WO2012052425A1 - Produit à mâcher - Google Patents

Produit à mâcher Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012052425A1
WO2012052425A1 PCT/EP2011/068167 EP2011068167W WO2012052425A1 WO 2012052425 A1 WO2012052425 A1 WO 2012052425A1 EP 2011068167 W EP2011068167 W EP 2011068167W WO 2012052425 A1 WO2012052425 A1 WO 2012052425A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
chewable product
chewable
product
health promoting
product according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2011/068167
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Casper Lund
Kim Andkjaer Harrit
Lars HØEGH
Leif Emil Madsen
Jens Ingwersen
Original Assignee
Danisco A/S
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Danisco A/S filed Critical Danisco A/S
Publication of WO2012052425A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012052425A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/40—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for carnivorous animals, e.g. cats or dogs
    • A23K50/42—Dry feed
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/25—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by extrusion
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/20—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by moulding, e.g. making cakes or briquettes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to new health promoting chewable products for subjects including humans and animals, such as pets.
  • the invention further relates to new processes for the production of health promoting chewable products and well as methods for the treatment of a medical condition in subjects.
  • WO 00/13521 describes a chewable toy for a pet that has a protein based thermoplastic composition fashioned into the shape of a bone.
  • EP 0 552 897 discloses an edible animal chew product with a flexible cellular matrix containing cellulosic fibers e. g. 20 to 50% corn cobs and oral care additives.
  • WO/2002/078432 relates to a polymer composition having a continuous phase and a discontinuous phase, and which may find application in improving pet dental hygiene.
  • WO/2009/102935 related to a dental hygiene product that combats plaque and tartar formation, while also providing breath freshening for pets, namely dogs and cats.
  • WO/2004/034777 relates to multi-flavored dog chews, and specifically, filled chews which appeal to dogs and are long lasting.
  • the products have a size and/or shape that makes it unsuitable for easy swallowing or breaking into pieces that may be swallowed by the animal.
  • Another object of embodiments is to provide chewable products for consumption of a subject, which products have chew resistance that facilitate a slow and/or controlled release of one or more health promoting component contained within the product upon chewing of the product.
  • the chewable products needs to be in the oral cavity of the subject and be chewed for a minimum period of time in order to give the effective amount of the one or more health promoting component to the subject.
  • the chew resistance of the product needs to be at a level, wherein that the product is not broken into smaller pieces before an effective amount of the one or more health promoting component has been released from the product. This of course may vary dependent on the specific health promoting component and the subject being treated with the chew product.
  • a chewable product may be provided where the release rate of a health promoting component contained with the chewable product is controlled by the constituent components making up the matrix of the product.
  • the present invention relates to a chewable product of a three- dimensional body suitable for consumption by a subject, the product comprising a matrix of a first set of constituent components, and one or more health promoting component, the combination of components effecting a controlled release of the health promoting component when chewed by the subject.
  • the present invention relates to a method for the production of a chewable product of a three-dimensional body suitable for consumption by a subject, the product comprising a matrix of a first set of constituent components, and one or more health promoting component, the combination of components effecting a controlled release of the health promoting component when chewed by the subject, the method comprising a step of extrusion gelatinisation of said matrix.
  • the present invention relates to the use of a chewable product of a three- dimensional body, the product comprising a matrix of a first set of constituent components, and one or more health promoting component, the combination of components effecting a controlled release of the health promoting component when chewed, for consumption by a subject.
  • the present invention relates to chewable product of a three-dimensional body, the product comprising a matrix of a first set of constituent components, and one or more health promoting component, the combination of components effecting a controlled release of the health promoting component when chewed by the subject, said product being suitable for the treatment, prevention, or for alleviating the symptoms of a medical condition, which may be alleviated, cured or prevented by said health promoting component.
  • the present invention relates to a method for treating, preventing or for alleviating the symptoms of a medical condition, the method comprising administering an effective amounts of a chewable product of a three-dimensional body suitable, the product comprising a matrix of a first set of constituent components, and one or more health promoting component, the combination of components effecting a controlled release of the health promoting component when chewed by the subject.
  • the present invention relates to a chewable product of a three- dimensional body according to the invention contained within an airtight packaging, such as under vacuum or in an inert atmosphere.
  • the present invention relates to a kit comprising
  • a) or a chewable product of a three-dimensional body according to the invention such as a chewable product contained within an air- and/or smell-tight packaging, and
  • Fig. 1 illustrates an extrusion process for the preparation of a product according to the present invention, wherein an extruded outer product has a co-extrudate as a centre filling.
  • A) illustrates the Extruder;
  • B) illustrates the final co-extruded product seen at extruder outlet.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates an extrusion process for the preparation of a product according to the present invention, wherein there is an extruded inner product with co-extrudate as outside layer.
  • A) illustrates the Extruder; B) illustrates the final co-extruded product seen at extruder outlet.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates an extrusion process for the preparation of a product according to the present invention, wherein there is an extruded product with co-extrudate mixed randomly.
  • A) illustrates the extruder; B) illustrates the final co-extruded product seen at extruder outlet.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates a triple layer co-extrusion process for the preparation of a product according to the present invention, wherein the product has an extruded inner product with co- extrudate as outside layer and with 3rd component as centre filling.
  • A) illustrates the extruder;
  • B) illustrates the final co-extruded product seen at extruder outlet.
  • the product according to the present invention has such a proportion of ingredients that the force required to penetrate the product -"the penetration force"- is greater than the anticipated bite force exerted by a pet in a predetermined target group of pets during a normal biting event.
  • the required penetration force is, however, less than the maximum bite force typical of the said target pet group.
  • the anticipated bite force is defined to be that of an average pet in the predetermined target group.
  • One important aspect of the products of the present invention is to adjust the chew resistance of the product to the bite force exerted by the teeth and the biting behavior of the target animal. If the bite resistance is too high, then the teeth will not evenly penetrate the product and there will be little opportunity for the product release it active health promoting ingredients.
  • the bite resistance is too low then the subject will rapidly bite through the product and swallow the product. Thus, there will not be a slow controlled release of the active components in the mouth saliva. If the product contains active ingredients supposed to clean or promote the health of the teeth of the subject, if bite resistance is too low, too little pressure may be exerted against the tooth surface under the gums again leading to poor effect in critical areas.
  • controlled release refers to a slow and continuous release of a heath promoting component while the chewable product is being in contact with mouth saliva and chewed by the subject.
  • the release rate of the health promoting component is 10-100 times longer compared to existing products, such as any one product disclosed in WO2002078432.
  • the release rate of the health promoting component is 10-100 times longer in the product according to the present invention as compared to a product prepared without a HOX and/or GOX enzyme, such as in combination with a natural antioxidant like green tea or Rosemary extracts.
  • chew resistance refers to the force required to penetrate the chewable product without breaking in a standard assay, such as one described herein. In some embodiments the chew resistance is 15-60 time longer than existing products, such as any one product disclosed in WO2002078432 (what is chew resistance of existing products). "Chew resistance” may be measured in an assay as described in WO2002078432 with a system designed to simulate the biting action of an animals teeth, such as dog's teeth.
  • a TA- XT2I Texture Analyser (Stable Micro Systems Ltd, Vienna Court, Lammas Road, Godalming, Surrey GU7 1YL, UK) is equipped with a specially designed cylinder-shaped penetrometry probe of diameter 2 mm, that is pushed slowly into the product, descending at a rate of 0.5 mm/s until the it have reached a total depth of 8 mm. The maximum force required is then recorded.
  • the curve shape indicate that, beside the overall firmness of the product, there is information on the initial hardness of the product as well as information on the products elasticity. The elasticity is of importance for the products ability to resist breaking into smaller pieces. The more elastic the more tough the sample will appear.
  • the chew resistance may be varied with the size and strength of the subject, such as an animal receiving the chewable product. Accordingly, a big dog or a horse could require a chewable product with a higher chew resistance than what would be required for a smaller dog or a cat.
  • the present inventors have found that the specific texture of the body of a chewable product according to the present invention controls the release of health promoting ingredients and ensures that the uptake of the health promoting ingredients is optimal.
  • the chewable product according to the present invention is thus designed so the subject can not swallow it or parts of it before the product is downsized to at least 45%, 40%, 35%, 25%, 20%, 15 % or 10% of the original volume, i.e. the volume of the chewable product before it has been chewed upon.
  • the original volume of the chewable product is at least about 5 cm 3 , such as at least about 6 cm 3 , such as at least about 7 cm 3 , such as at least about 8 cm 3 , such as at least about 9 cm 3 , such as at least about 10 cm 3 , such as at least about 12 cm 3 , such as at least about 14 cm 3 , such as at least about 16 cm 3 , such as at least about 18 cm 3 , such as at least about 20 cm 3 , such as at least about 25 cm 3 , such as at least about 50 cm 3 , such as at least about 75 cm 3 , such as at least about 100 cm 3 , such as at least about 125 cm 3 , such as at least about 150 cm 3 , such as at least about 175 cm 3 , such as at least about 200 cm 3 .
  • the original volume of the chewable product is less than about 200 cm 3 , such as less than about 175 cm 3 , such as less than about 150 cm 3 , such as less than about 125 cm 3 , such as less than about 100 cm 3 , such as less than about 75 cm 3 , such as less than about 50 cm 3 , such as less than about 25 cm 3 , such as less than about 20 cm 3 , such as less than about 18 cm 3 , such as less than about 16 cm 3 , such as less than about 14 cm 3 , such as less than about 12 cm 3 , such as less than about 10 cm 3 , such as less than about 9 cm 3 , such as less than about 8 cm 3 , such as less than about 7 cm 3 , such as less than about 6 cm 3 , such as less than about 5 cm 3 .
  • the original volume of the chewable product may vary dependent on the subject for which the product is designed.
  • the volume of the product may increase in volume at the onset of consumption, e.g. through the action of the subject's saliva.
  • Chew resistance is a measure of the amount of pressure or force required to bite through a piece of food, and chew it into small pieces that can be swallowed easily. Foods with low resistance require very little chewing because they tend to dissolve easily in the mouth. Those with medium resistance are still relatively soft but require some chewing. Foods that create the most resistance require strong, sustained chewing. Many require a grinding motion of the teeth and chewing on one or both sides of the mouth.
  • Carbohydrate source The product according to the present invention may contain one or more carbohydrate source or any suitable specific combination thereof.
  • Carbohydrates and/or derivatives of carbohydrates used in the products according to the present invention includes polysaccharides; ungelatinized starches, starches and/or derivatives, tubular starch such as from potatoes, cassava or tapioca; inulin, polyfructans, polydextrans; all polymers of the naturally occurring hexose, pentose and heptose sugars and their derivatives, cellulose and polymers derived from cellulose, amino-polysaccharides such as chitin, chitosan and polymers derived from these substances, oligiosaccharides, polysaccharides of and derivatives of polysaccharides of microbial origin including those derived from fermentation, polyols including polyols of microbial origin, sugar alcohols, polymers of sugar alcohols, and carbohydrates derived as by-products of or that are the wastes from human food processing.
  • Suitable carbohydrate sources are derived from a grain such as corn, wheat, rice, barley, oats or from beans such as soy, or mixtures thereof and may be provided and used in the processes according to the present invention in the form of flour or a meal.
  • Protein source The product according to the present invention may contain one or more protein source or any suitable specific combination thereof.
  • Proteins and/or derivatives of proteins used according to the present invention includes glycoproteins, lipoproteins, phospho-proteins, tropocollagens, and derivatives/hydrolysates/complexes of tropocollagen; milk proteins and derivatives such as those present in the hydrophobic protein fraction of milk e.g. the caseinates; those polymers present in milk solids; milk solids and derivatives; proteins derived from eggs; proteins from or derived from meat and the wastes associated with slaughtering and meat processing; proteins derived as by-products of or the wastes from human food processing; polypeptides; plant proteins; proteins of microbial origin;
  • the protein source is derived from an animal. In other specific embodiments, the protein source is derived from a plant.
  • Plant based protein sources may be based on one or more ingredients selected from the group of rice, corn, oats, oat flour, wheat, wheat gluten, hydrolyzed wheat protein, wheat protein isolate, soy, hydrolyzed soy protein, soy protein isolate, potatoes, potato flour, or derivative thereof.
  • the first set of constituent components making the matrix of the product consist of components, such as protein components that are natural to the diet of the subject receiving the chew product.
  • the product according to the present invention may contain one or more humectant or any suitable specific combination thereof.
  • a "humectant” refers to any a hygroscopic substance that may be used in a foodstuff and that has the effect of keeping a foodstuff moist.
  • the humectant may be any suitable humectant, for example, glycerin, propolyne, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, polyhydric glycols such as glycerol and sorbitol, hydrogenated starch, hydrolysates and the like. Low levels of water may, however, be included, even if only to act as plasticizer.
  • Hydrocolloid source The product according to the present invention may contain one or more hydrocolloid source or any suitable specific combination thereof.
  • a "hydrocolloid” as used herein refers to any substance that microscopically may be dispersed in the form of colloid particles evenly throughout water. The water/hydrocolloid may be in different states, e.g., gel or liquid.
  • hydrocolloids include agar, hydrocolloid of seaweed extract like carrageenan or alginate, microcrystaline cellulose (MCC), xanthan such as xanthan gum, such as GRINDSTED ® Xanthan 200, pectin, guar, such as guar gum, and locust bean gum, gum arabic, cellulose derivatives as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), alginate and starch.
  • MCC microcrystaline cellulose
  • xanthan such as xanthan gum, such as GRINDSTED ® Xanthan 200
  • pectin guar
  • locust bean gum such as guar gum
  • gum arabic cellulose derivatives as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), alginate and starch.
  • CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
  • Suitable hydrocolloids may derived from natural sources. For example, agar and carrageenan are extracted from seaweed, gelatin is produced by hydrolysis of proteins of animals, such as bovine or pig and fish origins, and pectin is extracted from citrus peel and apple pomace.
  • the hydrocolloid may be used to influence both texture, viscosity, brittleness of the matrix of the products according to the invention, as well as chew resistance and teeth penetration force.
  • Sweetener The product according to the present invention may contain one or more sweetener or any suitable specific combination thereof.
  • Sweeteners used in the product according to the present invention include orally acceptable natural or artificial, nutritive or non-nutritive sweeteners.
  • Such sweeteners include polydextrose (such as Litesse ® or Litesse ® UltraTM), including polymer products of glucose prepared by the polycondensation of glucose, maltose, oligomers of glucose or starch hydrolyzates, dextrose, sucrose, maltose, dextrin, dried invert sugar, mannose, xylose, ribose, fructose, levulose, galactose, corn syrup
  • One or more sweeteners are optionally present in a total amount depending strongly on the particular sweetener(s) selected, but typically at levels of from 0.005% to 10.0 %, such as from 3.0 % to 6.0 %.
  • Emulsifier The product according to the present invention may contain one or more emulsifier or any suitable specific combination thereof. The products according to the present invention may contain an emulsifier.
  • emulsifier means a compound or
  • composition that comprises one or more molecules, compounds, or ingredients for emulsifying or stabilizing the product according to the present invention.
  • the emulsifier can also be defined using its hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance (HLB).
  • HLB hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance
  • Suitable emulsifiers or emulsifier mixtures have a HLB preferably lower than 8, preferably lower than 7.
  • Emulsifiers include monoglycerides, including saturated and unsaturated monoglycerides, diglycerides, phospholipids, lecithins, polyglycerol esters of fatty acids, propylene glycerol esters of fatty acids, polyglycerol polyricinoleates, stearoyl lactylates, sorbitan esters of fatty acids, derivatives of the foregoing, salts of the foregoing, particularly sodium and/or calcium salts, or any combinations the foregoing.
  • emulsifiers are mono- or di-glyceride esters of fatty acids, for example, esters of tartaric acid, acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, sorbic acid, or other edible, food-grade, or food-compatible acids, monoglyceride phosphates, and other derivatives or salts of mono- or diglycerides.
  • emulsifiers are long-chain alcohols, fatty acids, pegylated fatty acids, glycerol fatty acid esters, derivatives of mono- diglycerides, pegylated vegetable oils, sorbitan esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters, propylene glycol mono- or diesters, phosphatides, cerebrosides, gangliosides, cephalins, lipids, glycolipids, sulfatides, sugar esters, sugar ethers, sucrose esters, sterols, polyglycerol esters, myristic acid, oleic acid, lauric acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, PEG 1-4 stearate, PEG 2-4 oleate, PEG-4 dilaurate, PEG-4 dioleate, PEG-4 distearate, PEG-6 dioleate, PEG-6 distearate, PEG-8-dioleate, PEG-3-16 castor oil, PEG 5
  • DIMODAN ® Distilled Monoglycerides such as DIMODAN ® PH 100, PANODAN ® DATEM
  • GRINDSTED ® PGE or PGPR Polyglycerol Esters of Fatty Acids, Polyglycerol Polyricinoleate
  • GRINDSTED ® PGMS Propylene Glycerol Esters of Fatty Acids
  • GRINDSTED ® SMS or STS Spybitan Monostearate, Sorbitan Tristearate
  • one or more proteins with emulsifying properties may also be useful as emulsifiers, alone, or more preferably, in combination with any other emulsifier or combination thereof.
  • Presently preferred emulsifiers comprise saturated or unsaturated monoglycerides, lecithins, phospholipids, or any combination thereof.
  • the products according to the present invention may contain an one ore more attractant or palatability enhancer (tast enhancer) or any suitable specific combination thereof.
  • the term taste enhancer, attractant or palatability enhancer refers to any compound that enhances the palatability of dry and semi- dry pet foods.
  • Suitable taste enhancers includes inorganic pyrophosphates, including disodium pyrophosphate (U.S. Patent No. 5 186 964 published on February 16, 1993), trisodium pyrophosphate (U.S. Patent application No. 2004/0247741 published on December 9, 2004), tetrasodium or tetrapotassium
  • a taste enhancer may also be any compound disclosed in WO2007118876 or in WO2009095417 referred to herein as a palatability enhancer.
  • a suitable attractants may also include natural attractant having a flavour and an odour reminiscent of meat, such as chicken powder, liver powder, ham, turkey, beef and or fish, natural vegetable additives such as spinach or carrots.
  • Other suitable attractants include
  • Such a protein or fat or combination of such protein(s) and/or fat(s) can also be a taste enhancer according to the present invention.
  • the attractant comprises a mimetic property which induces a sensation mimicking the presence of such protein(s) and/or fat(s) in the composition.
  • the attractant may be a natural attractant or a synthetic attractant comprising both flavour and odour.
  • the attractant is preferably a natural attractant meaning that it contains or is made from components found in nature.
  • a natural attractant for example, may comprise an extract or may be a composition made from natural components such as reacted or unreacted amino acids and/or sugars. A skilled artisan can create such compositions e.g. relying on the principles of organic chemistry.
  • the attractant may be selected or designed to appeal to a particular species.
  • Exemplary attractants may comprise a flavour and odor reminiscent of a meat, such as beef, chicken, pork, lamb, turkey, fish, seafood, or another natural flavour and odour combination. It is preferable that the odour and flavour match the animal's natural sensory patterns rather than confusing the animal with scents and flavours not common to its natural diet. In some embodiments, the attractant providews a feel or a texture to the chewable product as well.
  • Exemplary attractants are available from commercial ingredient suppliers, flavour houses or manufacturers of reaction products known to those skilled in the art.
  • Exemplary attractants include proprietary attractants to Aquience Inc., PEI, Canada.
  • Two exemplary proprietary attractants are identified as Aquience attractant #2102 and Aquience attractant #2103.
  • Attractant #2102 is an aqueous-based attractant and attractant #2103 is a lipid-based attractant.
  • These particular attractants provide flavour and odor to the chewable product and also contribute to the mimetic property of the chewable product wherein a response is elicited in the animal to convince the animal that they are consuming ingredients, such as food ingredients, that are not actually present.
  • the attractant may be present in the composition in any suitable amount wherein
  • the attractant Exemplary amounts are from about 0.01% to about 10%, preferably about 0.01% to about 5.0%, preferable from about 0.01 % to about 1.0%, more preferably about 0.05% to about 0.25%, of the final composition
  • the attractant may be provided in any suitable form, such as a liquid, powder or paste, which may be water soluble or oil soluble. Where an oil-soluble attractant is used, a relaxed suspension may be formed. Alternatively, an emulsifier could be added to aid dispersion using methods known to those skilled in the art.
  • the attractants combined with purified water and other bioactive ingredients, provide a synergistic effect previously unseen in companion animal products.
  • the product is designed to provide a cascade of benefits through the unique combinations of ingredients. These same benefits are not seen through the administration the bioactive ingredients individually since the increased intake of water enhances the benefits of the composition. The same benefits are not seen through administering the bioactive ingredients in potable water or water without the attractant, since the animals will not consume sufficient quantities of the water, and increasing the amount of the ingredients in regular water to account for the decreased water intake would render the water less palatable and more difficult to manufacture due to solubility issues and the like.
  • Active ingredient/health promoting component
  • active ingredient or "health promoting agent” refers to any compound that in some way promotes, increases or sustain the health of the subject chewing or eating the product according to the present invention. It is to be understood that the product according to the present invention may contain one or more active ingredient/health promoting component independently selected from the following non-limiting list consisting of probiotics, enzymes, antioxidants, antimicrobials, fibres, minerals, vitamins, salts, oils, sterols, and pharmaceuticals.
  • the active ingredient or health promoting component is referred to as the co-extrudate.
  • Probiotics The product according to the present invention may contain one or more probiotics or any suitable specific combination thereof.
  • probiotics refers to any live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the subject receiving the probiotic.
  • Probiotics include lactic acid bacteria, such as cultures of Lactobacillales including Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus,
  • Lactococcus, and Streptococcus as well as Aerococcus, Carnobacterium, Enterococcus, Oenococcus, Sporolactobacillus, Teragenococcus, Vagococcus, and Weisella.
  • Probiotics also include bifidobacteria, certain yeasts and other bacilli that may also be helpful.
  • Probiotics that may be used in the products according to the present invention may be the ones that are commonly used as part of fermented foods with specially added active live cultures; such as yogurt, soy yogurt, or dietary supplements. Lactic acid bacterial cultures are digestive aids and regulates bowel function, creates a gut environment supporting a healthy life.
  • the product according to the present invention may contain one or more enzyme , such as an exogenous enzyme or any suitable specific combination thereof. Any enzymes may be added to the products depending on the subject, the condition being treated and the set of constituent components of the matrix and may be selected from a wide range of enzymes including an oxidoreductase, such as an hexose oxidase (HOX) (EC 1.1.3.5).
  • an oxidoreductase such as an hexose oxidase (HOX) (EC 1.1.3.5).
  • Suitable oxidoreductase like hexose oxidase may be obtained by isolating the enzyme from several red algal species including but not limited to Iridophycus flaccidum (Bean and Hassid, 1956) and Chondrus crispus (Sullivan et al. 1973).
  • HOX is obtained or prepared as described in WO 01/38544.
  • HOX is available from Danisco A/S as DairyHOXTM. The use of HOX may promote clean teeth of the subject.
  • the product according to the present invention may contain one or more antioxidant or any suitable specific combination thereof.
  • Antioxidants include natural antioxdants including extracts from green tea and, rosemary, and tocopherol. Such antioxidants are available from Danisco GUARDIANTM Tocopherol, GUARDIANTM Rosemary Extract, GUARDIANTM Green Tea Extract. It is to be understood that the antioxidant helps to fight free radicals, support healthy immune system.
  • Antimicrobial The product according to the present invention may contain one or more antimicrobial or any suitable specific combination thereof. Suitable antimicrobials includes triclosan, chlorohexidine, miconazole, nystatin, triclosan, essential oils such as methyl salicylate, menthol, eucaplytol, and thymol.
  • the product according to the present invention may contain one or more fibre source or any suitable specific combination thereof.
  • the terms "fibres" or “fibers” as used herein include fibers derived from animal tissue, such as fibrous proteins derived from the skin, muscles, intestines, etc. of animals, for example, from tendons, animal hides such as cowhide, rawhide, etc. Included within the definition are collagen and other fibrous proteins such as elastin, reticulin, cellulosic materials, such as cellulosic fibers. Other protein fibers may be derived from soy protein, egg white, wheat gluten, etc. The fibrous form of these proteins are spun into continuous aligned filaments to yield food forms which simulate the fiber of natural beef.
  • the product according to the present invention may contain one or more further component, such as a salt, mineral, remineralising agent, vitamin or any combination thereof.
  • Salts, minerals, remineralising agents and vitamins includes pH adjusting agents such as one or more salts with a buffering capacity such as sodium bicarbonate, compounds that can provide fluoride, calcium or potassium ions such as calcium fluoride, sodium fluoride, sodium chloride dicalcium phosphate, calcium pantothenate, calcium proprionate, calcium carbonate, potassium chloride, choline chloride, taurine, zinc oxide, copper sulphate, ferrous sulphate and osteopontin which is a complex of calcium phosphate nanoclusters and casein phophoprotein : It is to be understood that minerals and remineralization agents may revere tooth enamel demineralization promoting strong teeth in the subject.
  • Suitable examples of one or more vitamins include vitamin A, Bl , B12, C, D, D3, E, K, riboflavin, niacin, biotin, thiamin mononitrate, folic acid, pyroxidine hydrochloride, calcium iodate and the menadione sodium bisulphite complex (a source of vitamin K activity).
  • Oils The product according to the present invention may contain one or more oil or any suitable specific combination thereof.
  • Fatty acids play a vital role in the structure of cell membranes and helps to maintain healthy skin and coat, supports the immune system, and promotes proper growth and development of the nervous system.
  • Oils of fatty acids used in the present invention may be any suitable animal or vegetable oil or fat, such as an omega-3 oil.
  • Suitable sterols used in the products according to the invention includes any plant sterol (phytosterols). Phytosterols are known to block cholesterol absorption sites.
  • the product according to the present invention may contain one or more pharmaceutical or any suitable specific combination thereof.
  • Pharmaceuticals to be used according to the invention includes deworming agents, such as ivermectin, pain relief agents, such as ethylaminobenzoate diperodon hydrochloride, benzocaine, benzyl alcohol, anticaries agents, such as any source of fluoride ions including sodium fluoride, potassium fluoride, ammonium fluorosilicate, sodium fluorosilicate, sodium monofluorophosphate, and tin fluorides such as stannous fluoride.
  • Heat sensitive agent such as enzymes or probiotics.
  • the heat sensitive active ingredients may be incorporated into the center of the chewable product according to the invention in a co-extrusion process where the heat sensitive ingredients are not inactivated due to the temperature controlled die plate.
  • the in- and outlet temperature are controlled to preferred temperature of the center filling containing the health promoting component.
  • Suitable ranges for constituent components of the matrix of products according to the invention includes the products prepared according to table 1.
  • Table 1 Table 1 :
  • Carbohydrate such 35.3 35 70 50 70 as starch, such as (potato)+
  • Sweetener such as 4.0 2 20 2 10 polydextrose, such as
  • Humectant such as
  • Salt such as NaCI 1.0
  • Emulsifier such as 0.4 0.05 2 0.1 1
  • Hydrocolloid such as 0.1 0.05 2 0.05 1
  • Sweetener such as 10 2 20 5 15
  • Active ingredients 0 0 5 0.5 2 Other suitable ranges for constituent components of the matrix of products according to the invention includes the products prepared according to table 3.
  • the term "subject” includes any animal, such as mammals, for example, humans and pets including cats and dogs.
  • Animals as used herein includes pets such as dog, cat, reptile, rodent, including hamster, guinea pig, fancy mice, gerbil, chinchilla, plains viscacha, and fancy rat, domestic animals including horse, goat, sheep, cow, and pig.
  • the human subject is an infant, child, teenager, or adult.
  • weight % may or may not include some amount of water.
  • amount of protein weight % may be based on protein dry weight or alternatively protein with a small amount, such as less than 5% (w/w) of water. Accordingly, the final product may also contain a small amount of water.
  • the present invention relates to a chewable product of a three- dimensional body suitable for consumption by a subject, the product comprising a matrix of a first set of constituent components, and one or more health promoting component, the combination of components effecting a controlled release of the health promoting component when chewed by the subject.
  • the matrix comprises a protein source.
  • the protein source is derived from a vegetable or animal source or a mixture thereof.
  • the protein source is substantially animal derived. In some embodiments according to the invention, the protein source is substantially plant based. In some embodiments according to the invention, the plant based protein source is based on one or more ingredients selected from the group of rice, corn, oats, oat flour, wheat, wheat gluten, hydrolyzed wheat protein, wheat protein isolate, soy, hydrolyzed soy protein, soy protein isolate, potatoes, potato flour, or derivative thereof. In some embodiments according to the invention, the matrix consists of about 5 % to 30 % of proteins, such as about 6 % to 25 %, such as about 7 % to 20 %, such as about 8 % to 15%.
  • the matrix comprises a protein source in a concentration within a range of about 5-30 % (w/w), such as within a range of about 5-25 % (w/w), such as within a range of about 5-20 % (w/w), such as within a range of about 5-15 % (w/w), such as within a range of about 10-30 % (w/w), such as within a range of about 15-30 % (w/w), such as within a range of about 20-30 % (w/w).
  • w/w protein source in a concentration within a range of about 5-30 % (w/w), such as within a range of about 5-25 % (w/w), such as within a range of about 5-20 % (w/w), such as within a range of about 5-15 % (w/w), such as within a range of about 10-30 % (w/w), such as within a range of about 15-30 % (w/w), such as within a range of about 20-30 % (w
  • the matrix comprises a carbohydrate source.
  • the carbohydrate source is derived from a grain such as corn, wheat, rice, barley, oats or soy, or a tubular starch such as potatoes, cassava or tapioca, or mixtures thereof,
  • the carbohydrate source is provided in the form of flour or a meal.
  • the matrix consists of about 50 % to 80 % of carbohydrates, such as about 60 % to 70 %.
  • the matrix comprises a carbohydrate source in a concentration within a range of about 20-80 % (w/w), such as within a range of about 30-80 % (w/w), such as within a range of about 40-80 % (w/w), such as within a range of about 50-80 % (w/w), such as within a range of about 60-80 % (w/w), such as within a range of about 70-80 % (w/w), such as within a range of about 20-70 % (w/w), such as within a range of about 20-60 % (w/w), such as within a range of about 20-50 % (w/w).
  • the matrix comprises a humectant. In some embodiments according to the invention, the matrix comprises a hydrocolloid source in an amount sufficient for reducing brittleness of the matrix. In some embodiments according to the invention, the hydrocolloids source is any suitable hydrocoolids, such as one selected from seaweed extracts like carrageenan or alginate, CMC, MCC, xanthan, pectin, guar, and logust bean gum.
  • the matrix consists of about 0.05 % to 10 %, such as about 0.05 % to 8 %, such as about 0.05 % to 6 %, such as about 0.05 % to 4 %, such as about 0.05 % to 2 %, such as about 0.05 % to 1 %, or such as about 1 % to 8 %, such as about 1 % to 6 %, such as about 2 % to 5 % of hydrocolloids.
  • the matrix comprises a sweetener, such as polydextrose source including polymer products of glucose prepared by the polycondensation of glucose, maltose, oligomers of glucose or starch hydrolyzates.
  • a sweetener such as polydextrose source including polymer products of glucose prepared by the polycondensation of glucose, maltose, oligomers of glucose or starch hydrolyzates.
  • the sweetener is part of the carbohydrate source.
  • the sweetener is selected from xylitol, and/or sorbitol for caries control.
  • the product consists of about 2 % to 20 %, such as about 4 % to 18 %, such as about 5 % to 16 %, such as about 5 % to 14 %, such as about 5 % to 12 %, such as about 5 % to 10 % of sweetener.
  • the product has texture of from about 3000 g to about 10000 g measured on a Texture analyser; such as from about 4000 g to about 6000 g.
  • the health promoting component is an antioxidant, such as green tea extract, rosemary, and tocopherol.
  • the health promoting component is an antimicrobial or the like.
  • the health promoting component is fibres.
  • the health promoting component is a probiotic, such as a culture of lactic acid bacteria.
  • the health promoting component is an enzyme, such as an oxidoreductase, such as an hexose oxidase (HOX) (EC 1.1.3.5) or glucose oxidase (GOX).
  • an oxidoreductase such as an hexose oxidase (HOX) (EC 1.1.3.5) or glucose oxidase (GOX).
  • the health promoting component is a mineral, such as calcium.
  • the health promoting component is an oil, such as an omega-3 oil defined earlier.
  • the health promoting component is a sterol.
  • the health promoting component is a pharmaceutical, such as a deworming agent.
  • the health promoting component is a heat sensitive agent, such as enzymes, probiotics, and/or pharmaceutical. In some embodiments according to the invention, the health promoting component is temperature tolerant.
  • the health promoting component is present in an amount of about 0,01 % to 5,0%.
  • the matrix comprises an emulsifier.
  • the matrix comprises an emulsifier in a concentration within a range of about 0.1-5 % (w/w), such as within a range of about 0.1-4 % (w/w), such as within a range of about 0.1-3 % (w/w), such as within a range of about 0.1-2 % (w/w), such as within a range of about 0.1-1 % (w/w), such as within a range of about 0.2-5 % (w/w), such as within a range of about 0.3-5 % (w/w), such as within a range of about 0.2-2 % (w/w).
  • the matrix comprises a taste
  • the matrix comprises a taste enhancer/attractant in a concentration within a range of about 0.1-5 % (w/w), such as within a range of about 0.1-4 % (w/w), such as within a range of about 0.1-3 % (w/w), such as within a range of about 0.1-2 % (w/w), such as within a range of about 0.1-1 % (w/w), such as within a range of about 0.2-5 % (w/w), such as within a range of about 0.3-5 % (w/w), such as within a range of about 0.2-2 % (w/w).
  • a taste enhancer/attractant in a concentration within a range of about 0.1-5 % (w/w), such as within a range of about 0.1-4 % (w/w), such as within a range of about 0.1-3 % (w/w), such as within a range of about 0.1-2 % (w/w), such as within a range of about 0.1-1 % (w/w), such
  • the health promoting component is incorporated within said matrix, such as a center filling of said matrix or mixed within said matrix.
  • the health promoting component is coated on the surface of said matrix.
  • the chewable product according to the invention is for a pet.
  • the product is in a dried form.
  • the product is formed as a bone, stick, heart, star, diamond or other geometric shape.
  • the initial size of the product makes it unsuitable for swallowing.
  • the product has chew resistance which is 15-60 times longer than existing products. In some embodiments according to the invention, the product has a release rate of said health promoting component which is 10-100 times longer compared to existing products.
  • the chew resistance and release profile is adjustable according to chew capacity of said subject and product components.
  • the invention further relates to the production of a chewable product of a three-dimensional body suitable for consumption by a subject, the product comprising a matrix of a first set of constituent components, and one or more health promoting component, the combination of components effecting a controlled release of the health promoting component when chewed by the subject, the method comprising a step of extrusion gelatinisation of said matrix.
  • extrusion cooking may also be refered to as extrusion cooking. It is to be understood that if the chewable product is produced in an extruder or the like, a post drying may not be required. Also the extruder may be any suitable single or twin screw extruder.
  • the product is produced by an extrusion gelatinisation process, wherein a dry feed mixture is prepared from the constituent components and then fed into a cooking extruder or preconditioner.
  • the product is produced by an extrusion gelatinisation process essentially as illustrated in any one of the figures 1, 2, 3, or 4. It is to be understood that the exact distribution of co-extrudate (such as active or health promoting component) may vary troughout the product and between different products. Accordingly, in figure 3B some pieces of co-extrudate may be in the outer surface of the product and som may by within the product and each piece of co-extrudate may have any shape.
  • the product is produced by an extrusion gelatinisation process, wherein water or steam, or both, is mixed into the dry feed mixture in the cooking extruder or preconditioner.
  • liquid flavour components, humectants may be mixed in the cooking extruder or preconditioner.
  • the product is produced by an extrusion gelatinisation process, wherein moistered feed leaving the cooking extruder or preconditioner is fed into a forming extruder.
  • the product is produced by an extrusion gelatinisation process, wherein the matrix, such as a matrix comprising a carbohydrate source, such as a starch, is gelatinised to about 80 % to 100 % gelatinisation, such as 95 % to 100 % gelatinisation.
  • the product is produced by an extrusion gelatinisation process, wherein the gelatinised mixture leaving the forming extruder is forced through a die. Any suitable die may be used.
  • the orifice of the die results in a extrudate with a shape with preferable a circular to a elliptical in cross-section and with a cross-section diameter preferable about 3 mm to 50 mm; such as for example 5 mm-20 mm.
  • the cross-section or profile of the extrudate may also have any other shape, such as circular, rounded, triangular, star shaped, square, organic, etc. Suitable shapes and how to obtain them by the use of suitable orifices are known in the art.
  • the product is produced by an extrusion gelatinisation process, wherein upon leaving the die, the extrudate is cut into pieces using a blade (such as for temperature tolerant active ingredients) or a crimper (for heat sensitive active ingredients).
  • Length of the extrudate is preferable about 10 mm - 250 mm; for example 100 mm - 200 mm
  • the product is produced by an extrusion gelatinisation process, wherein after leaving the die and cut into pieces, the pieces preferable has a moisture content corresponding to a water activity (a w ) about 0.60-0.95, such as 0.75- 0.85.
  • the product is produced by an extrusion gelatinisation process, wherein the center filling outlet temperature of the extrudate is in the range of about 20 to 100 °C, such as about 40 to 60 °C with a residence time preferable about 1 to 20 sec, such as about 2 to 5 sec.
  • the product is produced by an extrusion gelatinisation process, wherein the center filling extrudate comprising about 1 % to 10 %; for example about 3 % to 6 % and the heat sensitive ingredients, such as probiotics including bacterial cultures, enzymes, oils, and pharma products.
  • the center filling extrudate comprising about 1 % to 10 %; for example about 3 % to 6 % and the heat sensitive ingredients, such as probiotics including bacterial cultures, enzymes, oils, and pharma products.
  • the product is produced by an extrusion gelatinisation process, wherein the health promoting component is incorporated into said matrix in a step of mixing the active ingredients in a dry mixture of said first set of constituent components prior to the extrusion.
  • the product is produced by an extrusion gelatinisation process, wherein the health promoting component is coated on the surface of said matrix in a step of coating after extrusion.
  • one or more natural or artificial colours are added in order to provide a desired apearance of the product of the invention.
  • one or more natural or artificial fragrances are added in order to provide a desired smell and/or taste of the product of the invention.
  • the use of the product according to the present invention is for a pet food or snack.
  • the subject is a dog.
  • the use of the product according to the present invention is for human food or snack.
  • the product according to the present invention is contained within an air- and/or smell-tight packaging. It is to be understood that the ingredients of the chewable product may be sensitive to oxidation and/or may deliver to the surrounding an unpleasant smell to e.g. to humans. Accordingly, the product according to the present invention may be packaged within an inert atmospere or under vacuum or other means known in the art. In some embodiments, the packaging is adapted to minimize or avoid contact of the chewable product with one or more finger(s) or hand(s) of the user, thereby reducing or avoiding "smelly fingers” or “smelly hands” when opening and or handling the chewable product. In some embodiments, the packaging is bio-degradable.
  • the product according to the present invention is conserved, e.g, sterilized, e.g. by heat-treatment or radiation, such as gamma-radiation, or other means known in the art.
  • the above-mentioned packaging is adapted to said conservation and/or sterilizing methods.
  • the product according to the present invention such as sticks for e.g. dogs, are packaged individually or in series of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more.
  • a chewable product of a three-dimensional body suitable for consumption by a subject comprising a matrix of a first set of constituent components, and one or more health promoting component, the combination of components effecting a controlled release of the health promoting component when chewed by the subject.
  • said matrix comprises a carbohydrate source.
  • the carbohydrate source is derived from a grain such as starch from corn, wheat, rice, barley, oats or soy, or a tubular starch such as a starch derived from potatoes, cassava or tapioca, or mixtures thereof, 10.
  • the carbohydrate source is provided in the form of flour or a meal.
  • hydrocolloids source is any suitable hydrocoolids, such as one selected from seaweed extracts like carrageenan or alginate, CMC, MCC, xanthan, pectin, guar, logust bean gum, and any mixture thereof.
  • the matrix consists of about 0.05 % to 10 %, such as about 1 % to 8 %, such as about 1 % to 6 %, such as about 2 % to 5 % of hydrocolloids.
  • said matrix comprises a sweetener, such as polydextrose source including polymer products of glucose prepared by the polycondensation of glucose, maltose, oligomers of glucose or starch hydrolyzates, and any mixture thereof.
  • the chewable product according to any one of embodiments 1-39 which product has a release rate of said health promoting component which is 10-100 times longer compared to existing products.
  • the chewable product according to any one of embodiments 1-40 wherein the chew resistance and release profile is adjustable according to chew capacity of said subject and product components.
  • said matrix further comprising a taste enhancer/attractant.
  • Method for the production of a chewable product of a three-dimensional body suitable for consumption by a subject comprising a matrix of a first set of constituent components, and one or more health promoting component, the combination of components effecting a controlled release of the health promoting component when chewed by the subject, the method comprising a step of extrusion gelatinisation of said matrix.
  • said product is as defined in any one of embodiments 1-41.
  • the matrix such as a matrix comprising a carbohydrate source, such as a starch
  • the matrix is gelatinised to about 80 % to 100 % gelatinisation, such as 95 % to 100 % gelatinisation.
  • extrudate such as a heat sensitive ingredients, such as probiotics including bacterial cultures, enzymes, oils, and/or pharma products is about 1 % to 10 %, such as about 3 % to 6 % of the total volume of the product.
  • a chewable product of a three-dimensional body comprising a matrix of a first set of constituent components, and one or more health promoting component, the combination of components effecting a controlled release of the health promoting component when chewed, for consumption by a subject.
  • a chewable product of a three-dimensional body comprising a matrix of a first set of constituent components, and one or more health promoting component, the combination of components effecting a controlled release of the health promoting component when chewed by the subject; said product being suitable for the treatment, prevention, or alleviating the symptoms of a medical condition, which may be alleviated, cured or prevented by said health promoting component.
  • the chewable product contained within a packaging according to embodiment 61 wherein the packaging is adapted to minimize or avoid contact of the chewable product with one or more finger(s) or hand(s) of the user.
  • a kit comprising a) a chewable product contained within an air- and/or smell-tight packaging according to embodiment 61 or a chewable product of a three-dimensional body according to embodiments 1-43, and b) a package insert with information about the product.
  • extrusion process for extruded pet food treats.
  • Known companies providing extruders suitable for the preparation of the products according to the present invention includes: Clextral, Baker Perkins, Wenger, Coperion, and Buhler. 5 barrels of 250 mm mounted. Total length 1250 mm. Diameter of screws 55 mm, or alternatively the extruder has a L/D (length over diameter) around 22.
  • Example 3 Test of chewable products according to the invention.
  • Each member of a group of 12 beagle dogs is individually fed one of the products made according to one of the examples 1-2 above.
  • a second control group of 12 beagle dogs is fed with a commercial chewable product.
  • Each dog may be put through preliminary screening to check its feeding behavior, such as to group the dogs according to very fast chewers, moderate chewers and slow chewers.
  • Chew resistance is measured with a TA-XT2I Texture Analyser (Stable Micro Systems Ltd, Vienna Court, Lammas Road, Godalming, Surrey GU7 1YL, UK) is equipped with a specially designed cylinder-shaped penetrometry probe of diameter 2 mm, that is pushed slowly into the product, descending at a rate of 0.5 mm/s until the it have reached a total depth of 8 mm. The maximum force required is then recorded.
  • A, B and C are the test treats; D is a reference treat (Pedigree DENTAstixTM)
  • Digestibility will be assessed as presence or absence of visible particles in feces
  • Chewing time measured (stopwatch) as time (seconds) that the dog is actually chewing until the treat is fully swallowed.
  • Measurements were done on individual dogs, once a day, during four periods of three consecutive days each. Between the periods there may be an interval of 2-4 days.
  • Treat acceptance was assessed as the number of dogs touching/eating the treat within one minute on its first presentation. Acceptance of the four dog treats was similar. Treat stability was assessed as the rate of consuming the treat by the dogs. Reference treat D had the highest rate of consumption, the rate being 3-fold higher than that for treat B and about 4.3-fold higher than the rates for treats A and C. Treats A and C had the highest stability, followed by treat B. Reference treat D had lowest stability.
  • Treat digestibility was assessed by perceptible particles in the feces. The administration of the four treats did not induce the presence of particles in feces. The four treats were equally well digestible.

Abstract

La présente invention a trait à de nouveaux produits à mâcher bénéfiques pour la santé destinés à des sujets incluant les êtres humains et les animaux. La présente invention a en outre trait à de nouveaux processus permettant de produire des produits à mâcher bénéfiques pour la santé, ainsi qu'à des procédés permettant de traiter un état pathologique chez des sujets.
PCT/EP2011/068167 2010-10-18 2011-10-18 Produit à mâcher WO2012052425A1 (fr)

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WO2016058017A1 (fr) * 2014-10-14 2016-04-21 Adolf Rupp Herrnmühle Og Composition d'aliment pour animaux présentant deux composants
WO2016097167A1 (fr) * 2014-12-18 2016-06-23 Specialites Pet Food Procédé de production d'un aliment sec enrobé au goût agréable pour animaux de compagnie
US9661830B2 (en) 2012-04-17 2017-05-30 Big Heart Pet, Inc. Appetizing and dentally efficacious animal chews
CN108308400A (zh) * 2018-03-20 2018-07-24 安徽省新康饲料有限公司 一种功能性米茶饲料的制备方法
US11185080B2 (en) 2014-04-30 2021-11-30 Matoke Holdings Limited Antimicrobial compositions
US11478421B2 (en) 2017-07-26 2022-10-25 Tgx Soft Chew, Llc Starch-free soft chew for veterinary applications
US11730168B2 (en) 2017-10-16 2023-08-22 Matoke Holdings Limited Antimicrobial superabsorbent compositions

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US9661830B2 (en) 2012-04-17 2017-05-30 Big Heart Pet, Inc. Appetizing and dentally efficacious animal chews
US10631555B2 (en) 2012-04-17 2020-04-28 Big Heart Pet, Inc. Methods for making appetizing and dentally efficacious animal chews
US11185080B2 (en) 2014-04-30 2021-11-30 Matoke Holdings Limited Antimicrobial compositions
US11311017B2 (en) 2014-04-30 2022-04-26 Matoke Holdings Limited Antimicrobial compositions
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WO2016097167A1 (fr) * 2014-12-18 2016-06-23 Specialites Pet Food Procédé de production d'un aliment sec enrobé au goût agréable pour animaux de compagnie
US11478421B2 (en) 2017-07-26 2022-10-25 Tgx Soft Chew, Llc Starch-free soft chew for veterinary applications
US11730168B2 (en) 2017-10-16 2023-08-22 Matoke Holdings Limited Antimicrobial superabsorbent compositions
CN108308400A (zh) * 2018-03-20 2018-07-24 安徽省新康饲料有限公司 一种功能性米茶饲料的制备方法

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