KR20130041919A - Method for producing a multi-layered sliding bearing - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a multilayer sliding bearing (1), in which at least one layer, in particular a sliding layer (3), is deposited on the surface of a substrate by thermal spraying. The layer is formed of at least two different materials, in which in a first step the first material 5 is sprayed only on at least one restricted area 8 of the substrate, and when applied with this material 5 The area of the substrate surface, which should not be protected, is protected prior to the deposition of the material 5 with a mask 6 and in at least a second step the further area (s) 9 are sprayed onto at least one of the further materials. By coating.

Description

METHOD FOR PRODUCING A MULTI-LAYERED SLIDING BEARING}

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a method of manufacturing a multilayer sliding bearing, wherein at least one layer, in particular a sliding layer, is deposited on a substrate surface of a substrate through a spraying process, and at least in a support layer and one plane. A sliding bearing comprising a sliding layer divided into two regions.

The sliding layer of the conventional sliding bearing is formed of a soft material such as lead, tin, bismuth or a hard material such as copper, gold or nickel alloy. The soft sliding layer is characterized by higher embedding performance compared to contaminants and foreign particles, but is damaged when worn out quickly or under high load. The hard sliding layer has high wear resistance and high load capacity, but aggressively reacts to contaminated particles.

In order to solve this contrasting property, a sliding bearing is disclosed from the applicant's WO 2009/059344 A2, in which the sliding layer is formed of at least a first partial sliding layer and a softer second partial sliding layer. At least the second partial sliding layer has a layer thickness that is variable over the length and / or width of the sliding layer.

EP 0 677 149 B1 discloses a composite sliding bearing with opposite end edges opposite, which bearing is made of a support layer, an intermediate layer made of a material of a certain hardness, and a slip made of a material of lower hardness than the intermediate layer. Layer, wherein the sliding layer is provided in at least an essential part of the intermediate layer and has an inner surface. The intermediate layer has a radially inner surface, which is defined by a pair of surfaces eccentric to the bearing, wherein each pair of surfaces is covered by a cutting line, ie at least a portion of the circumferential extension of the bearing and bearing Intersect along the inclined cutting line with respect to the opposite end edge of the cross section. The surfaces are then inclined starting from each cutting line to reduce the thickness of the intermediate layer from the cutting line, and the radially inner surface of the sliding layer has a maximum radius of curvature equal to the spacing between the bearing axes and each point on each cutting line. Have Thus, sliding bearings with greater load capacity and better wear resistance are produced for the entire lifetime, while maintaining appropriate embedding capacity while reducing shaft wear.

DE 38 16 404 A1 discloses a three-component sliding bearing in which an intermediate layer of harder bearing metal is provided only in the axial edge region of the bearing. The sliding layer is supported directly by a steel-backed shell at the bearing center with high load capacity. Thus, yield is prevented at the center of the bearing.

Ball bearings already mentioned in the prior art are also disclosed, for example, in DE 10 2004 030 017 A1, in which the sliding alloy layer has grooves filled with a soft material, for example tin.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a sliding bearing having excellent wear resistance of the sliding layer and an excellent embedding ability for foreign matter, and a method of manufacturing the same.

This object is achieved by the first mentioned manufacturing method, wherein the layer is made of at least two different materials, in which the first step one of the materials is applied only to at least a limited area on the substrate and should not be coated with this material. Another area of the substrate surface to be protected is masked prior to the deposition of the material, a manufacturing method in which at least a second area is coated by thermal spraying with another material in at least a second step, and a powder in which two areas of the sliding layer are applied by thermal spraying A bearing made of a material, which is achieved by a bearing in which a coupling is made at a boundary region between different materials, or a bearing formed by a metallic sliding bearing material and a second region by a lubricating coating.

The advantage here is that both materials or all materials forming the sliding layer, for example by using a mask or pattern to protect the area of the substrate which should not be coated with the first material, ie to hide the sliding bearing half shell. Is in direct contact with the same substrate, so that no further consideration is required with regard to the mutual adhesion of the materials to the sliding layer. This is because adhesion is achieved on a substrate or on a layer of sliding bearing that lies beneath it. Thereby a combination of materials that has not been available for sliding bearing layers, in particular sliding layers, can thus be used, thus providing a better bearing, i.e. embedding capacity and adaptability on the one hand and load capacity or wear resistance on the other hand. A sliding bearing can be produced which is the object of the present invention to be achieved. In addition, the thermal spraying method improves the economics of manufacturing such a sliding bearing, and in particular, makes it possible to use various materials more economically in the manufacture of each layer of the sliding bearing. By using a powdered material that is applied by at least one thermal spraying method to form the area of the sliding layer with different materials, on the one hand the coating of the substrate can be made to serve a more purpose due to the particle shape of the powder, That is, "spreading" of the material into the adjacent layer region is prevented, and on the other hand, the physical or mechanical bonds between the materials are created in the boundary region between the materials by the thermal spraying itself, thereby improving the adhesion of the sliding layer. Advantages are achieved. In addition, an area of a layer consisting of a plurality of materials can be formed with a lubricating coating, which allows subsequent, in particular mechanical processing, to be carried out in a simpler and safer tool, thereby optionally applying the material over a large area. Coating errors that can occur can be removed more simply and easily. In addition, by using a lubricating coating, this lubricating coating can be applied at a relatively low temperature, so that thermal loads and the resulting state deformation on the already applied partial layer among layers of a plurality of materials can be prevented in the metal layer and thereby The advantage is that the desired property profile can be better defined in advance. The use of a lubricating coating also allows the lubricating coating to be applied directly without the necessary pretreatment of the substrate, as the case may be, in addition to a sufficiently high bonding force with adjacent metallic regions of the layer. The formation of a bond at the boundary between the areas consisting of different materials can prevent the early disappearance of one of the materials during the remaining life cycle of the sliding bearing.

According to a variant of the invention at least one further material is first applied to the entire surface of the substrate and then the first material is exposed by mechanical post-treatment of the layer. This makes it possible to better compensate for coating errors that may appear, for example, when not filling 100% of the first region (s) for the first material, and also by not using marks for the deposition of another material. Can be formed more simply.

On the other hand a mask can be used to mask the area of the substrate surface already coated with the first material for the deposition of at least one other material on the substrate, so that subsequent mechanical post-treatment for removal of excess material Economics can be further improved in that it can be omitted and the coating material can be saved.

In a preferred embodiment of the method herein, at least one of the materials is applied by low temperature spraying or by high speed flame spraying. The advantage of these two variants is that the particles impinge on the substrate at high speed, so that despite the use of powdered materials the layer has a very high density and at the same time a slight oxidation of the particles. Also, the adhesion of the thermal sprayed layer on the substrate can be significantly improved compared to other thermal spraying methods without the substrate itself being subjected to a high thermal load. In the case of low temperature spraying, with the exception of the boundary layer, which sometimes occurs at the boundary of the powder particles, the powdery material can be applied to the substrate without substantially changing, thus achieving the advantage that the layer substantially reproduces the properties of the material powder. The same applies to high speed flame spraying.

According to another variant embodiment of the present invention, on the one hand to give the bearing the required hardness for contaminating particles or falling particles due to friction, on the other hand to give the required hardness for the improvement of wear resistance. For example, a material having a hardness of at least 20%, in particular at least 25%, preferably at least 30% greater than the hardness of at least one sprayed another material can be sprayed as the first material.

At least one further material is then preferably applied only to at least one side edge region of the substrate surface. This prevents the risk of freting of the sliding bearings as a result of high edge loads when the bearing material is hard, on the other hand, after the sliding surfaces of the sliding bearings have completed adaptation to the bearing mating surfaces, i.e. When distributed over the entire bearing surface the sliding bearings have a sufficiently high strength by means of a harder central region.

Also, the materials can be sprayed by different spraying methods, so that the material properties can be better considered, so that the adhesion of the materials on the substrate surface can be improved. In addition, at least one other material may be deposited with greater surface roughness and / or higher porosity than the first material. Thus, the shape of the oil bearing of the sliding bearing can be improved by the shape formed on the surface of the area with at least one further material in the breaking-in step of the sliding bearing, so that during the breaking-in step, in particular when this material is made of soft material The wear of the material can be significantly improved.

According to a particular variant of the method herein the first material may be applied at least partially in the form of a cord. As a result, in addition to the advantages described above in relation to function, the sliding bearings can be reliably classified in the layer even after the bearing has been used for a longer period of time so that the sliding bearings can be reliably classified and, for example, during the maintenance of bearings of the same type In addition, the additional effect that can be made simpler to achieve is achieved. In addition, the present modified embodiment has the advantage that such a code can be used not only to identify the principle of the sliding bearing but also to improve the shape of the sliding bearing.

According to a variant embodiment of the sliding bearing a bond is formed by a low temperature dynamic compression process between the areas of different powder materials, whereby the material used during the manufacture of the sliding bearing by this bonding process is related to their properties. It does not change or is essentially unchanged by the thermal load.

It is preferred when a lubricating coating is provided in at least one side region of the sliding layer of the sliding bearing for the reasons already mentioned above.

It is also possible for at least two regions of different materials to have at least partially different layer thicknesses. Thereby, during the break-in step, the softer of the two materials, in particular the softer material, is applied mainly to the corresponding bearing surface, ie adjacent to the surface of the shaft, whereby mainly adaptation occurs on this soft area. Wear of the hard areas in the layer of the sliding bearing can be better prevented. The softer material is then also abraded by wear at the surface of the harder material during the break-in step, as a result of which the bearing surface can contribute to adaptation to the corresponding bearing surface.

As already mentioned, among the at least two various materials, a material having a hardness that is less than the rest of the materials is preferable when applied to a thicker layer thickness.

The layer thickness difference is preferably between 10% and 30% of the thickest layer thickness. If it is 10% or less, the desirable effects described cannot be fully observed. If it exceeds 30%, the break-in step of the sliding bearings, i.e. during the adaptation of the two bearing faces, becomes too long, so that the sliding bearings only reach their performance completely until too late.

In addition, a layer of sliding bearings with a range of materials and areas of different heights, in particular a sliding layer, is formed, in which a kind of lubrication groove is provided in the central area, especially when the two edge areas or the side areas of the sliding bearing have a raised area in the circumferential direction. Or a lubrication gap is formed and thereby wear can be reduced again in the taming step.

In addition, the at least two regions can have various surface roughnesses so that the oil holding force can be better controlled or adjusted, thereby reducing wear.

In this connection it is preferred that the lower hardness material has a greater surface roughness than the higher hardness material.

The invention will be described in greater detail using the following figures in order to better understand the present invention.
1 is a side view illustrating a sliding bearing in the form of a sliding bearing half shell;
2 is a schematic view showing a sliding bearing manufacturing apparatus.
3 is a plan view showing a modified embodiment of the sliding bearing.
4 is a plan view showing yet another modified embodiment of the sliding bearing.
5 is a front view showing a modified embodiment of the sliding bearing.

In each of the described embodiments, the same member is provided with the same reference numeral or the same member name, and the disclosure included in the entire description may be applied to the same member with the same member number or the same member name. In addition, the location information selected in the description, such as up, down, side to side, etc., is related to the very drawings to be described, and should be applied to the new location in a meaningful way if the location is changed. Also individual features or feature combinations of the different embodiments shown and described are in themselves independent solutions according to the invention.

1 shows a first variant of a sliding bearing 1 in the form of a sliding bearing half shell, including a support element 2 or a support shell and a sliding layer 3 mounted directly thereon. An example is shown.

The invention is not limited to a sliding bearing 1 in the form of a sliding bearing half shell, but rather another sliding bearing 1, such as a thrust ring, a bearing bush (shown in dashed lines in FIG. 1) and a connecting rod end, for example. It is mentioned here in advance that it relates to another sliding bearing 1 comprising an area of application, in particular a sliding layer 3, which is coated directly, such as a large end bearing or a direct coating layer of a connecting-rod eye. .

The support element 2 is usually made of steel, but can of course also be made of other materials known in the sliding bearing art, for example brass, bronze or the like. Shape support is imparted to the sliding bearing via the support element 2.

Between the sliding layer 3 and the support element 2 a bearing metal layer 4 can be provided, as shown in dashed line in FIG. 1.

The bearing metal layer 4 may in principle be composed of a conventional bearing metal known from the prior art for this kind of sliding bearing 1. Examples of bearing metal layers are as follows:

Aluminum-based bearing metals, in particular:

AlSn6CuNi, AlSn20Cu, AlSi4Cd, AlCd3CuNi, AlSi11Cu, AlSn6Cu, AlSn40, AlSn25CuMn, AlSi11CuMgNi;

Copper-based bearing metals, especially:

CuSn 10, CuAl 10 Fe 5 Ni 5, CuZn 31 Si 1, CuPb 24 Sn 2, CuSn 8 Bi 10, CuSn 5 Zn;

Tin-based bearing metal, especially:

SnSb8Cu4, SnSb12Cu6Pb.

In addition to the bearing metals mentioned above, bearing metals of the nickel alloy, silver alloy, iron alloy or chromium alloy series can also be used.

At least one intermediate layer can also be arranged between at least each of the layers, for example between the support element 2 and the bearing metal layer 4 and / or between the bearing metal layer 4 and the sliding layer 4. have. The bonding layer or diffusion barrier layer may be formed of conventional materials such as aluminum layers, tin layers, copper layers, nickel layers, silver layers or alloys thereof, in particular binary alloys.

The expansion barrier layer typically has a slight layer thickness of 1-3 μm. The bonding layer may have a layer thickness of up to 0.3 mm.

The bearing metal layer 4 can optionally have a layer thickness in the range of at least 100 μm, preferably 300 μm and at most 3 mm, preferably 1 mm, and the support element 2 is at least 1 mm, preferably 2 mm and at most 20 mm, Preferably it may have a layer thickness selectively in the range of 8mm.

According to the invention the sliding layer 3 of the sliding bearing 1 consists of a plurality of, i.e. at least two different materials, these materials in separate areas on the substrate, ie on the support element 2 in the simplest case. Comes straight to. If an intermediate layer should be present between the sliding layer 3 and the other layers of the sliding bearing 1, the corresponding support is such that the substrate is superimposed by the application of the layers, ie the bearing metal layer 4 is provided thereon. It is formed overlapping by the element 2.

In the following only the sliding bearings 3 are handled in connection with the invention. It is evident, however, that within the scope of the present invention further layers of the sliding bearing 1, in particular the bearing metal layer 4 present in some cases, are also produced according to the invention, including various, independent areas with various materials. Combinations of layers may also be possible, wherein each of these layers or at least two layers of these layers each consists of a number of different materials. If the bearing metal layer 4 is made of at least two different materials, this material can be selected from the above-mentioned materials, wherein the sliding bearing 1 is a preferred variant of the method herein, in particular cold spray or All combinations of these materials are possible as long as they are made with high speed flame spraying.

2 shows a very schematic and simplified illustration of the coating process of the support element 2, including the first material 5. For this purpose a mask 6 is placed on the support element 2. In FIG. 2 a mask 6 is shown spaced apart from the surface of the support element 2 for better visibility, and the material 5 is deposited in the first region 8 by the coating device 7. This first region 8 extends from the central region to both leading edge edge regions of the support element 2 in the case of this variant embodiment, whereby this first region is seen in the lateral edge region in the circumferential direction of the sliding bearing 1. There are two side contractions of the region 8. The mask 6 or pattern is suitably formed for this purpose, so that another two constricted regions 9 are covered and thereby not coated with the material 5 in the first coating step.

The mask 6 is held at a slight distance from the substrate, ie the surface of the support element 2 by an external fixing device, which distance can be selected in the range of at least 0.5 mm to at most 20 mm, in particular at least 1 mm to at most 9 mm. Can be.

The coating device 7 comprises a spray nozzle 10 from which the material 5 emerges. This coating device 7 also includes, of course, various supply devices for the material 5, although not shown in FIG. 2.

The mask 6 is removed as soon as this first region 8 is coated with the material 5. In the subsequent coating step the two regions 9 are coated with another material different from the material 5. The coating is then made in such a way that the entire surface of the substrate, ie the entire surface of the support element 2, is coated with this another material on the inside, ie the surface facing the structural member to be mounted. In other words, the area 8 is first coated with the material 5 and also with another material. The final processing step in this variant embodiment of the method herein is, in particular, mechanical post-treatment, mechanical post-treatment via fine boring, in which the over-coated material, for example in region 8, is again removed and then This allows two regions 8, 9, material 5 and another material, to be seen in the manufactured sliding bearings and to be placed adjacent to the structural member to be mounted to the system.

As a variant of this, the region 8 can be covered with another mask and only the region 9 can be coated with another material using the coating apparatus 7.

In this way the sliding layer 3 is formed of at least two materials of different properties and, if necessary, more than two regions 8, 9 can be formed in the sliding bearing 1 with respect to the sliding layer 3. Can be. In addition, two or more materials having different properties for a plurality of regions may be used. The material forming the sliding layer 3 is then in direct contact with the substrate, ie the support element 2 in this embodiment. Preferably the area 8 is coated with a hard material and the area 9 is coated with a softer material in comparison.

Material 5 can be selected from the group comprising, for example, CuSn 5 Zn, CuPb 20 Sn, AlZn.

Another material for region 9 may be selected from the group comprising AlSn20Cu, AlSn40, AlSn40Cu, AlSn10Cu.

Preferred combinations of materials are, for example, CuSn 5 Zn / AlSn 20 Cu or CuPb 20 Sn / AlSn 40 Cu. In principle, however, alloys for the sliding layer known from the prior art can be used as material 5 or another material.

In a preferred embodiment the application of material 5 and at least one further material is by low temperature spraying or high speed flame spraying, in which a combination of the two methods is also possible. For example, the harder material 5 for the area 8 is applied with a high speed flame spray and the softer material for the area 9 is applied with a low temperature spray.

In principle, low temperature spraying methods are already known in the field of sliding bearing manufacturing. Applicant's WO 2005/033353 A2, for example, describes a method for producing a composite material under conditions using low temperature spraying. Also known from DE 10 2004 043 914 A1 is the coating of sliding bearings with low temperature spraying.

Known materials, especially in powder form, are accelerated at a relatively high rate during low temperature spraying and impinge on the substrate surface due to the high rate. In this collision, the individual particles are firmly bonded to each other, thereby forming a dense layer.

Similarly, in the case of high speed flame spraying (HVOF), the powdered material is accelerated toward the substrate surface at a high speed, and dense layers are formed due to the collision at the substrate surface. Of course, in the case of high-speed flame spraying, a temperature higher than that of low-temperature spraying is usually used. Both methods, however, have shorter retention times for particles in the thermal spray jets, resulting in less oxidized layers, whereby the layers formed essentially have the composition of the powdered components.

Low temperature spraying is preferably used for softer material (s) for the coating of region 9 due to the lower temperature, since this material contains soluble elements, mainly at low temperatures, for example tin or bismuth. .

When the powdered material is applied to the surface of the substrate at high speed, a low temperature kinetic compression process takes place, and thus this low temperature kinetics at the boundary region between the regions 8 and 9 where the two different materials are adjacent to each other. By compression, the two materials can be joined together although they have different compositions, so that the sliding layer 3 composed of different materials has a high adhesion despite the different materials in the layer.

The high collision rate also results in relatively high bonding, i.e., substrate surface deposition, whereby the layer structure, i.e. the adhesion of the composite material, is firmly achieved. However, if the adhesion of the sliding layer 3 on the substrate, i.e. the support element 2, is not sufficient, the surface of the substrate, for example the support element 2, may be roughened, for example, by mechanical and / or chemical methods known in the art before coating. You may.

Figure 2 shows that the semi-finished product already molded in half shell form is coated. However, the coating may be carried out on a flat surface within the scope of the present invention, and the molding may subsequently be carried out mechanically with a sliding bearing half shell after the entire coating process has ended. It is an advantage that the material 5 and at least one other material are then combined with the substrate surface, whereby only slight or no deformation is caused in the powder applied material during the molding process. Thus no thermal post-treatment is required after the molding process.

At low temperature spraying, the particle velocity is tailored to the material being sprayed. Thus, for example, a speed between 150 m / s and 350 m / s is required for a soft material such as tin, while a speed between 400 m / s and 1100 m / s is required for copper. Hard materials may require higher speeds.

Argon or, preferably, an inert gas such as nitrogen may be used as the carrier gas.

The powder amount may be selected according to the powder size and the layer properties such as hardness and porosity, and is typically between 5 g / min and 50 g / min. Higher values are chosen for porous layers while dense layers require a smaller powder amount.

For HVOF the parameters are similar but the gas type is added. Depending on the desired combustion temperature a suitable mixed gas such as for example acetylene (up to> 3000 ° C.) or hydrogen (up to> 2800 ° C.) or for example forming gas may be used.

The particle velocity is set to the material as in the case above. The retention time of the powder in the jet (ie the distance from the nozzle to the surface to be processed) must also be taken into account because the oxidation of the particle surface must be controlled.

In addition to the variant embodiment in which the sliding layer 3 is formed only of a metallic material, according to a further variant, in particular, an area 9 coated with a softer material is provided without the mask 9 or by using the mask 9. It is possible to be formed into a lubricating coating by thermal spraying of a lubricating coating. In principle, all lubricating coatings known in the sliding bearing technology can be used. As lubricating coating agents such as polytetrafluoroethylene and fluorine-containing resins such as perfluoroalkoxy copolymers, polyfluoroalkoxy-polytetrafluoroethylene copolymers, ethylenetetrafluoroethylene, polychlortrifluoroethylene, fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymers, polyvinyl Fluorides, polyvinylidene fluorides, alternating copolymers, statistical copolymers such as perfluoroethylenepropylene, polyesterimide, bismaleimide, polyimide resins such as carborimide, aromatic polyimide resins, Hydrogen rich polyimide resins, polytriazo-pyromellitimides, polyamideimides, in particular aromatics, polyaryletherimides, polyetherimides, optionally modified with isocyanates, epoxy resins, optionally modified with isocyanates, Epoch Resin ester, phenol resin, polyamide 6, polyamide 66, polyoxymethylene, silicone, polyaryl ether, polyaryl ketone, polyaryl ether ketone, polyaryl ether-ether ketone, polyether ether ketone, polyether ketone, poly Vinylidene difluoride, polyethylenesulfide, arylenesulfide, poly-triazo-pyromellitimide, polyesterimide, polyarylsulfide, polyvinylenesulfide, polyphenylene sulfide, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyaryl Sulphones, polyaryloxides, polyarylsulfides and copolymers composed therefrom can be used.

Preferably the lubricating coating consists of 40 wt% to 45 wt% of MoS ₂ , 20 wt% to 25 wt% of graphite and 30 wt% to 40 wt% of polyamideimide in the dry state, in which case it is hard Particles such as oxides, nitrides, or carbides may be included in the lubricating coating in a total of up to 20 wt%, which replaces the proportion of solid lubricants. This lubricating coating also acts while the softer layer area 9 adapts to the corresponding member to be mounted, in particular in the break-in stage of the sliding bearing 1, at which time abrasion due to friction occurs naturally. This lubricating coating may wear out in the form of relatively small particles, so that these particles do not disturb the surface of the sliding bearing, ie the sliding layer 3, and do not affect the oil circuit. .

Preferably a material for the region 8 is used for the production of the sliding layer 3, which material has a hardness of at least 20% greater than that of another material. For example, when the test force is 10 ponds, the material 5 may have a Vickers hardness value selected from a range of at least 30 HV and at most 40 HV, and another material may have a hardness value selected from a range of at least 50 HV and at most 70 HV. have.

 In principle, as long as another softer material is applied to the entire area without the mask 6 as described above, the other material is not removed or completely removed, so that the mentioned taming layer Can be provided.

In addition, another softer material may also be deposited in the region 9 with a greater surface roughness than the first material 5. This can be achieved, for example, as the particles are sprayed in the direction of the substrate to be coated at a slower rate. The surface roughness may vary by at least 10% between the two regions 8, 9. That is, the region 9 has a surface roughness of at least 10% greater. The maximum roughness profile height Rz according to DIN EN ISO 4287 in the region 9 can be selected in the range of the lower limit Rz 10 and the upper limit Rz 50. Preferably the maximum roughness profile height Rz is at most Rz 35 in accordance with DIN EN ISO 4287.

It is also possible to deposit another material with a higher porosity than the first material 5, for example by increasing the powder flow rate per unit of time or by reducing the spray rate. The porosity of another material can then be at least 10%, in particular at least 20% greater than the porosity of the first material 5.

In principle, the ratio with respect to surface roughness and porosity may be the reverse of the case of the preferred variant embodiment.

3 shows a sliding embodiment of the sliding bearing 1 in a plan view. The region 9 is then provided with a further softer material in the lateral edge region-in the circumferential direction of the sliding bearing 1-in which the interface between the two materials, namely the material 5 and another material, is Extends straight. In this embodiment of the present invention a sliding bearing 1 is provided, in which the fret tendency of the hard material 5 in the region 8 is reduced or prevented by high edge loads and is also relative to the material 5. The softer material thus has sufficient strength even after completion of the adaptation during the step-in step in the edge region of the region 9, so that the load to be supported is distributed over the entire sliding surface of the sliding bearing 1.

It is mentioned here that within the scope of the present invention the regions 8, 9 may be formed differently with respect to their shape.

In principle, the hardness can also be formed differently from the preferred variant described. That is, for example, a harder material 5 can be applied to the two regions 9 or at least one other region 9 and a softer material to the region 8.

It is also possible to form a hardness gradient in the sliding layer 3, in particular in the region 9 where another material is provided, by means of a spraying method, in which the gradient is preferably a surface region of the region 9, ie a sliding surface. It is formed softly in the area and is formed to increase in strength in the direction of the substrate, i.e. the support element 2, so that this softer area 9 after the break-in step also has a higher strength and thus contributes to improving the load transfer. have. Such hardness gradients can be achieved, for example, through various particle velocities and / or alloy compositions.

FIG. 4 shows the sliding layer 3 in a plan view as a variant embodiment of the sliding bearing 1, in the region 8 of the sliding layer 3, in the variant embodiment shown at least of the sliding bearing 1. Another material may also be applied to one tip area, precisely in the form of a cord, and in Figure 4 illustratively formed in the form of a manufacturer logo. The code 11 does not necessarily need to be applied in alphabetical form, but various barcodes and numeric codes may also be applied. The application of this cord 11 takes place using a mask, in which another material of the cord 11 is in direct contact with the substrate, for example the support element 2. In addition to the pure marking function, this cord 11 also fulfills the friction function depending on the material used for the cord 11. 4, when this cord 11 is provided in at least one leading edge region of the sliding bearing 1, it is preferable that the amount of contaminants in this region is increased while the sliding bearing 1 is operating. This is because this cord 11 contributes to the embedding of foreign matter particles or wear particles.

In this variant embodiment according to FIG. 4, there are also additional areas 9 coated with another material, for example the material used for the cord 11, like the two embodiments above.

In order to increase the display power of the cord 11, the cord 11 may be formed of a material different in color from the material of the sliding surface, that is, the material 5 of the region 8.

FIG. 5 shows the sliding bearing 1 cut in the transverse direction in the direction of looking at the leading edge of the sliding bearing 1. Also shown is a substrate, ie a support element 2, on which a sliding layer 3 is deposited directly on the support element 2, with the first material 5 in the region 8 and in the two side regions 9. Another material is deposited. In this variant embodiment another material for the region 9 is deposited with a thicker layer thickness compared to the layer thickness of the material 5 for the region 8. That is, another material of lower hardness is deposited to a thicker layer thickness. The difference in layer thickness can then be 10% to 30% of the thickest layer thickness, ie the layer thickness of another material region of region 9.

The following table shows some examples in which material combinations for the regions 8, 9 of the sliding layer 3 have been selected in connection with the preferred use. However, this example is not of a limiting nature with respect to the scope of protection of the present invention, provided that two regions 8 and 9 having different hardnesses for the sliding layer 3 are compared with each other, wherein the region (s) Is more rigid compared to region (s) 9. That is, other hard / soft combinations are possible within the framework of the present invention.

The above illustrated embodiments show a possible variant of the sliding bearing 1, and the present invention is not limited to the specifically described variant embodiment, but rather various combinations of the respective variant embodiments are possible, Based on the theory of technical handling through the invention of the present application it can be changed according to the ability of those skilled in the art to act in the technical field. Accordingly, all conceivable alternative embodiments, which are possible by combining the individual details of the described and illustrated variant embodiments, are also within the scope of protection within the scope of the claims.

Finally, mention is made of partially unfitted and / or enlarged and / or reduced in order to better understand the structure of the sliding bearing 1 or its structural member herein.

Above all, the embodiments individually shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 can form the subject of an independent, inventive solution.

1. sliding bearing
2. Support element
3. Sliding layer
4. Bearing metal layer
5. Material
6. Mask
7. Coating device
8. Area
9. Area
10. Spray nozzle
11. Code

Claims (18)

A method of manufacturing a multilayer sliding bearing (1) in which at least one layer, in particular a sliding layer (3), is deposited on a substrate surface of a substrate by spraying, wherein the layer is formed of at least two different materials, wherein 1 material 5 is applied only to at least a defined area 8 on the substrate, wherein another area 9 of the substrate surface which should not be coated with this material 5 is masked before deposition of the material 5 (6) and, in at least a second step, the further area (s) (9) are coated with another material by thermal spraying. The method of claim 1,
The at least one further material is characterized in that the entire surface is first applied to the substrate, and then the first material (5) is revealed by mechanical post-treatment of the layer. The method of claim 1,
A manufacturing, characterized in that a mask 6 is also used to cover the area 8 already coated with the first material 5 on the substrate surface for the deposition of the at least one other material on the substrate. Way. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
At least one of the materials is applied by low temperature spraying, plasma spraying or flame spraying. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein a material having a hardness of at least 20% greater than the hardness of at least one sprayed another material is sprayed as the first material. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
Wherein said at least one further material is only applied to at least one side edge region of said substrate surface. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
The materials are each sprayed by a variety of spraying methods. 8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
Said at least one further material having a greater surface roughness and / or greater porosity than said first material (5). The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
Said first or second material (5) is at least partly applied in the form of a cord. A sliding bearing (1) comprising a support layer (2) and a sliding layer (3), wherein the sliding layer (3) is divided into at least two regions (8, 9) in one plane, the regions being formed of a first material ( 5) and a sliding bearing composed of a second material separated therefrom, wherein the two regions are composed of a material powder applied by a thermal spraying method, wherein the sliding bearing is characterized in that a bonding is performed at a boundary region between the materials ( One). The method of claim 10,
Sliding bearing (1), characterized in that the coupling is formed by a low temperature dynamic compression process. A sliding bearing (1) comprising a support layer (2) and a sliding layer (3), wherein the sliding layer (3) is divided into at least two regions (8, 9) in one plane, the regions being formed of a first material ( 5) and a sliding bearing composed of a second material separated therefrom, wherein the sliding bearing is characterized in that a metallic sliding bearing material is applied to the first region 8 and a lubricating coating agent is applied to the second region 9. One). The method of claim 12,
The sliding bearing (1), characterized in that the lubricating coating is provided in at least one side region of the sliding layer (3). 14. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 13,
The sliding bearing 1 characterized in that the at least two regions 8, 9 have at least partially different layer thicknesses. 15. The method of claim 14,
Sliding bearing (1), characterized in that the yet another of the at least two different materials having a slighter hardness has a thicker layer thickness than the first material (5). 16. The method according to claim 14 or 15,
The layer thickness difference is a sliding bearing (1), characterized in that between 10% and 30% of the thickest layer thickness. 17. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 16,
Sliding bearing (1), characterized in that the at least two different regions (8, 9) have different surface roughnesses. 18. The method of claim 17,
Sliding bearings (1), characterized in that the material with a smaller hardness has a greater surface roughness.

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