WO2012020334A1 - Procédé pour le traitement de surface de papier ou de carton et papier ou carton produit à partir de ce procédé - Google Patents

Procédé pour le traitement de surface de papier ou de carton et papier ou carton produit à partir de ce procédé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012020334A1
WO2012020334A1 PCT/IB2011/052957 IB2011052957W WO2012020334A1 WO 2012020334 A1 WO2012020334 A1 WO 2012020334A1 IB 2011052957 W IB2011052957 W IB 2011052957W WO 2012020334 A1 WO2012020334 A1 WO 2012020334A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
paper
board
calender
surface treatment
treatment agent
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2011/052957
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Heiner Grussenmeyer
Juho Laakkola
Original Assignee
Stora Enso Oyj
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Stora Enso Oyj filed Critical Stora Enso Oyj
Priority to EP11816159.5A priority Critical patent/EP2603636B1/fr
Priority to PL11816159T priority patent/PL2603636T3/pl
Publication of WO2012020334A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012020334A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
    • D21G1/00—Calenders; Smoothing apparatus
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H25/00—After-treatment of paper not provided for in groups D21H17/00 - D21H23/00
    • D21H25/08—Rearranging applied substances, e.g. metering, smoothing; Removing excess material
    • D21H25/12—Rearranging applied substances, e.g. metering, smoothing; Removing excess material with an essentially cylindrical body, e.g. roll or rod
    • D21H25/14—Rearranging applied substances, e.g. metering, smoothing; Removing excess material with an essentially cylindrical body, e.g. roll or rod the body being a casting drum, a heated roll or a calender
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
    • D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
    • D21H23/22—Addition to the formed paper
    • D21H23/24—Addition to the formed paper during paper manufacture
    • D21H23/26—Addition to the formed paper during paper manufacture by selecting point of addition or moisture content of the paper
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
    • D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
    • D21H23/22—Addition to the formed paper
    • D21H23/32—Addition to the formed paper by contacting paper with an excess of material, e.g. from a reservoir or in a manner necessitating removal of applied excess material from the paper
    • D21H23/42—Paper being at least partly surrounded by the material on both sides
    • D21H23/44—Treatment with a gas or vapour
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
    • D21H17/21—Macromolecular organic compounds of natural origin; Derivatives thereof
    • D21H17/24—Polysaccharides
    • D21H17/25—Cellulose
    • D21H17/26—Ethers thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
    • D21H17/21—Macromolecular organic compounds of natural origin; Derivatives thereof
    • D21H17/24—Polysaccharides
    • D21H17/28—Starch
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
    • D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D21H17/34—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D21H17/36—Polyalkenyalcohols; Polyalkenylethers; Polyalkenylesters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
    • D21H21/16—Sizing or water-repelling agents
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
    • D21H21/18—Reinforcing agents
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
    • D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
    • D21H23/22—Addition to the formed paper
    • D21H23/50—Spraying or projecting

Definitions

  • a method for the surface treatment of paper or board and a paper or board produced according to the method is a method for the surface treatment of paper or board and a paper or board produced according to the method.
  • the present invention relates to a method for the surface treatment of paper or board.
  • the invention further relates to a method for manufacturing paper or board and a paper or board produced by the method.
  • Paper, board and other fibre-based webs are often treated with surface treatment agents, such as surface sizing
  • compositions in order to improve the surface strength and the printability of the paper or board.
  • Usual surface
  • treatment agents used in the art are e.g. starch,
  • CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
  • polyvinyl alcohol The predominant method of applying surface treatment agents to the surface of a paper is by use of a size press.
  • WO2010019302 describes a method for making paper, in which method a layer of surface treatment agent is applied onto the surface of a base paper by means of a roll comprising recesses that are filled with the treatment agent.
  • the amount of surface treatment agent applied to the paper is, according to WO2010019302, at most 0.8 g/m 2 /side of the paper.
  • WO2010018302 describes a method for manufacturing paper, in which method the paper is calendered and coated in order to improve the printing properties.
  • the coating is applied in an amount of about 3 g/m 2 /side by film transfer or by spray coating.
  • One object of the present invention is to provide a method for surface treating a paper or board with a small amount of a surface treatment agent, but yet achieving a high printing quality at the printing of the surface treated paper or board.
  • the present invention relates to a method for the surface treatment of paper or board, which method comprises adding a surface treatment agent to the paper or board and treating said paper or board in at least one calender or breaker stack nip formed by a first and a second calender or breaker stack roll.
  • the method is characterized in that the surface treatment agent is applied onto the surface of at least one side of the paper or board immediately prior to or after the calender or breaker stack nip, while the paper or board is in contact with one of the calender or breaker stack rolls .
  • the surface treatment agent when the surface treatment agent is applied onto the surface immediately prior to or after the calender or breaker stack nip, while the paper or board is in contact with one of the calender or breaker stack rolls, the surface treatment agent stays on the surface of the paper or board and no significant amount of surface treatment agent penetrates into the paper or board. Consequently, less amount of the surface treatment agent can be applied to the surface while a high printing quality still can be achieved.
  • the surface treatment agent may be applied onto the paper or board e.g. by contactless film transferring or by
  • the surface treatment agent is applied onto the paper or board by spraying.
  • Spraying the treatment agent onto the paper or board gives rise to a more even coverage and spray pattern.
  • the surface treatment agent is sprayed onto the paper or board in an atomized state. This may be achieved by atomizing an aqueous solution of the treatment agent at an enhanced pressure and an enhanced temperature.
  • Spraying of the high temperature treatment agent onto the surface of the paper/board gives rise to a high temperature at the surface of the paper/board.
  • the atomized medium comprising the surface treatment agent has a temperature of at least 80°C, preferably between 80- 110°C even more preferably between 90-100°C f most preferably a temperature of 95°C. In this way, a heat and moisture gradient is formed in the paper/board, whereby the
  • the surface treatment agent may be applied onto the surface of the paper or board in an amount of below 0,5 g/m2/side of the paper or board, preferably between 0,1-0,5 g/m2/side, and more preferably between 0,1-0,2 g/m 2 /side, calculated as dry weight of the surface treatment agent applied to the paper or board.
  • the temperature of the paper or board being sprayed with the surface treatment agent is preferably at least 50°C, more preferably at least 55°C, and most preferably at least 60°C
  • the paper or board achieves the desired temperature by being heated by the calender or breaker stack roll in contact with the paper or board and/or by the heat transferred to the paper/board with the atomized surface treatment agent.
  • the high temperature of the paper or board makes water applied together with the surface treatment agent to evaporate quickly whereby the surface treatment agent is kept on the surface of the paper or board.
  • the method of the invention does not wet the paper
  • the moisture content of the paper or board may be between 3-12%, preferably between 4-10% by weight at the point of spraying the treatment agent onto the surface. This further contributes to the prevention of the treatment agent to penetrate into the paper/board, and thus, being kept on the surface of the paper/board.
  • the surface treatment agent applied onto the surface in accordance with the invention may be any water soluble surface treatment agent.
  • the treatment agent is selected from the group consisting of starch, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), nano-pigment, salt of multivalent metals such as calcium chloride, casein, protein, lignin,
  • the invention further relates to a method of manufacturing a paper or board comprising the steps of forming a fibrous web from pulp, dewatering the formed web, spraying a surface treatment agent onto the surface of the web and treating the web in at least one calender or breaker stack nip formed by a first and a second calender or breaker stack roll.
  • the method of manufacturing a paper or board is characterized in that the surface treatment agent is sprayed onto the surface of at least one side of the paper or board immediately prior to or after the calender or breaker stack nip, while the paper or board is in contact with one of the calender or breaker stack rolls.
  • the invention further relates to a paper or board
  • the paper or board manufactured by said method exhibit excellent printing and surface
  • the paper or board treated by the method of the invention is most suitable for offset printing, but can for example also advantageously be printed in gravure or ink-jet printing methods.
  • treatment agent is sprayed onto the surface of a paper or board immediately prior to or after a calender or breaker stack nip while the paper or board is in contact with a calender or breaker stack roll. It has been found that by choosing said point of application, a small amount of surface treatment agent may be applied to the paper/board while an excellent printing quality still may be obtained.
  • the contact with the calender or breaker stack roll provides the paper or board with a relative high temperature, preferably of above 50°C, more preferably of above 55°C, and most preferably of above 60°C, whereby the water added together with the surface treatment agent is instantly evaporated.
  • the treatment agent is added after the last drying unit and in the calender or breaker stack, the paper or board exhibits a comparatively low Bendtsen roughness, as compared to
  • the low Bendtsen roughness of the paper further contributes to keeping the applied surface treatment agent on the surface of the paper or board and prohibits it to penetrate into the paper or board.
  • immediately prior to or after the calender or breaker stack nip means milliseconds prior to or after the calender or breaker stack nip, preferably between 5-100 ms, even more preferably between 10 - 50 ms, or 10 30 ms prior to or after the calender or breaker stack nip.
  • the surface treatment agent is preferably applied to the surface of the paper or board by spraying it in an atomized state. This can, e.g., be achieved by mixing an aqueous solution of the treatment agent with steam at increase pressure and temperature whereby an atomized aqueous
  • the atomized aqueous solution/steam mixture has a temperature of at least 80°C, preferably between 80 - 110 °C even more preferably between 90 - 100 °C, most preferably of 95 °C.
  • Application of a high temperature, atomized medium comprising a surface treatment agent onto the paper/board surface at the calender or breaker stack gives the paper/board a high surface
  • a temperature gradient is formed in the paper/board with the highest temperature at the surface, which is beneficial for the treatment.
  • the aqueous solution comprising the treatment agent may have a concentration of above 5%, more preferably of above 10% by weight. This allows an efficient transfer of the surface treatment agent to the paper or board while the strength of the surface of the paper/board is not negatively affected by the water in the aqueous solution.
  • the viscosity of the aqueous solution does not exceed 100 mPas.
  • the water amount added by applying the aqueous solution onto the paper/board is preferably below 4.0 g/m 2 , e.g.
  • the calender used in accordance with the invention may be an on-line or an off-line calender, depending on the paper or board quality to be produced.
  • the calender may be any kind of a calender, such as a machine calender, or a super calender. Even though it may be preferably to use a calender, it is also possible to use a breaker stack which is a kind of calender placed in the drying section of the paper machine.
  • the surface treatment agent may be sprayed onto the surface of the paper/board immediately prior to, or immediately after, the first calender or breaker stack nip.
  • the surface treatment agent may also be sprayed onto the surface of the paper/board immediately prior to, or immediately after a second or a third calender or breaker stack nip.
  • the paper or board is treated in at least one nip after the surface treatment agent has been applied to the paper/board.
  • the paper or board is also, or
  • treated in at least one nip before the surface treatment agent is applied to the paper/board may be treated in at least one nip before the surface treatment agent is applied to the paper/board.
  • the surface roughness of the paper/board may be decreased even further before the surface treatment agent is applied, which contributes to the prevention of the treatment agent to penetrate into the paper/board.
  • the nip pressure may be at least 60 kN/m
  • Both sides of the paper/board may be treated in accordance with the method of the invention. This may be accomplished by, e.g., spraying a treatment agent onto the first side of the paper or board immediately prior to a first nip, while the paper or board is in contact with a first calender or breaker stack roll and spraying a treatment agent onto the second side of the paper or board immediately prior to a second nip, while the paper or board is in contact with a second calender or breaker stack roll.
  • the paper or board treated by the method according to the invention may be any kind of paper or board.
  • the paper or board is a mechanical pulp based, un-coated, base paper.
  • An uncoated base paper 52 gsm, comprising a mix of
  • the calender comprises a first (1) and a second (2) calender roll, forming a first
  • the nip (NO) between the second (2) and the third (3) calendering roll is an open nip.
  • the stack of rolls in the calender consists of four rolls placed one above the other.
  • the first (1) and forth (4) calender rolls are cambered thermo rolls which are heated to a temperature of approximately 58 °C.
  • the second (2) and third (3) rolls are metal covered rolls.
  • the nip pressures are between 78 - 82 kN/m.
  • a calcoil unit (not shown) may be arranged on the fourth (4) calender roll.
  • the web of the base paper (W) is guided from the last drying unit into the first nip (Nl) with the aid of a guiding roll (5) .
  • the web is supported and guided by the calendering rolls (2) and (3) through the open nip (NO) into the second calendering nip (N2) .
  • the web (W) is passed to another calendering stack or to reeling.
  • a first spray unit (6) is arranged at the second calender roll (2) .
  • a second spray unit (7) is arranged at the third calender roll (3) .
  • the spray units (6 and 7) mix an aqueous solution of the treatment agent with steam at enhanced temperature and pressure, whereby the aqueous solution sprayed onto the surface of the web (w) in an atomized state.
  • the distance between the nozzles of the spray units and the paper is approximately 10 cm.
  • the first spray unit (6) sprays a surface treatment agent, for example CMC and/or PVA, to one side of the web (W) immediately after (26 ms) the first calendering nip (HI) , while the web (W) is in contact with the second calender roll (2) .
  • the second spray unit (7) sprays a surface treatment agent to the other side of the web immediately prior to (26 ms) the second calendering nip (N2), while the web (W) is in contact with the third calendering roll (3) .

Landscapes

  • Paper (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour le traitement de surface de papier ou de carton, qui comprend l'addition d'un agent de traitement de surface au papier ou au carton et la création dudit papier ou carton dans au moins un pinçage d'un empilement de broyeur ou de calandre formé par un premier et un second rouleau d'empilement de broyeur ou de calandre. Le procédé est caractérisé en ce que l'agent de traitement de surface est appliqué sur la surface d'au moins un côté du papier ou du carton immédiatement avant ou après le pinçage d'empilement de broyeur ou de calandre, le papier ou le carton étant en contact avec l'un des rouleaux d'empilement de broyeur ou de calandre. Le procédé selon l'invention permet de traiter en surface un papier ou un carton avec une petite quantité d'agent de traitement de surface tout en obtenant une grande qualité d'impression lors de l'impression du papier ou du carton ayant subi le traitement de surface.
PCT/IB2011/052957 2010-08-12 2011-07-05 Procédé pour le traitement de surface de papier ou de carton et papier ou carton produit à partir de ce procédé WO2012020334A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11816159.5A EP2603636B1 (fr) 2010-08-12 2011-07-05 Procédé pour le traitement de surface de papier ou de carton et papier ou carton produit à partir de ce procédé
PL11816159T PL2603636T3 (pl) 2010-08-12 2011-07-05 Sposób obróbki powierzchni papieru lub tektury oraz papier lub tektura wytworzone tym sposobem

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE1050851-3 2010-08-12
SE1050851A SE535270C2 (sv) 2010-08-12 2010-08-12 En metod för ytbehandling av papper eller kartong

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2012020334A1 true WO2012020334A1 (fr) 2012-02-16

Family

ID=45567409

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2011/052957 WO2012020334A1 (fr) 2010-08-12 2011-07-05 Procédé pour le traitement de surface de papier ou de carton et papier ou carton produit à partir de ce procédé

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2603636B1 (fr)
PL (1) PL2603636T3 (fr)
SE (1) SE535270C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012020334A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10947404B2 (en) 2016-07-21 2021-03-16 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Ink fixative solution

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4283039A1 (fr) 2022-05-24 2023-11-29 Andritz Küsters GmbH Dispositif de lissage et d'application d'un milieu d'application

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040200593A1 (en) * 2001-07-02 2004-10-14 Upm-Kymmene Corporation Printing paper and a method for manufacturing the same
WO2010019302A2 (fr) 2008-05-29 2010-02-18 Qualcomm Incorporated Appareil et procédé permettant d'atténuer des composantes parasites par corrélation croisée
WO2010018302A1 (fr) 2008-08-11 2010-02-18 Upm-Kymmene Corporation Procédé de fabrication de papier d'impression

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5045342A (en) * 1989-01-27 1991-09-03 Measurex Corporation Independent heat moisture control system for gloss optimization
FI108061B (fi) * 1995-10-05 2001-11-15 Metso Paper Inc Menetelmä liikkuvan paperi- tai kartonkirainan päällystämiseksi
SE506597C2 (sv) * 1996-05-20 1998-01-19 Sca Graphic Sundsvall Ab Förfarande och anordning för framställning av LWC-papper
FI104745B (fi) * 1998-06-25 2000-03-31 Valmet Corp Menetelmä ja sovitelma paperin ja kartongin kalanteroimiseksi

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040200593A1 (en) * 2001-07-02 2004-10-14 Upm-Kymmene Corporation Printing paper and a method for manufacturing the same
WO2010019302A2 (fr) 2008-05-29 2010-02-18 Qualcomm Incorporated Appareil et procédé permettant d'atténuer des composantes parasites par corrélation croisée
WO2010018302A1 (fr) 2008-08-11 2010-02-18 Upm-Kymmene Corporation Procédé de fabrication de papier d'impression

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP2603636A4

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10947404B2 (en) 2016-07-21 2021-03-16 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Ink fixative solution

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL2603636T3 (pl) 2019-12-31
EP2603636B1 (fr) 2019-08-14
EP2603636A4 (fr) 2014-10-22
EP2603636A1 (fr) 2013-06-19
SE535270C2 (sv) 2012-06-12
SE1050851A1 (sv) 2012-02-13

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