WO2012043274A1 - ボイルオフガス再液化装置 - Google Patents
ボイルオフガス再液化装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012043274A1 WO2012043274A1 PCT/JP2011/071216 JP2011071216W WO2012043274A1 WO 2012043274 A1 WO2012043274 A1 WO 2012043274A1 JP 2011071216 W JP2011071216 W JP 2011071216W WO 2012043274 A1 WO2012043274 A1 WO 2012043274A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- boil
- refrigerant
- bog
- compressed
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 171
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 147
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 14
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000007634 remodeling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005549 size reduction Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 BOG as boiler fuel Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001141 propulsive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011555 saturated liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
- F25J1/0025—Boil-off gases "BOG" from storages
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
- B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
- B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
- B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
- B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
- C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
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- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
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- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
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- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
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- F25J1/0204—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow SCR cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J1/0208—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop, e.g. with deep flash recycle loop
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
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- F25J1/0229—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock
- F25J1/023—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock for the combustion as fuels, i.e. integration with the fuel gas system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
- F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
- F25J1/0265—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
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- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
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- F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
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- F25J1/0267—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer using flash gas as heat sink
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0298—Safety aspects and control of the refrigerant compression system, e.g. anti-surge control
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/03—Mixtures
- F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
- F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
- F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
- F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
- F17C2265/033—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling
- F17C2265/034—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling with condensing the gas phase
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
- F17C2270/0105—Ships
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
- F25J2210/04—Mixing or blending of fluids with the feed stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
- F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
- F25J2220/62—Separating low boiling components, e.g. He, H2, N2, Air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/08—Cold compressor, i.e. suction of the gas at cryogenic temperature and generally without afterstage-cooler
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/24—Multiple compressors or compressor stages in parallel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/30—Compression of the feed stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
- F25J2245/02—Recycle of a stream in general, e.g. a by-pass stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/34—Details about subcooling of liquids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a boil-off gas reliquefaction device.
- the boil-off gas reliquefaction device In the boil-off gas reliquefaction device, the boil-off gas is cooled by the cold heat of the refrigerant that changes its state along the refrigeration cycle and is liquefied by being condensed.
- a boil-off gas reliquefaction device installed in an LNG ship is required to have a compact structure so as to fit in a narrow space on the ship.
- the boil-off gas reliquefaction apparatus has been devised in various ways to improve the liquefaction efficiency.
- the boil-off gas supplied to the refrigeration cycle unit is supplied twice by two compressors. While improving the heat exchange efficiency with the refrigerant that is compressed and circulated through the refrigeration cycle, there is no doubt in coexistence with space saving in the entire apparatus.
- Main equipment related to cooling of the boil-off gas of the boil-off gas reliquefaction apparatus is generally arranged in the cargo equipment room at the center of the hull.
- the refrigerant compressor constituting the refrigeration cycle unit is a room temperature device and does not come into direct contact with the boil-off gas and requires a large amount of power. Is preferred.
- the intermediate cooler for cooling the compressed refrigerant is large and requires a large amount of cooled fresh water, it is preferable to arrange the intermediate cooler in the engine room where the cooled fresh water is produced.
- the refrigeration cycle section has a refrigerant compressor and an intermediate cooler associated therewith arranged in the engine room, and only the remaining part to be cooled is arranged in the cargo equipment room.
- the boil-off gas is cooled to near the condensation temperature before being supplied to the liquefaction section (condensing section) of the boil-off gas reliquefaction device.
- coolant in a refrigerating cycle part is used for this cooling, it is necessary to ensure the cold of a refrigerant
- the liquefaction efficiency of the refrigeration cycle section is reduced by the amount of increase in cold heat, and each device constituting the refrigeration cycle section is enlarged.
- the booster compressor further compresses the refrigerant compressed by the refrigerant compressor.
- the expander of the cold box is used.
- This intercooler must be placed close to the cold box. Since a large intercooler is installed near the cold box, it is difficult to place it in the cargo equipment room, which is a relatively small space. In particular, an existing LNG ship in service has only a limited space for a cargo equipment room, so it is impossible to remodel it with a boil-off gas reliquefaction device.
- the precooler and the condenser are made into the multiple heat exchange process of 3 or more, these designs are difficult and there exists a possibility that the reliability of a design may be insufficient.
- the present invention reduces the heat load of compressed gas pre-cooling to make a small and highly efficient refrigeration cycle unit, and devise the arrangement of the equipment, so that the boil-off gas re-installation that can be installed even in an existing LNG ship is achieved.
- An object is to provide a liquefaction apparatus.
- the present invention employs the following means. That is, the first aspect of the present invention is a gas supply having a gas supply line that supplies boil-off gas generated in a tank to a gas compression unit and a compressed gas conveyance line that conveys boil-off gas compressed by the gas compression unit. And the refrigerant cooled by the first intercooler after being compressed by the refrigerant compressor, are expanded to a lower temperature state by an expander, and the boil-off gas conveyed to the compressed gas conveyance line is cooled by the refrigerant.
- a boil-off gas reliquefaction apparatus comprising a condensing unit for condensing and condensing the gas supply unit, the boil-off gas passing through the compressed gas transport line upstream of the condensing unit. And a boil-off gas reliquefaction device provided with a heat exchanging section for exchanging heat between the boil-off gas passing through the gas supply line It is.
- the refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle unit is compressed by the refrigerant compression unit, cooled by the first intercooler that is an intermediate cooler, and then supplied to the expander.
- This refrigerant is brought into a low temperature state necessary for liquefaction of the boil-off gas by being expanded and reduced by an expander.
- the expander takes out the force when the refrigerant expands as a rotational force, and rotates the booster compressor via a directly connected shaft, for example.
- This refrigerant is returned to the booster compressor via the condenser.
- the boil-off gas generated in the tank supplied via the gas supply line is compressed by the gas compression unit, and is conveyed so as to pass through the condensation unit via the compressed gas conveyance line.
- a heat exchanging unit that performs heat exchange between the boil-off gas passing through the compressed gas conveying line and the boil-off gas passing through the gas supply line is provided on the upstream side of the condensing unit.
- the boil-off gas passing through the compressed gas transport line brought to a high temperature is cooled (pre-cooled) by the boil-off gas having a low temperature passing through the gas supply line and introduced into the condensing unit.
- the boil-off gas passing through the compressed gas conveyance line is cooled by the boil-off gas before being compressed by the gas compression unit, in other words, pre-cooled by the cold heat of the boil-off gas itself.
- the cooling heat of the boil-off gas passing through the compressed gas transfer line is not limited to the boil-off gas passing through the gas supply line, and other ones may be added.
- the boil-off gas introduced into the condensing unit for example, cooled to near the condensing temperature, is cooled and condensed by a low-temperature refrigerant passing through the condensing unit.
- the boil-off gas that has been compressed by the gas compression section and passed through the compressed gas transport line that has been brought to a high temperature state is cooled by the boil-off gas before being compressed by the gas compression section, in other words, by the cold heat of the boil-off gas itself. Since it is pre-cooled, the burden on the refrigeration cycle unit can be reduced by at least the amount of heat. Thereby, since each apparatus which comprises a refrigerating-cycle part can be made small, a boil off gas reliquefaction apparatus can be reduced in size.
- the refrigeration cycle unit includes a booster compressor that is driven by the expander and compresses the refrigerant downstream of the condensing unit, and is compressed by the booster compressor and supplied to the refrigerant compression unit. And a second intercooler for cooling the refrigerant.
- the refrigerant compressed by the booster compressor is further compressed by the refrigerant compression section and supplied to the expander, so that the refrigerant compressed by the booster compressor is cooled.
- the second intercooler is interposed between the refrigerant compressor and the booster compressor. Therefore, since the second intercooler can be disposed close to the refrigerant compression unit, for example, when the refrigerant compression unit is installed in the engine room, the second intercooler can also be installed in the engine room. . In this way, since the large second intercooler can be installed in a relatively large engine room, it is necessary to install a boil-off gas reliquefaction device even for an existing LNG ship with a narrow cargo equipment room. Can do. Also, since the fresh water supply system is installed in the engine room, if both the first and second intercoolers of the refrigeration cycle unit are installed in the engine room, their piping can be simplified, Cooling efficiency can be improved.
- a gas supply line having a gas supply line for supplying boil-off gas generated in the tank to the gas compression unit, and a compressed gas conveyance line for conveying the boil-off gas compressed by the gas compression unit;
- the refrigerant that has been compressed by the refrigerant compressor and then cooled by the first intercooler is expanded and depressurized by an expander to lower the temperature, and the boil-off gas that is conveyed through the compressed gas conveyance line is cooled by the refrigerant.
- a boil-off gas reliquefaction device comprising a condensing unit for condensing, wherein the refrigerating cycle unit is driven by the expander downstream of the condensing unit to compress the refrigerant.
- a booster compressor and a second compressor that cools the refrigerant that is compressed by the booster compressor and that is supplied to the refrigerant compressor.
- a BOG reliquefaction apparatus and intercooler are provided.
- the refrigeration cycle section it is compressed by a booster compressor and cooled by a second intercooler that is an intermediate cooler.
- This refrigerant is compressed by the refrigerant compressor, cooled by the first intercooler that is an intermediate cooler, and then supplied to the expander.
- This refrigerant is decompressed by an expander and expanded to a lower temperature state.
- the expander takes out the force when the refrigerant expands as a rotational force, and rotates the booster compressor via a directly connected shaft, for example.
- the refrigerant having a lower temperature is returned to the booster compressor via the condenser.
- the boil-off gas generated in the tank supplied via the gas supply line is compressed by the gas compression unit, and is conveyed so as to pass through the condensation unit via the compressed gas conveyance line.
- the refrigerant compressed by the booster compressor is further compressed by the refrigerant compression unit and supplied to the expander. Therefore, the refrigerant compressed by the booster compressor is cooled.
- the second intercooler is interposed between the refrigerant compressor and the booster compressor. Therefore, since the second intercooler can be disposed close to the refrigerant compression unit, for example, when the refrigerant compression unit is installed in the engine room, the second intercooler can also be installed in the engine room. . In this way, since the large second intercooler can be installed in a relatively large engine room, it is necessary to install a boil-off gas reliquefaction device even for an existing LNG ship with a narrow cargo equipment room. Can do. Also, since the fresh water supply system is installed in the engine room, if both the first and second intercoolers of the refrigeration cycle unit are installed in the engine room, their piping can be simplified, Cooling efficiency can be improved.
- a slow heat generator for spraying liquefied natural gas to cool the boil-off gas is provided on the upstream side of the heat exchange section of the gas supply line.
- boil-off passing through the gas supply line is performed.
- the temperature of the gas becomes relatively high, and the cooling heat in the heat exchange section is insufficient.
- the heat exchanger is provided by the heat sink. The boil-off gas supplied to can be cooled.
- the gas compression unit may be divided into two stages.
- the first-stage compression of the gas compression unit may be performed by a fuel compressor that supplies fuel to the boiler.
- the remodeling work can be greatly reduced.
- the compressor for fuel has a relatively large capacity
- the boil-off gas supplied to the compressor is warmed by the heat exchanging unit and its volume is increased, so that it can be used without exceeding the capacity. Therefore, since the existing fuel compressor can be used effectively with the existing LNG ship in service, the range of the remodeling work can be reduced and the remodeling can be performed at low cost.
- the boil-off gas that has been compressed by the gas compression section and passes through the compressed gas transport line that has been brought to a high temperature state is cooled by the boil-off gas before being compressed by the gas compression section. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the size of each device, and to downsize the boil-off gas reliquefaction device.
- the refrigerant compressed by the booster compressor is further compressed by the refrigerant compression section and supplied to the expander, so the second intercooler is arranged near the refrigerant compression section.
- the boil-off gas reliquefaction device can be installed even in an existing LNG ship in service with a narrow cargo equipment room.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an overall schematic configuration of a boil-off gas reliquefaction device 1 of an LNG ship.
- the LNG ship includes a plurality of cargo tanks (not shown) that store liquefied natural gas (hereinafter sometimes referred to as LNG).
- cargo tanks such as a moss-type tank having a substantially spherical shape.
- the boil-off gas reliquefaction apparatus 1 includes a refrigeration cycle unit 3 and a liquefaction processing unit (gas supply unit) 5.
- the refrigeration cycle unit 3 liquefies the cooling heat of the refrigerant circulated through the refrigerant pipe 7 (for example, nitrogen is used as the refrigerant. In addition, for example, hydrogen and helium are targets). 5 is supplied.
- the refrigeration cycle unit 3 mainly includes a refrigerant compressor (refrigerant compression unit) 9, a refrigerant precooler 11, an expander 13, a supercooler 15, a condenser (condensing unit) 17, and a booster compressor 19. It is provided as an element.
- the refrigerant pipe 7 is connected in the order of the refrigerant compressor 9, the refrigerant precooler 11, the expander 13, the supercooler 15, the condenser 17, the refrigerant precooler 11, and the booster compressor 19 to constitute a closed system.
- the refrigerant compressor 9 is a two-stage centrifugal compressor driven by the steam turbine 21.
- a motor drive having a compressor speed control function may be used in a ship without a driving steam facility (diesel propulsion ship or the like.
- the refrigerant compressor 9 is not limited to this type, and a suitable type such as a screw compressor can be used as long as it generates a differential pressure in the refrigerant pipe 7.
- the refrigerant compressor 9 sucks and compresses a low-temperature / low-pressure gaseous refrigerant to form a high-temperature / high-pressure gaseous refrigerant.
- the refrigerant compressor 9 has an intercooler 23.
- a first aftercooler (first intercooler) 25 is provided at the outlet of the refrigerant compressor 9.
- a pipe having a refrigerant buffer tank 27 is connected before and after the refrigerant compressor 9.
- the refrigerant precooler 11 cools the refrigerant introduced from the first aftercooler 25 by the refrigerant introduced from the condenser 17. Since the refrigerant precooler 11 exchanges heat only between the refrigerant and the refrigerant, the structure is simpler and easier to design than those of three or more multiple heat exchange processes. Thereby, the reliability of design can be improved.
- the expander 13 expands the refrigerant whose temperature has been lowered through the refrigerant precooler 11 by decompression to form a low-temperature and low-pressure gaseous refrigerant.
- the booster compressor 19 connected coaxially with the expander 13 is rotationally driven by using the force when the refrigerant expands as a rotational force.
- the low-temperature and low-pressure gaseous refrigerant from the expander 13 is sequentially sent to the supercooler 15, the condenser 17 and the refrigerant precooler 11 for heat exchange.
- the booster compressor 19 compresses the refrigerant introduced from the refrigerant precooler 11, changes the refrigerant to a high temperature and high pressure, and supplies the refrigerant to the refrigerant compressor 9.
- a second aftercooler (second intercooler) 29 is provided downstream of the booster compressor 19 and upstream of the refrigerant compressor.
- a bypass pipe 31 is provided that is connected and disconnected by opening and closing of a valve.
- the bypass pipe 31 is opened.
- the liquefaction processing unit 5 is compressed by a fuel compressor 33 by a BOG supply pipe (gas supply line) 35 for supplying boil-off gas (hereinafter referred to as BOG) generated in a cargo tank (not shown) to the fuel compressor 33.
- BOG boil-off gas
- a BOG transport pipe (compressed gas transport line) 39 for transporting the BOG to the separator 37 and a reliquefied gas pipe 41 for sending the reliquefied LNG from the separator 37 to the cargo tank are provided.
- the BOG supply pipe 35 is provided with a mist separator (slow heatr) 43 for cooling the BOG being conveyed.
- the mist separator 43 is configured so that liquefied LNG stored in the lower portion of the separator 37 is selectively supplied. When LNG is supplied from the separator 37 to the mist separator 43, the BOG is cooled by the LNG.
- the fuel compressor 33 is installed to supply fuel to the boiler. In the case of modification, it is installed. Two fuel compressors 33 having the same structure are arranged in parallel, and one of them is set as a spare in the event of a failure.
- the fuel compressor 33 is configured to be driven by a motor.
- the two fuel compressors 33 are provided with a free flow line 45 in which the fuel compressor 33 is not installed in parallel.
- the free flow line 45 is provided with an on-off valve 47 that opens and closes.
- a fuel pipe 49 for supplying natural gas as fuel to a boiler (not shown) is connected to the outlet of the fuel compressor 33 and the free flow line 45.
- the fuel pipe 49 is provided with a gas heater 51 for heating the natural gas compressed by the fuel compressor 33.
- LNG separately stored in a cargo tank may be gasified and supplied to the fuel compressor 33 and the free flow line 45.
- the BOG conveying pipe 39 conveys BOG from the fuel compressor 33 to the separator 37 through the condensing unit 17. At this time, the condenser 17 cools and condenses the BOG with the refrigerant passing through the refrigerant pipe 7. Since the condenser 17 exchanges heat only between the refrigerant and the BOG, it has a simple structure and is easy to design as compared with those of three or more multiple heat exchange processes. Thereby, the reliability of design can be improved.
- the BOG transfer piping 39 includes a BOG booster 53 that compresses the BOG, and a BOG aftercooler 55 that cools the BOG that has been compressed by the BOG booster 53 and is heated to, for example, fresh water.
- the BOG booster 53 boosts a 160 kPaa BOG to 450 kPaa, for example, and an appropriate type such as a direct-cooling screw compressor is used if possible.
- a precooler (heat exchanger) 57 is provided. Since the BOG precooler 57 exchanges heat only between the refrigerant and the BOG, the structure is simpler and easier to design than those of three or more multiple heat exchange processes. Thereby, the reliability of design can be improved. When the BOG passing through the BOG transfer pipe 39 is sufficiently cooled by the BOG precooler 57, the installation of the BOG aftercooler 55 may be omitted.
- the BOG supply pipe 35 is provided with a bypass pipe 59 that is connected / disconnected by opening / closing a valve that bypasses the BOG precooler 57.
- the BOG transported by the BOG transport pipe 39 is cooled and condensed by the refrigerant passing through the refrigerant pipe 7 in the condenser 17.
- the condensed BOG is introduced into the separator 37 and separated into a liquid component and a gas component.
- the reliquefied gas pipe 41 passes from the lower part of the separator 37 through the supercooler 15 and is connected to the cargo tank.
- the reliquefied gas pipe 41 is provided with a reliquefied gas flow rate adjustment valve 61 on the downstream side of the supercooler 15.
- a gas supply branch pipe 63 having a flow rate adjusting valve connected to the fuel pipe 49 from a position upstream of the mist separator 43 and the top of the separator 37 in the BOG supply pipe 35 is provided.
- the gas supply branch pipe 63 is configured to cool the refrigerant supplied from the refrigerant compressor 9 to the expander 13 through the refrigerant precooler 11.
- the expander 13, the refrigerant precooler 11, the condenser 17, the supercooler 15, and the BOG precooler 57 are housed in a compact in a cold box 65 having a heat insulating structure. Since the booster compressor 19 is rotationally driven by the expander 13, the booster compressor 19 is attached so as to protrude from the cold box 65.
- the refrigerant compressor 9, the refrigerant buffer tank 27, the steam turbine 21, the intercooler 23, the first aftercooler 25, the second aftercooler 29, and the fuel compressor 33 are arranged in an engine room where a boiler is installed, and are cold box 65.
- the separator 37 is installed in the cargo equipment room.
- the refrigerant compressor 9 is driven by the steam turbine 21, and the low-temperature and low-pressure gaseous refrigerant introduced from the refrigerant pipe 7 is compressed in two stages to obtain a high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant.
- the refrigerant is cooled by the intercooler 23 between the first-stage compression and the second-stage compression.
- This high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant is cooled by the first aftercooler 25 and introduced into the refrigerant precooler 11.
- the introduced gaseous refrigerant is cooled by the low-temperature and low-pressure gaseous refrigerant returning from the condenser 17.
- This refrigerant is introduced into the expander 13 and expanded by decompression to be a lower temperature / low pressure gaseous refrigerant.
- This low-temperature and low-pressure gaseous refrigerant passes through the supercooler 15 and the condenser 17 and cools it by giving the cold heat to the surroundings. Thereafter, the refrigerant is warmed by the refrigerant introduced into the expander 13 through the refrigerant precooler 11 and introduced into the booster compressor 19.
- the refrigerant is compressed by the booster compressor 19 into a high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant.
- This high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant is cooled by the second aftercooler 29 and sent to the refrigerant compressor 9.
- the refrigerant introduced into the refrigerant compressor 9 is further heated to a high temperature and high pressure by the refrigerant compressor 9 and sent out.
- the supercooler 15, the condenser 17, and the refrigerant precooler 11 through which the refrigerant pipe 7 passes provide cold heat.
- BOG generated in the cargo tank is supplied by the fuel compressor 33 through the mist separator 43 and the BOG precooler 57 by the BOG supply pipe 35.
- the mist separator 43 does not cool the BOG because LNG is not supplied during normal operation.
- the BOG supply piping 35 is passed.
- LNG reliquefied from the separator 37 is supplied to the mist separator 43, and the temperature of the BOG supplied to the BOG precooler 57 is reduced to a necessary temperature, for example, -120 ° C.
- the BOG introduced into the fuel compressor 33 is compressed to 160 kPaa by the fuel compressor 33, for example.
- the temperature of the BOG is approximately 55 ° C., for example.
- the BOG is boosted to, for example, 450 kPaa by the BOG booster 53.
- the temperature of the BOG is approximately 100 ° C., for example.
- This BOG is cooled to approximately 40 ° C. by the BOG aftercooler 55 and introduced into the BOG precooler 57.
- the BOG passing through the BOG supply pipe 35 is cooled to, for example, approximately ⁇ 110 ° C., that is, approximately saturated liquid state.
- the BOG passing through the BOG supply pipe 35 is heated from approximately ⁇ 120 ° C. to approximately 30 ° C., for example.
- this cooled BOG passes through the condenser 17, it is cooled and condensed by the low-temperature and low-pressure gaseous refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant pipe 7 of the refrigeration cycle section 3.
- the condensed BOG is sent to the separator 37.
- the separator 37 the condensed BOG is subjected to gas-liquid separation, and the reliquefied LNG liquid is stored in the lower part and the gas is stored in the upper part.
- the lower LNG is supercooled by the supercooler 15 through the reliquefied gas pipe 41 and returned to the cargo tank.
- the BOG is compressed twice by the fuel compressor 33 and the BOG booster 53 to a high pressure, so that heat exchange with the refrigeration cycle unit 3 can be performed efficiently. Thereby, size reduction of the refrigerating cycle part 3 can be achieved. Further, the BOG that has been compressed by the fuel compressor 33 and the BOG booster 53 and passed through the BOG conveyance pipe 39 that has been brought to a high temperature state is compressed by the fuel compressor 33 that passes through the BOG supply pipe 35 in the BOG precooler 57. Since it is cooled by the BOG, in other words, it is pre-cooled by the cold heat of BOG confidence, the burden on the refrigeration cycle unit 3 can be reduced by at least the amount of heat. Thereby, since each apparatus which comprises the refrigerating cycle part 3 can be made small, the boil off gas reliquefaction apparatus 1 can be reduced in size.
- the refrigerant compressed by the booster compressor 19 is further compressed by the refrigerant compressor 9 and supplied to the expander 13.
- the second aftercooler 29 to be cooled is interposed between the refrigerant compressor 9 and the booster compressor 19. Therefore, since the second aftercooler 29 can be disposed close to the refrigerant compressor 9, for example, when the refrigerant compressor 9 is installed in an engine room, the second aftercooler 29 can also be installed in the engine room. .
- the boil-off gas reliquefaction apparatus 1 should be installed even in an existing LNG ship that has a narrow cargo equipment room. Can do. Since the fresh water supply system is installed in the engine room, when the intercooler 23, the first aftercooler 25, and the second aftercooler 29 of the refrigeration cycle unit 3 are installed in the engine room, their piping is simplified. And cooling efficiency can be improved. Thus, the boil-off gas reliquefaction apparatus 1 can be made small and highly efficient, and the installation space can be reduced. Therefore, for example, when the boil-off gas reliquefaction apparatus 1 is installed in an LNG ship that uses existing natural gas such as BOG as boiler fuel, the remodeling work can be greatly reduced. Moreover, even when applied to a new shipbuilding, design changes can be easily made.
- the fuel compressor 33 has a relatively large capacity, but the BOG supplied thereto is warmed by the BOG precooler 57 and has increased in volume, so that it can be used without exceeding its capacity. . Therefore, since the existing fuel compressor 33 can be used effectively with the existing LNG ship in service, the range of the remodeling work can be reduced and the remodeling can be performed at low cost.
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Abstract
Description
このボイルガスを有効に使うため、ほとんどLNG船では、ボイルオフガスをボイラ、ガス焚き内燃機関等の燃料とすることによって推進力や船内電力の足しに利用している。
この損失を抑制するものとして余剰のボイルオフガスを再液化してカーゴタンクに戻すボイルオフガス再液化装置を備える天然ガス運搬船(LNG船)が就航している(たとえば、特許文献1参照)。
LNG船に設置されるボイルオフガス再液化装置では、船上の狭い空間に収まるようにするためコンパクトな構造であることが求められる。
また、ボイルオフガス再液化装置は液化効率を向上させる工夫が種々行われているが、特許文献1に示されるように、冷凍サイクル部へ供給されるボイルオフガスを二個の圧縮機によって2回にわたり圧縮し、冷凍サイクル部を循環する冷媒との熱交換効率を向上させながらも、装置全体での省スペース化との両立に余念がない。
特許文献1に示されるものでは、冷凍サイクル部は冷媒圧縮機およびこれに付随する中間冷却器は機関室に配置され、残りの冷却する部分のみを貨物機器室に配置している。これにより、たとえば、既存のボイルオフガス等の天然ガスをボイラの燃料として用いるLNG船に、ボイルオフガス再液化装置を設置する場合、改造工事を大幅に軽減することができるし、新造船に適用する場合でも、設計変更を容易に行うことができる。
さらに、特許文献1に示されるものでは、プレクーラおよび凝縮器が3以上の多重熱交換プロセスとされているので、これらの設計が難しく、設計の信頼性が不足する恐れがある。
すなわち、本発明の第1の態様は、ガス圧縮部にタンク内で発生したボイルオフガスを供給するガス供給ラインおよび該ガス圧縮部で圧縮されたボイルオフガスを搬送する圧縮ガス搬送ラインを有するガス供給部と、冷媒圧縮部で圧縮された後第一のインタークーラで冷却された冷媒を、エキスパンダによって膨張させ一層低温状態とし、この冷媒によって前記圧縮ガス搬送ラインに搬送される前記ボイルオフガスを冷却し凝縮させる凝縮部を有する冷凍サイクル部と、を備えているボイルオフガス再液化装置であって、前記ガス供給部には、前記凝縮部の上流側に、前記圧縮ガス搬送ラインを通る前記ボイルオフガスと前記ガス供給ラインを通る前記ボイルオフガスとの間で熱交換を行う熱交換部が備えられているボイルオフガス再液化装置である。
この冷媒は、エキスパンダによって膨張減圧されることによって、ボイルオフガスの液化に必要な低温状態とされる。エキスパンダは、この冷媒が膨張する時の力を回転力として取り出し、たとえば、直結された軸を介してブースタコンプレッサを回転させる。この冷媒は凝縮部を経由してブースタコンプレッサに戻される。
一方、ガス供給部では、ガス供給ラインを経由して供給されたタンク内で発生したボイルオフガスがガス圧縮部で圧縮され、圧縮ガス搬送ラインを経由して凝縮部を通るように搬送される。
圧縮ガス搬送ラインを通るボイルオフガスは、ガス圧縮部で圧縮される前のボイルオフガスによって冷却され、言い換えると、ボイルオフガス自身の冷熱で予冷される。なお、圧縮ガス搬送ラインを通るボイルオフガスの冷熱としては、ガス供給ラインを通るボイルオフガスに限定されるものではなく、それ以外のものを付加するようにしてもよい。
凝縮部に導入された、たとえば、凝縮温度近傍まで冷却されたボイルオフガスは、凝縮部を通る低温の冷媒によって冷却され、凝縮される。
これにより、冷凍サイクル部を構成する各機器を小さくできるので、ボイルオフガス再液化装置を小型化することができる。
したがって、第二のインタークーラは冷媒圧縮部に近くに配置することができるので、冷媒圧縮部が、たとえば、機関室に設置される場合、第二のインタークーラも機関室に設置することができる。このように、大型の第二のインタークーラを比較的広い機関室に設置できるので、たとえ、貨物機器室が狭い就航している既存のLNG船であってもボイルオフガス再液化装置を設置することができる。
また、清水の供給システムは機関室に設置されているので、冷凍サイクル部の第一のインタークーラおよび第二のインタークーラがともに機関室に設置されると、それらの配管が簡素化できるし、冷却効率を向上させることができる。
この冷媒は、エキスパンダによって減圧され、膨張させられることによって一層低温状態とされる。エキスパンダは、この冷媒が膨張する時の力を回転力として取り出し、たとえば、直結された軸を介してブースタコンプレッサを回転させる。
一層低温状態とされた冷媒は凝縮部を経由してブースタコンプレッサに戻される。
一方、ガス供給部では、ガス供給ラインを経由して供給されたタンク内で発生したボイルオフガスがガス圧縮部で圧縮され、圧縮ガス搬送ラインを経由して凝縮部を通るように搬送される。
したがって、第二のインタークーラは冷媒圧縮部に近くに配置することができるので、冷媒圧縮部が、たとえば、機関室に設置される場合、第二のインタークーラも機関室に設置することができる。このように、大型の第二のインタークーラを比較的広い機関室に設置できるので、たとえ、貨物機器室が狭い就航している既存のLNG船であってもボイルオフガス再液化装置を設置することができる。
また、清水の供給システムは機関室に設置されているので、冷凍サイクル部の第一のインタークーラおよび第二のインタークーラがともに機関室に設置されると、それらの配管が簡素化できるし、冷却効率を向上させることができる。
このような場合、本態様では、ガス供給ラインの熱交換部の上流側に、液化天然ガスを噴霧してボイルオフガスを冷却する緩熱器が備えられているので、緩熱器によって熱交換器へ供給するボイルオフガスを冷却することができる。
燃料用圧縮機は、比較的大容量であるが、これに供給されるボイルオフガスは熱交換部によって暖められ、容積が増加しているので、容量オーバーとならずに用いることができる。したがって、就航している既存のLNG船で、既存の燃料用圧縮機を有効に活用することができるので、改造工事の範囲を小さくでき、安価に改造することができる。
また、冷凍サイクル部では、ブースタコンプレッサで圧縮された冷媒が、さらに冷媒圧縮部によって圧縮されてエキスパンダへ供給されるようにされているので、第二のインタークーラを冷媒圧縮部の近くに配置することができ、たとえ、貨物機器室が狭い就航している既存のLNG船であってもボイルオフガス再液化装置を設置することができる。
図1は、LNG船のボイルオフガス再液化装置1の全体概略構成を示すブロック図である。
LNG船は、液化天然ガス(以下、LNGということもある。)を貯蔵する複数のカーゴタンク(図示省略)を備えている。カーゴタンクには、たとえば、略球形をしているモス式のタンク等種々の形式がある。
ボイルオフガス再液化装置1には、冷凍サイクル部3と、液化処理部(ガス供給部)5と、が備えられている。
冷凍サイクル部3には、冷媒圧縮機(冷媒圧縮部)9と、冷媒プレクーラ11と、エキスパンダ13と、過冷却器15と、凝縮器(凝縮部)17と、ブースタコンプレッサ19と、が主たる要素として設けられている。
冷媒配管7は、冷媒圧縮機9、冷媒プレクーラ11、エキスパンダ13、過冷却器15、凝縮器17、冷媒プレクーラ11およびブースタコンプレッサ19の順に接続し、閉じた系を構成している。
冷媒圧縮機9はインタークーラ23を有している。冷媒圧縮機9の出口には第一アフタクーラ(第一のインタークーラ)25が設けられている。
冷媒量を調整するために、冷媒バッファタンク27を有する配管が、冷媒圧縮機9の前後に接続されている。
エキスパンダ13は、冷媒プレクーラ11を通って温度が低下させられた冷媒を減圧により膨張させて低温・低圧のガス状冷媒とするものである。この冷媒が膨張する時の力を回転力として、エキスパンダ13と同軸で接続されたブースタコンプレッサ19は回転駆動させられる。
ブースタコンプレッサ19は、冷媒プレクーラ11から導入される冷媒を圧縮して、冷媒を高温・高圧とし、冷媒圧縮機9へ供給するものである。ブースタコンプレッサ19の下流側で冷媒圧縮機の上流側には第二アフタクーラ(第二のインタークーラ)29が備えられている。
冷凍サイクル3の起動時に、バイパス配管31は開放される。これにより冷媒はエキスパンダ13を通過しないので、それらによる抵抗がなくなり冷媒圧縮機9の起動を可能とできる。
また、この2台の燃料用圧縮機33に並列的に燃料用圧縮機33が設置されていないフリーフローライン45が備えられている。フリーフローライン45には、開閉する開閉弁47が備えられている。
燃料用圧縮機33およびフリーフローライン45には、別途カーゴタンクに貯蔵されたLNGをガス化して供給するようにしてもよい。
BOG搬送配管39には、BOGを圧縮するBOGブースタ53と、BOGブースタ53で圧縮され、高温となったBOGを、たとえば、清水で冷却するBOGアフタクーラ55とが備えられている。
BOGブースタ53は、たとえば、160kPaaのBOGを450kPaaに昇圧するものであり、それが可能であれば、たとえば、直冷式スクリュー圧縮機等、適宜形式のものが用いられる。
なお、BOGプレクーラ57によってBOG搬送配管39を通るBOGが十分冷却される場合には、BOGアフタクーラ55の設置は省略されてもよい。
BOG供給配管35には、BOGプレクーラ57をバイパスする弁の開閉により断接されるバイパス配管59が備えられている。
この凝縮されたBOGは、セパレータ37に導入され液分とガス分とに分離される。
再液化ガス配管41は、セパレータ37の下部から過冷却器15を通りカーゴタンクに接続されている。
再液化ガス配管41には、過冷却器15よりも下流側に再液化ガス流量調整弁61が設けられている。
ガス供給分岐配管63は、冷媒プレクーラ11を通って冷媒圧縮機9からエキスパンダ13へ供給される冷媒を冷却するように構成されている。
ブースタコンプレッサ19はエキスパンダ13で回転駆動されるので、コールドボックス65より張り出すように取り付けられている。
冷凍サイクル部3では、冷媒圧縮機9がスチームタービン21により駆動され、冷媒配管7から導入される低温・低圧のガス状冷媒を2段階に圧縮して、高温・高圧のガス状冷媒とする。このとき、冷媒は、1段目の圧縮と2段目の圧縮との間で、インタークーラ23によって冷却される。
この高温・高圧のガス状冷媒は、第一アフタクーラ25で冷却されて冷媒プレクーラ11に導入される。
この冷媒が、エキスパンダ13に導入され、減圧によって膨張されて一層低温・低圧のガス状冷媒とされる。
この低温・低圧のガス状冷媒は、過冷却器15および凝縮器17を通過し、その冷熱を周囲に与えて冷却する。
その後、冷媒は冷媒プレクーラ11を通ってエキスパンダ13に導入される冷媒によって暖められ、ブースタコンプレッサ19に導入される。
冷媒圧縮機9に導入された冷媒は、冷媒圧縮機9によってさらに高温・高圧とされ送り出される。
冷凍サイクル部3では、このサイクルを連続的に行うことで、冷媒配管7が通過する過冷却器15、凝縮器17および冷媒プリクーラ11において冷熱を提供する。
ミストセパレータ43は、通常運転中には、LNGが供給されていないので、BOGを冷却することはない。
たとえば、ボイルオフガス再液化装置1の運転開始時で配管が冷却されていない場合、あるいは、バラスト航行中で、カーゴタンク内のBOGが比較的高温の状態である場合等でBOG供給配管35を通過するBOGの温度が比較的高くなると、たとえば、セパレータ37から再液化されたLNGがミストセパレータ43に供給され、BOGプレクーラ57へ供給されるBOGの温度を必要な温度、たとえば、-120℃まで低下させる。
その後、BOGは、BOGブースタ53によって、たとえば、450kPaaに昇圧される。このとき、BOGの温度は、たとえば、略100℃となっている。
このBOGはBOGアフタクーラ55によって略40℃まで冷却され、BOGプレクーラ57に導入される。
BOGプレクーラ57では、BOG供給配管35を通るBOGによって、たとえば、略-110℃、すなわち、略飽和液状態まで冷却される。一方、BOG供給配管35を通るBOGは、たとえば、略-120℃から略30℃まで昇温される。
セパレータ37では、凝縮したBOGが気液分離され、再液化されたLNGである液体分は下部に、ガス分は上部に貯留される。
下部のLNGは、再液化ガス配管41を通って、過冷却器15で過冷却されカーゴタンクに戻される。
また、燃料用圧縮機33およびBOGブースタ53で圧縮され、高温状態とされたBOG搬送配管39を通るBOGは、BOGプレクーラ57においてBOG供給配管35を通る燃料用圧縮機33で圧縮される前のBOGによって冷却され、言い換えると、BOG自信の冷熱で予冷されるので、少なくともその熱量の分だけ冷凍サイクル部3の負担を減少させることができる。
これにより、冷凍サイクル部3を構成する各機器を小さくできるので、ボイルオフガス再液化装置1を小型化することができる。
したがって、第二アフタクーラ29は冷媒圧縮機9に近くに配置することができるので、冷媒圧縮機9が、たとえば、機関室に設置される場合、第二アフタクーラ29も機関室に設置することができる。
また、清水の供給システムは機関室に設置されているので、冷凍サイクル部3のインタークーラ23、第一アフタクーラ25および第二アフタクーラ29がともに機関室に設置されると、それらの配管が簡素化できるし、冷却効率を向上させることができる。
このように、ボイルオフガス再液化装置1は小型で高効率なものにできるし、その設置空間を少なくできる。このため、たとえば、既存のBOG等の天然ガスをボイラの燃料として用いるLNG船に、ボイルオフガス再液化装置1を設置する場合、改造工事を大幅に軽減することができる。また、新造船に適用する場合でも、設計変更を容易に行うことができる。
3 冷凍サイクル部
5 液化処理部
9 冷媒圧縮機
13 エキスパンダ
17 凝縮器
19 ブースタコンプレッサ
25 第一アフタクーラ
29 第二アフタクーラ
33 燃料用圧縮機
35 BOG供給配管
39 BOG搬送配管
43 ミストセパレータ
53 BOGブースタ
57 BOGプレクーラ
Claims (6)
- ガス圧縮部にタンク内で発生したボイルオフガスを供給するガス供給ラインおよび該ガス圧縮部で圧縮されたボイルオフガスを搬送する圧縮ガス搬送ラインを有するガス供給部と、
冷媒圧縮部で圧縮された後第一のインタークーラで冷却された冷媒を、エキスパンダによって膨張減圧させ一層低温状態とし、この冷媒によって前記圧縮ガス搬送ラインを搬送される前記ボイルオフガスを冷却し凝縮させる凝縮部を有する冷凍サイクル部と、を備えているボイルオフガス再液化装置であって、
前記ガス供給部には、前記凝縮部の上流側に、前記圧縮ガス搬送ラインを通る前記ボイルオフガスと前記ガス供給ラインを通る前記ボイルオフガスとの間で熱交換を行う熱交換部が備えられているボイルオフガス再液化装置。 - 前記冷凍サイクル部には、前記凝縮部の下流側に、前記エキスパンダによって駆動され前記冷媒を圧縮するブースタコンプレッサと、該ブースタコンプレッサで圧縮され、前記冷媒圧縮部に供給される前記冷媒を冷却する第二のインタークーラとが備えられている請求項1に記載のボイルオフガス再液化装置。
- ガス圧縮部にタンク内で発生したボイルオフガスを供給するガス供給ラインおよび該ガス圧縮部で圧縮されたボイルオフガスを搬送する圧縮ガス搬送ラインを有するガス供給部と、
冷媒圧縮部で圧縮された後第一のインタークーラで冷却された冷媒を、エキスパンダによって膨張減圧させ一層低温状態とし、この冷媒によって前記圧縮ガス搬送ラインを搬送される前記ボイルオフガスを冷却し凝縮させる凝縮部を有する冷凍サイクル部と、を備えているボイルオフガス再液化装置であって、
前記冷凍サイクル部には、前記凝縮部の下流側に、前記エキスパンダによって駆動され前記冷媒を圧縮するブースタコンプレッサと、該ブースタコンプレッサで圧縮され、前記冷媒圧縮部に供給される前記冷媒を冷却する第二のインタークーラとが備えられているボイルオフガス再液化装置。 - 前記ガス供給ラインの前記熱交換部の上流側には、液化天然ガスを噴霧して前記ボイルオフガスを冷却する緩熱器が備えられている請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載のボイルオフガス再液化装置。
- 前記ガス圧縮部は、2段階に分割されている請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載のボイルオフガス再液化装置。
- 前記ガス圧縮部の1段目の圧縮は、ボイラへ燃料として供給する燃料用圧縮機によって行われる請求項5に記載のボイルオフガス再液化装置。
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