WO2012033132A1 - Condenseur de lumière, système photovoltaïque et convertisseur photothermique - Google Patents

Condenseur de lumière, système photovoltaïque et convertisseur photothermique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012033132A1
WO2012033132A1 PCT/JP2011/070387 JP2011070387W WO2012033132A1 WO 2012033132 A1 WO2012033132 A1 WO 2012033132A1 JP 2011070387 W JP2011070387 W JP 2011070387W WO 2012033132 A1 WO2012033132 A1 WO 2012033132A1
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Prior art keywords
condensing
light
incident
optical structure
optical
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PCT/JP2011/070387
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
和歌奈 内田
達雄 丹羽
達也 千賀
晋 森
彰平 藤原
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株式会社ニコン
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Priority to JP2012533007A priority Critical patent/JPWO2012033132A1/ja
Publication of WO2012033132A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012033132A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
    • G02B19/0033—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use
    • G02B19/0038—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with ambient light
    • G02B19/0042—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with ambient light for use with direct solar radiation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
    • G02B19/0004—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed
    • G02B19/0028—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed refractive and reflective surfaces, e.g. non-imaging catadioptric systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
    • G02B19/0033—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use
    • G02B19/0076—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a detector
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators

Definitions

  • Solar cells that convert light energy into electrical energy are classified into silicon-based, compound-based, organic-based, dye-sensitized systems, etc., according to the material classification for photoelectric conversion.
  • a typical solar cell composed of such materials has a conversion efficiency from light energy to electric power of about 10 to 20%.
  • the solar radiation spectrum range is divided into multiple wavelength bands, and multiple semiconductor layers with optimal band gaps for photoelectric conversion of light in each wavelength band are stacked to convert light energy to power Multi-junction type (also referred to as tandem type, stacked type, etc.) solar cells with improved efficiency up to about 40% have been developed.
  • a concentrating solar cell module has been devised that condenses and enters sunlight into a small cell to reduce costs and to perform solar power generation with high efficiency.
  • a lens condensing type that condenses sunlight with a Fresnel lens or a reflecting mirror and directly enters the solar cell (see Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2), and fluorescent particles are dispersed in sunlight.
  • Fluorescent plate condensing type (refer to Patent Document 3), which enters the fluorescent plate and directs the fluorescent light generated in the plate to the side of the plate and condenses it, and the plate is sandwiched between the hologram film and solar cells.
  • a spectral condensing type (see Patent Document 4) that guides light diffracted by a hologram film to a solar cell has been proposed.
  • This invention is made
  • a first aspect exemplifying the present invention is a condensing device, which includes a condensing lens and a condensing optical element that is formed of a transparent member and that condenses incident light after being collected by the condensing lens.
  • the condensing optical element has an upper surface that transmits incident light, a lower surface that extends opposite to the upper surface, and a reflective surface that is recessed in the lower surface and extends toward the upper surface (for example, the condensing reflection surface 35 in the embodiment).
  • An optical structure that reflects incident light and an output surface that connects the upper surface and the lower surface to face the reflection surface, and the reflected light that is incident from the upper surface via the condenser lens and reflected by the reflection surface is reflected on the output surface.
  • a surface on which incident light is incident is referred to as an “upper surface”, and a surface extending opposite to the upper surface is referred to as a “lower surface”.
  • the position is arbitrary depending on the incident direction and the like, and does not define the position or orientation.
  • the reflecting surface is preferably formed in a curved surface shape that suppresses the divergence angle after reflection of incident light incident at a predetermined convergence angle or divergence angle by the condenser lens. Further, it is preferable that the reflecting surface is set so that the minimum incident angle of a light beam incident at a predetermined focusing angle or diverging angle by the condenser lens is equal to or greater than the total reflection critical angle on the reflecting surface.
  • the numerical aperture (NA) of the condensing lens is set so that the minimum incident angle of light incident at a predetermined converging angle or divergence angle by the condensing lens is equal to or greater than the total reflection critical angle on the reflecting surface. It is preferable.
  • the refractive index of the condensing optical element is preferably set so that the minimum incident angle of light incident at a predetermined focusing angle or divergence angle by the condensing lens is equal to or greater than the total reflection critical angle on the reflecting surface.
  • the condensing lens and the condensing optical element are preferably arranged so that incident light condensed by the condensing lens is focused below or above the vicinity of the reflecting surface.
  • the condensing optical element has a plurality of optical structures provided corresponding to the respective condensing lenses and is integrally formed.
  • the reflected light reflected by the reflecting surface of the first optical structure is not shielded by the second optical structure formed on the exit surface side adjacent to the first optical structure. It is preferable to configure so as to face the exit surface.
  • the condensing optical element has a side surface of the second optical structure in which the reflected light reflected by the reflecting surface of the first optical structure is formed on the exit surface side adjacent to the first optical structure. It is preferably configured to propagate through. Further, the condensing optical element is configured so that the reflected light reflected by the reflecting surface of the first optical structure and the reflected light reflected by the reflecting surface of the second optical structure are adjacent to the second optical structure. It is preferable that the third optical structure formed on the emission surface side propagates through the side on the same side.
  • the condensing optical element is configured so that the reflected light reflected by the reflecting surface of the first optical structure and the reflected light reflected by the reflecting surface of the second optical structure are adjacent to the second optical structure. It is preferable that the third optical structure formed on the emission surface side is propagated through the opposite side with the third optical structure interposed therebetween. Further, the condensing optical element passes reflected light reflected by the reflecting surface of the first optical structure above the second optical structure formed on the exit surface side adjacent to the first optical structure. It is preferably configured to propagate. Moreover, these can also be combined.
  • the condensing optical element is preferably formed in a plate shape or a sheet shape in which the size in the direction connecting the reflecting surface and the exit surface is sufficiently larger than the size in the thickness direction connecting the upper surface and the lower surface.
  • a second embodiment illustrating the present invention is a photovoltaic device.
  • the photovoltaic device according to this aspect includes the light collecting device according to the first aspect and a photoelectric conversion element that photoelectrically converts light guided to the emission surface by the light collecting device.
  • the condensing device is configured such that reflected light that is incident from the upper surface via a condensing lens and whose spread angle is suppressed by the reflecting surface is guided to the emitting surface. Therefore, according to the condensing apparatus of such an aspect, the new condensing means which can utilize optical energy, such as sunlight efficiently, can be provided.
  • FIG. 1 is an external perspective view of a photovoltaic device illustrating an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram for explaining the principle of the condensing device in the photovoltaic device.
  • FIG. 3 is an explanatory view (side view) for explaining the relationship between incident light collected and incident by a condensing lens in the condensing device and a condensing reflection surface of the optical structure.
  • FIG. 4 shows simulation data when the incident parameters are changed.
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the condensing optical element as viewed obliquely from above.
  • FIG. 6A is an enlarged perspective view of an optical structure in the condensing optical element.
  • FIG. 1 is an external perspective view of a photovoltaic device illustrating an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram for explaining the principle of the condensing device in the photovoltaic device.
  • FIG. 3 is an explanatory view (side view) for explaining the relationship between incident
  • FIG. 6B is a conceptual diagram showing an orientation configuration of reflected light by the condensing optical element of the first configuration example in the lateral-pass type condensing optical element in the condensing optical element.
  • FIG. 6C is a conceptual diagram showing an orientation configuration of reflected light by the condensing optical element of the second configuration example in the condensing optical element.
  • FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram illustrating the configuration of a vertical path type condensing optical element.
  • FIG. 8A, FIG. 8B, and FIG. 8C are each a condensing optical element in a state where a plurality of optical structures formed along the x axis are not rotated about the z axis. It is the simulation result which traced the light guide state by a unit optical structure.
  • FIG. 8A, FIG. 8B, and FIG. 8C are each a condensing optical element in a state where a plurality of optical structures formed along the x axis are not rotated about the z
  • FIG. 10D shows a plurality of optical elements for one row in a horizontal path type condensing optical element in which a plurality of optical structures formed along the x axis are rotated by a minute angle around the z axis. It is the simulation result which ray-traced the light guide state by a structure.
  • FIG. 11 shows a simulation result obtained by tracing the light guide state of the entire optical structure in the horizontal path type condensing optical element.
  • FIG. 12 is a table showing the relationship between the wavelength and the refractive index in PMMA.
  • FIG. 13 is a graph showing the radiation spectrum distribution of sunlight.
  • FIG. 14 shows a simulation result obtained by tracing the light guide state by the unit optical structure in the vertical path type condensing optical element.
  • FIG. 1 shows an external perspective view of a photovoltaic power generator PVS illustrating an embodiment of the present invention. Moreover, the conceptual diagram for demonstrating the principle of the condensing apparatus 1 in the photovoltaic device PVS is shown in FIG. In order to clarify the explanation, a coordinate system composed of an x-axis, a y-axis and a z-axis orthogonal to each other is defined, and this is shown in FIG.
  • the z-axis is an axis extending in the thickness direction of the light collecting device 1 in the photovoltaic device PVS
  • the x-axis is an axis extending in the direction in which light is collected and led out by the light collecting device 1
  • the y-axis is these two axes. Is an axis extending in a direction perpendicular to the axis.
  • the orientation shown in FIG. 2 is sometimes referred to as up, down, left, and right, but the orientation of the photovoltaic device PVS is arbitrary according to the incident direction of light, and does not define the position or orientation.
  • the photovoltaic device PVS includes a condensing device 1 that condenses incident light, and a photoelectric conversion element 5 that photoelectrically converts light collected by the condensing device 1 and guided to an end.
  • the condensing device 1 includes a condensing lens 10 that condenses light (for example, sunlight) incident from above, and a condensing optical element that is formed of a transparent member and guides incident light that is collected by the condensing lens 10 and incident. 20.
  • the condensing lens 10 and the condensing optical element 20 are each manufactured using, for example, an inorganic material such as optical glass or a resin material such as PMMA.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram for explaining the basic configuration of the condensing device 1.
  • Light collected by the condensing lens 10 and incident on the condensing optical element 20 is formed inside the condensing optical element.
  • a state in which the light is reflected by the condensing reflection surface 35 of the optical structure 30 and propagates in the element is schematically illustrated.
  • the condensing optical element 20 is provided with an upper surface 22 that transmits incident light that is collected by the condensing lens 10 and is incident on the base material 21, a lower surface 23 that extends in parallel to face the upper surface, and is recessed in the lower surface 23.
  • An optical structure 30 having a condensing reflection surface 35 extending toward the upper surface and reflecting incident light, and an emission surface 25 connecting the upper and lower surfaces and facing the condensing reflection surface are configured.
  • the condensing optical element 20 is configured by forming an optical structure 30 on the lower surface of a transparent plate-like or sheet-like base material 21.
  • the condensing reflection surface 35 is formed in a curved surface shape that suppresses the spread angle after reflection of incident light incident at a predetermined convergence angle or divergence angle by the condensing lens 10.
  • Incident light incident on the condensing / reflecting surface 35 is the focal length f and effective diameter R of the condensing lens 10, the refractive index n of the base material 21, and the positional relationship between the condensing / reflecting surface 35 and the focal position of the condensing lens 10. Incident light is incident at a predetermined convergence angle or divergence angle determined by the above.
  • the focal position of the condensing lens 10 having a diameter R and a focal length f is the origin of the coordinate position (0, 0, 0), and the radius of curvature r that forms the condensing reflection surface 35 with respect to this origin.
  • the condensing optical element 20 having a thickness d on which the optical structure 30 having a height t is formed is disposed at a height h from the focal position so that the spherical center position of the sphere is (x, y, z). Indicates the state.
  • the minimum incident angle of the light ray incident on the converging reflection surface 35 is set to be equal to or greater than the total reflection critical angle by parameters (hereinafter referred to as “incident parameters”) such as the position of the heart (x, y, z)).
  • the refractive index n of the base material 21 and the numerical aperture NA of the condenser lens 10 are set to predetermined values, and the minimum incident angle of light incident at a predetermined focusing angle by the condenser lens 10 is
  • the position shape of the condensing reflection surface 35 can be set so as to be equal to or greater than the total reflection critical angle.
  • the incident parameters such as the position shape of the condensing reflection surface 35, the numerical aperture NA of the condensing lens 10 and the refractive index n of the condensing optical element 20 are totally reflected on the condensing reflection surface 35, the upper surface 22 and the lower surface 23. It is set to satisfy the conditions.
  • a ray tracing simulation was performed under the following common conditions. This is a condition example when sunlight is collected by the light collecting device 1.
  • the wavelength of light incident on the condenser lens 10: ⁇ 350-1100 nm (see FIG. 13)
  • Refractive index of the base material 21: n 1.48 to 1.51 (see FIG. 12)
  • -Base material 21 thickness: d 1.0 mm
  • the inventors performed a simulation similar to the above by changing the radius of curvature r of the spherical surface of the condensing / reflecting surface 35 within a range of 1 to 30 mm.
  • the total light amount of light emitted from the exit surface 25 is 100 when the total light amount of incident light incident on the condensing optical element 20 is 100.
  • the light condensing is performed as in the above example. Incident light condensed and incident on the condensing optical element 20 via the lens 10 is totally reflected by the condensing reflection surface 35, the upper surface 22 and the lower surface 23, and is emitted from the emission surface 25 with a narrow spreading width.
  • the exit surface 25 has an end surface polished and anti-reflection (AR) coated so that light that has propagated through the condensing optical element 20 and entered the exit surface 25 is not reflected by the exit surface 25. The light exits and enters the photoelectric conversion element 5. Therefore, the efficiency of confining light in the condensing optical element 20 is high, and the condensing optical element 20 that condenses light on the exit surface 25 with high condensing efficiency can be obtained.
  • the refractive index n of the substrate 21 generally varies depending on the wavelength ⁇ of the transmitted light. Therefore, when the wavelength ⁇ of the light to be collected has a width, the focal position of the light on the short wavelength side and the focal position of the light on the long wavelength side are generally different, and the focal position is wide in the wavelength band. It has a corresponding width.
  • the beam spot diameter (diagonal) of incident light incident on the condensing reflection surface 35 is set to be about 0.71 to 1.5 mm.
  • the width and height of the condensing reflection surface 35 can be reduced, and thereby the thickness of the condensing optical element 20 can be minimized.
  • the spot size can be set to the minimum value by adjusting the focal position of the incident light directly above the condensing reflection surface 35. You may comprise so that it may defocus suitably according to the power density etc. of the incident light in a focus position.
  • the condensing / reflecting surface 35 may be a concave curved surface above a part of a sphere having a radius of curvature r.
  • the configuration in which the condensing / reflecting surface 35 is a spherical surface is shown, but the condensing / reflecting surface 35 may be an aspherical surface in order to suppress various aberrations.
  • the condensing / reflecting surface 35 Although the total reflection structure using the refractive index difference has been described on the condensing / reflecting surface 35, incident light is reflected on the condensing / reflecting surface 35 as a mirror on which a metal such as Au, Ag, or Al is deposited. You can also In addition, when the light incident on the condensing lens 10 is a single-wavelength parallel light, the converging light or the diverging light incident on the condensing reflection surface 35 may be collimated to the parallel light.
  • the configuration of the condensing device 1 can be simplified.
  • the condensing device 1 includes one lens array composed of m rows ⁇ n columns of condensing lenses 10 and one condensing optical element 20 having an optical structure 30 of m rows ⁇ n columns corresponding thereto. If it comprises, production cost, assembly cost, adjustment cost, etc. can be reduced significantly.
  • the lens array of the condensing lens 10 and the condensing optical element 20 can be configured by hot press molding using a low melting point glass or injection molding of a resin such as PMMA, for example, with good productivity and low cost. Can be produced.
  • the condensing optical element 20 (20S, 20V) having the configuration exemplified below has a first optical structure 30 when the first optical structure, the second optical structure, the third optical structure,.
  • the reflected light reflected by the reflecting surface of the optical structure is directed to the emitting surface 25 without being shielded by the second optical structure formed on the emitting surface side adjacent to the first optical structure. .
  • the reflected light reflected by the reflecting surface of the first optical structure is formed on the exit surface side adjacent to the first optical structure. Configured to propagate through the sides of the second optical structure.
  • a lateral path method such an alignment method of reflected light is referred to as a “lateral path method” for convenience.
  • FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of the condensing optical element 20S of the first configuration form as viewed obliquely from above.
  • 6A is an enlarged perspective view of the optical structure in the present configuration
  • FIG. 6B is an orientation configuration of reflected light by the condensing optical element 20S 1 in the first configuration example in the present configuration (in plan view).
  • conceptual diagram) showing the orientation structure of the reflected light by the condensing optical element 20S 2 of the second configuration example of the present configuration mode (plan view schematic diagram) in FIG. 6 (c).
  • the optical structure 30 of 10 rows ⁇ 10 columns (B1 to B10 rows ⁇ A1 to A10 columns) corresponding to the condenser lens is provided on the lower surface side of the base material 21.
  • the form formed in the matrix form is illustrated, and each optical structure 30 which permeate
  • the first configuration example light-converging optical element 20S 1 of contained laterally path scheme for example, B5 each optical structure of rows 30, 30, ... of the alignment direction of the light reflected by, as shown in FIG. 6 (b), A1 columns
  • the reflection light reflected by the reflection surface of the first optical structure 30 and the reflection light reflected by the reflection surface of the second optical structure 30 in the A2 row are adjacent to the second optical structure and are emitted from the emission surface.
  • the third optical structure 30 of the A3 row formed on the 25th side is configured to propagate through the side of the same side (upper side in the drawing).
  • the optical structure 30 shown in FIG. 6A is formed in a state where each optical structure 30 is rotated in the same direction around the z axis by a minute angle ⁇ , and the reflected light reflected by each condensing reflection surface 35 is reflected.
  • the light can be emitted from the emission surface 25 with a slight angle ⁇ with respect to the x-axis.
  • the minute angle ⁇ can be set based on the spread angle of the reflected light reflected by the condensing reflection surface 35 and the arrangement pitch of the adjacent optical structures.
  • FIG. 6B shows a configuration example in which the B1 to B10 rows and the A1 to A10 columns are formed in a square matrix shape orthogonal to each other, but the B1 to B10 rows are inclined by a minute angle ⁇ (for example, FIG. 6B ), The right end side of lines B1 to B10 is inclined by a small angle ⁇ ), and the reflected light reflected by each condensing reflection surface 35 is emitted from the emission surface 25 along the x axis. May be.
  • Condensing optical element 20S 2 of the second example of the configuration included in the horizontal path scheme for example, B5 each optical structure of rows 30, 30, ... of the alignment direction of the light reflected by, as shown in FIG. 6 (c), A1 columns
  • the reflection light reflected by the reflection surface of the first optical structure 30 and the reflection light reflected by the reflection surface of the second optical structure 30 in the A2 row are adjacent to the second optical structure and are emitted from the emission surface.
  • the third optical structure 30 of the A3 row formed on the 25th side is sandwiched between the opposite sides (upper side and lower side in the figure) so as to propagate through the side.
  • the optical structure 30 shown in FIG. 6A is formed in a state in which the optical structure 30 is sequentially rotated around the z axis by a minute angle ⁇ in the opposite direction, and the reflected light reflected by each condensing reflection surface 35 is reflected.
  • the light can be emitted from the emission surface 25 with a slight angle ⁇ inclined across the x axis.
  • the minute angle ⁇ can be set based on the spread angle of the reflected light reflected by the condensing reflection surface 35 and the arrangement pitch of the adjacent optical structures, similarly to the minute angle ⁇ described above.
  • the pitch between adjacent rows can be reduced.
  • a large number of optical structures 30, 30,... are integrally formed on the base material 21, and spread angles are respectively formed by the condensing reflection surfaces 35, 35,.
  • the reflected light in which is suppressed is guided to the exit surface 25 through the side without being blocked by the adjacent optical structure. For this reason, a thin condensing optical element with high condensing efficiency can be obtained.
  • FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram of an xz cross section as seen from the y-axis direction for an arbitrary row in a condensing optical element 20V in which a plurality of optical structures 30, 30... .
  • the condensing optical element 20V of the second configuration form is a second optical device in which the reflected light reflected by the reflecting surface of the first optical structure 30 is formed on the exit surface 25 side adjacent to the first optical structure. It is configured to propagate over the structure 30.
  • a longitudinal path method such an alignment method of reflected light is referred to as a “longitudinal path method” for convenience.
  • the reflected light which is reflected by the converging reflection surface 35 of the first optical structure 30 and whose divergence angle is suppressed, is totally totally reflected by the lower surface 23 and the upper surface 22 and propagates to the emission surface 25. It is configured to propagate in the direction of the exit surface through the second optical structure 30 adjacent to the side.
  • the optical structure 30 is propagated in a reduced manner and the like, and it may be set as appropriate according to the number of columns and arrangement pitch of the optical structures 30, the spread angle of the reflected light by the condensing reflection surface 35, the thickness of the condensing optical element 20V, and the like. it can.
  • a large number of optical structures 30, 30,... are integrally formed on the base material 21, and are spread by condensing reflection surfaces 35, 35,.
  • the reflected light whose angle is suppressed is guided to the exit surface 25 through the upper side without being shielded by the adjacent optical structure. For this reason, the condensing optical element with high condensing efficiency with a simple structure can be obtained.
  • the condensing optical element may be configured by appropriately combining the horizontal path method and the vertical path method described above. Further, the radius of curvature of the condensing reflection surface 35 may be different depending on the formation position (for example, column position, row position, etc.) of the optical structure 30 in the condensing optical element 20.
  • 6 is a simulation result in which the light collecting optical element 20 having the optical structure 30 formed thereon is subjected to ray tracing by entering sunlight having a wavelength of 350 to 1100 nm under the following common conditions.
  • the refractive index of PMMA was obtained by linearly interpolating the values in the table shown in FIG. 12, and the spectral density of incident light was as shown in FIG. 13 based on the sunlight spectrum.
  • the diameter of the condenser lens 10: R 10 mm
  • LA Curvature radius of the spherical surface forming the condensing reflection surface 35: r 8 mm
  • FIG. 9 show the result of ray tracing simulation for the condensing optical element formed so that each optical structure 30 is not rotated around the z axis with respect to the optical structures 30, 30,... Formed along the x axis.
  • FIG. 10 (a), (b), and (c) show the rays incident on the optical structure 30 at the respective column positions A1, A6, and A10.
  • FIG. 8D and FIG. 10D are simulation results obtained by tracking all rays incident on all the optical structures 30, 30,... A1 to A10, respectively.
  • FIG. 9 and FIG. 11 show the result of ray tracing simulation when sunlight is condensed and incident on all 100 optical structures 30 of 10 rows ⁇ 10 columns.
  • 9 (a) and 11 (a) are the results of ray tracing simulation in side view, respectively.
  • 9 (b) and 11 (b) are simulation results of ray tracing in plan view, respectively, and
  • FIGS. 9 (c) and 11 (c) are outgoing rays with respect to the y-axis direction position of the outgoing surface 25, respectively. It is the simulation result which plotted distribution of the number of light beams.
  • the ratio of the number of light beams reaching the exit surface 25 is higher in the downstream row closer to the exit surface 25 (the column number is larger) and lower in the upstream row farther from the exit surface 25 (the row number is smaller). I understand that.
  • the incident light that has entered the condensing reflection surface of the optical structure 30 in the A10 row has a total amount of incident light from the emission surface 25 regardless of whether or not the optical structure 30 is rotated in the z-axis direction. Exit. This is because there is no other optical structure 30 on the downstream side (outgoing surface side) from the A10 row.
  • another optical structure 30 is present on the exit surface 25 side of the optical structure in the row, such as the A6 row or the A1 row, incident light incident on the condensing reflection surface 35 is emitted from the exit surface 25.
  • the percentage of This is because a part of the reflected light reflected by the condensing reflection surface of the optical structure of each column enters the other optical structure 30 existing on the downstream side (outgoing surface side), and the light is collected from the condensing optical element 20 to the outside. This is considered to be due to emission (leakage).
  • FIG. 8 (b) and FIG. 10 (b) relating to the optical structure 30 in the A6 row are compared
  • the total light amount of sunlight incident on the optical element is 100
  • the total amount of light emitted from the emission surface 25 is the case of the condensing optical element arranged without rotating the optical structure 30 about the z axis.
  • Is 91.0 that is, the light collection efficiency is 91.0%
  • the light collection efficiency of the entire 10 ⁇ 10 condensing optical element is the concentration of the optical structures 30 arranged without rotating around the z axis.
  • the light condensing efficiency is 91.3%
  • the light converging optical element arranged with the optical structure 30 rotated by a minute angle ⁇ 2.86 degrees around the z-axis.
  • the light collection efficiency is 94.7%.
  • the light incident on the condenser lens 10 is uniformly distributed in a range of ⁇ 0.5 degrees (angle width ⁇ 0.5 degrees) with respect to the optical axis LA.
  • the light collection efficiency of the structure of FIG. 8D was 83.5%
  • the light collection efficiency of the structure of FIG. 10D was 86.2%.
  • the condensing optical element in which a plurality of optical structures 30 are provided in the direction of the exit surface 25 (x-axis direction), the reflection reflected by the converging reflection surface 35 of the optical structure of each row with its divergence angle being suppressed. It is understood that the light collection efficiency of the light collection optical element 20 is improved by adopting a lateral path method in which light is directed to the exit surface through the side of the adjacent optical structure 30.
  • the optical element 20V is a simulation result in which sunlight having a wavelength of 350 to 1100 nm is incident on the optical structure 30 of [B5 row, A1 column] and traced under the following conditions.
  • the refractive index and incident wavelength of PMMA are the same as those in the above-described embodiment (see FIGS. 12 and 13).
  • FIG. 14A is a cross-sectional view of the xz plane when the condensing optical element 20V is viewed from the y-axis direction
  • FIG. 14B is a plane of the xy plane when the condensing optical element 20V is viewed from the z-axis direction.
  • FIG. 14 (a) the formation positions of the optical structures 30, 30,... In the A1 to A10 rows are indicated by arrows, and among the reflected light in the A1 row that propagates toward the emission surface 25 while spreading in the y-axis direction.
  • the rows of optical structures that block the central reflected light along the x-axis are indicated by white arrows.
  • the reflecting surface of the optical structure on which the focused light is incident is a flat surface, and the optical structure of [B5 row, A1 column] is focused and incident at substantially the same optical axis incident angle.
  • the simulation results are shown in FIGS. 15 (a) and 15 (b).
  • Conditions such as the focal length f of the condenser lens 10, the diameter R of the condenser lens 10, the refractive index n of the base material 21, the wavelength ⁇ and the angular width of incident light are the same as those in FIG. 14.
  • the reflection surface had an inclination angle of 49 degrees and a projection shape onto the lower surface 23 of 1 mm ⁇ 2 mm.
  • Example 1 the light collection efficiency when the number of optical structures is one is almost 100%, and when the number of optical structures is 10 (one row), the light is condensed on all the optical structures by a 1 ⁇ 10 lens array.
  • the light condensing efficiency was 99.0%.
  • the light collection efficiencies were 91.4% and 89.8% when the angle width of the incident light was ⁇ 0.5 degrees, respectively.
  • Example 2 the light collection efficiency when the number of optical structures is one is almost 100%, and when the number of optical structures is 10 (one row), the light is condensed on all the optical structures by a 1 ⁇ 10 lens array. In this case, the light collection efficiency was 94.5%. Further, the light collection efficiencies when the angle width of the incident light was ⁇ 0.5 degrees were 97.6% and 90.1%, respectively.
  • the light collection efficiency when the light is condensed on all the optical structures by the 1 ⁇ 10 lens array is higher in the curved surface than in the case where the reflection surface is a flat surface. This is because, in the case where the reflecting surface 35 is a curved surface as compared to a flat surface, the reflected light at the central portion along the x axis out of the reflected light propagating toward the emitting surface 25 is on the emitting surface side (downstream side). It can also be seen from the fact that the number of white arrows indicating that the optical structure is blocked by other optical structures is small.
  • sunlight having a wavelength of 350 to 1100 nm is incident on the optical structure 30 of [B5 row, A1 column], and a ray tracing simulation is performed.
  • the refractive index and incident wavelength of PMMA are the same as those in the above-described embodiment (see FIGS. 12 and 13).
  • the radius of curvature of the spherical surface forming the condensing / reflecting surface 35: r 12 mm
  • the number of optical structures is 10 (one row) and the light is condensed on all the optical structures by the 1 ⁇ 10 lens array
  • the light incident on the condenser lens 10 is incident on the optical axis LA.
  • Parallel that is, 97.2% for an incident angle of 0 degrees, 95.0% for an incident angle of ⁇ 0.26 degrees, and 87.1% for an incident angle of ⁇ 0.5 degrees. .
  • Example 4 a ray tracing simulation is performed under the same conditions as in the third embodiment except that the condensing / reflecting surface is a flat surface. That is, each condition is as follows.
  • the focal length of the condenser lens 10: f 30 mm
  • the diameter of the condenser lens 10: R 10 mm -Size of optical structure: 1 mm in x, y and z directions ⁇ Inclination angle of reflective surface: 49 degrees
  • the number of optical structures is 10 (one row) and the light is condensed on all the optical structures by the 1 ⁇ 10 lens array
  • the light incident on the condenser lens 10 is incident on the optical axis LA.
  • Parallel that is, 92.8% for an incident angle of 0 °, 91.2% for an incident angle of ⁇ 0.26 °, and 88.1% for an incident angle of ⁇ 0.5 °. .
  • Example 3 and Example 4 are compared, in the range where the incident angle is ⁇ 0.26 degrees corresponding to the solar visual diameter, the light collection efficiency is higher when the reflecting surface is a curved surface than when it is a flat surface. I understand that.
  • 16 (a) and 16 (b) show the condensing optical element 20Z of another configuration example corresponding to FIGS. 14 (a), 14 (b), 15 (a), and 15 (b). It is a ray tracing simulation result in a side view and a plan view.
  • the common conditions are as follows.
  • the diameter of the condenser lens 10: R 10 mm
  • the radius of curvature of the spherical surface forming the condensing / reflecting surface 35: r 25.1 mm
  • Thickness d 10mm
  • the condensing optical element 20Z causes the reflected light reflected by the first optical structure 30 in the A1 row to be the second light in the A2 row formed on the emission surface 25 side adjacent to the first optical structure in the A1 row.
  • the light After being incident on the back surface 36 of the optical structure 30 (see FIG. 3), the light is refracted at the condensing / reflecting surface 35 of the second optical structure 30 and is incident on the base material 21, and above the other optical structures 30. It is configured to propagate through to the exit surface 25 side.
  • the condensing optical element 20Z having such a configuration, the condensing efficiency was 98.9% (92.1% when the angle width was ⁇ 0.5 degrees).
  • the back surface 36 is a vertical surface along the yz plane.
  • the back surface 136 is formed as an inclined surface inclined about the y axis.
  • FIG. 17A is a partially enlarged view of the optical structure of this configuration example
  • FIG. 17B is a side view of the optical structure of this configuration example. According to such a configuration, light incident on the back surface 136 from the upstream side can be totally reflected by the back surface 136 and guided to the downstream side, and loss emitted from the optical structure to the outside can be reduced.
  • FIG. 18A is a conceptual diagram of a configuration example in which light collected at the end of the condensing optical element 20 is taken out from the exit surface 25 as it is and used as light.
  • the light emitted from the emission surface 25 of the condensing optical element 20 is condensed through the cylindrical lens 91, the condensing rod 92, etc., and the condensed light is guided to a desired position by the optical fiber 93.
  • a simple configuration is exemplified.
  • FIG. 18B is a conceptual diagram of a first configuration example in the case where light collected at the end of the condensing optical element 20 is converted into electric energy or heat energy and used.
  • This figure shows a configuration example in which the photoelectric conversion element 5 is coupled to the emission end of the condensing optical element 20 and is taken out as electric energy.
  • a heat pipe with a light absorber or the like is preferably used as the photothermal conversion element that photothermally converts the collected light into thermal energy.
  • FIG. 18 (c) is a conceptual diagram of a second configuration example in the case where light collected at the end portion is converted into electric energy or heat energy and used.
  • the end of the condensing optical element 20 is cut obliquely and a mirror 94 is disposed on the exit surface 25 (or a reflective film is formed on the exit surface 25), and the upper surface side of the collective optical element 20
  • This is a configuration example in which light is condensed on the photoelectric conversion element 5 provided on the (or lower surface side).
  • the photoelectric conversion element 5 of a predetermined area can be attached stably.
  • a heat pipe with a light absorber or the like is preferably used as described above.
  • FIG. 18D is a conceptual diagram of a third configuration example in the case where light collected at the end is used after being converted into electric energy or heat energy.
  • the exit surface 25 of the condensing optical element 20 is cut obliquely and a dichroic mirror 95 is disposed (or a reflective film having wavelength selectivity is formed on the exit surface 25).
  • This is a configuration example in which light is divided and condensed into photoelectric conversion elements 5 and 5 ′ provided on the upper surface side (or the lower surface side) of FIG. According to such a configuration, since a highly efficient photoelectric conversion element can be used for each divided wavelength band, a photovoltaic device with high conversion efficiency can be configured at a relatively low cost.
  • One of the divided lights (for example, light in the infrared region) is incident on a heat pipe with a light absorber and used as thermal energy, and the other (for example, light in the visible region and ultraviolet region) is used as the photoelectric conversion element 5.
  • the other for example, light in the visible region and ultraviolet region
  • a configuration in which the light is incident and used as electric energy is also a preferable application example.
  • FIG. 18 (e) is a conceptual diagram of a configuration example in which the light condensed at the end is further condensed and extracted in the thickness direction.
  • the condensing optical element 20 of this configuration is formed in a parabolic shape that gradually decreases in thickness in the vicinity of the exit surface 25, and light traveling in the x-axis direction inside the element is totally reflected on the upper surface or the lower surface.
  • the light is condensed in the thickness direction.
  • the condensing device 1 As described above, in the condensing device 1, the incident light incident from the upper surface 22 of the condensing optical element 20 while being condensed by the condensing lenses 10, 10. Thereafter, the light is totally reflected at all interfaces (the condensing reflection surface 35, the upper surface 22, the lower surface 23, and the side surfaces) except the emission surface 25, and is emitted from the emission surface 25. Therefore, according to the condensing apparatus 1 demonstrated above, the new condensing means which can utilize optical energy, such as sunlight efficiently, can be provided with a comparatively thin and simple structure.
  • the condensing device 1 since the optical structure is recessed on the lower surface, it can be manufactured at low cost by injection molding of thermoplastic resin, press molding of optical glass, or the like. Further, such a light condensing device 1 can be suitably applied as a photovoltaic power generation device or a photothermal conversion device because the photovoltaic device PVS and the photothermal conversion device are thin and light in thickness in the optical axis direction. .
  • the condensing device 1 When condensing sunlight, the condensing device 1 may be configured so that at least light in a specific wavelength range in the sunlight spectrum is condensed.
  • the wavelength range can be determined according to the spectral sensitivity characteristics of the photoelectric conversion element 5.
  • the condensing device 1 can be configured such that light in a wavelength range in which the conversion efficiency of the photoelectric conversion element 5 is not substantially zero is collected.
  • you may comprise the condensing apparatus 1 so that the light of the wavelength which becomes the maximum photoelectric conversion efficiency may be condensed.
  • the specific wavelength range of the light condensed by the condensing lens 10 in the condensing device 1 may be, for example, 350 to 1800 nm, or 350 to 1100 nm as described in the embodiment. May be.
  • the former condensing device that condenses the light in the wavelength range can be applied to a multi-junction photoelectric conversion element, and the latter condensing device that condenses the light in the wavelength range is applied to a crystalline silicon photoelectric conversion element. can do.

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Abstract

L'invention porte sur un condenseur de lumière, qui comprend une lentille de condenseur et un composant optique de condenseur pour guider un faisceau de lumière incident condensé par la lentille de condenseur et qui a été laissé entrer à l'intérieur de celle-ci. Le composant optique de condenseur est constitué par une surface supérieure permettant à la lumière incidente de traverser celle-ci ; une surface inférieure s'étendant de façon à être opposée à la surface supérieure ; une structure optique qui a une surface réfléchissante en cavité sur la surface inférieure et s'étendant vers la surface supérieure et qui réfléchit la lumière incidente ; et une surface d'émission qui réunit la surface supérieure et la surface inférieure l'une à l'autre et qui est opposée à la surface réfléchissante. Le condenseur de lumière est adapté de sorte qu'un faisceau de lumière incident sur la surface supérieure ayant traversé la lentille de condenseur et réfléchi sur la surface réfléchissante soit dirigé vers la surface d'émission.
PCT/JP2011/070387 2010-09-07 2011-09-07 Condenseur de lumière, système photovoltaïque et convertisseur photothermique WO2012033132A1 (fr)

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Cited By (1)

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CN110941085A (zh) * 2019-10-29 2020-03-31 阳光凯讯(北京)科技有限公司 一种二元复合抛物面可见光通信接收天线设计方法

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JP2000147262A (ja) * 1998-11-11 2000-05-26 Nobuyuki Higuchi 集光装置及びこれを利用した太陽光発電システム
JP2001289515A (ja) * 2000-04-07 2001-10-19 Masahiro Nishikawa 太陽光の面集光装置
JP2006319408A (ja) * 2005-05-10 2006-11-24 Citizen Electronics Co Ltd 光通信装置及びそれを用いた情報機器
WO2009064701A1 (fr) * 2007-11-16 2009-05-22 Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. Concentrateur/collecteur solaire à couches minces
WO2010033632A2 (fr) * 2008-09-18 2010-03-25 Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. Augmentation de la plage angulaire de captage de lumière dans des collecteurs/concentrateurs de lumière
WO2011062020A1 (fr) * 2009-11-18 2011-05-26 シャープ株式会社 Module de cellule solaire, dispositif de génération d'énergie solaire et fenêtre
WO2011074108A1 (fr) * 2009-12-18 2011-06-23 サン電子株式会社 Appareil collecteur de lumière

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000147262A (ja) * 1998-11-11 2000-05-26 Nobuyuki Higuchi 集光装置及びこれを利用した太陽光発電システム
JP2001289515A (ja) * 2000-04-07 2001-10-19 Masahiro Nishikawa 太陽光の面集光装置
JP2006319408A (ja) * 2005-05-10 2006-11-24 Citizen Electronics Co Ltd 光通信装置及びそれを用いた情報機器
WO2009064701A1 (fr) * 2007-11-16 2009-05-22 Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. Concentrateur/collecteur solaire à couches minces
WO2010033632A2 (fr) * 2008-09-18 2010-03-25 Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. Augmentation de la plage angulaire de captage de lumière dans des collecteurs/concentrateurs de lumière
WO2011062020A1 (fr) * 2009-11-18 2011-05-26 シャープ株式会社 Module de cellule solaire, dispositif de génération d'énergie solaire et fenêtre
WO2011074108A1 (fr) * 2009-12-18 2011-06-23 サン電子株式会社 Appareil collecteur de lumière

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110941085A (zh) * 2019-10-29 2020-03-31 阳光凯讯(北京)科技有限公司 一种二元复合抛物面可见光通信接收天线设计方法

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