WO2012012818A1 - Procédé pour la fabrication d'un palier lisse à plusieurs couches - Google Patents

Procédé pour la fabrication d'un palier lisse à plusieurs couches Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012012818A1
WO2012012818A1 PCT/AT2011/000320 AT2011000320W WO2012012818A1 WO 2012012818 A1 WO2012012818 A1 WO 2012012818A1 AT 2011000320 W AT2011000320 W AT 2011000320W WO 2012012818 A1 WO2012012818 A1 WO 2012012818A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
bearing
sliding
materials
substrate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AT2011/000320
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Georg Leonardelli
Original Assignee
Miba Gleitlager Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Miba Gleitlager Gmbh filed Critical Miba Gleitlager Gmbh
Priority to CN2011800373834A priority Critical patent/CN103038525A/zh
Priority to KR1020137001736A priority patent/KR20130041919A/ko
Publication of WO2012012818A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012012818A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/14—Special methods of manufacture; Running-in
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B12/00—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area
    • B05B12/16—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area for controlling the spray area
    • B05B12/20—Masking elements, i.e. elements defining uncoated areas on an object to be coated
    • B05B12/28—Masking elements, i.e. elements defining uncoated areas on an object to be coated for defining uncoated areas that are not enclosed within coated areas or vice versa, e.g. for defining U-shaped border lines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
    • C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/01—Selective coating, e.g. pattern coating, without pre-treatment of the material to be coated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/06—Metallic material
    • C23C4/08—Metallic material containing only metal elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/24—Brasses; Bushes; Linings with different areas of the sliding surface consisting of different materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C9/00—Bearings for crankshafts or connecting-rods; Attachment of connecting-rods
    • F16C9/04—Connecting-rod bearings; Attachments thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/14—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas designed for spraying particulate materials
    • B05B7/1481—Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material
    • B05B7/1486—Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material for spraying particulate material in dry state
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/20—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion
    • B05B7/201—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion downstream of the nozzle
    • B05B7/205—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed by flame or combustion downstream of the nozzle the material to be sprayed being originally a particulate material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D2350/00—Pretreatment of the substrate
    • B05D2350/60—Adding a layer before coating
    • B05D2350/63—Adding a layer before coating ceramic layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • B05D5/08—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain an anti-friction or anti-adhesive surface
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2223/00—Surface treatments; Hardening; Coating
    • F16C2223/30—Coating surfaces
    • F16C2223/42—Coating surfaces by spraying the coating material, e.g. plasma spraying

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a multilayer plain bearing, according to which at least one layer, in particular a sliding layer, is deposited on a substrate surface of a substrate by a spraying method, and a sliding bearing comprising a supporting layer and a sliding layer, wherein the sliding layer in a plane in at least two areas is divided, which consist of a first material and a different second material.
  • Conventional liners of plain bearings are either made of soft materials, e.g. Lead, tin, bismuth, or formed by hard materials, such as alloys of copper, silver or nickel.
  • Soft running layers are characterized by their high embedding capacity against dirt and foreign body particles, but wear out quickly or break under very high loads. Hard running layers have a high level of wear resistance and are highly resilient, but react aggressively to dirt particles.
  • a sliding bearing has been proposed in which the running layer is formed at least by a first partial application layer and a comparatively softer second partial application layer, wherein at least the second partial application layer has a varying layer thickness over a length and / or a width of the tread.
  • EP 0 677 149 B1 describes a composite sliding bearing with opposite end edges, comprising a carrier layer, an intermediate layer made of a material having a certain degree of hardness, and a sliding layer made of a material less hard than that of the intermediate layer wherein the sliding layer is provided on at least a substantial part of the intermediate layer and has an inner side.
  • the intermediate layer has a radially inner surface defined by a pair of surfaces eccentric to the bearing, the surfaces of each pair of surfaces intersecting along a cutting line passing through at least a portion of the circumferential ones
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a plain bearing, which has a good embedding capacity for foreign substances while good wear resistance of the overlay, and to provide a method for its production.
  • the layer is made of at least two mutually different materials, wherein in a first step, one of the materials is sprayed onto the substrate only in defined areas, wherein areas of the substrate surface, with this Material are not to be coated, are protected with a mask before depositing the material, and that in at least a second step, the other areas are coated with at least one of the other materials by spraying, and by a sliding bearing, in which the two areas of the sliding layer are made of material powders, which are applied by means of a spraying process, wherein there is a connection in the boundary regions between the different materials, or by a sliding bearing, wherein the first region by a metallic bearing material and the second region by a lubricating varnish is formed.
  • the advantage here is that by the use of a mask or a template, so that with the first material not to be coated areas of the substrate, ie
  • the plain bearing half shell to cover now a possibility is created that both materials or all materials from which the sliding layer is built, are in direct contact with the same substrate, so it is no longer necessary, with respect to the adhesion of the materials for the sliding layer looking back on each other, since the adhesive strength is achieved via the substrate or the underlying layer of the plain bearing. It is thus possible to use hitherto unusable combinations of materials for sliding bearing layers, in particular for sliding layers, so that sliding bearings can be produced that better meet the conflicting tasks, namely on the one hand the embedding and adaptability and on the other hand the carrying capacity or wear resistance.
  • the efficiency for the production of these plain bearings is improved by the injection process, in particular, thus the use of different materials in the production of the respective layer of the plain bearing is made more economical.
  • powdery materials to produce the regions of the sliding layer of different materials, which are applied by means of a spraying process
  • the advantage is achieved that the coating of the substrate can be made more targeted due to the particle shape of these powders, so that a "bleeding" of
  • the advantage that the spraying process produces a physical or mechanical bond between the materials even in the boundary regions between the materials, whereby the cohesion of the sliding layer can be improved possible that a region of the layer of a plurality of materials is formed by a lubricating varnish, whereby subsequent, in particular mechanical, machining can be carried out in a simpler and tool-preserving manner, so that any besc Errors that can occur, for example, due to over-extensive application of the material, can be corrected easily and inexpensively.
  • the use of a lubricating varnish has the advantage that it can be applied at relatively low temperatures, so that a thermal stress in an already applied sub-layer of the layer of the plurality of materials and thus phase transformations in the metallic layer can be avoided, so that desired property profile is better predefinable.
  • the use of a lubricating varnish has the advantage that it can be applied directly, even without possibly necessary, pretreatments of the substrate and also has a sufficiently high connection with the adjacent metallic areas of the substrate Layer is received. By forming the connections in the boundary regions between the regions of the different materials can also be prevented that one of the materials prematurely wears so far that this material would be lost in the further life cycle of the plain bearing.
  • the at least one further material is initially applied to the substrate over its entire area and the first material is subsequently exposed by mechanical post-processing of the layer. Coating defects, which can occur, for example, if these regions do not completely fill in the first region (s) for the first material, can thereby be better compensated, with the additional advantage that by avoiding a mask for the deposition the further material of the coating process can be made easier in itself.
  • At least one of the materials is applied by a cold gas spraying method or by a high-speed flame spraying method.
  • a cold gas spraying method or by a high-speed flame spraying method.
  • the cold gas spraying process also achieves the advantage that the powdery materials can be applied to the substrate virtually unchanged, with the exception of a possibly resulting surface layer on the powder particles, so that the layer has the properties of Substance powder practically completely reproduces. To a lesser extent, this also applies to the high speed flame spraying process.
  • a material which has a hardness which is at least 20%, in particular at least 25, preferably at least 30%, greater than the hardness of the at least one further is sprayed on as the first material. sprayed material on the one hand to give the sliding bearing on the one hand the necessary adaptability and embedability for dirt particles or for particles from the abrasion and on the other hand the required hardness to improve the wear resistance.
  • the at least one further material is preferably applied exclusively in the region of at least one side edge of the substrate surface. It can thus better avoid the risk of seizing the slide bearing due to excessive edge loads in hard bearing materials, on the other hand after completion of the adjustment of the sliding surface of the sliding bearing to the bearing surface, so if the load is distributed over the entire bearing surface, the sliding bearing the harder middle area still has a sufficiently high strength. Furthermore, there is the possibility that the material, each with a different
  • Spraying be sprayed on, which can be better taken into account the material properties, so that subsequently the adhesive strength of the materials can be improved on the substrate surface.
  • the at least one further material with a greater surface roughness and / or higher porosity can be deposited than the first material. It can thus be achieved that, in the running-in phase of the slide bearing, the oil absorption of the slide bearing is improved by the formed topography of the surface of the region with the at least one further material, whereby the wear of the material in the break-in phase, in particular if this a soft material, can be significantly improved.
  • the first material is applied at least partially in the form of a license plate.
  • the additional effect is achieved that, even after prolonged use of the slide bearing, the mark, after it has been firmly anchored in the layer, is still present, so that the slide bearing can be uniquely assigned and, for example, also demanded during maintenance work a similar warehouse can be carried out more easily.
  • this embodiment also has the advantage that this indicator not only serves the basic recognition of the sliding bearing to see, but also can exercise a tribology of the plain bearing improving function.
  • connection between the regions of the different material powders is produced by a cold-kinetic compression process, so that the material used does not or does not significantly change by thermal stressing due to this joining process during the production of the slide bearing become.
  • the bonded coating is arranged in at least one side region of the sliding layer of the sliding bearing.
  • the at least two regions of the different materials at least partially have a different layer thickness.
  • This can be achieved that in particular the softer material of the two materials, if this is applied with a higher layer thickness, in the break-in phase mainly on the abutment surface, so for example the surface of a wave, is applied, so that the adjustment is mainly on these soft areas and so that wear in the area of the hard areas of the layer of the sliding bearing can be better avoided.
  • the softer material is spent in the surface area of the harder material by abrasion and there can also contribute to the adaptation of the bearing surface to the abutment surface there.
  • the material of the at least two different materials which has a lower hardness than the other material, is applied with a greater layer thickness.
  • the layer thickness difference is preferably between 10% and 30% of the greatest layer thickness. Below 10%, the desired effect described could not be sufficiently observed. Above 30%, the running-in phase of the plain bearing, ie the phase during the adaptation of the two bearing surfaces, is lengthened too much, whereby the plain bearing reaches its full capacity only too late.
  • the layer, in particular the sliding layer, of the sliding bearing with areas of different materials and different height is also achieved, in particular when the two edge regions or side regions of the sliding bearing - viewed in the circumferential direction - have the raised areas that in the middle region of a kind
  • Lubricating or lubricating gap is formed so that in the run-in phase, the wear can be reduced again.
  • the at least two different regions have a different surface roughness, in order to be able to better control or adjust the oil retention capacity in order to reduce wear.
  • the material with the lower hardness has a greater surface roughness than the material with the higher hardness.
  • Figure 1 is a plain bearing in the form of a plain bearing half shell in side view.
  • FIG. 2 shows a device for producing a plain bearing.
  • FIG. 3 shows a variant of a plain bearing in plan view.
  • Fig. 4 shows another embodiment of a sliding bearing in plan view; a variant of a sliding bearing cut in front view.
  • identical parts are provided with the same reference numerals or identical component names, wherein the disclosures contained in the entire description can be mutatis mutandis to identical parts with the same reference numerals and component names.
  • the position information selected in the description such as top, bottom, side, etc. related to the immediately described and illustrated figure and are to be transferred to a new position analogous to the new situation.
  • individual features or combinations of features from the different exemplary embodiments shown and described can also represent independent solutions according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment variant of a slide bearing 1 in the form of a slide bearing half-shell with a support element 2 or a support shell, as well as a slide layer 3 directly attached thereto.
  • the support member 2 is usually made of steel, but may of course be made of other materials known in slide bearing technology, such as e.g. Brass, bronzes, etc. By the support element 2, the sliding bearing is given the dimensional stability.
  • a bearing metal layer 4 may be arranged, as shown in broken lines in Figure 1.
  • the bearing metal layer 3 may, in principle, consist of the usual bearing metals known from the prior art for such bearing elements 1.
  • bearing metal layers are: Bearing metals based on aluminum, in particular:
  • Tin-based bearing metals in particular:
  • bearing metals other than the bearing metals based on nickel, silver, iron or chromium alloys.
  • At least one intermediate layer in the form of a bonding layer or diffusion barrier layer between at least individual layers, that is, for example, the support element 2 and the bearing metal layer 4 and / or the bearing metal layer 4 and the sliding layer 4.
  • the bonding layers or diffusion barrier layers may consist of the materials customary for this purpose, for example by an aluminum layer, tin layer, copper layer, nickel layer, silver layer or their alloys, in particular binary alloys.
  • the diffusion barrier layers usually have a small layer thickness of 1 to 3 ⁇ .
  • Tie layers can have a layer thickness of up to 0.3 mm.
  • the bearing metal layer 3 may have a layer thickness selected from a range with a lower limit of 100 ⁇ , preferably 300 ⁇ , and an upper limit of 3 mm, preferably 1 mm
  • the support member 2 may have a layer thickness selected from a range with a lower limit of 1 mm, preferably 2 mm, and an upper limit of 20 mm, preferably 8 mm.
  • the sliding layer 3 of the sliding bearing 1 consists of several, that is at least two, different materials, which are arranged in discrete areas on the substrate, that is, in the simplest case directly on the support member 2.
  • the substrate is accordingly formed by the arrangement of the respective layers one above the other, that is, for example, a support element 2 with bearing metal layer 4 arranged thereon. It should be noted at this point that in the following with regard to the invention, only the sliding layer 3 is treated.
  • FIG. 2 shows a highly schematically simplified coating process of the support element 2 with a first material 5.
  • a mask 6 is placed on the support element 2 - in FIG. 2, the mask 6 is shown spaced from the surface of the support element 2 for reasons of clarity - and the material 5 is deposited by means of a coating device 7 on a first region 8.
  • this first region 8 extends from a central region into the two end edge regions of the support element 2, so that two lateral constrictions of this first region 8 exist in the region of the side edges, viewed in the circumferential direction of the sliding bearing 1.
  • the mask 6 or the template is correspondingly shaped, so that these two constricted further regions 9 are covered and thus are not coated with the material 5 in this first coating step.
  • the mask 6 is held at a slight distance from the surface of the substrate, that is to say the support element 2, by an external holding device, wherein this distance may be selected from a range with a lower limit of 0.5 mm and an upper limit of 20 mm, in particular from a range with a lower limit of 1 mm and an upper limit of 9 mm.
  • the coating device 7 comprises a spray nozzle 10 from which the material 5 emerges.
  • these coating devices of course include various feeders for the material 5, which are not shown in Fig. 2.
  • this first region 8 is coated with the material 5
  • the mask 6 is removed.
  • the two regions 9 are coated with a further material which is different from the material 5.
  • this coating can take place in such a way that the entire surface of the substrate, that is to say of the support element 2, is coated with this further material on the inside, that is to say on the surface to be supported. In other words, therefore, the area 8 which has been previously coated with the material 5, also coated with the other material.
  • a final processing step in particular a mechanical post-processing, for example by fine boring, in which the excess material which has been applied to the area 8, is removed again, so that both areas 8, 9, that is, the material 5 and the other material, visible on the finished slide bearing and can be brought to rest on a component to be stored.
  • a sliding layer 3 of at least two materials of different nature it can also more than two areas 8, 9 are formed on the sliding bearing 1 for the sliding layer 3 as needed, and it is also possible that more than two materials of different nature be used for several areas - wherein the sliding layer 3 forming materials in direct contact with the substrate, so in the present case with the support member 2, are.
  • the area 8 is coated with a hard material and the areas 9 are coated with a softer material in comparison.
  • the material 5 may for example be selected from a group comprising CuSn5Zn, CuPb20Sn, AlZn.
  • the further material for the regions 9 can be selected from a group comprising AlSn20Cu, AlSn40, AlSn40Cu, AlSnlOCu.
  • Preferred combinations of materials are, for example, CuSn5Zn / AlSn20Cu or CuPb20Sn / AlSn40Cu. It should, however, be noted that, in principle, alloys known from the prior art for sliding layers can be used as material 5 or further material.
  • the application of the material 5 and of the at least one further material takes place either by means of cold gas spraying or high-speed flame spraying, wherein combinations of these two methods are also possible, for example, the harder material 5 is applied for the area 8 by means of high-speed flame spraying and the softer material for the areas 9 by means of cold gas spraying.
  • the method of cold gas spraying in the field of plain bearing production is already known.
  • Applicant's WO 2005/033353 A2 describes a method for producing the composite using cold gas spraying.
  • the coating of a slide bearing by means of cold gas spraying is also already known from DE 10 2004 043 914 A1.
  • materials are known to be accelerated to a relatively high speed, in particular pulverulent materials, and consequently impact the surface of the substrate at high speed, during which impact the individual particles are firmly joined together to form a dense layer.
  • HVOF spraying high velocity flame spraying
  • powdered materials are also accelerated at high speed against the substrate surface, again sealing by the impact on the substrate surface Layers arise.
  • higher temperatures are usually used in high-speed flame spraying than is the case with cold gas spraying.
  • both methods offer the advantage that low-oxide layers are formed due to the short residence time of the particles in the spray jet, so that therefore the resulting layers essentially have the composition which the powdered constituents have.
  • cold gas spraying is preferably used for the further material (s) for coating the regions 9, since these materials preferably contain low-melting elements, such as, for example, tin or bismuth.
  • the high impact velocity also ensures that the connection with, i. Adhesion to the substrate surface is relatively high, so that a firm cohesion of
  • Layer structure that is, the composite is achieved.
  • the bond strength of the sliding layer 3 on the substrate, that is the support element 2 be insufficient, it is possible that prior to coating the surface of the substrate, so for example the support member 2, is roughened, for example by mechanical and / or chemical methods, as known from the prior art.
  • Fig. 2 it is shown that an already preformed semi-finished product is coated in the form of a half-shell.
  • the coating it is also possible for the coating to take place on a flat surface and for the mechanical conversion to the plain bearing half shell to be carried out only after the entire coating process has been completed.
  • the material 5 and the at least one, further material are cold-kinetic connected to the surface of the substrate, since thus during the forming process virtually no or only minor changes in the Powder-applied materials are caused, so that, if necessary, no thermal post-treatment after the forming process is required.
  • the speed of the particles during cold gas spraying depends on the sprayed material. Thus, e.g. for soft materials like tin speeds between
  • inert gases such as argon or preferably nitrogen can be used.
  • the amount of powder may be selected depending on the powder size and the desired layer properties such as hardness and porosity, typically it will be between 5 g / min and 50 g / min. Higher levels are chosen for more porous layers, while denser layers require smaller amounts of powder.
  • the parameters are similar, but it comes to the gas type. It may depend on the desired combustion temperature e.g. Acetylene (up to> 3000 ° C) or hydrogen (up to 2800 ° C) or corresponding mixtures, such as. Forming gas, used.
  • desired combustion temperature e.g. Acetylene (up to> 3000 ° C) or hydrogen (up to 2800 ° C) or corresponding mixtures, such as. Forming gas, used.
  • the speed of the particles depends again on the material as above.
  • the residence time of the powder in the jet i.e., the distance of the nozzle from the surface to be coated
  • the residence time of the powder in the jet i.e., the distance of the nozzle from the surface to be coated
  • the sliding layer 3 is constructed exclusively of metallic materials, there is the possibility, in particular those regions 9, which are coated with the softer material from a bonded coating by spraying the lubricating varnish in these areas with or without a mask 9 are produced.
  • regions 9, which are coated with the softer material from a bonded coating by spraying the lubricating varnish in these areas with or without a mask 9 are produced.
  • bonded coatings For example, polytetrafluoroethylene, fluorine-containing resins, such as, for example, perfluoroalkoxy copolymers, polyfluoroalkoxy-polytetrafluoroethylene copolymers, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, fluorine-containing resins, can be used as bonded coatings.
  • fluorine-containing resins such as, for example, perfluoroalkoxy copolymers, polyfluoroalkoxy-polytetrafluoroethylene copolymers, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, fluorine-containing resins
  • ethylene-propylene copolymers polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, alternating copolymers, random copolymers such as perfluoroethylene propylene, polyester imides, bismaleimides, polyimide resins such as carborane imides, aromatic polyimide resins, hydrogen-free polyimide resins, polytriazo-pyromellithimides, polyamideimides, in particular aromatic, polyaryletherimides optionally modified with isocyanates, polyetherimides, optionally modified with isocyanates, epoxy resins, epoxy resin esters, phenolic resins, polyamide 6, polyamide 66, polyoxymethylene, silicones, polyaryl ethers, polyaryl ketones, polyaryletherketones, polyaryletherketones, polyetheretherketones, polyetherketones, polyvinylidene difluorides, polyethylene sulfides , Allylene sulfide, polytriazo pyromellithimides, polyester im
  • a lubricating varnish consisting in a dry state of 40 wt .-% to 45 wt .-% MoS 2 , 20 wt .-% to 25 wt .-% graphite and 30 wt .- to 40 wt .-% polyamide imide, wherein
  • hard particles such as, for example, oxides, nitrides or carbides, may be present in the bonded coating in a proportion of not more than 20% by weight, which replace a proportion of the solid lubricants.
  • This bonded coating has the advantage that the softer layer regions 9 are effective, in particular, in the inlet chamfer of the sliding bearing 1 during adaptation to the counterpart to be supported and, of course, a certain amount of abrasion arises that this is abradable in the form of relatively small particles, so that they Particles in the sequence neither the surface of the sliding bearing, so the sliding layer 3, disturb, nor disturbing effect in an oil circuit.
  • a material for the area 8 is used, which has a hardness which is greater by at least 20% than the hardness of the other material.
  • the material 5 may have a hardness of Vickers at a test force of 10 Pond, selected from a range with a lower limit of 30 HV and an upper limit of 40 HV and the further material has a hardness selected from a range with a lower limit of 50 HV and an upper limit of 70 HV.
  • the softer, further material is deposited in the areas 9 with a higher surface roughness than the first material 5.
  • this can be achieved by spraying the particles at a lower speed against the substrate to be coated ,
  • the surface roughness may differ by at least 10% between the two regions 8, 9, that is, the region 9 may have an at least 10% higher surface roughness.
  • the maximum roughness profile height Rz according to DIN EN ISO 4287 of region 9 can be selected from a range with a lower limit of Rz 10 and an upper limit of Rz 50.
  • the maximum roughness profile height Rz according to DEN EN ISO 4287 is at most Rz 35.
  • the further material with a higher porosity than the first material 5, for example by increasing the powder throughput per unit of time or by reducing the injection speed.
  • the porosity of the further material may be greater by at least 10%, in particular at least 20%, than that of the first material 5.
  • 3 shows a variant of the sliding bearing 1 in plan view of the sliding layer 3.
  • a sliding bearing 1 is provided, in which the tendency to eat of the hard material 5 is reduced or avoided in the area 8 by high edge load and is also achieved that relative to the material 5 softer material in the areas 9 in Edge area after Completion of the adjustment during the break-in phase still has a sufficient strength, so that the load to be carried on the entire running surface of the sliding bearing 1 is distributed.
  • the hardnesses are designed differently from the preferred, described embodiments, ie, for example, the harder material 5 is applied in the two regions 9 or at least one further region 9 and the softer material in the region 8.
  • a hardness gradient is produced, wherein the gradient is preferably designed such that these regions 9 in the region of the surface, the means in the area of the tread, are soft and the hardness in the direction of the substrate, so for example on the support member 2, increases, so after the break-in these softer areas 9 also have a higher strength and thus improved contribute to load transfer.
  • This hardness gradient can be achieved for example by different particle speeds and / or alloying compositions.
  • Fig. 4 shows a variant of the sliding bearing 1 in plan view of the sliding layer 3, in the area 8 of the sliding layer 3 further areas 9, in the illustrated embodiment in the region of at least one end face of the sliding bearing 1, also another material is applied and
  • a license plate which is shown in Fig. 4, for example in the form of the logo of the manufacturer.
  • the license plate 1 1 need not necessarily be applied in the form of letters, for example, various barcodes, etc. or number codes can be applied.
  • the application of this mark 1 1 again takes place with a mask, wherein also in these areas of the further material of the plate 1 1 with the ground, so for example, the support member 2, is in direct contact.
  • this indicator 1 1 also fulfills a tribological function, due to the material used for the number plate 1 1. It is advantageous if this indicator 1 1 in at least one of the frontal Edge regions of the sliding bearing 1, as shown in Fig. 4, is attached, since in these areas of the dirt entry is increased during operation of the sliding bearing 1 and thus contributes to this characteristic 11 for embedding the foreign particles or the abrasion particles. For the sake of completeness it should be mentioned that in this embodiment variant according to FIG. 4 additional regions 9 are present analogous to embodiments 2, which are coated with a further material, for example the material which is used for the indicator 11.
  • Fig. 5 shows a cross section through a sliding bearing 1 in the direction of the end edge of the sliding bearing 1. Shown again is the substrate, that is, the support member 2 on which the sliding layer 3 is deposited directly, with the first material 5 in the area 8 and the Further material in the two lateral regions 9.
  • the further material for the regions 9 is deposited with a higher layer thickness in comparison to the layer thickness of the material 5 for the region 8. In particular, therefore, that material is deposited with a higher layer thickness, which has the lower hardness.
  • the layer thickness difference can be between 10% and 30% of the largest
  • Be layer thickness ie the layer thickness in the region of the other material of the areas.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'un palier lisse (1) à plusieurs couches, selon lequel au moins une couche, en particulier une couche de glissement (3), est déposée sur une surface de substrat d'un substrat par un procédé de pulvérisation. La couche est constituée d'au moins deux matériaux différents. Dans une première étape, un premier matériau (5) est pulvérisé sur le substrat seulement dans au moins une zone définie (8), des zones de la surface du substrat qui ne doivent pas être revêtues de ce matériau (5) étant protégées par un masque (6) contre le dépôt du matériau (5), et dans au moins une deuxième étape, la ou les autres zones (9) sont revêtues par pulvérisation avec au moins l'un des autres matériaux.
PCT/AT2011/000320 2010-07-30 2011-08-01 Procédé pour la fabrication d'un palier lisse à plusieurs couches WO2012012818A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN2011800373834A CN103038525A (zh) 2010-07-30 2011-08-01 用来制造多层滑动轴承的方法
KR1020137001736A KR20130041919A (ko) 2010-07-30 2011-08-01 다층 미끄럼 베어링의 제조 방법

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ATA1282/2010 2010-07-30
ATA1282/2010A AT510190B1 (de) 2010-07-30 2010-07-30 Verfahren zum herstellen eines mehrschichtigen gleitlagers

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2669400A1 (fr) * 2012-06-01 2013-12-04 Sulzer Metco AG Poudre mouillable sans zinc, couche de diffusion thermique contenant du cuivre, ainsi que procédé de génération d'une couche de diffusion thermique cuivreuse
DE102014008909A1 (de) 2014-06-14 2014-12-04 Daimler Ag Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum thermischen Beschichten einer Innenwand eines zylinderförmigen Lagerbereichs
AT524179A1 (de) * 2020-08-28 2022-03-15 Miba Gleitlager Austria Gmbh Hydrodynamisches Gleitlager
WO2022167451A1 (fr) * 2021-02-08 2022-08-11 Aktiebolaget Skf Composant de palier
US11644012B2 (en) 2018-03-23 2023-05-09 Miba Gleitlager Austria Gmbh Wind turbine gearbox and method for producing a wind turbine gearbox

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AT511434B1 (de) * 2012-01-16 2012-12-15 Miba Gleitlager Gmbh Gleitlager
CN114618719B (zh) * 2022-03-30 2024-01-30 丰宾电子科技股份有限公司 一种电容器极片的银浆喷涂装置

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EP0677149B1 (fr) 1992-12-29 1996-08-28 Metal Leve S/A. Industria E Comercio Palier de glissement multicouche
DE102004030017A1 (de) 2003-06-30 2005-02-24 Daido Metal Co. Ltd., Nagoya Gleitelement
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DE102004043914A1 (de) 2004-09-10 2006-03-16 Linde Ag Gleitlagerbauteil mit einer aufgebrachten Schicht aus Lagermetall und Verfahren zum Aufbringen einer Schicht aus Lagermetall
EP1900473A1 (fr) * 2006-09-15 2008-03-19 ThyssenKrupp Automotive AG Procédé de fabrication d'une bielle
DE102006060021A1 (de) * 2006-12-19 2008-06-26 Ecka Granulate Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zur Herstellung einer hochbelastbaren Beschichtung und deren Verwendung
WO2009059344A2 (fr) 2007-11-09 2009-05-14 Miba Gleitlager Gmbh Élément palier

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR58501E (fr) * 1941-10-20 1954-01-27 Electrochimie Soc Perfectionnements apportés aux coussinets, notamment à ceux à coquille en acier garnie intérieurement d'un doublage
DE4008671A1 (de) * 1990-03-17 1991-10-10 Glyco Metall Werke Radial-axialgleitlager in form von bundlager oder bundbuchse sowie verfahren zu seiner herstellung
EP0677149B1 (fr) 1992-12-29 1996-08-28 Metal Leve S/A. Industria E Comercio Palier de glissement multicouche
DE102004030017A1 (de) 2003-06-30 2005-02-24 Daido Metal Co. Ltd., Nagoya Gleitelement
WO2005033353A2 (fr) 2003-10-08 2005-04-14 Miba Gleitlager Gmbh Alliage, en particulier pour une couche de glissement
DE102004043914A1 (de) 2004-09-10 2006-03-16 Linde Ag Gleitlagerbauteil mit einer aufgebrachten Schicht aus Lagermetall und Verfahren zum Aufbringen einer Schicht aus Lagermetall
EP1900473A1 (fr) * 2006-09-15 2008-03-19 ThyssenKrupp Automotive AG Procédé de fabrication d'une bielle
DE102006060021A1 (de) * 2006-12-19 2008-06-26 Ecka Granulate Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zur Herstellung einer hochbelastbaren Beschichtung und deren Verwendung
WO2009059344A2 (fr) 2007-11-09 2009-05-14 Miba Gleitlager Gmbh Élément palier

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2669400A1 (fr) * 2012-06-01 2013-12-04 Sulzer Metco AG Poudre mouillable sans zinc, couche de diffusion thermique contenant du cuivre, ainsi que procédé de génération d'une couche de diffusion thermique cuivreuse
US9097276B2 (en) 2012-06-01 2015-08-04 Oerlikon Metco Ag Bearing part and thermal spray method
US9885382B2 (en) 2012-06-01 2018-02-06 Oerlikon Metco Ag, Wohlen Zinc-free spray powder, copper-containing thermal spray layer, as well as method of manufacturing a copper-containing thermal spray layer
DE102014008909A1 (de) 2014-06-14 2014-12-04 Daimler Ag Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum thermischen Beschichten einer Innenwand eines zylinderförmigen Lagerbereichs
US11644012B2 (en) 2018-03-23 2023-05-09 Miba Gleitlager Austria Gmbh Wind turbine gearbox and method for producing a wind turbine gearbox
AT524179A1 (de) * 2020-08-28 2022-03-15 Miba Gleitlager Austria Gmbh Hydrodynamisches Gleitlager
AT524179B1 (de) * 2020-08-28 2022-05-15 Miba Gleitlager Austria Gmbh Hydrodynamisches Gleitlager
WO2022167451A1 (fr) * 2021-02-08 2022-08-11 Aktiebolaget Skf Composant de palier

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AT510190A1 (de) 2012-02-15
AT510190B1 (de) 2012-05-15
CN103038525A (zh) 2013-04-10
KR20130041919A (ko) 2013-04-25

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