WO2011154576A1 - Pile à combustible comprenant des plaques bipolaires à lame métallique ondulée - Google Patents

Pile à combustible comprenant des plaques bipolaires à lame métallique ondulée Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011154576A1
WO2011154576A1 PCT/ES2011/070399 ES2011070399W WO2011154576A1 WO 2011154576 A1 WO2011154576 A1 WO 2011154576A1 ES 2011070399 W ES2011070399 W ES 2011070399W WO 2011154576 A1 WO2011154576 A1 WO 2011154576A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
bipolar
plates
corrugated
bipolar plates
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2011/070399
Other languages
English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
Domingo GUINEA DÍAZ
Eugenio VILLANUEVA MARTÍNEZ
Daniel GARCÍA SÁNCHEZ
Domingo GUINEA GARCÍA-ALEGRE
Original Assignee
Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (Csic)
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (Csic) filed Critical Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (Csic)
Publication of WO2011154576A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011154576A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0247—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form
    • H01M8/0254—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form corrugated or undulated
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1007—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
    • H01M8/242—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes comprising framed electrodes or intermediary frame-like gaskets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
    • H01M8/0206—Metals or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
    • H01M8/0223—Composites
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
    • H01M8/0273—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes with sealing or supporting means in the form of a frame
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention is part of the area of energy and in particular in the electric generation by means of fuel cells.
  • the object of the invention consists of a fuel cell that uses a corrugated metal sheet, with a corrosion resistant surface, for the formation of its bipolar plates. In this way, good conduction properties are provided and guarantees excellent electrical contact, as well as the correct distribution of the gases, in addition to using a very light component of easy manufacturing and low cost.
  • Fuel cells are electrochemical devices that convert the chemical energy of a fuel into electrical energy. There are currently many types of fuel cells designed for different types of applications, from cars to home energy production, or for powering portable devices.
  • the fuel cells can be of various types, of solid oxides, phosphoric acid, molten carbonates, etc.
  • This proposal focuses on those batteries based on a solid electrolyte formed by a proton exchange membrane. These consist of alternately dense and gas permeable layers, as well as successively electronic and protonic conduction.
  • a basic cell of these batteries is usually composed of seven layers, which from the outside to the inside they are: two bipolar plates for distribution of gases, two of diffusion plates, two of catalytic deposit and the membrane that acts as electrolyte between them.
  • the electrolyte, dense to the passage of gases, must allow proton transport and is located between anode and cathode, each formed by a catalytic layer and a diffuser.
  • the latter establishes electrical contact with the corresponding bipolar plate, which has electronic transport and must allow gas access.
  • the cells thus constituted are assembled together in series connection, so that the anode of each cell is electrically connected to the cathode of the next, thus forming the characteristic structure of a fuel cell.
  • document US33940032 shows a particular shape and arrangement of the corrugated plates, with transport of the gases of perpendicular form between anode and cathode, and the normal electric current to the plane formed by the directions of transport of gases.
  • the present invention consists of a fuel cell with proton exchange membrane electrolyte that incorporates bipolar plates of corrugated metal sheet and external sealing structure of dense material to gases, which represents a notable improvement in terms of cost, weight, efficiency and ease of creation of said batteries both in the assembly process and in the manufacturing of its components.
  • This fuel cell is characterized by the use as a bipolar plate of a thin and elastic sheet of corrosion-resistant corrugated metal, surrounded by a gas-tight sealing material.
  • the battery incorporates as fundamental elements:
  • the structure consists of an external sealing frame of the stack of a light and gas-impermeable material, with suitable mechanical properties (for example, a fiberglass / polyester composite material).
  • This frame is of a somewhat smaller thickness than the sum of the thickness of the diffuser layer plus that of the corrugated plate, in order to guarantee the correct electrical contact when subsequently applying pressure, due to the bending of the corrugated metal sheet.
  • the membrane-electrode assembly used in the cell is five layers: two diffuser layers, two catalytic layers and one membrane.
  • the dimensions of the diffuser surfaces coincide with those of the corrugated metal sheet located inside the frame.
  • Corrugated plate is a thin flexible corrugated metal sheet with a corrosion-resistant surface, located within the frame, which constitutes a bipolar plate with parallel channels, fed from a gas transport conduit through the distribution cavities and whose shape guarantees a homogeneous distribution of gases between the different channels.
  • the elasticity of the metallic material that constitutes the bipolar plate ensures an adequate electrical contact between the diffuser layer and the conductive sheet that separates each cell from the adjacent one or constitutes the terminal contact of the battery.
  • the fuel cell design is also characterized in that the Joint between consecutive cells is done by a thin, flat sheet of electronic conduction that is in contact with the corrugated metal plate. Said plates close each monocell on both sides, making it possible to conduct electrons from the anode of one cell to the cathode of the next, or to the outside of the battery.
  • the present invention does not use a pre-formed solid joint but a high adhesive fluid sealing material, for example, an epoxy of two viscous liquid components that solidify on drying, applied both in the internal as well as the external part of our battery.
  • a high adhesive fluid sealing material for example, an epoxy of two viscous liquid components that solidify on drying, applied both in the internal as well as the external part of our battery.
  • the present invention leaks are avoided by using the epoxy on the rigid insulating structure, while in said document the problem is attacked by sealing the corrugated plate itself.
  • the present invention provides a structure formed by a metal sheet on which the corrugated sheets of adjacent cells make contact, for the separation of monocells, which allows electronic transport and the independent transport of gases on either side. DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • Figure 1 Shows a view of the parts that make up the first preferred example in a fuel cell with corrugated sheet bipolar plates object of the invention.
  • Figure 2. It shows a translucent view of the different parts that constitute one of the cells of the cell, where holes are observed for the circulation of the feed gases and for the fixing bolts of the assembly.
  • Figure 3. Shows an exploded view of a cell component of the stack corresponding to a second example.
  • Figure 4.- Shows a complete view of the components that make up the two cell stack according to the second application example.
  • Figure 1 shows the first example of a single cell cell constructed with the bipolar plates (4,7) of corrugated metal sheet according to the invention, which are in contact with electrodes (6) of a membrane assembly.
  • electrode (5) establishing electrical contact between the electrodes and end plates (2, 9), while channeling the flow of reactant fluids, as well as a frame (3, 8) formed by a first separator (3) and a second separator (8).
  • each of the bipolar plates (4, 7) has parallel distribution channels and the channels of a bipolar plate (4) are perpendicular to the channels of the other bipolar plate (7).
  • the elasticity of the corrugated bipolar plates (4, 7) allows them to be slightly compressed in the assembly, guaranteeing a good electrical contact between the electrodes (6) and the terminal plates (2, 9).
  • the cell is constituted by two electrically connected cells in series by means of a conductive sheet (10), so that the cathode of one cell is at the potential of the anode of the other.
  • the voltage between the terminals of the battery is equal to the sum of the voltages of each of its cells, while the electrical intensity is common to all of them.
  • an inlet hole (30) defined in the end plate (2) is observed through which the combustible fluid penetrates, towards the anode, which is distributed firstly through a feed conduit and then through an essentially triangular space from the first separator (3) until reaching the channels of the corrugated bipolar plate (4), keeping the section normal to the flow and the speed almost constant until reaching an exit orifice (31) defined in that same terminal plate (2).
  • a similar circulation takes place in the cathode with the oxidizing fluid, air or oxygen, entering through an inlet hole (32) to a cavity or space of the other separator (8) to go next and travel the channels of the bipolar plate ( 7) and exit through the outlet hole (33) of the lower end plate (9).
  • the circulation of gases is therefore carried out through holes located in the corners of the frame (3, 8), with the corresponding diagonals corresponding to each gas: the holes (30, 31) corresponding to the fuel and the holes (32, 33) corresponding to the oxidant.
  • the gas accesses from the inlet holes to the channels of the corresponding bipolar plate and the output is produced by a similar scheme at the opposite end.
  • the feeding of anode and cathode in each cell is carried out in parallel and the feeding conduits connected to the inlet holes (30, 32) and the fluid outlets connected to the outlet holes (31, 34) run through the entire stack between end plates (2, 9), going through the cells.
  • FIG 3 shows the second example in which two reinforcement plates (1 1) are used that reinforce the membrane-electrode assembly (5).
  • These reinforcing plates (1 1) are of a thin and rigid material, for example steel or polyester-fiberglass sheet and prevent the connection of anode and cathode fluids by deformation of the membrane in the proximity to the holes (30-33).
  • the different cells of the battery are electrically connected to each other by means of the conductive sheets (10), which are thin, of high conductivity and impervious to gases, made of stainless steel.
  • the stack is assembled by means of eight threaded rods that cross the perimeter of all the component cells through the holes (40), made for this purpose in all the parts except in the corrugated bipolar plates (4, 7) inside the enclosure.

Abstract

L'invention concerne une pile à combustible à plaques bipolaires à lame métallique ondulée caractérisée en ce que les plaques bipolaires (4, 7) sont constituées de lames métalliques minces qui sont ondulées pour créer des canaux de distribution de fluides sur les électrodes (6).
PCT/ES2011/070399 2010-06-09 2011-06-06 Pile à combustible comprenant des plaques bipolaires à lame métallique ondulée WO2011154576A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ESP201030894 2010-06-09
ES201030894A ES2377797B1 (es) 2010-06-09 2010-06-09 Pila de combustible de placas bipolares con lámina metálica corrugada.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2011154576A1 true WO2011154576A1 (fr) 2011-12-15

Family

ID=45097567

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/ES2011/070399 WO2011154576A1 (fr) 2010-06-09 2011-06-06 Pile à combustible comprenant des plaques bipolaires à lame métallique ondulée

Country Status (2)

Country Link
ES (1) ES2377797B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011154576A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014202320A1 (fr) * 2013-06-20 2014-12-24 Cellstrom Gmbh Plaque bipolaire stratifiée

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH01183070A (ja) * 1988-01-06 1989-07-20 Hitachi Ltd 燃料電池用セパレータ
EP0555432A1 (fr) 1991-07-25 1993-08-18 Centre Nat Rech Scient Dispositif electronique de conversion d'energie electrique.
DE19641143A1 (de) * 1995-10-05 1997-04-17 Magnet Motor Gmbh Kühlung und Befeuchtung von Polymerelektrolyt-Brennstoffzellen
WO2004049483A2 (fr) * 2002-11-28 2004-06-10 Global Thermoelectric Inc. Ensemble de piles a combustible a oxyde solide
EP1673849A1 (fr) 2003-10-17 2006-06-28 Abb Research Ltd. Circuit convertisseur pour commander une pluralite de niveaux de tension de commutation
EP1815586A1 (fr) 2004-11-22 2007-08-08 Abb Research Ltd. Circuit convertisseur concu pour commuter une pluralite de niveaux de tension de commutation
EP1051799B1 (fr) 1998-01-27 2008-07-30 Abb Ab Convertisseur
US7585582B2 (en) * 2006-06-28 2009-09-08 Nan Ya Printed Circuit Board Corporation Fuel cell module utilizing wave-shaped flow board
EP2080262B1 (fr) 2006-10-18 2010-03-17 ABB Research LTD Circuit de conversion pour connecter une pluralité de niveaux de tensions de commutation
WO2010047586A1 (fr) * 2008-10-20 2010-04-29 Stichting Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland Bloc de piles à combustible à oxyde solide doté d’une plaque séparatrice striée

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TWI222765B (en) * 2003-09-02 2004-10-21 Kun-Tsan Jeng Bipolar plate for fuel cell

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH01183070A (ja) * 1988-01-06 1989-07-20 Hitachi Ltd 燃料電池用セパレータ
EP0555432A1 (fr) 1991-07-25 1993-08-18 Centre Nat Rech Scient Dispositif electronique de conversion d'energie electrique.
DE19641143A1 (de) * 1995-10-05 1997-04-17 Magnet Motor Gmbh Kühlung und Befeuchtung von Polymerelektrolyt-Brennstoffzellen
EP1051799B1 (fr) 1998-01-27 2008-07-30 Abb Ab Convertisseur
WO2004049483A2 (fr) * 2002-11-28 2004-06-10 Global Thermoelectric Inc. Ensemble de piles a combustible a oxyde solide
EP1673849A1 (fr) 2003-10-17 2006-06-28 Abb Research Ltd. Circuit convertisseur pour commander une pluralite de niveaux de tension de commutation
EP1815586A1 (fr) 2004-11-22 2007-08-08 Abb Research Ltd. Circuit convertisseur concu pour commuter une pluralite de niveaux de tension de commutation
US7585582B2 (en) * 2006-06-28 2009-09-08 Nan Ya Printed Circuit Board Corporation Fuel cell module utilizing wave-shaped flow board
EP2080262B1 (fr) 2006-10-18 2010-03-17 ABB Research LTD Circuit de conversion pour connecter une pluralité de niveaux de tensions de commutation
WO2010047586A1 (fr) * 2008-10-20 2010-04-29 Stichting Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland Bloc de piles à combustible à oxyde solide doté d’une plaque séparatrice striée

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014202320A1 (fr) * 2013-06-20 2014-12-24 Cellstrom Gmbh Plaque bipolaire stratifiée

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2377797B1 (es) 2013-02-14
ES2377797A1 (es) 2012-04-02

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