WO2012036204A1 - 容器用鋼板 - Google Patents
容器用鋼板 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012036204A1 WO2012036204A1 PCT/JP2011/070985 JP2011070985W WO2012036204A1 WO 2012036204 A1 WO2012036204 A1 WO 2012036204A1 JP 2011070985 W JP2011070985 W JP 2011070985W WO 2012036204 A1 WO2012036204 A1 WO 2012036204A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- nickel
- film
- tin
- steel plate
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
- B32B15/015—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium the said other metal being copper or nickel or an alloy thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0278—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips involving a particular surface treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/34—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
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- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/34—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides
- C23C22/36—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides containing also phosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a steel plate for containers.
- metal containers made of steel plates such as nickel-plated steel plates, tin-plated steel plates or tin-based alloy-plated steel plates are often used.
- metal containers it is necessary to paint before or after canning, but in recent years, from the viewpoint of global environmental conservation, waste caused by paints such as waste solvents and exhaust gases such as carbon dioxide gas In order to reduce this, a film is often laminated instead of painting.
- the steel plate for containers used for the base of painting and laminate films is protected by chromate using hexavalent chromate or the like in order to ensure adhesion and corrosion resistance between the steel plate and the coating or film.
- a rust-treated steel plate is used (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- a coating layer made of an organic resin is formed on the chromate-treated film as necessary.
- Patent Documents 2 and 3 from at least one surface of a steel plate, a zirconium film containing a predetermined amount of zirconium, a phosphoric acid film containing a predetermined amount of phosphoric acid, and a phenol resin film containing a predetermined amount of phenol resin.
- a steel plate for containers has been proposed which has a chemical conversion coating layer containing at least two selected types of coatings, and in which arbitrary particles in the chemical conversion coating layer have a size of a certain value or less.
- the color of the steel sheet surface is generally preferred to be lighter than dark.
- the present invention has an object to provide a steel plate for containers that exhibits excellent film adhesion and appearance characteristics while maintaining excellent corrosion resistance even when surface treatment instead of chromate treatment is performed.
- the present inventors have found that the above problems can be solved by using a chemical conversion film layer containing particles of a predetermined size. That is, the present inventors have found that the above problem is solved by the following configuration.
- the length of the major axis which is the line segment having the maximum length, is a (nm), and one end and the other end of the particle are connected.
- the length of the short axis which is the line segment and has the maximum length among the line segments orthogonal to the long axis, is b (nm)
- a steel plate is formed with a nickel base or an iron-nickel alloy plating base nickel layer on the steel plate surface, a part of the tin plating applied on the base nickel layer and a part or all of the base nickel layer
- the steel plate for containers according to (1) which is a plated steel plate on which a tin plating layer containing island-shaped tin alloyed with is formed.
- the base nickel layer contains 5 mg / m 2 to 150 mg / m 2 of nickel in the amount of metallic nickel, and the tin plating layer contains 300 mg / m 2 to 3000 mg / m 2 of tin in the amount of metallic tin.
- the steel plate has a tin plating layer on at least one side, The steel plate for containers according to (1), wherein a chemical conversion coating layer is provided on the tin plating layer.
- tin-plated layer containing tin of 100mg / m 2 ⁇ 5600mg / m 2 of metal tin content, container steel sheet according to (4).
- steel sheet on at least one side has nickel plating layer containing a nickel 10mg / m 2 ⁇ 1000mg / m 2 of metal nickel amount,
- the chemical conversion film layer includes a zirconium film, a phosphoric acid film, and a phenol resin film.
- the container steel plate of the present invention has a zirconium film containing 0.1 to 9 mg / m 2 of zirconium in the amount of metal zirconium on at least one surface of the steel plate, and 0.1 to 8 mg / m in phosphorus. It has a chemical conversion treatment film layer comprising at least two kinds of films selected from a phosphoric acid film containing 2 phosphoric acids and a phenol resin film containing 0.05 to 8 mg / m 2 of phenolic resin in carbon amount. .
- the steel plate and chemical conversion treatment film layer which comprise the steel plate for containers are explained in full detail.
- the steel plate that is the original plate of the steel plate for containers of the present invention is not particularly restricted, and a steel plate that is normally used as a container material can be used. Also, the manufacturing method and material of the original plate are not particularly restricted, and it is manufactured through each process such as hot rolling, pickling, cold rolling, annealing, temper rolling, etc. from a normal slab manufacturing process. Moreover, metal surface treatment layers, such as a chemical conversion treatment layer and a plating layer, may be provided in the steel plate surface.
- the method for applying the surface treatment layer is not particularly limited. For example, a known method such as electroplating, vacuum deposition, or sputtering can be used, and heat treatment for applying the diffusion layer. May be combined.
- a metal surface treatment layer may be provided, and it is preferable to provide a base plating layer to be described later in terms of ensuring the corrosion resistance required as a container.
- a base plating layer which can be used conveniently by this invention is explained in full detail.
- the base nickel layer as used herein is a plating layer containing nickel formed on at least one surface of a steel plate, and is a metallic nickel plating layer made of metallic nickel, or iron-nickel subjected to iron-nickel alloy plating It may be an alloy plating layer.
- the island-shaped tin plating layer is formed by performing tin plating on the base nickel layer and alloying a part or all of the base nickel layer and a part of the tin plating layer by molten tin treatment.
- An alloy plating layer is preferred.
- an iron-nickel alloy plating layer is used as the underlying nickel layer. It is preferable.
- such a nickel plating layer and an island-shaped tin plating layer will be described in detail.
- the base nickel layer made of the above nickel or iron-nickel alloy is formed in order to improve the corrosion resistance. Since nickel is a highly corrosion-resistant metal, the corrosion resistance of the alloy layer containing iron and tin formed during the molten tin treatment is improved by plating nickel on the surface of the steel sheet as in the case of the steel sheet for containers of the present invention. be able to.
- the effect of improving the corrosion resistance of the alloy layer by nickel plating is determined by the amount of nickel to be plated. If the amount of metallic nickel in the underlying nickel layer is 5 mg / m 2 or more, the effect of improving the corrosion resistance is remarkably increased. On the other hand, the effect of improving corrosion resistance increases as the amount of nickel in the underlying nickel layer increases. However, if the amount of metallic nickel in the underlying nickel layer exceeds 150 mg / m 2 , the effect of improving corrosion resistance is not only saturated, but also nickel. Is an expensive metal, it is economically disadvantageous to plate nickel in an amount exceeding 150 mg / m 2 . Therefore, the amount of nickel in the base nickel layer is preferably 5 mg / m 2 to 150 mg / m 2 .
- the base nickel layer is formed by the diffusion plating method
- a diffusion treatment for forming the diffusion layer is performed in an annealing furnace.
- a nitriding process may be performed simultaneously with the diffusion process. Even when nitriding is performed, the effect of nickel as the underlying nickel layer and the effect of the nitriding layer in the present invention do not interfere with each other, and these effects can be achieved together.
- a publicly known method for example, cathode electrolytic method generally performed in electroplating can be used.
- tin plating is performed.
- the “tin plating” in this specification includes not only plating with metallic tin, but also metal tin mixed with irreversible impurities and metal tin added with trace elements.
- the tin plating method is not particularly limited. For example, a known electroplating method or a method of plating by dipping a steel plate in molten tin may be used.
- the tin plating layer by the above tin plating is formed in order to improve corrosion resistance and weldability. Since tin itself has high corrosion resistance, it has excellent corrosion resistance and weldability both as metal tin and as a tin alloy formed by the molten tin treatment (reflow treatment) described below. Can be demonstrated.
- the tin plating layer is formed to include island tin. This is because when the entire surface of the steel plate is plated with tin, the steel plate may be exposed to a melting point (232 ° C.) or more during heat treatment after film lamination or coating, and due to melting of tin or oxidation of tin. This is because the film adhesion cannot be secured. Therefore, tin is made into islands, and the iron-nickel base corresponding to the sea part is exposed (the part does not melt) to ensure film adhesion.
- the excellent corrosion resistance of tin is remarkably improved when the amount of metallic tin is 300 mg / m 2 or more, and the degree of improvement in corrosion resistance increases as the tin content increases. Therefore, the amount of metallic tin in the tin plating layer containing island-shaped tin is preferably 300 mg / m 2 or more. Moreover, since the corrosion resistance improving effect is saturated when the amount of metallic tin exceeds 3000 mg / m 2 , the tin content is preferably 3000 mg / m 2 or less from an economical viewpoint.
- tin with low electric resistance is soft and spreads by pressurizing tin between the electrodes at the time of welding, so that a stable energization region can be secured, so that particularly excellent weldability is exhibited.
- This excellent weldability is exhibited when the amount of metallic tin is 100 mg / m 2 or more.
- the amount of metal tin is preferably set to 300 mg / m 2 or more and 3000 mg / m 2 or less.
- a molten tin treatment (reflow treatment) is performed.
- the purpose of the molten tin treatment is to melt tin and form an alloy with a base steel plate or base metal (for example, a base nickel layer) to form a tin-iron alloy layer or a tin-iron-nickel alloy layer.
- the purpose is to improve the corrosion resistance of the layer and form an island-shaped tin alloy.
- This island-shaped tin alloy can be formed by appropriately controlling the molten tin treatment.
- the tin plating layer (tin plating layer which does not contain island-like tin) formed in the at least single side
- Tin has excellent workability, weldability, and corrosion resistance, but in order to obtain sufficient corrosion resistance only by tin plating, the amount of metal tin is preferably set to 100 mg / m 2 or more, for example. Moreover, although corrosion resistance improves, so that the amount of metal tin increases, in the case of tin plating alone, if the amount of metal tin exceeds 5600 mg / m ⁇ 2 >, the corrosion resistance improvement effect will be saturated. Therefore, from the economical viewpoint, when tin plating is used alone, the amount of metallic tin is preferably 5600 mg / m 2 or less. In the same manner as described above, by performing molten tin treatment after tin plating, iron and iron-tin alloy layers in the steel sheet can be formed, and gloss can be imparted. It becomes possible to further improve the corrosion resistance.
- the composite plating layer or the tin plating layer is preferably formed on both surfaces of the steel sheet from the viewpoint of improving the corrosion resistance. From the viewpoint of manufacturing cost reduction, etc., when a surface treatment layer other than a composite plating layer or tin plating layer that improves corrosion resistance etc. is formed on one surface of the steel sheet, the composite plating layer or tin plating layer is It may be formed at least on the other surface of the steel plate. In this way, when canning a steel plate for a container having a composite plating layer or a tin plating layer formed on only one side of the steel plate, for example, the surface on which the composite plating layer or the tin plating layer is formed is the inner surface of the container. Processed to be side.
- Nickel plating layer Thirdly, a nickel plating layer formed on at least one surface of a steel sheet will be described as an example of the base plating layer. Since nickel is a highly corrosion-resistant metal, the corrosion resistance can be further improved by plating nickel on the surface of the steel plate as in the steel plate for containers of the present invention. Further, an Fe—Ni alloy plating layer in which nickel and iron are alloyed may be provided.
- the effect of improving the corrosion resistance by the nickel plating is determined by the amount of nickel to be plated. If the amount of nickel in the nickel plating layer is 10 mg / m 2 or more, the effect of improving the corrosion resistance is remarkably increased. However, in order to ensure sufficient corrosion resistance, the amount of nickel in the nickel plating layer is preferably 150 mg / m 2 or more. On the other hand, the effect of improving corrosion resistance increases as the amount of nickel in the nickel plating layer increases, but when the amount of nickel exceeds 1000 mg / m 2 , the effect of improving corrosion resistance is not only saturated, but nickel is an expensive metal. Therefore, it is economically disadvantageous to plate nickel in an amount exceeding 1000 mg / m 2 .
- the nickel plating layer in the present invention is not only formed of pure nickel metal, but is formed of a nickel alloy if the nickel amount is in the range of 10 mg / m 2 to 1000 mg / m 2. Also good. Further, the steel sheet may be subjected to nitriding treatment for the purpose of improving mechanical strength, even if a nickel plating layer is formed on the steel sheet subjected to nitriding treatment, or the thickness of the steel sheet is reduced. The effects obtained by the nitriding treatment such that the crushing and deformation are less likely to occur are not reduced.
- nickel plating layer is formed, heat treatment for providing a diffusion layer may be performed. Further, for example, when a nickel plating layer is formed by a diffusion plating method, nickel plating is applied to the steel plate surface. After the application, a diffusion process for forming a diffusion layer is performed in the annealing furnace, but a nitriding process may be performed before or after the diffusion process or simultaneously with the diffusion process.
- the nickel plating layer is preferably formed on both surfaces of the steel plate from the viewpoint of improving corrosion resistance, but from the viewpoint of manufacturing cost reduction, etc., other than nickel plating that improves the corrosion resistance on one surface of the steel plate.
- the nickel plating layer only needs to be formed on at least the other surface of the steel plate.
- the surface on which the nickel plating layer is formed is processed so as to be the inner surface side of the container. .
- the amount of metallic Ni in the Ni plating layer and the amount of metallic Sn in the Sn plating layer can be measured, for example, by a fluorescent X-ray method.
- a calibration curve related to the amount of metal Ni is specified in advance using a sample with a known amount of Ni deposited, and the amount of metal Ni is relatively specified using the calibration curve.
- a calibration curve related to the metal Sn amount is specified in advance using an Sn adhesion amount sample whose metal Sn amount is known, and the metal Sn amount is relatively specified using the calibration curve.
- a chemical conversion treatment film layer is formed on the steel sheet.
- the chemical conversion treatment film layer includes at least any two of a zirconium film, a phosphoric acid film, and a phenol resin film.
- the chemical conversion film layer according to the present invention will be described in detail.
- the chemical conversion film layer is formed as a film having at least two components of the Zr component, the phosphoric acid component, and the phenol resin component, excellent practical performance can be exhibited. Further, by using a film having at least one of a phosphoric acid component and a phenol resin component and a Zr component, in particular, corrosion resistance and adhesion can be further improved among practical performances. Furthermore, by making the chemical conversion film layer a composite film in which a Zr component, a phosphoric acid component, and a phenol resin component are combined, it is possible to exhibit better adhesion. In particular, in a range where the amount of the film is small, the respective properties are complemented, so that a film in which three types of Zr film, phosphoric acid film, and phenol resin film are combined exhibits more stable performance.
- the steel plate for containers of the present invention has a chemical conversion treatment film layer on at least one side of the steel plate.
- Particle size arbitrarily selected for particles contained in the chemical conversion coating layer (for example, when the chemical conversion coating layer is a coating containing a Zr component, particles of zirconium compound such as zirconium oxide and zirconium phosphate)
- the length of the line segment having the maximum length among the line segments connecting the one end a1 and the other end a2 of the particle (hereinafter referred to as “major axis”) is a (nm), and one end b1 of the particle and the other.
- the chemical conversion coating layer The area ratio of [(a + b) / 2]> 200 (nm) particles occupying the surface (hereinafter also referred to as “particle A” as appropriate) needs to be 0.1 to 50%.
- the resulting steel plate for containers exhibits better film adhesion and excellent appearance characteristics.
- the area ratio of the particles A is less than 0.1%, the organic resin adhesion of the steel plate for containers is inferior.
- the area ratio of the particles A is more than 50%, the color tone of the steel sheet surface becomes dark due to the effect of scattering or absorption of visible light by the particles, so that the appearance characteristics of the steel sheet for containers are deteriorated.
- the area ratio of the particles A is more preferably 1 to 20%, and more preferably 1 to 10%.
- the upper limit of [(a + b) / 2] of particle A is preferably 1000 nm or less, and more preferably 450 nm or less, from the viewpoint of the appearance characteristics and organic resin adhesion of the obtained steel sheet. If the area ratio of the particles A exceeding the above range exceeds 50%, the color tone becomes dark. Further, since the strength of the particles themselves decreases as the particle size increases, cohesive failure in the film tends to occur. Therefore, [(a + b) / 2] of the particle A is preferably 200 to 300 nm in that the organic resin adhesion of the obtained steel plate for containers is more excellent.
- a zirconium film having a particle structure in which [(a + b) / 2] exceeds 200 (nm) is obtained by performing cathodic electrolysis under a temperature condition of 20 ° C. to 50 ° C. as will be described in detail later.
- the value of the major axis a and the value of the minor axis b in the present invention should be measured by observing the surface of the steel plate for containers obtained by electrolytic treatment in this way with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Can do.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the major axis “a” and the minor axis “b” of arbitrary particles selected on the SEM photograph of the surface of the steel plate for containers are measured, and the SEM photograph
- the actual values of the major axis a and the minor axis b can be obtained by converting from the magnification of.
- the zirconium coating contained in the chemical conversion coating layer of the present invention is formed to ensure corrosion resistance and adhesion between the organic resin (hereinafter referred to as “organic resin adhesion”).
- the zirconium film is formed, for example, as a film made of one kind of zirconium compound such as zirconium oxide, zirconium hydroxide, zirconium fluoride, zirconium phosphate or the like, or a composite film made of two or more kinds of zirconium compounds.
- Such a zirconium film has excellent corrosion resistance and organic resin adhesion, and the present inventors consider this reason as follows.
- the zirconium film is considered to form a three-dimensional cross-linked body by a polymer-like zirconium complex and to exhibit the corrosion resistance due to the barrier property of this cross-linked body.
- adhesion the hydroxyl group present in the zirconium film or the hydroxyl group of the phosphate group and the hydroxyl group present on the surface of the metal such as a steel plate undergo dehydration condensation, so that the metal surface and zirconium are bonded via oxygen atoms. It is considered that the adhesiveness is exhibited by covalent bonding with the film.
- the adhesion amount of the zirconium film is 0.1 mg / m 2 or more in terms of the amount of metal zirconium, a level of corrosion resistance and organic resin adhesion that are practically satisfactory are ensured.
- the effect of improving the corrosion resistance and organic resin adhesion increases with the increase in the adhesion amount of the zirconium film, but when the adhesion amount of the zirconium film exceeds 9 mg / m 2 in terms of the amount of metal zirconium, Since it becomes too thick, it may cause cohesive failure during processing and the like, and the adhesion of the zirconium film itself and the adhesion to the film will decrease, and the electrical resistance will increase and the weldability will decrease.
- the adhesion amount of the zirconium film is required to be a 0.1mg / m 2 ⁇ 9mg / m 2 of metal zirconium content.
- the coating weight of zirconium coating is 1mg / m 2 ⁇ 8mg / m 2 of metal zirconium content.
- the phosphoric acid film is, for example, iron phosphate, nickel phosphate, tin phosphate, zirconium phosphate, phosphorous formed by reacting with the base (steel plate, nickel plating layer, tin plating layer, zirconium film, phenol resin film). It is formed as a film made of one kind of phosphoric acid compound such as acid phenol or a composite film made of two or more kinds of these phosphoric acid compounds.
- a phosphate film has excellent corrosion resistance and organic resin adhesion
- the present inventors have found that this is because the phosphate ions are complexed with various metal ions and three-dimensional as described above. Forming a cross-linked coating, and even if metal ions such as iron and nickel elute (the first stage of corrosion), forming a phosphate compound makes the metal ions insoluble and reduces further corrosion It is thought to be due to having an effect.
- the adhesion amount of the phosphoric acid film is 0.1 mg / m 2 or more in terms of phosphorus amount, a level of corrosion resistance and organic resin adhesion that are practically satisfactory are ensured.
- the adhesion amount of the phosphoric acid film increases, the effect of improving the corrosion resistance and the organic resin adhesion also increases.
- the adhesion amount of the phosphoric acid film exceeds 8 mg / m 2 in terms of the amount of phosphorous, Since the film becomes too thick, it may cause cohesive failure during processing and the like, and the adhesion of the phosphoric acid film itself and the adhesion to the film are lowered, and the electrical resistance is increased and the weldability is lowered.
- adhesion of the phosphoric acid coating should be in the amount of phosphorus and 0.1mg / m 2 ⁇ 8mg / m 2.
- deposition amount of phosphate film is 1mg / m 2 ⁇ 6mg / m 2 in phosphorus content.
- the said chemical conversion treatment film layer may contain the phenol resin film containing a phenol resin component as mentioned above.
- the phenol resin film is formed in order to ensure organic resin adhesion. Since the phenol resin itself is an organic material, it has excellent adhesion with a laminate film made from an organic material.
- the surface treatment layer undergoes processing that greatly deforms, the surface treatment layer itself may be coherently broken due to the processing and the adhesion may deteriorate, but the phenol resin contains a zirconium film or phosphate film Has the effect of significantly improving the work adhesion of these films.
- the adhesion amount of the phenol resin film is 0.05 mg / m 2 or more in terms of the carbon amount, a level of organic resin adhesion that causes no practical problem is secured.
- the adhesion amount of the phenol resin film increases, the effect of improving the adhesion of the organic resin also increases.
- the adhesion amount of the phenol resin film exceeds 8 mg / m 2 in terms of carbon amount, the phenol resin film Since it becomes too thick, while the adhesiveness of phenol resin film itself falls, an electrical resistance rises and weldability falls.
- the adhesion amount of the phenol resin coating it is necessary to 0.05mg / m 2 ⁇ 8mg / m 2 in carbon content.
- the coating weight of the phenolic resin coating is 0.1mg / m 2 ⁇ 6mg / m 2 in carbon content.
- the adhesion amount of the phenolic resin film in the range of 0.1 mg / m 2 to 6 mg / m 2 , fine adhesion unevenness (yellowing due to adhesion) can be reduced, and the above-mentioned effect of adding phenol is sufficient. Can be demonstrated.
- the amount of metallic zirconium and the amount of phosphorus contained in the chemical conversion coating layer according to the present invention can be measured by, for example, a quantitative analysis method such as fluorescent X-ray analysis.
- the amount of carbon in the chemical conversion coating layer can be determined, for example, by subtracting the amount of carbon contained in the steel sheet as the background from the value measured by the total carbon amount measurement method by gas chromatography.
- the chemical conversion treatment film layer containing at least 2 or more types of a zirconium film, a phosphoric acid film, and a phenol resin film is formed in the steel plate for containers of this invention on the at least single side
- it can have the outstanding film adhesiveness.
- the said chemical conversion treatment film layer contains a zirconium film at least, corrosion resistance and film adhesiveness can further be improved.
- film adhesiveness can be improved notably.
- the molten tin treatment is also referred to as reflow treatment, and is performed in order to melt the surface Sn by raising the temperature to 232 ° C. or higher, which is the melting point of Sn, and to give surface gloss after Sn plating. Also, by performing molten tin treatment, Sn on the surface is melted and alloyed with a base steel plate or a base metal to form a Sn—Fe alloy layer or a Sn—Fe—Ni alloy layer. Improve corrosion resistance. Moreover, island-shaped Sn can be formed by appropriately controlling the molten tin treatment. As a result, it is possible to manufacture a steel sheet having a plating structure in which the Fe—Ni alloy plating layer or the Fe—Ni—Sn alloy plating layer having excellent adhesion to the organic resin free of metal Sn is exposed.
- the molten tin treatment is heated to 232 ° C. or higher, preferably about 240 ° C., which is the melting point of Sn in a few seconds (for example, within 10 seconds), and as uniformly as possible to about 240 ° C. It is performed by rapidly cooling to near room temperature (for example, about 50 ° C.).
- the method for producing a steel plate for containers according to the present invention includes performing low-temperature cathodic electrolysis treatment on a plated steel plate on which a base plating layer as described above is formed on at least one surface of the steel plate.
- a chemical conversion treatment film layer is formed.
- a method of forming such a chemical conversion treatment film for example, a method of immersing a steel sheet in an acidic solution in which zirconium ions, phosphate ions, low-molecular phenol resins, or the like are dissolved, or such an acidic solution is used.
- the steel sheet as the base of the chemical conversion film layer and the plating layer formed on the steel sheet surface are etched to form various films. Since the amount of adhesion becomes non-uniform and the processing time required for forming the chemical conversion coating layer becomes long, this is industrially disadvantageous.
- Components of chemical conversion solution used for cathodic electrolysis In order to form the chemical conversion treatment film layer by cathodic electrolytic treatment, depending on the type of film to be formed among the zirconium film, phosphoric acid film, and phenol resin film contained in the chemical conversion treatment film layer, the electrolytic treatment is performed. It is necessary to determine the components in the chemical conversion solution to be used. Specifically, when it is desired to form a chemical conversion coating layer containing only a zirconium coating, a chemical conversion treatment solution containing zirconium ions in an acidic solution of 100 mass ppm to 7500 mass ppm may be used.
- the acidic solution contains 100 mass ppm to 7500 mass ppm of zirconium ions and 50 mass ppm to 5000 mass ppm of phosphate ions in the acidic solution.
- zirconium ions are added in an acidic solution as a chemical conversion treatment solution in an amount of 100 mass ppm to 7500 mass ppm.
- phosphate ions in a mass average of 50 ppm to 5000 ppm by mass
- the low molecular weight of the phenolic resin molecular weight of about 5000 or so may be used which contains 10 mass ppm ⁇ 1500 mass ppm.
- tannic acid By adding tannic acid to the treatment liquid in this way, tannic acid binds to iron atoms on the steel sheet surface, and a film of iron tannate is formed on the steel sheet surface, improving rust resistance and adhesion. it can. Therefore, when using the steel plate for containers of the present invention for applications where rust resistance and adhesion are important, the chemical conversion treatment film layer is formed in an acidic solution to which tannic acid is added, if necessary. Also good.
- the solvent of the acidic solution used for forming the chemical conversion film layer according to the present invention for example, distilled water or the like can be used.
- the solvent of the said acidic solution is not limited to this, It is possible to select suitably according to the material to melt
- a Zr complex such as H 2 ZrF 6 can be used as a Zr supply source.
- Zr in the Zr complex as described above is present in the chemical conversion solution as Zr 4+ by a hydrolysis reaction due to an increase in pH at the cathode electrode interface.
- Such Zr ions react more rapidly in the chemical conversion solution to form compounds such as ZrO 2 , Zr 3 (PO 4 ) 4 , Zr (HPO 3 ) 2, and the like, so that hydroxyl groups ( ⁇ OH) and a dehydration condensation reaction can form a Zr film.
- nitric acid for example, nitric acid, ammonia or the like may be added.
- the cathodic electrolysis treatment for forming the chemical conversion coating layer of the present invention is intermittently performed by repeating energization and non-energization under the condition that the temperature of the chemical conversion treatment solution (bath temperature) is 20 ° C. to 50 ° C. It is preferable. Of these, conditions of 40 to 50 ° C. are preferable.
- the cathodic electrolysis treatment is preferably performed at an electrolysis current density of 0.01 A / dm 2 to 20 A / dm 2 .
- 0.5 to 10 A / dm 2 is preferable because the obtained steel sheet has more excellent film adhesion.
- the electrolysis current density is less than 0.01 A / dm 2 , the amount of coating is reduced, it is difficult to form a stable coating, and a long electrolytic treatment time may be required. In some cases, the corrosion resistance, paint adhesion, and the like may decrease.
- the electrolytic current density exceeds 20 A / dm 2 , the coating amount exceeds the required amount and saturates.
- the temperature of the chemical conversion treatment liquid may increase during the electrolytic treatment, and the chemical conversion treatment liquid may need to be cooled in order to maintain the temperature conditions of the low-temperature cathode electrolytic treatment described above.
- the cathodic electrolysis treatment is preferably performed twice or preferably four times or more of intermittent energization for a total energization time of 0.5 to 10 seconds. It is difficult to form a granular precipitate having a desired particle size by a single continuous energization, and it is effective to perform electrolysis intermittently with a non-energization time during electrolysis, at least 2 times, preferably 4 times. It can form stably by the above intermittent electricity supply. This is because the precipitation site of the granular precipitate is considered to be formed in the non-energized time zone.
- the non-energization time is preferably 0.1 to 2 seconds.
- the energization time When the energization time is less than 0.5 seconds in total, the growth of granular precipitates hardly occurs and it becomes difficult to form a film having a target particle size distribution. On the other hand, if the energization time exceeds 10 seconds, the amount of coating will exceed the required amount and the amount of deposition will be saturated. In some cases, it will be deposited in a washing process such as water washing after electrolytic conversion treatment. Insufficient coating is washed away (peeled), which is not economical, and causes an increase in the temperature of the chemical conversion treatment solution, so that the chemical conversion treatment solution is cooled in order to maintain the temperature conditions of the low-temperature cathodic electrolysis described above. It may be necessary to perform an extra process.
- A2 Manufacturing method of steel sheet having Sn plating layer
- a steel substrate steel plate having a thickness of 0.17 to 0.23 mm that has been annealed and regulated is degreased and pickled, then Sn-plated using a ferrostan bath, and then melted and melted.
- a composite plated steel sheet having a Sn alloy layer was prepared by performing a tin treatment.
- A3 Method for producing a steel sheet obtained by further alloying the Sn plating layer of A1
- a steel substrate steel plate
- Ni-plated using a Watt bath Ni-plated using a Watt bath
- a Ni diffusion layer is formed during annealing
- Sn plating was performed using a ferrostan bath, and then a molten tin treatment was performed to prepare a Ni and Sn plated steel sheet having a Sn alloy layer.
- A4 Manufacturing method of steel plate with Ni plating layer
- a steel substrate steel plate with an annealed and regulated thickness of 0.17 to 0.23 mm is degreased and pickled, and then Ni plating is applied to both sides using a watt bath.
- a Ni-plated steel sheet was prepared (A4).
- a steel plate prepared by the above methods (A1) to (A4) is immersed in a treatment solution in which Zr fluoride, phosphoric acid and a phenol resin are dissolved in distilled water. And dried.
- a steel plate prepared by the above methods (A1) to (A4) is immersed in a treatment solution in which Zr fluoride, phosphoric acid and tannic acid are dissolved in distilled water. And dried.
- the amount of metal Zr and the amount of P in the chemical conversion coating layer of each steel plate for containers produced by the above-described method were measured by a quantitative analysis method using fluorescent X-rays.
- the amount of carbon in the chemical conversion coating layer was determined by subtracting the amount of carbon contained in the steel sheet as the background from the value measured by the total carbon content measurement method by gas chromatography.
- the treated surface is observed with an SEM, and the length of the major axis, which is a line segment having the maximum length among the line segments connecting one end and the other end of an arbitrary particle, is represented by a (nm), and one end and the other end of the particle.
- the diameter of the particles in the film included in this example is defined as b (nm), where b (nm) is the length of the short axis, which is the line segment connecting the two and perpendicular to the major axis.
- (nm) a value of ⁇ (a + b) / 2 ⁇ (nm) was obtained.
- the maximum value of ⁇ (a + b) / 2 ⁇ in each example to be described later is 1000 nm or less, and particularly in the example in which the area ratio of the particles A is 20% or less, the maximum value of ⁇ (a + b) / 2 ⁇ . The value was 450 nm.
- the chemical conversion film layer was formed not by electrolytic treatment but by immersion treatment.
- Comparative Examples 1 to 5 corresponding to Examples 1, 8, 34, 50, and 52 of Patent Document 1
- film adhesion was inferior.
- Comparative Examples 6 to 13 when the Zr adhesion amount, the P adhesion amount, the C adhesion amount, and the area ratio of particles having a predetermined size are outside the scope of the present invention, the film adhesion or the appearance The properties were inferior.
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Abstract
Description
本発明者らは、特許文献2および3に記載の容器用鋼板を用いて、ネック部分に関するフィルム密着性について検討を行ったところ、昨今求められているレベルには到達しておらず、更なる改良が必要であることを見出した。
即ち、本発明者らは、上記課題が下記構成により解決されることを見出した。
化成処理皮膜層中の任意の粒子の一端と他端とを結ぶ線分のうち最大の長さを有する線分である長径の長さをa(nm)、粒子の一端と他端とを結ぶ線分であり長径と直交する線分のうち最大の長さを有する線分である短径の長さをb(nm)としたとき、化成処理皮膜層表面に占める(a+b)/2>200(nm)となる粒子の面積比率が0.1~50%であることを特徴とする、容器用鋼板。
(3) 下地ニッケル層は、金属ニッケル量で5mg/m2~150mg/m2のニッケルを含有し、スズめっき層は、金属スズ量で300mg/m2~3000mg/m2のスズを含有し、スズめっきの一部と下地ニッケル層の一部または全部との合金化は、溶融溶錫処理により行われる、(2)の記載の容器用鋼板。
スズめっき層上に化成処理皮膜層が設けられる、(1)に記載の容器用鋼板。
(5) スズめっき層は、金属スズ量で100mg/m2~5600mg/m2のスズを含有する、(4)に記載の容器用鋼板。
ニッケルめっき層上に化成処理皮膜層が設けられる、(1)に記載の容器用鋼板。
(8) 化成処理皮膜層が、ジルコニウム皮膜、リン酸皮膜、および、フェノール樹脂皮膜を含む、(1)~(7)のいずれかに記載の容器用鋼板。
より具体的には、本発明の容器用鋼板は、鋼板の少なくとも片面に、金属ジルコニウム量で0.1~9mg/m2のジルコニウムを含有するジルコニウム皮膜、リン量で0.1~8mg/m2のリン酸を含有するリン酸皮膜、及び炭素量で0.05~8mg/m2のフェノール樹脂を含有するフェノール樹脂皮膜から選択された少なくとも2種以上の皮膜を含む化成処理皮膜層を有する。
まず、容器用鋼板を構成する鋼板および化成処理皮膜層について詳述する。
本発明の容器用鋼板の原板となる鋼板としては、特に規制されるものではなく、通常、容器材料として使用される鋼板を用いることができる。また、この原板の製造方法、材質なども特に規制されるものではなく、通常の鋼片製造工程から熱間圧延、酸洗、冷間圧延、焼鈍、調質圧延等の各工程を経て製造され、鋼板表面に化成処理層やめっき層等の金属表面処理層が設けられていてもよい。表面処理層を付与する方法については、特に制限されるものではなく、例えば、電気めっき法、真空蒸着法、スパッタリング法などの公知の方法を用いることができ、拡散層を付与するための加熱処理を組み合わせてもよい。
以下に、本発明で好適に使用できる下地めっき層について詳述する。
第1に、上記下地めっき層の例として、鋼板表面に施された下地ニッケル層と、この下地ニッケル層上に形成された島状スズめっき層とからなる複合めっき層について説明する。
ここでいう下地ニッケル層とは、鋼板の少なくとも片面に形成されるニッケルを含むめっき層であって、金属ニッケルによる金属ニッケルめっき層である場合、または、鉄-ニッケル合金めっきを施した鉄-ニッケル合金めっき層である場合がある。また、島状スズめっき層は、この下地ニッケル層上にスズめっきを施し、溶融溶錫処理により、下地ニッケル層の一部または全部とスズめっき層の一部が合金化することにより形成される合金めっき層であることが好ましい。ただし、ニッケル単独のめっき層上にスズめっきを施し、溶融溶錫処理を行っても、上記のような島状スズが形成しにくいため、下地ニッケル層としては、鉄-ニッケル合金めっき層を用いることが好ましい。
以下、このようなニッケルめっき層及び島状スズめっき層について詳細に説明する。
第2に、上記下地めっき層の例として、鋼板の少なくとも片面に形成されたスズめっき層(島状スズを含まないスズめっき層)について説明する。
第3に、上記下地めっき層の例として、鋼板の少なくとも片面に形成されたニッケルめっき層について説明する。
ニッケルは高耐食金属であるため、本発明の容器用鋼板のように、鋼板の表面にニッケルをめっきすることにより、耐食性をさらに向上させることができる。また、ニッケルと鉄を合金化させたFe-Ni合金めっき層を設けてもよい。
一方、ニッケルめっき層中のニッケル量が多くなるほど耐食性向上の効果は増加するが、ニッケル量が1000mg/m2を超えると、耐食性向上の効果は飽和するだけでなく、ニッケルは高価な金属であるため、1000mg/m2を超える量のニッケルをめっきすることは経済的にも不利となる。
上記Niめっき層中の金属Ni量およびSnめっき層中の金属Sn量は、例えば、蛍光X線法によって測定することができる。この場合、金属Ni量既知のNi付着量サンプルを用いて、金属Ni量に関する検量線をあらかじめ特定しておき、同検量線を用いて相対的に金属Ni量を特定する。金属Sn量についても同様に、金属Sn量既知のSn付着量サンプルを用いて、金属Sn量に関する検量線をあらかじめ特定しておき、同検量線を用いて相対的に金属Sn量を特定する。
上記鋼板上に、化成処理皮膜層が形成される。化成処理皮膜層は、ジルコニウム皮膜、リン酸皮膜およびフェノール樹脂皮膜のうちの少なくともいずれか2種の皮膜を含む。以下、本発明に係る化成処理皮膜層について詳細に説明する。
本発明の容器用鋼板は、上述したように、鋼板の少なくとも片面に化成処理皮膜層を有している。
この化成処理皮膜層中に含まれる粒子(例えば、化成処理皮膜層がZr成分を含む皮膜である場合は、酸化ジルコニウム、リン酸ジルコニウム等のジルコニウム化合物の粒子)について、任意に選択した粒子の大きさが、その粒子の一端a1と他端a2を結ぶ線分のうち最大の長さを有する線分(以下、「長径」という。)の長さをa(nm)、粒子の一端b1と他端b2を結ぶ線分であり長径と直交する線分のうち最大の長さを有する線分(以下、「短径」という。)の長さをb(nm)としたとき、化成処理皮膜層表面に占める[(a+b)/2]>200(nm)の粒子(以後、適宜粒子Aとも称する)の面積比率が0.1~50%となることが必要である。
なかでも、得られる鋼板のフィルム密着性と色調のバランスの観点から、粒子Aの面積比率は1~20%がより好ましく、1~10%がより好ましい。
また、粒子サイズが大きくなるほど粒子自身の強度が低下するため、皮膜内の凝集破壊が生じやすくなる。そのため、得られる容器用鋼板の有機樹脂密着性がより優れる点で、粒子Aの[(a+b)/2]は、200~300nmであることが好ましい。
また、[(a+b)/2]が200(nm)超である粒子構造を有するジルコニウム皮膜は、詳しくは後述するように、20℃~50℃という温度条件で陰極電解処理を行うことにより得ることができるが、本願発明における長径aの値や短径bの値は、このように電解処理して得た容器用鋼板の表面を走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)にて観察することにより測定することができる。なお、SEMの倍率は30000倍程度とすることが好ましい。具体的には、例えば、容器用鋼板表面のSEM写真上で選択した任意の粒子(目視にて大きさが最大の粒子を含むようにする)の長径a及び短径bを測定し、SEM写真の倍率から換算することにより、長径a及び短径bの実際の値を得ることができる。
本発明の化成処理皮膜層に含まれるジルコニウム皮膜は、耐食性と有機樹脂との密着性(以下、「有機樹脂密着性」という。)を確保するために形成される。
ジルコニウム皮膜は、例えば、酸化ジルコニウム、水酸化ジルコニウム、フッ化ジルコニウム、リン酸ジルコニウム等の1種のジルコニウム化合物からなる皮膜、または、これら2種以上のジルコニウム化合物からなる複合皮膜として形成される。
このようなジルコニウム皮膜は優れた耐食性と有機樹脂密着性を有しているが、本発明者らは、この理由を以下のように考えている。すなわち、耐食性については、ジルコニウム皮膜は、ポリマー状のジルコニウム錯体による三次元架橋体を形成し、この架橋体が有するバリア性により耐食性を発揮するものと考えられる。また、密着性については、ジルコニウム皮膜の内部に存在する水酸基、あるいはリン酸基の水酸基と、鋼板等の金属表面に存在する水酸基とが脱水縮合することで、酸素原子を介して金属表面とジルコニウム皮膜とが共有結合することにより、密着性を発揮するものと考えられる。
従って、本発明の容器用鋼板においては、ジルコニウム皮膜の付着量は、金属ジルコニウム量で0.1mg/m2~9mg/m2とする必要がある。好ましくは、ジルコニウム皮膜の付着量は、金属ジルコニウム量で1mg/m2~8mg/m2である。ジルコニウム皮膜の付着量を1mg/m2~8mg/m2の範囲とすることにより、レトルト後の耐食性が確保できるとともに、微細な付着ムラを低減することができる。
また、上記化成処理皮膜層に含まれるリン酸皮膜は、耐食性と有機樹脂密着性を確保するために形成される。リン酸皮膜は、例えば、下地(鋼板、ニッケルめっき層、スズめっき層、ジルコニウム皮膜、フェノール樹脂皮膜)と反応して形成されるリン酸鉄、リン酸ニッケル、リン酸スズ、リン酸ジルコニウム、リン酸フェノール等の1種のリン酸化合物からなる皮膜、または、これら2種以上のリン酸化合物からなる複合皮膜として形成される。このようなリン酸皮膜は優れた耐食性と有機樹脂密着性を有しているが、本発明者らは、この理由を、リン酸イオンが種々の金属イオンと錯体化し、上述したように三次元架橋体皮膜を形成すること、また、鉄、ニッケル等の金属イオンが溶出(腐食の第一段階)しても、リン酸塩化合物を形成することにより金属イオンが不溶化し、さらなる腐食を低減させる効果を有すること、によるものと考えている。
従って、本発明の容器用鋼板においては、リン酸皮膜の付着量は、リン量で0.1mg/m2~8mg/m2とする必要がある。好ましくは、リン酸皮膜の付着量は、リン量で1mg/m2~6mg/m2である。リン酸皮膜の付着量を1mg/m2~6mg/m2の範囲とすることにより、レトルト後の耐食性が確保できるとともに、微細な付着ムラを低減することができる。
また、上記化成処理皮膜層は、上述したように、フェノール樹脂成分を含むフェノール樹脂皮膜を含んでいてもよい。
従って、本発明の容器用鋼板においては、フェノール樹脂皮膜の付着量は、炭素量で0.05mg/m2~8mg/m2とする必要がある。好ましくは、フェノール樹脂皮膜の付着量は、炭素量で0.1mg/m2~6mg/m2である。フェノール樹脂皮膜の付着量を0.1mg/m2~6mg/m2の範囲とすることにより、微細な付着ムラ(付着による黄変)を低減することができ、かつ、上記フェノール添加効果を充分に発揮することができる。
本発明に係る化成処理皮膜層中に含有される金属ジルコニウム量、リン量は、例えば、蛍光X線分析等の定量分析法により測定することが可能である。また、化成処理皮膜層中の炭素量は、例えば、ガスクロマトグラフィによる全炭素量測定法により測定した値から、鋼板中に含まれる炭素量をバックグラウンドとして差し引くことにより求めることが可能である。
以上、本発明に係る容器用鋼板の構成について説明したが、次に、かかる容器用鋼板を得るための製造方法について詳細に説明する。
本発明の容器用鋼板の製造方法は、鋼板の少なくとも片面に上述したような下地めっき層が形成されためっき鋼板に対して低温陰極電解処理を行い、上記下地めっき層上に、上述したような化成処理皮膜層を形成するものである。このような化成処理皮膜を形成する方法としては、例えば、ジルコニウムイオンやリン酸イオンや低分子のフェノール樹脂等を溶解させた酸性溶液中に鋼板を浸漬する方法や、このような酸性溶液を用いて陰極電解処理を行う方法などがある。
陰極電解処理により上記化成処理皮膜層を形成するためには、上述した化成処理皮膜層に含まれるジルコニウム皮膜、リン酸皮膜、フェノール樹脂皮膜のうちの形成したい皮膜の種類に応じて、電解処理に用いる化成処理液中の成分を決めることが必要である。具体的には、ジルコニウム皮膜のみを含む化成処理皮膜層を形成したい場合には、化成処理液として、酸性溶液中にジルコニウムイオンを100質量ppm~7500質量ppm含有させたものを用いればよく、ジルコニウム皮膜及びリン酸皮膜を含む化成処理皮膜層を形成したい場合には、化成処理液として、酸性溶液中にジルコニウムイオンを100質量ppm~7500質量ppmとリン酸イオンを50質量ppm~5000質量ppm含有させたものを用いればよく、ジルコニウム皮膜、リン酸皮膜及びフェノール樹脂皮膜を含む化成処理皮膜層を形成したい場合には、化成処理液として、酸性溶液中にジルコニウムイオンを100質量ppm~7500質量ppmとリン酸イオンを50質量ppm~5000質量ppmと質量平均分子量が5000程度である低分子量のフェノール樹脂を10質量ppm~1500質量ppm含有させたものを用いればよい。
本発明の化成処理皮膜層を形成するための陰極電解処理は、化成処理液の温度(浴温)が20℃~50℃という条件下で、通電、無通電を繰り返すことで断続的に行われることが好ましい。なかでも、40~50℃の条件が好ましい。
通電する時間が合計で0.5秒未満の場合には、粒状析出物の成長が起こりにくく、目標の粒径分布の皮膜の形成が困難となる。一方、通電時間が10秒を超える場合には、皮膜付着量が所要量を超え、かつ、付着量が飽和してしまうこととなり、場合によっては、電解化成処理後の水洗等による洗浄工程で付着が不十分な皮膜が洗い流される(剥離する)など、経済的ではなく、また、化成処理液の温度の上昇を招き、上述した低温陰極電解処理の温度条件を維持するために化成処理液の冷却という余分な処理が必要となる場合がある。
まず、以下に示す方法で、化成処理皮膜層を形成させる鋼板を作製した。
(A1:Niめっき層およびSnめっき層を有する鋼板の製造方法)
冷間圧延後、焼鈍及び調圧された厚さが0.17~0.23mmの鋼基材(鋼板)を、脱脂及び酸洗した後、ワット浴を用いてNiめっきを施し、引き続き、フェロスタン浴を用いてSnめっきを施し、その後、溶融溶錫処理を行い、Sn合金層を有するNi、Snめっき鋼板を作製した。
冷間圧延後、焼鈍及び調圧した厚さが0.17~0.23mmの鋼基材(鋼板)を、脱脂及び酸洗した後、フェロスタン浴を用いてSnめっきを施し、その後、溶融溶錫処理を行い、Sn合金層を有する複合めっき鋼板を作製した。
冷間圧延後、厚さが0.17~0.23mmの鋼基材(鋼板)を、脱脂及び酸洗した後、ワット浴を用いてNiめっきを施し、焼鈍時にNi拡散層を形成させ、脱脂、酸洗後、フェロスタン浴を用いてSnめっきを施し、その後、溶融溶錫処理を行い、Sn合金層を有するNi、Snめっき鋼板を作製した。
冷間圧延後、焼鈍及び調圧した厚さが0.17~0.23mmの鋼基材(鋼板)を、脱脂及び酸洗した後、その両面に、ワット浴を使用してNiめっきを施し、Niめっき鋼板を作製した(A4)。
次に、上述の方法で作製した各容器用鋼板を試験材とし、これら実施例及び比較例の試験材について、フィルム密着性、外観、耐食性の各性能を評価した。以下、その具体的な評価方法及び評価基準について説明する。
実施例及び比較例の各試験材の両面に、厚さが20μmのPETフィルムを200℃でラミネートした後、絞りしごき加工を行って缶体を作製し、この缶体に対してネッキング加工を施し、この缶体をさらに水没させて130℃で60分間のレトルト処理を行い、缶のネック部分のフィルムの剥離状況で評価した。
その結果、剥離が全くなかったものを◎、実用上問題が無い程度の極僅かな剥離が生じていたものを○、部分的に剥離が生じて実用上問題があるものを△、大部分で剥離が生じていたものを×とした。結果を表3にまとめて示す。
実用上、「○」「◎」であることが必要である。
実施例及び比較例の各試験材を目視で観察し、実用上十分に明るい色調で、化成処理皮膜層に黒色のムラが全くなかったものを◎、実用上問題がない程度の明るさで、極僅かな黒色のムラがあったものを○、僅かな黒色ムラが発生し、実用上問題がある暗さを呈するものを△、著しく暗く、黒色のムラが発生していたものを×とした。結果を表3にまとめて示す。
実用上、「○」「◎」であることが必要である。
なお、通電を複数回行う場合の無通電時間は、0.5秒であった。
また、SEM観察写真(10μm×10μm)より、化成処理皮膜層表面における{(a+b)/2}>200nmの粒子が占める面積比率を求めた。
なお、後述する各実施例における{(a+b)/2}の最大値は、1000nm以下であり、特に、粒子Aの面積率が20%以下の実施例においては{(a+b)/2}の最大値は450nmであった。
実施例の各試験材の一方の面に、エポキシ-フェノール樹脂を塗布した後、200℃の温度条件下で30分間保持することにより焼付を行った。そして、この樹脂を塗布した部分に鋼基材に達する深さのクロスカットを入れたものを、クエン酸(1.5質量%)-食塩(1.5質量%)の混合液からなる試験液に、45℃の温度条件下で72時間浸漬し、洗浄及び乾燥した後、テープ剥離試験を行い、クロスカット部における塗膜(エポキシ-フェノール樹脂膜)の下の腐食状況及び平板部の腐食状況で評価した。
その結果、各実施例においては、塗膜の下で腐食が認められず、優れた耐食性を有することが確認された。
特に、鋼板の処理法がA1、A3およびA4においては、面積率が1~20%にて、より優れたフィルム密着性を示した。また、面積率が10%以下の場合は、より優れた外観特性を示した。
また、比較例6~13に示すように、Zr付着量、P付着量、C付着量、及び、所定の大きさを有する粒子の面積率が本発明の範囲外の場合、フィルム密着性または外観特性に劣っていた。
Claims (8)
- 鋼板の少なくとも片面に、金属ジルコニウム量で0.1~9mg/m2のジルコニウムを含有するジルコニウム皮膜、リン量で0.1~8mg/m2のリン酸を含有するリン酸皮膜、及び炭素量で0.05~8mg/m2のフェノール樹脂を含有するフェノール樹脂皮膜から選択された少なくとも2種以上の皮膜を含む化成処理皮膜層を有し、
前記化成処理皮膜層中の任意の粒子の一端と他端とを結ぶ線分のうち最大の長さを有する線分である長径の長さをa(nm)、前記粒子の一端と他端とを結ぶ線分であり前記長径と直交する線分のうち最大の長さを有する線分である短径の長さをb(nm)としたとき、化成処理皮膜層表面に占める{(a+b)/2}>200(nm)となる粒子の面積比率が0.1~50%であることを特徴とする、容器用鋼板。 - 前記鋼板が、鋼板表面にニッケルめっきまたは鉄-ニッケル合金めっきを施した下地ニッケル層が形成され、前記下地ニッケル層上に施されたスズめっきの一部と前記下地ニッケル層の一部または全部とが合金化された島状スズを含むスズめっき層が形成されためっき鋼板である、請求項1に記載の容器用鋼板。
- 前記下地ニッケル層は、金属ニッケル量で5mg/m2~150mg/m2のニッケルを含有し、前記スズめっき層は、金属スズ量で300mg/m2~3000mg/m2のスズを含有し、前記スズめっきの一部と前記下地ニッケル層の一部または全部との合金化は、溶融溶錫処理により行われる、請求項2の記載の容器用鋼板。
- 前記鋼板が少なくとも片面にスズめっき層を有し、
前記スズめっき層上に前記化成処理皮膜層が設けられる、請求項1に記載の容器用鋼板。 - 前記スズめっき層は、金属スズ量で100mg/m2~5600mg/m2のスズを含有する、請求項4に記載の容器用鋼板。
- 前記鋼板が少なくとも片面に、金属ニッケル量で10mg/m2~1000mg/m2のニッケルを含有するニッケルめっき層を有し、
前記ニッケルめっき層上に前記化成処理皮膜層が設けられる、請求項1に記載の容器用鋼板。 - 前記化成処理皮膜層が、少なくとも前記ジルコニウム皮膜を含む、請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の容器用鋼板。
- 前記化成処理皮膜層が、前記ジルコニウム皮膜、前記リン酸皮膜、および、前記フェノール樹脂皮膜を含む、請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の容器用鋼板。
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US20180010259A1 (en) * | 2015-01-26 | 2018-01-11 | Toyo Kohan Co., Ltd. | Surface-treated steel sheet, metal container, and method for producing surface-treated steel sheet |
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TWI565810B (zh) * | 2015-06-23 | 2017-01-11 | 新日鐵住金股份有限公司 | 容器用鋼板及容器用鋼板之製造方法 |
WO2016207967A1 (ja) * | 2015-06-23 | 2016-12-29 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 容器用鋼板及び容器用鋼板の製造方法 |
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KR20190043155A (ko) | 2016-08-24 | 2019-04-25 | 피피지 인더스트리즈 오하이오 인코포레이티드 | 금속 기판을 처리하기 위한 알칼리성 조성물 |
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