatus was opened to the atmosphere, and the light extraction auxiliary layer substrate on which the ITO layer was formed was taken out. The thickness of the ITO layer is 150 nm.
- the electrode pattern was a pattern having the shape shown in FIG.
- the organic light emitting layer and the second electrode were formed on the light extraction auxiliary layer substrate having the ITO layer obtained through the above steps, and four organic EL elements having different configurations were produced.
- the thicknesses of the hole transport layer, the light-emitting layer, the electron transport layer, and the electron injection layer constituting the organic light-emitting layer, and the thickness of the second electrode were the values in Table 6 obtained by the above calculation. .
- the pattern of each layer was the pattern shown in FIG.
- the cleaning method for each substrate, the layer forming method, and the organic EL element sealing method are the same as those in Example 1.
- the light emitting layer that is, the Alq3 film containing 2% by weight of DCJTB was formed by co-evaporating Alq3 and DCJTB.
- the obtained substrate was divided into four to obtain four organic EL elements.
- the organic EL device that does not have the scattering layer and the light extraction auxiliary layer is referred to as Sample 1
- the organic EL device that has the scattering layer but does not have the light extraction auxiliary layer is referred to as Sample 2.
- the organic EL element having a layer is referred to as Sample 3.
- assistant layer, but does not have a scattering layer was not used for subsequent evaluation.
- Example 1 Evaluation of optical properties of each sample
- the apparatus used and the measurement conditions are the same as in Example 1.
- FIG. 21 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the organic EL element 2000 in Sample 1.
- the organic EL element 2000 includes a soda lime substrate 2010, a first electrode 2040, an organic light emitting layer 2050, and a second electrode 2060.
- the organic light emitting layer 2050 includes a hole transport layer 2051, a light emitting layer 2053, and a layer 2056 composed of an electron transport layer and an electron injection layer.
- FIG. 21 shows main light beams emitted in a direction perpendicular to the soda lime substrate 2010.
- the light beam 1 corresponds to the path of light that is emitted from the light emitting layer 2053 to the soda lime substrate 2010 and is directly reflected to the atmosphere without being reflected at any interface.
- the light 2 is emitted from the light-emitting layer 2053 to the second electrode 2060 side, reflected by the second electrode 2060, and then passes through the first electrode 2040 and the soda lime substrate 2010 to the atmosphere.
- the light beam 3 is reflected at the interface between the first electrode 2040 and the soda lime substrate 2010 after the light from the light emitting layer 2053 is emitted to the soda lime substrate 2010 side, and then further reflected by the second electrode 2060. This corresponds to the path of light that passes through the first electrode 2040 and the soda lime substrate 2010 and is finally emitted to the atmosphere side.
- the light reflectance at the interface increases when the refractive index difference between the substances forming the interface is large. Since the material forming the first electrode 2040 such as ITO generally has a high refractive index of around 2.0, the refractive index difference between the soda lime substrate 2010 and the soda lime substrate 2010 increases. The reflected light contributes to interference. Although reflection at other interfaces may also occur, the difference in refractive index between substances forming such an interface is often small and is not considered here.
- the film thickness of the layer 2056 between the light emitting layer 2053 and the second electrode 2060 can be adjusted so that the phases of the light beam 1 and the light beam 2 are matched. It is valid. Thereby, the ratio of the light emitted in the direction perpendicular to the soda lime substrate 2010 can be increased, and the light extraction efficiency can be improved.
- FIG. 22 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the organic EL element 2100 in Sample 2.
- the organic EL element 2100 includes a soda lime substrate 2110, a scattering layer 2120, a first electrode 2140, an organic light emitting layer 2150, and a second electrode 2160.
- the organic light emitting layer 2150 includes a hole transport layer 2151, a light emitting layer 2153, and a layer 2156 composed of an electron transport layer and an electron injection layer.
- FIG. 22 shows main light rays emitted in a direction perpendicular to the soda lime substrate 2110.
- the light beam 1 and the light beam 2 exhibit the same behavior as in the case of FIG.
- the light beam 3 is less likely to contribute to interference.
- the scattering layer 2120 has a high refractive index, which is close to the refractive index of the first electrode 2140.
- the reflectance of light is reduced and the amount of light is reduced, so that the influence of the light beam 3 on the interference is reduced.
- FIG. 23 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the organic EL element 2200 in Sample 3.
- the organic EL element 2200 includes a soda lime substrate 2210, a scattering layer 2220, a light extraction auxiliary layer 2230, a first electrode 2240, an organic light emitting layer 2250, and a second electrode 2260.
- the organic light emitting layer 2250 includes a hole transport layer 2251, a light emitting layer 2253, and a layer 2256 composed of an electron transport layer and an electron injection layer.
- FIG. 23 shows main light rays emitted in a direction perpendicular to the soda lime substrate 2210.
- the refractive index of the light extraction auxiliary layer 2230 can be set higher than the refractive index of the scattering layer 2220 or the first electrode 2240, and thus the first electrode 2240 and the light extraction auxiliary layer 2230 can be set. It is possible to increase the reflectance at the interface between the light extraction assisting layer 2230 and the scattering layer 2220.
- the optimum film thickness of the hole transport layer 2251 in the configuration of Sample 3 is 90 nm from Table 6 described above. However, in the case of sample 1, this value is one of the values that cause the worst light extraction efficiency.
- the reflection of the light indicated by the light beam 3 in FIG. 21 at the interface between the first electrode 2040 and the soda lime substrate 2010 is a reflection in which the light is incident on a small substance from a substance having a large refractive index.
- the phase is shifted by ⁇ (180 °).
- the refractive index of the light extraction auxiliary layer 2230 is larger than the refractive indexes of the first electrode 2240 and the scattering layer 2220. For this reason, for example, in the light ray 3 in FIG. 23, the reflection at the interface between the first electrode 2240 and the light extraction auxiliary layer 2230 is a reflection that enters a substance having a relatively low refractive index from a substance having a relatively low refractive index. Does not occur.
- the thickness of the hole transport layer 2051 may be changed so that the phase is shifted by ⁇ . .
- the thickness of the changed hole transport layer 2051 is d1
- the refractive index is n1
- the method of expressing such a phase difference is not limited to changing the film thickness of the hole transport layer.
- the film thickness of the first electrode may be changed.
- the first electrode may be made thick so that the phase of the light beam 3 is adapted to the light beam 1 and the light beam 2.
- the film thicknesses of both the first electrode and the hole transport layer may be changed simultaneously.
- a hole injection layer may be disposed on the first electrode, but the same argument can be made even when a hole injection layer is present. That is, the phase of the light beam 3 can be adjusted to the phase of the light beam 1 and the light beam 2 by appropriately changing the thicknesses of the first electrode, the hole injection layer, and the hole transport layer.
- the reflection at the interface between the light extraction assisting layer 2230 and the scattering layer 2220 is a reflection incident from a substance having a relatively high refractive index to a substance having a low relative refractive index.
- the thickness is d2
- the present invention can be applied to an organic EL element used for a light emitting device or the like.
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Abstract
Description
前記透明基板と透明電極の間には、ガラスからなるベース材と該ベース材中に分散された散乱物質とを有する散乱層が設置され、前記散乱層と前記透明電極の間には、光取り出し補助層が設置され、前記光取り出し補助層は、ガラスを除く他の無機材料で構成されることを特徴とする透光性基板が提供される。
有機EL素子の製造方法を提供される。
透明基板110は、可視光に対する透過率が高い材料で構成される。透明基板110は、例えば、ガラス基板またはプラスチック基板等でも良い。
散乱層120は、ベース材121と、該ベース材121中に分散された散乱物質124とを有する。ベース材121は、第1の屈折率を有し、上記散乱物質124は、ベース材とは異なる第2の屈折率を有する。
光取り出し補助層130は、ガラス以外の無機材料で構成される。
第1の電極140には、有機発光層150で生じた光を外部に取り出すため、80%以上の透光性が要求される。また、多くの正孔を注入するため、仕事関数が高いことが要求される。
有機発光層150は、発光機能を有する層であり、通常の場合、ホール注入層と、ホール輸送層と、発光層と、電子輸送層と、電子注入層とにより構成される。ただし、有機発光層150は、発光層を有していれば、必ずしも他の層の全てを有しなくて良い。なお、通常の場合、有機発光層150の屈折率は、1.7~1.8の範囲である。
発光層は、注入された電子とホールが再結合する場を提供する役割を有する。有機発光材料としては、低分子系または高分子系のものが使用されても良い。
電子輸送層は、電極から注入された電子を輸送する役割をする。電子輸送層には、例えば、キノリノールアルミニウム錯体(Alq3)、オキサジアゾール誘導体(例えば、2,5-ビス(1-ナフチル)-1,3,4-オキサジアゾール(END)、および2-(4-t-ブチルフェニル) -5-(4-ビフェニル))-1,3,4-オキサジアゾール(PBD)など)、トリアゾール誘導体、バソフェナントロリン誘導体、およびシロール誘導体などでも良い。
電子注入層は、例えば、第2の電極160との界面に、リチウム(Li)、セシウム(Cs)等のアルカリ金属をドープした層を設けることにより構成されても良い。
第2の電極160には、仕事関数の小さな金属またはその合金が用いられる。第2の電極160は、例えば、アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、および周期表第3属の金属などであっても良い。第2の電極160は、例えば、アルミニウム(Al)、マグネシウム(Mg)、またはこれらの合金などが用いられても良い。
次に、図2を参照して、本発明による有機EL素子の製造方法の一例について説明する。図2には、本発明による有機EL素子を製造する際の概略的なフロー図を示す。
まず、透明基板が準備される。前述のように、透明基板には、ガラス基板やプラスチック基板などであって良い。
まず、ガラス粉末、樹脂、および溶剤等を含むフリットペーストが調製される。
次に、前述の方法で調製したフリットペーストを、透明基板上に塗布し、パターン化する。塗布の方法およびパターン化の方法は、特に限られない。例えば、スクリーン印刷機を用いて、透明基板上にフリットペーストをパターン印刷しても良い。あるいは、ドクターブレード印刷法またはダイコート印刷法を利用しても良い。
次に、フリットペースト膜が焼成される。通常、焼成は、2段階のステップで行われる。第1のステップでは、フリットペースト膜中の樹脂が分解、消失され、第2のステップでは、ガラス粉末が焼結、軟化される。
次に、前記工程で得られた散乱層上に、光取り出し補助層が設置される。光取り出し補助層の設置方法は、特に限られず、例えば、スパッタ法、蒸着法、および気相成膜法等の成膜法を利用しても良い。また、光取り出し補助層は、パターン化しても良い。
次に、前記工程で得られた光取り出し補助層上に、第1の電極(陽極)が設置される。
有機EL素子を製造する場合は、次に、第1の電極を覆うように、有機発光層が設置される。有機発光層の設置方法は、特に限られず、例えば、蒸着法および/または塗布法を使用しても良い。
次に、有機発光層上に第2の電極が設置される。第2の電極の設置方法は、特に限られず、例えば、蒸着法、スパッタ法、気相成膜法等を使用しても良い。
以下の方法により、複数の有機EL素子を作製した。
透明基板として、縦50mm×横50mm×厚さ0.55mmのソーダライム基板を準備した。
次に、前述の方法で形成した散乱層基板の上に、以下の方法で、光取り出し補助層および第1の電極を形成した。
次に、前述の方法で作製した透光性基板を用いて、有機EL素子を作製した。
実施例1と同様の方法により、(1)ソーダライム基板310上に散乱層320、光取り出し補助層330、ITO層350、有機発光層、およびAl層が設置された有機EL素子(サンプルB1と称する)と、(2)ソーダライム基板310上に、光取り出し補助層330、ITO層350、有機発光層、およびAl層が設置された有機EL素子(サンプルB2と称する)と、(3)ソーダライム基板310上に、ITO層350、有機発光層、およびAl層が設置された有機EL素子(サンプルB3と称する)と、(4)ソーダライム基板310上に散乱層320、ITO層350、有機発光層、およびAl層が設置された有機EL素子(サンプルB4と称する)とを作製した。
次に、前述の各サンプルA1~A4、およびB1~B4を用いて、電流電圧特性等の光学特性評価を行った。
有機EL素子の構成において、光取り出し補助層が存在しない場合、第1の電極と散乱層の屈折率差が小さいため、第1の電極と散乱層界面での反射率は小さくなる。その結果、有機EL素子の、例えば第1の電極および/または有機発光層の膜厚を変化させても、有機EL素子内の干渉条件は、あまり変化しない。
次に、前述の計算結果により得られた、最適な光取り出し効率が得られる3種類の構造の有機EL素子を実際に作製して、その特性を評価した。
ガラス基板として、縦50mm×横50mm×厚さ0.55mmのソーダライム基板を準備した。
次に、前述の方法で形成した散乱層基板上に、以下の方法で、光取り出し補助層を形成した。
次に、以下の方法により、光取り出し補助層基板上に、第1の電極(ITO電極)を形成した。
以上の工程を経て得られたITO層を有する光取り出し補助層基板に、有機発光層および第2の電極を形成して、構成の異なる4つの有機EL素子を作製した。
実施例1と同様に、各サンプル1~3の光学特性を評価した。使用装置および測定条件は、実施例1の場合と同様である。
d1/(λ/n1)=±0.5±I(Iは0以上の整数)
を満たすようにすれば良い。
d2/(λ/n2)=±0.5±I(Iは0以上の整数)
を満たすようにすれば良い。
110 透明基板
120 散乱層
121 ベース材
124 散乱物質
130 光取り出し補助層
140 第1の電極(陽極)
150 有機発光層
160 第2の電極(陰極)
170 光取り出し面
310 ソーダライム基板
320 散乱層
330 光取り出し補助層
350 ITO層
360 α-NPDとAlq3の層
370 LiFとAlの層
390 領域
410 光取り出し補助層基板
700 透光性基板
1000 測定装置
1010 輝度計
1020 サンプル
1500 有機EL素子
1510 ガラス基板
1540 第1の電極
1550 有機発光層
1551 ホール輸送層
1553 発光層
1555 電子輸送層
1557 電子注入層
1560 第2の電極
1600 有機EL素子
1620 散乱層マトリックスガラス
1640 第1の電極
1650 有機発光層
1651 ホール輸送層
1653 発光層
1655 電子輸送層
1657 電子注入層
1660 第2の電極
1700 有機EL素子
1720 散乱層マトリックスガラス
1730 光取り出し補助層
1740 第1の電極
1750 有機発光層
1751 ホール輸送層
1753 発光層
1755 電子輸送層
1757 電子注入層
1760 第2の電極
2000、2100、2200 有機EL素子
2010、2110、2210 ソーダライム基板
2120、2220 散乱層
2230 光取り出し補助層
2040、2140、2240 第1の電極
2050、2150、2250 有機発光層
2051、2151、2251 ホール輸送層
2053、2153、2253 発光層
2056、2156、2256 電子輸送層と電子注入層からなる層
2060、2160、2260 第2の電極
Claims (12)
- 透明基板と、第1の電極と、該第1の電極上に形成された有機発光層と、該有機発光層上に形成された第2の電極とを有する有機EL素子であって、
前記透明基板上には、ガラスからなるベース材と該ベース材中に分散された散乱物質とを有する散乱層が設置され、
前記散乱層と前記第1の電極の間には、光取り出し補助層が設置され、
前記光取り出し補助層は、ガラスを除く他の無機材料で構成されることを特徴とする有機EL素子。 - 前記光取り出し補助層は、波長430nm~650nmの範囲で、2.2以上の屈折率を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機EL素子。
- 前記光取り出し補助層は、チタン系窒化物、チタン系酸化物、およびチタン系酸窒化物からなる群から選定された材料で構成されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機EL素子。
- 前記光取り出し補助層は、TiZrxOyまたはTiO2で構成されることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の有機EL素子。
- 前記光取り出し補助層は、厚さが50nm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機EL素子。
- 透明基板および透明電極を有する透光性基板であって、
前記透明基板と透明電極の間には、ガラスからなるベース材と該ベース材中に分散された散乱物質とを有する散乱層が設置され、
前記散乱層と前記透明電極の間には、光取り出し補助層が設置され、
前記光取り出し補助層は、ガラスを除く他の無機材料で構成されることを特徴とする透光性基板。 - 前記光取り出し補助層は、波長430nm~650nmの範囲で、2.2以上の屈折率を有することを特徴とする請求項6に記載の透光性基板。
- 透明基板上に散乱層を形成し、
前記散乱層上に光取り出し補助層を設置し、
前記光取り出し補助層上に、第1の電極を設置し、
前記第1の電極上に、有機発光層を設置し、
前記有機発光層上に、第2の電極を設置することを特徴とする
有機EL素子の製造方法。 - 前記光取り出し補助層は、波長430nm~650nmの範囲で、2.2以上の屈折率を有するよう設置されることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の有機EL素子の製造方法。
- 前記光取り出し補助層は、チタン系窒化物、チタン系酸化物、およびチタン系酸窒化物からなる群から選定された材料で構成されるよう設置されることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の有機EL素子の製造方法。
- 前記光取り出し補助層は、TiZrxOyまたはTiO2で構成されるよう設置されることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の有機EL素子の製造方法。
- 前記光取り出し補助層は、厚さが50nm以下となるよう設置されることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の有機EL素子の製造方法。
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JP2022534166A (ja) * | 2019-03-07 | 2022-07-28 | ビトロ フラット グラス エルエルシー | ホウケイ酸塩光取り出し領域 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2635091A4 (en) | 2015-06-10 |
EP2635091A1 (en) | 2013-09-04 |
TW201228067A (en) | 2012-07-01 |
JPWO2012057043A1 (ja) | 2014-05-12 |
CN103181240A (zh) | 2013-06-26 |
US20130187141A1 (en) | 2013-07-25 |
KR20130129924A (ko) | 2013-11-29 |
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