WO2012037723A1 - 肿大细胞病毒vsocs基因缺失减毒活疫苗及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

肿大细胞病毒vsocs基因缺失减毒活疫苗及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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WO2012037723A1
WO2012037723A1 PCT/CN2010/077198 CN2010077198W WO2012037723A1 WO 2012037723 A1 WO2012037723 A1 WO 2012037723A1 CN 2010077198 W CN2010077198 W CN 2010077198W WO 2012037723 A1 WO2012037723 A1 WO 2012037723A1
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vsocs
virus
gene
recombinant
gene deletion
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PCT/CN2010/077198
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French (fr)
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郭长军
何建国
黄志坚
张颖芬
翁少萍
杨丽诗
阳晓波
刘�东
贾坤同
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中山大学
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/12Viral antigens
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12Antivirals
    • A61P31/20Antivirals for DNA viruses
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/55Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the host/recipient, e.g. newborn with maternal antibodies
    • A61K2039/552Veterinary vaccine
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    • C12N2710/00011Details
    • C12N2710/00034Use of virus or viral component as vaccine, e.g. live-attenuated or inactivated virus, VLP, viral protein

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  • the invention relates to the field of genetic engineering, in particular to a live attenuated vaccine for swollen cell virus vsocs gene deletion and a preparation method and application thereof.
  • the swollen cell virus is the newly emerging pathogen of malignant infectious diseases that have a major harmful effect on fish. Molecular epidemiological studies have found that there are 50 a variety of marine fish and nearly 10 Freshwater fish are carriers of this virus.
  • the swollen cell virus poses a huge threat to the aquaculture industry in countries and regions, especially in East Asia, Southeast Asia and Australia, and causes major economic losses every year.
  • the main strain of swollen cell virus is the infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus that is prevalent in mainland China.
  • ISKNV oblique grouper iridescent virus
  • OSGIV oblique grouper iridescent virus
  • LYCIV large yellow croaker iridescent virus
  • TRBIV turbot iridescent virus
  • SKIV zebra carp iridescent virus
  • RSIV iridescent virus
  • GSDIV grouper sleeping sickness
  • ALV African lanternfish iridescent virus
  • DGIV lightning lionfish iridescent virus
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a live vaccine for swollen cell virus gene deletion according to the deficiencies of the prior art, and the vaccine can be used for the prevention of fish swollen cell virus by water immersion method, thereby greatly reducing Incidence and operating costs of aquaculture viral diseases.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above-mentioned swollen cell virus vaccine, which is simple in preparation method and low in cost, and is advantageous for large-scale popularization and application.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide the use of the above-described swollen cell virus vaccine for the prevention of fish swollen cell virus.
  • the vaccine is a recombinant vsocs gene in fish cells by exogenous GFP gene replacement vsocs swelling cell virus gene obtained by genetic engineering techniques deletion virus harvest The virus solution is obtained after dilution.
  • the preparation method of the above-mentioned live attenuated vaccine for swollen cell virus has the following specific steps:
  • Recombinant vsocs gene deletion viral transfer vector construction (Fig. 1): PCR amplification of the vsocs gene in the ISKNV genome upstream and downstream of each 1000 bp DNA fragment, respectively inserted into the same cloning vector pUC18; through double enzyme digestion eukaryotic
  • the expression vector pEGFP-C3 was used to obtain a green fluorescent protein GFP eukaryotic expression cassette containing the CMV promoter, and inserted into the upstream and downstream fragments of the vsocs gene of the above pUC18 vector, which was a vsocs gene deletion virus transfer vector.
  • vsocs gene-deficient virus solution is diluted in water at different concentrations of 1:2,000-1:100,000, and the fish body can be immunized by soaking the infection.
  • the virus-deficient gene is a vsocs gene (such as ISKNV ORF103). And its homologous genes).
  • trypsin can be used for digestion, and when the cells are cultured into tablets, the cells can be cultured at 27 ° C in DMEM complete medium.
  • the virus adsorption can be selected to be adsorbed at a temperature of 27 ° C for 1 hour, and the cell maintenance solution can be optionally added.
  • DMEM with 10% FBS fetal calf serum
  • the FBS (fetal calf serum) and DMEM of the present invention are all common reagents in the art and are commercially available.
  • the salt buffer for diluting the virus inactivating solution may be selected from a sterile phosphate buffer solution, and the dilution factor is 10 Times.
  • the volume ratio of the diluted virus liquid to the soaking water body is 1: 1:2,000-1: 100,000 .
  • the immunization time of the fish body is 2 ⁇ 4 h, and the fish body after soaking immunization can be put back into the culture pond.
  • the swollen cell virus vaccine of the present invention can be used to prevent swollen cell virus infection of marine fish and freshwater fish.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the swollen cell virus vaccine of the invention can protect the fish against the infection of swollen cell virus by up to 80%;
  • the vaccine of the present invention itself does not contain harmful components to humans, and the vaccinated fish can be safely consumed;
  • the vaccine itself has no effect on the growth of fish. In the case of ensuring the water environment and feed, the fish injected with the vaccine grows well;
  • the duration of immunity lasts for more than half a year
  • the vaccine preparation method of the invention is simple, the reagent used has low cost, and is favorable for large-scale promotion;
  • the vaccine of the present invention itself is not easy to be ineffective, and the ordinary refrigerator is still effective for one week at 4 °C.
  • Figure 1 shows the construction process of the transfer vector for recombinant vSOCS gene
  • Figure 2 shows the deaths of the live attenuated vaccine group, the negative control group and the virus group during the immunization period.
  • the ISKNV vsocs gene was selected as a research object, and the exogenous GFP gene was substituted for the vsocs gene by using the homologous recombination principle of the virus in the intracellular replication process, thereby obtaining the ISKNV with the recombinant vsocs gene deletion.
  • the eukaryotic expression cassette of green fluorescent protein GFP containing CMV promoter was obtained by double digestion of eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-C3, and inserted into the upper and lower fragments of vsocs gene of pUC18 vector.
  • the cloning vector was deleted by vsocs gene. Viral transfer vector.
  • the biomaterial of this example was selected for salmon, and the virus was selected to reconstitute the vsocs gene deletion ISKNV virus.
  • Virus inoculation and culture After the above MMF-1 cells were cultured into pieces, the medium in the culture flask was aspirated, and then the recombinant vsocs gene-deficient virus solution described in Example 1 was added, and the virus was placed at 27 ° C for about 1 h. Adsorption. After aspirating the infected supernatant, the cell maintenance solution (DMEM containing 10% FBS) was added, and then cultured in a cell culture incubator at 27 ° C for about 72 h until the cells showed obvious lesions;
  • Virus collection, inactivation and dilution After three times of freezing and thawing, the diseased cells were filtered through a 0.22 ⁇ m filter to 1:20. The volume ratio is diluted in a sterile phosphate buffer solution, dispensed and stored in a -80 ° C refrigerator;
  • Vaccine preparation The above-mentioned recombinant vsocs gene-deficient virus solution is diluted in water at different concentrations of 1:2,000 to 1:100,000, and the fish body can be immunized by soaking the infection.
  • reagents used in this example are all common reagents for those skilled in the art.
  • the squid was purchased from a farm in Nanhai, Guangdong province, and was kept in the fish pond of the laboratory. The average size was about 125 g and the water temperature was kept at 25 ⁇ 27 °C.
  • the aerodynamic pump is automatically inflated, and the circulating water system immediately sucks out the waste in the fish pond.
  • the fresh bait fish is fed daily and fed once a day.
  • the pre-immunization squid is kept for at least 2 weeks in the rearing pond.
  • Live attenuated vaccine group 15 tail squid was selected, and the obtained swollen cell virus vaccine of Example 1 was diluted in 30L water at a volume ratio of 1:2,000 (final TCID 50 of 5 ⁇ 10 6 ), and the squid was immersed for 2 hours;
  • Negative control group 15 tail squid was selected and diluted in 30L with the same volume of sterile phosphate buffer (PBS). In the water, soak the squid for 2h;
  • PBS sterile phosphate buffer
  • the two groups after treatment mandarin medium stocked in the cement ponds 3.5 ⁇ 1.0 ⁇ 0.5 m 3 in.
  • the ISKNV virus was suspended in a 30 L water body at a final concentration of TCID 50 of 5 ⁇ 10 6 /ml, and the surviving squid was immersed for 2 h.
  • the temperature of the pool water is stable at 25 ⁇ 27°C . Observed from time to time, the dead fish were cleaned up in time, and the spleen enlargement of the dead fish was detected by the printing method.
  • ISKNV Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus
  • ISKNV Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis virus
  • the drug usually uses quicklime, copper sulfate, hypochlorite, iodized salt or antibiotics to inhibit the growth of the virus by changing the water environment.
  • the virus is very tenacious and cannot prevent it, especially at water temperature.
  • the swollen cell virus vaccine prepared by the method of the invention is injected, which obviously delays the onset time of the virus, after the infection. 10 days of squid began to die 2 tails, 10 to 14 days and then died 1 tail, in the 21 days after infection, only 2 The tail fish died of morbidity. It can be seen that the protective effect of the swollen cell virus vaccine of the present invention for preventing swollen cell virus infection can reach 80% (Fig. 2).

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Description

肿大细胞病毒 vsocs 基因缺失减毒活疫苗及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明涉及基因工程领域,具体涉及一种肿大细胞病毒 vsocs 基因缺失减毒活疫苗及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
我国是世界海水养殖产业大国,养殖规模和产量居世界第一。但是,随着养殖品种的增多和养殖规模的扩大,各种养殖品种每年发病率均在 50% 以上,而死亡率高达 20% 以上,直接造成的经济损失每年超过百亿元人民币。病害已经成为水产养殖可持续发展的主要障碍。
肿大细胞病毒是新近出现的对鱼类具有重大危害作用的恶性传染病的病原,分子流行病学研究发现,有 50 多种的海水鱼类和近 10 种的淡水鱼类是这种病毒的携带者。肿大细胞病毒对世界各国,特别是东亚、东南亚及澳大利亚等国家和地区的水产养殖业构成巨大威胁,每年都能造成重大经济损失。目前,肿大细胞病毒的主要毒株有流行于于中国大陆的鳜传染性脾肾坏死病毒( ISKNV )、斜带石斑鱼虹彩病毒( OSGIV )、大黄鱼虹彩病毒( LYCIV )、大菱鲆红体病虹彩病毒( TRBIV )、斑石鲷虹彩病毒( SKIV );流行于日本的真鲷虹彩病毒( RSIV )、石斑鱼昏睡病虹彩病毒 (GSDIV) 、非洲灯笼鱼虹彩病毒( ALIV )和闪电丽鱼虹彩病毒( DGIV );流行于韩国的条石鲷虹彩病毒( RBIV )、牙鲆虹彩病毒( FLIV )、大菱鲆虹彩病毒 (TBIV) ;流行于中国台湾的真鲷虹彩病毒和台湾石斑鱼虹彩病毒 (TGIV) ;出现在新加坡的鲻鱼和虎斑虹彩病毒及流行于澳大利亚的巨鳕银鲈虹彩病毒 (MCIV) 和丽丽鱼虹彩病毒 (DGIV) 等。肿大细胞病毒的宿主覆盖了众多具有重大经济价值的养殖鱼类,对肿大细胞病毒所引发的系列鱼病的控制成为有关国家的共识。
开展免疫防治是控制肿大细胞病毒流行和危害的有效手段。国际上,日本借助 RSIV 的高敏感细胞系 GF (石鲈鳍条细胞系)研制的 RSIV 全细胞灭活疫苗成功实现了商业化生产,已经比较广泛地应用于真鲷等海水养殖鱼类。 RSIV 灭活苗也曾经出口到我国广东及海南等沿海养殖区,在一些名贵海水养殖鱼类(石斑鱼,真鲷)中有所应用,总体效果不错。但由于价格偏贵(注射免疫,约 1 元 / 尾),注射免疫耗时耗力等不利因素的影响,日本进口的 RSIV 灭活苗在我国的应用比较有限。此外,由于灭活疫苗存在免疫期短、保护力低、用量大以及通常需要加入佐剂,并缺乏自然感染的局部免疫保护的因素限制了该类疫苗的发展。因此,开发新型的渔用基因工程疫苗成为当前水产病害控制的首要问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术的不足,提供一种肿大细胞病毒基因缺失活疫苗,该疫苗可以通过水体浸泡的方法用于鱼类肿大细胞病毒的预防,大大降低 水产业病毒性疾病的发病率和操作成本。
本发明的另一个目的是提供上述肿大细胞病毒疫苗的制备方法,该制备方法简单,成本低,有利于大规模推广应用。
本发明的另一个目的是提供上述肿大细胞病毒疫苗在鱼类肿大细胞病毒预防中的应用。
本发明的上述目的通过以下方案予以实现:
一种肿大细胞病毒 vsocs 基因缺失减毒活疫苗 ,该疫苗是通过在鱼类细胞中通过基因工程技术将外源 GFP 基因替代肿大细胞病毒的 vsocs 基因而得到的 重组 vsocs 基因缺失病毒 ,收获病毒液并稀释后得到的。
上述肿大细胞病毒减毒活疫苗的制备方法,其具体步骤如下:
( 1 ) 重 组 vsocs 基 因缺失病毒转移载体的构建(图 1 ): 通过 PCR 扩增 vsocs 基因在 ISKNV 基因组上下游各约 1000bp 的 DNA 片段,分别插入同一个克隆载体 pUC18 中;通过双酶切真核表达载体 pEGFP-C3 ,获得含 CMV 启动子的绿色荧光蛋白 GFP 真核表达框,插入上述 pUC18 载体的 vsocs 基因上下游片段之间,该克隆载体为 vsocs 基因缺失病毒转移载体 。
( 2 )细胞的制备:将鱼类细胞系经酶消化分散后,进行细胞培养成片,用于接种肿大细胞病毒;
( 3 )重组 vsocs 基因缺失病毒的接种和培养:上述鱼类细胞培养成片后,吸出培养瓶中的培养基,然后加入重组 vsocs 基因缺失病毒液,进行病毒吸附;病毒吸附结束后,吸出感染上清,加入细胞维持液,再次进行细胞培养,至细胞出现明显病变为止;
( 4 )重组 vsocs 基因缺失病毒液的收集、稀释和保存:将上述病变的细胞经三次冻融后,收获病毒液,经 0.22μm 滤器过滤后,稀释于 PBS 溶液中,分装并保存于 -80℃ 冰箱中,即得肿大病毒 vsocs 基因缺失减毒活疫苗成品;
( 5 )减毒活疫苗的使用:将上述重组 vsocs 基因缺失病毒液以 1:2,000-1 : 100,000 的不同浓度稀释于水体中,即可通过浸泡感染的途径对鱼体进行免疫。
上述步骤( 1 )中 , 病毒缺失基因为 vsocs 基因(如 ISKNV ORF103 及其同源基因)。
上述步骤( 2 )中,消化时可用胰酶,细胞培养成片时可采用 DMEM 完全培养液中 27℃ 培养。
上述步骤( 3 )中,病毒吸附可以选择在 27℃ 的温度下吸附 1 小时,细胞维持液可选择采用添加有 10%FBS 的 DMEM 。本发明的 FBS (胎牛血清)和 DMEM 均为本领域通用试剂,市售。
上述步骤( 4 )中,用于稀释病毒灭活液的盐类缓冲液可以选择无菌磷酸盐缓冲液,稀释倍数为 10 倍。
上述步骤( 5 )中,稀释后的病毒液与浸泡水体的体积比为 1 : 1:2,000-1 : 100,000 。鱼体浸泡免疫时间为 2~4 h ,带浸泡免疫后的鱼体即可放回养殖池。
本发明的肿大细胞病毒疫苗可用于预防海鱼类、淡水鱼类的肿大细胞病毒感染。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
1. 本发明的肿大细胞病毒疫苗对鱼类预防肿大细胞病毒感染的保护作用可达 80% ;
2. 本发明的疫苗本身不含对人类有害的成分,对注射疫苗的鱼类可以安全食用;
3. 疫苗本身对鱼类生长没有影响,在保证水环境和饲料的情况下,被注射有疫苗的鱼类生长状况良好;
4. 避免了传统减毒疫苗的返祖而重新获得毒力 ;
5. 免疫力持续时间长达半年以上;
6. 可通过水体浸泡免疫,操作简单、节省各种人工费用。
7. 本发明的疫苗制备方法简单,所用试剂成本低,有利于大规模推广;
8. 本发明的疫苗本身不易失效,普通冰箱 4℃ 放置一周仍有效。
附图说明
图 1 为重组 vSOCS 基因的转移载体构建流程;
图 2 为减毒活疫苗组、阴性对照组和病毒组三组鱼在免疫期间的死亡情况。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步具体说明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。
实施例 1 肿大细胞病毒重组转移载体的构建
本实施例的选取 ISKNV vsocs 基因作为研究对象,利用病毒在细胞内复制过程中的同源重组原理,将外源 GFP 基因替代 vsocs 基因,从而获得重组 vsocs 基因缺失的 ISKNV 。
本实施例肿大细胞病毒重组转移载体的构建,包括如下步骤:
( 1 )通过 PCR 扩增 vsocs 基因在 ISKNV 基因组上下游各约 1000bp 的 DNA 片段,分别插入同一个克隆载体 pUC18 中;
( 2 )通过双酶切真核表达载体 pEGFP-C3 ,获得含 CMV 启动子的绿色荧光蛋白 GFP 真核表达框,插入上述 pUC18 载体的 vsocs 基因上下游片段之间,该克隆载体为 vsocs 基因缺失病毒转移载体 。
实施例 2 肿大细胞病毒减毒活疫苗的制备
本实施例的生物材料选择鳜鱼,病毒选择 重组 vsocs 基因缺失 ISKNV 病毒。
本实施例肿大细胞病毒疫苗的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
( 1 )细胞的制备:将鳜仔鱼细胞系( MMF-1 )用胰酶消化分散,加入 DMEM 完全培养液在 27℃ 培养成片,用于接种重组 vsocs 基因缺失 ISKNV 病毒;
( 2 )病毒接种和培养:将上述 MMF-1 细胞培养成片后,吸出培养瓶中的培养基,然后加入实施例 1 所述的重组 vsocs 基因缺失病毒液,置 27℃ 约 1 h 进行病毒吸附。后吸出感染上清,加入细胞维持液(含 10% FBS 的 DMEM ),再置于 27℃ 细胞培养箱中培养大约 72 h ,至细胞出现明显病变为止;
( 3 )病毒收集、灭活和稀释:病变的细胞经三次冻融后,经 0.22μm 滤器过滤后,以 1:20 体积比稀释于无菌磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,分装并保存于 -80℃ 冰箱中;
( 4 ) 疫苗制备: 将上述重组 vsocs 基因缺失病毒液以 1:2,000~1 : 100,000 的不同浓度稀释于水体中,即可通过浸泡感染的途径对鱼体进行免疫。
本实施例所用试剂均为本领域技术人员通用试剂。
实施例 3 肿大细胞病毒减毒活疫苗水体浸泡免疫鳜鱼 用于预防 ISKNV 感染
用实施例 2 制备所得肿大细胞病毒减毒活疫苗通过浸泡免疫方法进行预防 ISKNV 感染试验。
  1. 试验鱼及其饲养条件
鳜鱼购自广东南海某养殖场,暂养于本实验室的鱼池中,平均规格约 125 g ,水温保持在 25~27 ℃ ,空气动力泵自动充气,循环水系统即时将鱼池中的废物吸出,日常投喂鲜活饵料鱼,一天投喂一次,免疫前鳜鱼在饲养池中最少暂养 2 周以上。
2. 免疫
减毒活疫苗组:随即选择 15 尾鳜鱼,实施例 1 所得肿大细胞病毒疫苗以 1:2,000 体积比(最终的 TCID50 为 5×106 )稀释于 30L 水体内,浸泡鳜鱼 2h ;
阴性对照组:随即选择 15 尾鳜鱼,取同上述相等体积的无菌磷酸盐缓冲液( PBS )稀释于 30L 水体内,浸泡鳜鱼 2h ;
将两组处理后的鳜鱼放养在 3.5×1.0×0.5 m3 的中等水泥鱼池中。
3. 攻毒
免疫 3 周后,取 ISKNV 病毒悬以 TCID50 终浓度为 5×106 /ml 稀释于 30L 水体内,浸泡存活的鳜鱼 2h 。
免疫和感染期间继续投喂鲜活饵料鱼,池水温度稳定在 25~27℃ 。每日不定时观察,死鱼及时清理,印片法检测死亡鱼类的脾脏肿大情况。
4. 疫苗和对照组处理后,再感染 ISKNV 病毒,鳜鱼的死亡情况如表 1 所示。
表 1 攻毒后三组鱼的死亡情况
攻毒后计时(天数) 对照组( 鳜鱼的死亡数) 减毒活疫苗组(鳜鱼的死亡数)
1~6 d 0 0
7 d 1 0
8 d 4 0
9 d 12 0
10 d 14 2
11 d 14 2
12 d 15 2
13 d 15 2
14 d 15 3
15 d 15 3
16 d 15 3
17 d 15 3
18 d 15 3
19 d 15 3
20 d 15 3
21 d 15 3
传染性脾肾坏死病毒( ISKNV , Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus )是一种主要的造成鱼类大量死亡的病毒,感染后 10~12 天死亡率为 90~100% ,目前国内外尚无有效抑制 ISKNV 的药物,通常养殖者采用生石灰、硫酸铜、次氯酸盐、碘盐或投放抗生素等方法,通过改变水体环境抑制病毒生长,但是该病毒生命力非常顽强,无法起到预防作用,尤其在水温 30~37℃ 时更有大规模的爆发,传统的抗生素对该病毒也不起作用。
但是从表 1 可以看出,感染了 ISKNV 后,对照组的鳜鱼在第 7 天开始死亡,尤其是在感染后的 8~9 天集中死亡,感染后的 12
天全部死亡。在而灭活疫苗组注射了本发明方法制备的肿大细胞病毒疫苗,明显地推迟了病毒的发病时间,在感染后的第 10 天鳜鱼开始死亡 2 尾, 10~14 天再死亡 1 尾,在感染后的 21 天中,仅有 2 尾鱼发病死亡。由此可以看出本发明肿大细胞病毒疫苗其预防肿大细胞病毒感染的保护作用可达到 80% (图 2 )。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种 肿大细胞病毒 vsocs 基因缺失减毒活疫苗 ,其特征在于该疫苗是利用基因工程原理将绿色荧光蛋白 GFP 报告基因替代肿大细胞病毒 vsocs 基因,构建并分离、纯化获得重组 vsocs 基因缺失病毒,将其作为肿大细胞病毒减毒活疫苗,该减毒活疫苗通过水体浸泡感染而使宿主鱼体产生免疫。
  2. 权利要求 1 所述肿大细胞病毒 vsocs 基因缺失减毒活疫苗的制备方法,其特征在于该制备方法包括如下步骤:
    ( 1 )重 组 vsocs 基 因缺失病毒转移载体的构建: 通过 PCR 扩增 vsocs 基因在 ISKNV 基因组上下游各约 1000bp 的 DNA 片段,分别插入同一个克隆载体 pUC18 中;通过双酶切真核表达载体 pEGFP-C3 ,获得含 CMV 启动子的绿色荧光蛋白 GFP 真核表达框,插入上述 pUC18 载体的 vsocs 基因上下游片段之间,该克隆载体为 vsocs 基因缺失病毒转移载体 ;
    ( 2 )重组 vsocs 基因缺失病毒的同源重组:鳜鱼仔鱼细胞先通过瞬时转染 vsocs 基因缺失病毒转移载体 5h 后,再 感染病毒 1h ,根据病毒复制的同源重组原理, 72-96h 预期获得 GFP 基因替代 vsocs 基因的重组 vsocs 基因缺失病毒;
    ( 3 )重组 vsocs 基因缺失病毒的分离和纯化: 通过荧光显微镜观察并挑取发生病变且表达 GFP 蛋白的细胞,通过有限稀释法获得单克隆化的重组 vsocs 基因缺失病毒;
    ( 4 )肿大细胞病毒基因缺失减毒活疫苗的制备:上述单克隆化的重组 vsocs 基因缺失病毒,通过感染 MFF-1 细胞,扩大培养; 将病变的细胞经三次冻融后,收获病毒液,经 0.22μm 滤器过滤后,稀释于 PBS 溶液中,分装并保存于 -80 ℃ 冰箱中,即得肿大病毒 vsocs 基因缺失减毒活疫苗成品;
    ( 5 )水体浸泡感染体系: 以不同稀释度的重组 vsocs 基因缺失病毒,通过水体浸泡感染鳜鱼 2~4 h ,记录感染鳜 3 周内的发病情况和死亡率,评定重组 vsocs 基因缺失病毒作为肿大细胞病毒的基因工程活疫苗的可行性,将暂养 3 周的重组 vsocs 基因缺失病毒感染鳜再次进行攻毒实验,记录感染鳜 4 周内的存活率和保护率。
  3. 根据权利要求 2 所述 肿大细胞病毒 vsocs 基因缺失减毒活疫苗的制备方法,其特征在于所述步骤( 1 )中,所述 vsocs 基因作为肿大细胞病毒减毒活疫苗的基因缺失对象。
  4. 根据权利要求 2 所述 肿大细胞病毒 vsocs 基因缺失减毒活疫苗的制备方法 ,其特征在于所述步骤( 1 )中, 通过 PCR 扩增 vsocs 基因上下游约 1000bp 的片段作为重组转移载体的组成部分 。
  5. 根据权利要求 2 所述 肿大细胞病毒 vsocs 基因缺失减毒活疫苗的制备方法 ,其特征在于所述步骤( 2 )中,先 瞬时 vsocs 基因缺失病毒转移载体 4~6h 后,再感染病毒。
  6. 根据权利要求 2 所述 肿大细胞病毒 vsocs 基因缺失减毒活疫苗的制备方法 ,其特征在于所述步骤( 2 )中,利用 GFP 基因替代 vsocs 基因的重组 vsocs 基因缺失病毒。
  7. 根据权利要求 2 所述 肿大细胞病毒 vsocs 基因缺失减毒活疫苗的制备方法 ,其特征在于所述步骤( 3 )中, 通过有限稀释法获得单克隆化的重组 vsocs 基因缺失病毒。
  8. 根据权利要求 2 所述 肿大细胞病毒 vsocs 基因缺失减毒活疫苗的制备方法 ,其特征在于所述步骤( 4 )中, 单克隆化的重组 vsocs 基因缺失病毒, 稀释于 PBS 溶液中即得肿大病毒 vsocs 基因缺失减毒活疫苗成品。
  9. 根据权利要求 2 所述 肿大细胞病毒 vsocs 基因缺失减毒活疫苗的制备方法 ,其特征在于所述步骤( 5 )中, 水体浸泡重组 vsocs 基因缺失病毒感染鳜鱼 2~4 h ,作为疫苗免疫途径和免疫时间。
  10. 权利要求 1 所述 肿大细胞病毒 vsocs 基因缺失减毒活疫苗在预防鱼类肿大细胞病毒感染中的应用。
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