WO2012012818A1

WO2012012818A1 - Method for producing a multi-layered sliding bearing

Info

Publication number: WO2012012818A1
Application number: PCT/AT2011/000320
Authority: WO
Inventors: Georg Leonardelli
Original assignee: Miba Gleitlager Gmbh
Priority date: 2010-07-30
Filing date: 2011-08-01
Publication date: 2012-02-02
Also published as: AT510190A1; AT510190B1; KR20130041919A; CN103038525A

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a multi-layered sliding bearing (1), according to which method at least one layer, in particular a sliding layer (3), is deposited on a surface of a substrate by a spraying method. The layer is produced from at least two different materials, wherein, in a first step, a first material (5) is sprayed onto the substrate only in at least one defined region (8), wherein regions of the substrate surface that are not intended to be coated by said material (5) are protected with a mask (6) against the deposition of the material (5) and wherein, in at least one second step, the further region(s) (9) is or are coated with at least one of the further materials by spraying.

Description

Method for producing a multilayer plain bearing

The invention relates to a method for producing a multilayer plain bearing, according to which at least one layer, in particular a sliding layer, is deposited on a substrate surface of a substrate by a spraying method, and a sliding bearing comprising a supporting layer and a sliding layer, wherein the sliding layer in a plane in at least two areas is divided, which consist of a first material and a different second material. Conventional liners of plain bearings are either made of soft materials, e.g. Lead, tin, bismuth, or formed by hard materials, such as alloys of copper, silver or nickel. Soft running layers are characterized by their high embedding capacity against dirt and foreign body particles, but wear out quickly or break under very high loads. Hard running layers have a high level of wear resistance and are highly resilient, but react aggressively to dirt particles.

To solve this conflict is in the originating from the Applicant WO

A sliding bearing has been proposed in which the running layer is formed at least by a first partial application layer and a comparatively softer second partial application layer, wherein at least the second partial application layer has a varying layer thickness over a length and / or a width of the tread.

EP 0 677 149 B1 describes a composite sliding bearing with opposite end edges, comprising a carrier layer, an intermediate layer made of a material having a certain degree of hardness, and a sliding layer made of a material less hard than that of the intermediate layer wherein the sliding layer is provided on at least a substantial part of the intermediate layer and has an inner side. The intermediate layer has a radially inner surface defined by a pair of surfaces eccentric to the bearing, the surfaces of each pair of surfaces intersecting along a cutting line passing through at least a portion of the circumferential ones

Covered extension of the bearing and which is inclined relative to the opposite end edges of the bearing, wherein the surfaces fall off from the respective cutting line to reduce the thickness of the intermediate layer from the cutting line, and the radial inner surface of the sliding layer has a radius of curvature which is equal to the maximum between the axis of the bearing and each point of each cutting line. There is thus provided a sleeve bearing having higher load capacity and higher wear resistance in all phases of its life, while maintaining adequate embedment capability while reducing shaft wear.

From DE 38 16 404 AI a ternary sliding bearing is known in which the intermediate layer is arranged of a harder bearing metal only in the axial edge regions of the bearing. In the heavily loaded center of the bearing, the sliding layer is supported directly by the steel support shell. There are thus breakthroughs avoided in the middle of the warehouse.

Furthermore, so-called groove bearings have already been described in the prior art, e.g. in DE 10 2004 030 017 A1, in which the sliding alloy layer is coated with a soft material, e.g. Tin, filled grooves. The object of the present invention is to provide a plain bearing, which has a good embedding capacity for foreign substances while good wear resistance of the overlay, and to provide a method for its production.

This object is achieved on the one hand by the method mentioned, in which the layer is made of at least two mutually different materials, wherein in a first step, one of the materials is sprayed onto the substrate only in defined areas, wherein areas of the substrate surface, with this Material are not to be coated, are protected with a mask before depositing the material, and that in at least a second step, the other areas are coated with at least one of the other materials by spraying, and by a sliding bearing, in which the two areas of the sliding layer are made of material powders, which are applied by means of a spraying process, wherein there is a connection in the boundary regions between the different materials, or by a sliding bearing, wherein the first region by a metallic bearing material and the second region by a lubricating varnish is formed.

The advantage here is that by the use of a mask or a template, so that with the first material not to be coated areas of the substrate, ie For example, the plain bearing half shell to cover, now a possibility is created that both materials or all materials from which the sliding layer is built, are in direct contact with the same substrate, so it is no longer necessary, with respect to the adhesion of the materials for the sliding layer looking back on each other, since the adhesive strength is achieved via the substrate or the underlying layer of the plain bearing. It is thus possible to use hitherto unusable combinations of materials for sliding bearing layers, in particular for sliding layers, so that sliding bearings can be produced that better meet the conflicting tasks, namely on the one hand the embedding and adaptability and on the other hand the carrying capacity or wear resistance. In addition, the efficiency for the production of these plain bearings is improved by the injection process, in particular, thus the use of different materials in the production of the respective layer of the plain bearing is made more economical. By using powdery materials to produce the regions of the sliding layer of different materials, which are applied by means of a spraying process, on the one hand the advantage is achieved that the coating of the substrate can be made more targeted due to the particle shape of these powders, so that a "bleeding" of On the other hand, the advantage that the spraying process produces a physical or mechanical bond between the materials even in the boundary regions between the materials, whereby the cohesion of the sliding layer can be improved possible that a region of the layer of a plurality of materials is formed by a lubricating varnish, whereby subsequent, in particular mechanical, machining can be carried out in a simpler and tool-preserving manner, so that any besc Errors that can occur, for example, due to over-extensive application of the material, can be corrected easily and inexpensively. In addition, the use of a lubricating varnish has the advantage that it can be applied at relatively low temperatures, so that a thermal stress in an already applied sub-layer of the layer of the plurality of materials and thus phase transformations in the metallic layer can be avoided, so that desired property profile is better predefinable. In addition, the use of a lubricating varnish has the advantage that it can be applied directly, even without possibly necessary, pretreatments of the substrate and also has a sufficiently high connection with the adjacent metallic areas of the substrate Layer is received. By forming the connections in the boundary regions between the regions of the different materials can also be prevented that one of the materials prematurely wears so far that this material would be lost in the further life cycle of the plain bearing.

According to a variant embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the at least one further material is initially applied to the substrate over its entire area and the first material is subsequently exposed by mechanical post-processing of the layer. Coating defects, which can occur, for example, if these regions do not completely fill in the first region (s) for the first material, can thereby be better compensated, with the additional advantage that by avoiding a mask for the deposition the further material of the coating process can be made easier in itself. On the other hand, there is the possibility that a mask for masking areas of the substrate surface already coated with the first material is also used for the deposition of the at least one further material on the substrate, whereby the economy can be improved insofar as on a subsequent, mechanical post-processing can be dispensed with to remove excess material and also material for coating can be saved.

In the preferred embodiment of the method, at least one of the materials is applied by a cold gas spraying method or by a high-speed flame spraying method. The advantages of both variants are that the particles impinge on the substrate at very high speed, whereby, despite the use of powdery particles, the particles are deposited on the substrate

Materials can be achieved very high layer densities at the same time low oxidation of the particles. In addition, the adhesion of the sprayed layer to the substrate can be significantly improved in comparison with other spray processes, without thereby obtaining too high a thermal stress on the substrate itself. The cold gas spraying process also achieves the advantage that the powdery materials can be applied to the substrate virtually unchanged, with the exception of a possibly resulting surface layer on the powder particles, so that the layer has the properties of Substance powder practically completely reproduces. To a lesser extent, this also applies to the high speed flame spraying process.

According to another embodiment variant of the invention, it is provided that a material which has a hardness which is at least 20%, in particular at least 25, preferably at least 30%, greater than the hardness of the at least one further, is sprayed on as the first material. sprayed material on the one hand to give the sliding bearing on the one hand the necessary adaptability and embedability for dirt particles or for particles from the abrasion and on the other hand the required hardness to improve the wear resistance.

In this case, the at least one further material is preferably applied exclusively in the region of at least one side edge of the substrate surface. It can thus better avoid the risk of seizing the slide bearing due to excessive edge loads in hard bearing materials, on the other hand after completion of the adjustment of the sliding surface of the sliding bearing to the bearing surface, so if the load is distributed over the entire bearing surface, the sliding bearing the harder middle area still has a sufficiently high strength. Furthermore, there is the possibility that the material, each with a different

Spraying be sprayed on, which can be better taken into account the material properties, so that subsequently the adhesive strength of the materials can be improved on the substrate surface.

It is also possible for the at least one further material with a greater surface roughness and / or higher porosity to be deposited than the first material. It can thus be achieved that, in the running-in phase of the slide bearing, the oil absorption of the slide bearing is improved by the formed topography of the surface of the region with the at least one further material, whereby the wear of the material in the break-in phase, in particular if this a soft material, can be significantly improved.

According to a particular embodiment of the method, it is provided that the first material is applied at least partially in the form of a license plate. In addition to the For functional reasons, as described above, the additional effect is achieved that, even after prolonged use of the slide bearing, the mark, after it has been firmly anchored in the layer, is still present, so that the slide bearing can be uniquely assigned and, for example, also demanded during maintenance work a similar warehouse can be carried out more easily. In addition, however, this embodiment also has the advantage that this indicator not only serves the basic recognition of the sliding bearing to see, but also can exercise a tribology of the plain bearing improving function. According to one embodiment variant of the slide bearing, it is provided that the connection between the regions of the different material powders is produced by a cold-kinetic compression process, so that the material used does not or does not significantly change by thermal stressing due to this joining process during the production of the slide bearing become.

For the reasons already mentioned above, it is advantageous if the bonded coating is arranged in at least one side region of the sliding layer of the sliding bearing.

There is also the possibility that the at least two regions of the different materials at least partially have a different layer thickness. This can be achieved that in particular the softer material of the two materials, if this is applied with a higher layer thickness, in the break-in phase mainly on the abutment surface, so for example the surface of a wave, is applied, so that the adjustment is mainly on these soft areas and so that wear in the area of the hard areas of the layer of the sliding bearing can be better avoided. There is also the possibility that in the run-in phase, the softer material is spent in the surface area of the harder material by abrasion and there can also contribute to the adaptation of the bearing surface to the abutment surface there. As mentioned, it is preferred if the material of the at least two different materials, which has a lower hardness than the other material, is applied with a greater layer thickness. The layer thickness difference is preferably between 10% and 30% of the greatest layer thickness. Below 10%, the desired effect described could not be sufficiently observed. Above 30%, the running-in phase of the plain bearing, ie the phase during the adaptation of the two bearing surfaces, is lengthened too much, whereby the plain bearing reaches its full capacity only too late.

By the formation of the layer, in particular the sliding layer, of the sliding bearing with areas of different materials and different height is also achieved, in particular when the two edge regions or side regions of the sliding bearing - viewed in the circumferential direction - have the raised areas that in the middle region of a kind

Lubricating or lubricating gap is formed so that in the run-in phase, the wear can be reduced again.

Furthermore, there is the possibility that the at least two different regions have a different surface roughness, in order to be able to better control or adjust the oil retention capacity in order to reduce wear.

It is advantageous if the material with the lower hardness has a greater surface roughness than the material with the higher hardness.

For a better understanding of the invention, this will be explained in more detail with reference to the following figures.

Each shows in a schematically simplified representation:

Figure 1 is a plain bearing in the form of a plain bearing half shell in side view.

2 shows a device for producing a plain bearing.

3 shows a variant of a plain bearing in plan view.

Fig. 4 shows another embodiment of a sliding bearing in plan view; a variant of a sliding bearing cut in front view. By way of introduction, it should be noted that in the differently described embodiments, identical parts are provided with the same reference numerals or identical component names, wherein the disclosures contained in the entire description can be mutatis mutandis to identical parts with the same reference numerals and component names. Also, the position information selected in the description, such as top, bottom, side, etc. related to the immediately described and illustrated figure and are to be transferred to a new position analogous to the new situation. Furthermore, individual features or combinations of features from the different exemplary embodiments shown and described can also represent independent solutions according to the invention.

1 shows a first embodiment variant of a slide bearing 1 in the form of a slide bearing half-shell with a support element 2 or a support shell, as well as a slide layer 3 directly attached thereto.

It should already be mentioned at this point that the invention is not limited to plain bearings 1 in the form of plain bearing half shells, but rather also other plain bearings 1 are included, such. Thrust rings, bearing bushings (shown by dashed lines in FIG. 1), as well as directly coated applications, such as e.g. the direct coating of a connecting rod bearing or a connecting rod, in particular with a sliding layer 3rd

The support member 2 is usually made of steel, but may of course be made of other materials known in slide bearing technology, such as e.g. Brass, bronzes, etc. By the support element 2, the sliding bearing is given the dimensional stability.

Between the sliding layer 3 and the support element 2, a bearing metal layer 4 may be arranged, as shown in broken lines in Figure 1.

The bearing metal layer 3 may, in principle, consist of the usual bearing metals known from the prior art for such bearing elements 1. Examples of bearing metal layers are: Bearing metals based on aluminum, in particular:

AlSn6CuNi, AlSn20Cu, AlSi4Cd, AlCd3CuNi, AlSil1Cu, AlSn6Cu, AlSn40, AlSn25CuMn, AlSil lCuMgNi; Bearing metals based on copper, in particular:

CuSnlO, CuAUOFe5Ni5, CuZn31Sil, CuPb24Sn2, CuSn8Bil0, CuSn5Zn;

Tin-based bearing metals, in particular:

SnSb8Cu4, SnSbl2Cu6Pb.

It is also possible to use bearing metals other than the bearing metals based on nickel, silver, iron or chromium alloys.

Furthermore, it is possible to arrange at least one intermediate layer in the form of a bonding layer or diffusion barrier layer between at least individual layers, that is, for example, the support element 2 and the bearing metal layer 4 and / or the bearing metal layer 4 and the sliding layer 4. The bonding layers or diffusion barrier layers may consist of the materials customary for this purpose, for example by an aluminum layer, tin layer, copper layer, nickel layer, silver layer or their alloys, in particular binary alloys.

The diffusion barrier layers usually have a small layer thickness of 1 to 3 μπι. Tie layers can have a layer thickness of up to 0.3 mm. The bearing metal layer 3 may have a layer thickness selected from a range with a lower limit of 100 μπι, preferably 300 μπι, and an upper limit of 3 mm, preferably 1 mm, the support member 2 may have a layer thickness selected from a range with a lower limit of 1 mm, preferably 2 mm, and an upper limit of 20 mm, preferably 8 mm.

According to the invention, the sliding layer 3 of the sliding bearing 1 consists of several, that is at least two, different materials, which are arranged in discrete areas on the substrate, that is, in the simplest case directly on the support member 2. Should intermediate layers be present between the sliding layer 3 and the sliding bearing 1, the substrate is accordingly formed by the arrangement of the respective layers one above the other, that is, for example, a support element 2 with bearing metal layer 4 arranged thereon. It should be noted at this point that in the following with regard to the invention, only the sliding layer 3 is treated. However, it is within the scope of the invention, of course, possible that other layers of the sliding bearing 1, in particular the optionally existing bearing metal layer 4, according to the invention with different, discrete areas with different materials is produced, with a combination of layers is possible in each These layers or at least two of these layers each consist of several different materials. In the event that the bearing metal layer 4 is made of at least two different materials, these materials can be selected from the materials mentioned above, wherein, if the sliding bearing 1 is produced with the preferred embodiment of the method, in particular by means of cold gas spraying or HVF spraying, All combinations of these materials are possible.

2 shows a highly schematically simplified coating process of the support element 2 with a first material 5. For this purpose, a mask 6 is placed on the support element 2 - in FIG. 2, the mask 6 is shown spaced from the surface of the support element 2 for reasons of clarity - and the material 5 is deposited by means of a coating device 7 on a first region 8. In this embodiment variant 1, this first region 8 extends from a central region into the two end edge regions of the support element 2, so that two lateral constrictions of this first region 8 exist in the region of the side edges, viewed in the circumferential direction of the sliding bearing 1. For this purpose, the mask 6 or the template is correspondingly shaped, so that these two constricted further regions 9 are covered and thus are not coated with the material 5 in this first coating step. There is also the possibility that the mask 6 is held at a slight distance from the surface of the substrate, that is to say the support element 2, by an external holding device, wherein this distance may be selected from a range with a lower limit of 0.5 mm and an upper limit of 20 mm, in particular from a range with a lower limit of 1 mm and an upper limit of 9 mm.

The coating device 7 comprises a spray nozzle 10 from which the material 5 emerges. Of course, these coating devices of course include various feeders for the material 5, which are not shown in Fig. 2.

As soon as this first region 8 is coated with the material 5, the mask 6 is removed. In a subsequent coating step, the two regions 9 are coated with a further material which is different from the material 5. In this case, this coating can take place in such a way that the entire surface of the substrate, that is to say of the support element 2, is coated with this further material on the inside, that is to say on the surface to be supported. In other words, therefore, the area 8 which has been previously coated with the material 5, also coated with the other material. In this embodiment variant of the method, in a final processing step, in particular a mechanical post-processing, for example by fine boring, in which the excess material which has been applied to the area 8, is removed again, so that both areas 8, 9, that is, the material 5 and the other material, visible on the finished slide bearing and can be brought to rest on a component to be stored.

In a variant of the method, there is the possibility that the area 8 is covered with a further mask and only the areas 9 are coated with the further material, again with a coating device 7.

It creates by these methods a sliding layer 3 of at least two materials of different nature - it can also more than two areas 8, 9 are formed on the sliding bearing 1 for the sliding layer 3 as needed, and it is also possible that more than two materials of different nature be used for several areas - wherein the sliding layer 3 forming materials in direct contact with the substrate, so in the present case with the support member 2, are. Preferably, the area 8 is coated with a hard material and the areas 9 are coated with a softer material in comparison. The material 5 may for example be selected from a group comprising CuSn5Zn, CuPb20Sn, AlZn. The further material for the regions 9 can be selected from a group comprising AlSn20Cu, AlSn40, AlSn40Cu, AlSnlOCu.

Preferred combinations of materials are, for example, CuSn5Zn / AlSn20Cu or CuPb20Sn / AlSn40Cu. It should, however, be noted that, in principle, alloys known from the prior art for sliding layers can be used as material 5 or further material.

In a preferred embodiment, the application of the material 5 and of the at least one further material takes place either by means of cold gas spraying or high-speed flame spraying, wherein combinations of these two methods are also possible, for example, the harder material 5 is applied for the area 8 by means of high-speed flame spraying and the softer material for the areas 9 by means of cold gas spraying. In principle, the method of cold gas spraying in the field of plain bearing production is already known. For example, Applicant's WO 2005/033353 A2 describes a method for producing the composite using cold gas spraying. The coating of a slide bearing by means of cold gas spraying is also already known from DE 10 2004 043 914 A1.

In the case of cold gas spraying, materials are known to be accelerated to a relatively high speed, in particular pulverulent materials, and consequently impact the surface of the substrate at high speed, during which impact the individual particles are firmly joined together to form a dense layer.

Similarly, in high velocity flame spraying (HVOF spraying), powdered materials are also accelerated at high speed against the substrate surface, again sealing by the impact on the substrate surface Layers arise. However, higher temperatures are usually used in high-speed flame spraying than is the case with cold gas spraying. However, both methods offer the advantage that low-oxide layers are formed due to the short residence time of the particles in the spray jet, so that therefore the resulting layers essentially have the composition which the powdered constituents have.

Because of the lower temperature, cold gas spraying is preferably used for the further material (s) for coating the regions 9, since these materials preferably contain low-melting elements, such as, for example, tin or bismuth.

Due to the high speed with which the powdery materials are applied to the substrate surface, a cold-kinetic compression process takes place, so that in the boundary regions between the areas 8 and 9, where the two different materials abut each other, by this cold-kinetic compaction, a combination of these two materials, Although they have a different composition, can be produced, so that therefore has the existing of the different materials sliding layer 3 in the layer despite different materials a high bond strength.

The high impact velocity also ensures that the connection with, i. Adhesion to the substrate surface is relatively high, so that a firm cohesion of

Layer structure, that is, the composite is achieved. However, should the bond strength of the sliding layer 3 on the substrate, that is the support element 2, be insufficient, it is possible that prior to coating the surface of the substrate, so for example the support member 2, is roughened, for example by mechanical and / or chemical methods, as known from the prior art.

In Fig. 2 it is shown that an already preformed semi-finished product is coated in the form of a half-shell. However, within the scope of the invention it is also possible for the coating to take place on a flat surface and for the mechanical conversion to the plain bearing half shell to be carried out only after the entire coating process has been completed. It is advantageous that the material 5 and the at least one, further material are cold-kinetic connected to the surface of the substrate, since thus during the forming process virtually no or only minor changes in the Powder-applied materials are caused, so that, if necessary, no thermal post-treatment after the forming process is required.

The speed of the particles during cold gas spraying depends on the sprayed material. Thus, e.g. for soft materials like tin speeds between

150m / s and 350m / s are necessary, for copper however 400m / s to 1100m / s. Hard materials can require even higher speeds.

As the carrier gas, inert gases such as argon or preferably nitrogen can be used.

The amount of powder may be selected depending on the powder size and the desired layer properties such as hardness and porosity, typically it will be between 5 g / min and 50 g / min. Higher levels are chosen for more porous layers, while denser layers require smaller amounts of powder.

For the HVOF spraying, the parameters are similar, but it comes to the gas type. It may depend on the desired combustion temperature e.g. Acetylene (up to> 3000 ° C) or hydrogen (up to 2800 ° C) or corresponding mixtures, such as. Forming gas, used.

The speed of the particles depends again on the material as above. In addition, the residence time of the powder in the jet (i.e., the distance of the nozzle from the surface to be coated) must be taken into account, since the surface of the particles is to be oxidized in a controlled manner.

In addition to the embodiment that the sliding layer 3 is constructed exclusively of metallic materials, there is the possibility, in particular those regions 9, which are coated with the softer material from a bonded coating by spraying the lubricating varnish in these areas with or without a mask 9 are produced. In principle, all known in the field of plain bearing technology

Use can be made of bonded coatings. For example, polytetrafluoroethylene, fluorine-containing resins, such as, for example, perfluoroalkoxy copolymers, polyfluoroalkoxy-polytetrafluoroethylene copolymers, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, fluorine-containing resins, can be used as bonded coatings. ethylene-propylene copolymers, polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, alternating copolymers, random copolymers such as perfluoroethylene propylene, polyester imides, bismaleimides, polyimide resins such as carborane imides, aromatic polyimide resins, hydrogen-free polyimide resins, polytriazo-pyromellithimides, polyamideimides, in particular aromatic, polyaryletherimides optionally modified with isocyanates, polyetherimides, optionally modified with isocyanates, epoxy resins, epoxy resin esters, phenolic resins, polyamide 6, polyamide 66, polyoxymethylene, silicones, polyaryl ethers, polyaryl ketones, polyaryletherketones, polyaryletherketones, polyetheretherketones, polyetherketones, polyvinylidene difluorides, polyethylene sulfides , Allylene sulfide, polytriazo pyromellithimides, polyester imides, polyaryl sulfides, polyvinyl sulfides, polyphenylene sulfides, polysulfones, polyethersulfones, polyarylsulfones, polyaryloxides, polyarylsulfides, and copolymers thereof.

Preference is given to a lubricating varnish consisting in a dry state of 40 wt .-% to 45 wt .-% MoS ₂ , 20 wt .-% to 25 wt .-% graphite and 30 wt .- to 40 wt .-% polyamide imide, wherein If appropriate, hard particles, such as, for example, oxides, nitrides or carbides, may be present in the bonded coating in a proportion of not more than 20% by weight, which replace a proportion of the solid lubricants. This bonded coating has the advantage that the softer layer regions 9 are effective, in particular, in the inlet chamfer of the sliding bearing 1 during adaptation to the counterpart to be supported and, of course, a certain amount of abrasion arises that this is abradable in the form of relatively small particles, so that they Particles in the sequence neither the surface of the sliding bearing, so the sliding layer 3, disturb, nor disturbing effect in an oil circuit.

Preferably, for the production of the sliding layer 3, a material for the area 8 is used, which has a hardness which is greater by at least 20% than the hardness of the other material. For example, the material 5 may have a hardness of Vickers at a test force of 10 Pond, selected from a range with a lower limit of 30 HV and an upper limit of 40 HV and the further material has a hardness selected from a range with a lower limit of 50 HV and an upper limit of 70 HV.

In principle, there is also the possibility in all methods that the softer, further material, provided that it has a full area as described above, also without a mask 6, can be used. was not or not completely removed and is thus available as a so-called enema layer.

There is also the possibility that in particular the softer, further material is deposited in the areas 9 with a higher surface roughness than the first material 5. For example, this can be achieved by spraying the particles at a lower speed against the substrate to be coated , In this case, the surface roughness may differ by at least 10% between the two regions 8, 9, that is, the region 9 may have an at least 10% higher surface roughness. The maximum roughness profile height Rz according to DIN EN ISO 4287 of region 9 can be selected from a range with a lower limit of Rz 10 and an upper limit of Rz 50. Preferably, the maximum roughness profile height Rz according to DEN EN ISO 4287 is at most Rz 35. Furthermore it is possible to deposit the further material with a higher porosity than the first material 5, for example by increasing the powder throughput per unit of time or by reducing the injection speed. The porosity of the further material may be greater by at least 10%, in particular at least 20%, than that of the first material 5.

It should be mentioned that it is also possible in principle that the conditions with regard to the surface roughness and the porosity can also be in the opposite direction than in the preferred embodiment. 3 shows a variant of the sliding bearing 1 in plan view of the sliding layer 3. The regions 9 in the side edge region - viewed in the circumferential direction of the sliding bearing 1 - continuously provided with the other, softer material, wherein the interface between the two materials, that is the material 5 and the other material, is rectilinear. With this embodiment of the invention, a sliding bearing 1 is provided, in which the tendency to eat of the hard material 5 is reduced or avoided in the area 8 by high edge load and is also achieved that relative to the material 5 softer material in the areas 9 in Edge area after Completion of the adjustment during the break-in phase still has a sufficient strength, so that the load to be carried on the entire running surface of the sliding bearing 1 is distributed.

It should be mentioned at this point that it is possible within the scope of the invention to make the regions 8, 9 also different in terms of their geometry.

In principle, it is also possible that the hardnesses are designed differently from the preferred, described embodiments, ie, for example, the harder material 5 is applied in the two regions 9 or at least one further region 9 and the softer material in the region 8.

Furthermore, there is the possibility that by means of the spraying process in the sliding layer 3, in particular in the regions 9 provided with the softer material, a hardness gradient is produced, wherein the gradient is preferably designed such that these regions 9 in the region of the surface, the means in the area of the tread, are soft and the hardness in the direction of the substrate, so for example on the support member 2, increases, so after the break-in these softer areas 9 also have a higher strength and thus improved contribute to load transfer. This hardness gradient can be achieved for example by different particle speeds and / or alloying compositions.

Fig. 4 shows a variant of the sliding bearing 1 in plan view of the sliding layer 3, in the area 8 of the sliding layer 3 further areas 9, in the illustrated embodiment in the region of at least one end face of the sliding bearing 1, also another material is applied and Although in the form of a license plate, which is shown in Fig. 4, for example in the form of the logo of the manufacturer. However, the license plate 1 1 need not necessarily be applied in the form of letters, for example, various barcodes, etc. or number codes can be applied. The application of this mark 1 1 again takes place with a mask, wherein also in these areas of the further material of the plate 1 1 with the ground, so for example, the support member 2, is in direct contact. In addition to the pure characteristic function, this indicator 1 1 also fulfills a tribological function, due to the material used for the number plate 1 1. It is advantageous if this indicator 1 1 in at least one of the frontal Edge regions of the sliding bearing 1, as shown in Fig. 4, is attached, since in these areas of the dirt entry is increased during operation of the sliding bearing 1 and thus contributes to this characteristic 11 for embedding the foreign particles or the abrasion particles. For the sake of completeness it should be mentioned that in this embodiment variant according to FIG. 4 additional regions 9 are present analogous to embodiments 2, which are coated with a further material, for example the material which is used for the indicator 11.

In order to increase the characteristic force of the plate 11 further, there is the possibility that this is made of a material that is different color to the material of the tread, that is the material 5 of the area 8.

Fig. 5 shows a cross section through a sliding bearing 1 in the direction of the end edge of the sliding bearing 1. Shown again is the substrate, that is, the support member 2 on which the sliding layer 3 is deposited directly, with the first material 5 in the area 8 and the Further material in the two lateral regions 9. In this embodiment, the further material for the regions 9 is deposited with a higher layer thickness in comparison to the layer thickness of the material 5 for the region 8. In particular, therefore, that material is deposited with a higher layer thickness, which has the lower hardness. The layer thickness difference can be between 10% and 30% of the largest

Be layer thickness, ie the layer thickness in the region of the other material of the areas. 9

In the following table, some selected examples of material combinations for the areas 8 and 9 of the sliding layer 3 are given in connection with their preferred use. However, these examples are not intended to be limiting in terms of the scope of protection of the application, as long as areas 8, 9 are provided for the sliding layer 3, which have a different hardness compared to each other, the area (s) compared to the one or more Area (s) 9 are harder. Thus, other hard / soft combinations within the scope of the invention are possible.

No. Range 8 Range 9 Application

The embodiments show possible embodiments of the sliding bearing 1, wherein it should be noted at this point that the invention is not limited to the specifically illustrated embodiments thereof, but also various combinations of the individual embodiments are mutually possible and this variation possibility due to the teaching of technical Acting by objective invention in the skill of those working in this technical field is the expert. Thus, all conceivable embodiments which are possible by combinations of individual details of the embodiment variant shown and described are also included in the scope of protection within the scope of the claims.

For the sake of order, it should finally be pointed out that, for a better understanding of the design of the slide bearing 1, this or its components have been shown partially unevenly and / or enlarged and / or reduced in size. Above all, the individual embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 can form the subject of independent solutions according to the invention.

REFERENCE NUMBERS

bearings

support element

Overlay

Bearing metal layer

material

mask

Beschichtungseinrichtun;

Area

spray nozzle

Mark

Claims

Patent claims

1. A method for producing a multilayer plain bearing (1), according to which on a substrate surface of a substrate by a spraying process at least one layer, in particular a sliding layer (3), is deposited, characterized in that the

Layer is made of at least two mutually different materials, wherein in a first step, a first materials (5) is sprayed onto the substrate only in at least one defined area (8), wherein areas of the substrate surface, not coated with this material (5) be protected with a mask (6) before the deposition of the material (5), and that in at least a second step, the or the further (s) area (s) (9) coated with at least one of the other materials by spraying become.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one further material initially applied over the entire surface of the substrate and the first material (5) is then exposed by a mechanical post-processing of the layer.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that for the deposition of the at least one further material on the substrate also a mask (6) for blanking of the with the first material (5) already coated area (8) of the substrate surface are used.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least one of the materials is applied by a cold gas spraying method or by a high-speed flame spraying method.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that as the first material (5) a material is sprayed, which has a hardness which is greater by at least 20% than the hardness of the at least one further sprayed-on material.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the at least one further material is applied exclusively in the region of at least one side edge of the substrate surface.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the

Materials are sprayed with a different spray method.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the at least one further material having a greater surface roughness and / or higher porosity is deposited than the first material (5).

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the first or the second material (5) is applied at least partially in the form of a mark.

10. Sliding bearing (1) comprising a support layer (2) and a sliding layer (3), wherein the sliding layer (3) in a plane in at least two regions (8, 9) is divided, consisting of a first material (5) and a consist of different second material, characterized in that the two regions consist of material powders, which are applied by means of a spraying process, wherein in the boundary regions between the materials, there is a connection.

1 1. plain bearing (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that the connection is made by a cold-kinetic compression process.

12 sliding bearing (1) comprising a support layer (2) and a sliding layer (3), wherein the sliding layer (3) in a plane in at least two regions (8, 9) is divided, consisting of a first material (5) and a For this purpose, different second material consist, characterized in that in the first region (8) a metallic sliding bearing material and in the second region (9) a lubricating varnish is applied.

13. plain bearing (1) according to claim 12, characterized in that the lubricating varnish in at least one side region of the sliding layer (3) is arranged.

14. plain bearing (1) according to one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the at least two regions (8, 9) at least partially have a different layer thickness.

15. plain bearing (1) according to claim 14, characterized in that the further

Material of at least two different materials having a lower hardness than the first material (5) has a greater layer thickness.

16 slide bearing (1) according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the layer thickness difference between 10% and 30% of the largest layer thickness.

17. sliding bearing (1) according to one of claims 10 to 16, characterized in that the at least two different regions (8, 9) have a different surface roughness.

18. plain bearing (1) according to claim 17, characterized in that the material having the lower hardness has a greater surface roughness.