WO2011153924A1 - 一种竖炉、铜水包和回转炉组合式紫杂铜火法精炼方法 - Google Patents

一种竖炉、铜水包和回转炉组合式紫杂铜火法精炼方法 Download PDF

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WO2011153924A1
WO2011153924A1 PCT/CN2011/075259 CN2011075259W WO2011153924A1 WO 2011153924 A1 WO2011153924 A1 WO 2011153924A1 CN 2011075259 W CN2011075259 W CN 2011075259W WO 2011153924 A1 WO2011153924 A1 WO 2011153924A1
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copper
refining
furnace
shaft furnace
rotary
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PCT/CN2011/075259
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张选志
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江西稀有金属钨业控股集团有限公司
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
    • C22B15/0026—Pyrometallurgy
    • C22B15/006—Pyrometallurgy working up of molten copper, e.g. refining
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
    • C22B15/0026—Pyrometallurgy
    • C22B15/0028—Smelting or converting
    • C22B15/005—Smelting or converting in a succession of furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
    • C22B15/0026—Pyrometallurgy
    • C22B15/0028—Smelting or converting
    • C22B15/0052—Reduction smelting or converting

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  • the invention relates to a pyrometallurgical refining process of purple copper, in particular to a purple copper fire refining process using a shaft furnace, a copper water bag, and at least one rotary furnace, and omitting the holding furnace, belonging to a non-ferrous metal Smelting technology field.
  • Purple copper is a waste copper with a copper content of not less than 90%, also known as waste copper or waste copper. It is the most recycled copper variety.
  • the purple copper is refined and refined by fire to become refined copper.
  • the higher purity refined copper liquid is used for continuous casting and rolling of copper wire blanks for electricians (also known as copper rods and copper wire rods), or for casting other copper billets.
  • the refined copper liquid of low purity is used for casting the anode plate.
  • the currently known purple copper fire refining process can be divided into the following four types:
  • the main process is: purple copper ⁇ feeding machine or manual feeding ⁇ fixed reverberatory furnace melting, oxidation and reduction refining ⁇ refining copper liquid ⁇ launder ⁇ tundish, quantitative casting package ⁇ copper wire for continuous casting and rolling electrical
  • the blank either used to cast other copper billets, or used to cast anode plates.
  • the main process is: purple copper ⁇ feeding machine ⁇ tilting refining furnace melting, oxidation and reduction refining ⁇ refining copper liquid ⁇ launder ⁇ tundish, quantitative casting package ⁇ copper wire blank for continuous casting and rolling electrical, or Used to cast other copper billets, or for casting anode copper.
  • the main process is: purple copper ⁇ feeding machine ⁇ shaft furnace smelting ⁇ purple copper liquid ⁇ flow trough ⁇ fixed reverberatory furnace redox refining ⁇ refined copper liquid ⁇ flow trough ⁇ tundish, quantitative casting package ⁇ casting anode plate.
  • Paper “Process and equipment for direct production of bright copper rods by scrap copper fire refining” discloses a combined refining process for a shaft furnace-2 tilting furnace-1 holding furnace.
  • the main process is: purple copper ⁇ feeding machine ⁇ shaft furnace smelting ⁇ purple copper liquid ⁇ flow tank ⁇ tilting refining furnace redox refining ⁇ refined copper liquid ⁇ flow tank ⁇ holding furnace fine-tuning copper liquid composition and temperature ⁇ refined copper Liquid ⁇ launder ⁇ tundish ⁇ continuous casting and rolling copper wire blank for electricians.
  • the existing fire refining technology has the following problems: 1) The fixed reverberatory furnace and the tilting refining furnace have large fuel consumption, low thermal efficiency (energy utilization rate of 15 to 40%), and poor working conditions; 2) The shaft furnace in the combined refining process of the shaft furnace-fixed reverberating furnace has low utilization rate and cannot be continuously and efficiently produced. 3) The holding furnace set in the combined refining process of the shaft furnace-tilting refining furnace-insulation furnace increases the energy consumption. .
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a purple copper fire refining process with high energy utilization rate, good working conditions and strong production continuity.
  • the present invention provides a pyrometallurgical refining process, characterized in that a shaft furnace, a copper water bag, and at least one rotary furnace are used, including the following steps: 1) the purple copper raw material is fed through the feeding machine It is charged into the shaft furnace and smelted into purple copper liquid in the shaft furnace. 2) The purple copper liquid produced by the shaft furnace smelting is loaded into the rotary refining furnace by copper water bag for redox refining to obtain refined copper. Liquid; and 3) the refined copper liquid directly enters the tundish through the launder to complete the subsequent process.
  • At least two rotary kiln are included.
  • three rotary furnaces are included.
  • the flow channel form may be a combination of two types of movable type and fixed type, or may be one of them; the flow channel may be a plurality of segments or a segment.
  • the subsequent process can be directly connected, or the subsequent process can be connected by a quantitative casting package.
  • the subsequent process comprises continuous casting of rolled copper billets or casting of anode copper.
  • two rotary kiln are included, and the two rotary kiln independently complete the whole process of the refining operation and interleave the operation process.
  • a shaft furnace for melting copper and two rotary furnaces for refining copper are included.
  • the apparatus used includes a shaft furnace, a copper water bag, 1 to 3 rotary kiln, a launder, and a tundish, but the holding furnace is omitted.
  • the pyrometallurgical refining process uses a shaft furnace and two rotary furnaces combined refining process
  • the shaft melting furnace uses a shaft furnace to melt the purple copper
  • the oxidation and reduction stages adopt two rotations.
  • the refining furnace refines the purple copper liquid into a refined copper liquid.
  • the shaft furnace is an advanced equipment for melting solid copper. Compared with a fixed reverberatory furnace or tilting refining, the melting efficiency can be increased by 1 to 2 times, and the heat loss can be reduced to 20 to 35%, that is, the energy utilization rate can be as high as 65. ⁇ 80%, strong production continuity.
  • the rotary refining furnace is a preferred equipment for refining liquid crude copper into an anode copper process in a large-scale process for producing copper cathode from ore copper, which is also called a rotary anode furnace or a rotary furnace.
  • the rotary refining furnace has a small heat dissipation area (corresponding to about 50% of the reverberatory furnace), good sealing performance, high thermal efficiency (energy utilization rate of 60 to 70%), and difficulty in dust control.
  • the two rotary kiln each independently complete the entire refining operation, but at the same time interlace the 1/2 operation.
  • the refined copper liquid enters the tundish directly through the launder, and it is not necessary to finely adjust the composition and temperature through the holding furnace.
  • the refined copper liquid directly enters the copper wire billet continuous casting and rolling production line or the anode plate casting machine for connecting Casting and rolling copper wire blanks, or for casting anode plates.
  • the pyrometallurgical refining process of the purple copper according to the present invention comprehensively absorbs the advantages of the technology of melting the solid copper in the shaft furnace and the technology of refining the liquid copper in the rotary kiln.
  • the shaft furnace melts the charge and produces purple copper liquid.
  • the copper water bag of the crane is connected to the purple copper liquid, which is successively lifted and poured into two rotary furnaces.
  • the two rotary kiln independently complete the entire process of refining, but at the same time interlace 1/2 operation.
  • the other is in the process of controlling the final temperature and composition of the copper liquid and copper.
  • the other one starts to produce copper and smoothly alternates, keeping the flow of refined copper flowing into the flow cell basically stable.
  • the refined copper liquid produced by the rotary kiln flows into the active launder, then flows into the fixed launder, and finally flows into the tundish for continuous casting and rolling of copper billets for electricians, or for casting anode plates.
  • the method of shaft furnace smelting significantly improves the melting efficiency (up to 1 to 2 times) and energy utilization (up to 20 to 30 percentage points) of the purple copper fire refining;
  • the use of the fire refining process of the invention is advantageous for improving the level of large-scale, mechanized and automated technology for producing copper wire blanks or anode plates using purple copper as a main raw material.
  • Figure 1 is a flow chart of a pyrometallurgical refining process in accordance with the present invention.
  • the raw material of purple copper is loaded into the feeding machine or other forms of feeding machine, and then added to the shaft furnace; the shaft furnace melts the charge to produce purple copper liquid; the copper water bag of the crane picks up the purple copper liquid, The two rotary furnaces were successively hoisted, and the two rotary kiln independently completed the whole process of refining operation, but at the same time interlaced 1/2 operation process, the flow of pure copper liquid flowing into the fixed flow tank was basically stable; The pure copper liquid flows into the active launder and finally flows through the tundish into the copper wire continuous casting and rolling production line or the anode plate casting machine for continuous casting and rolling of copper wire blank or casting anode plate.
  • Feeder-type feeder adds the purple copper furnace charge to the 35t/h shaft furnace.
  • the second rotary kiln began to enter the copper liquid, refining operation and copper extraction process.
  • the two 300t rotary kiln with nominal capacity independently complete the whole process of picking up copper liquid, oxidizing, slagging, reducing, controlling temperature and composition, and coppering, but at the same time interlacing 1/2 operation.
  • the other one starts to produce copper and smoothly alternates, and the flow of the refined copper liquid flowing into the fixed flow tank is basically stable.
  • the refined copper liquid produced by the rotary kiln is introduced into the fixed flow tank through the active flow cell.
  • the refined copper liquid is injected into the continuous casting machine of the 35t/h continuous casting and rolling production line from the tundish, and the copper blank is produced by continuous casting and rolling.
  • Steps 1, 2, and 3 are the same as in Embodiment 1.
  • Steps 6, 7, 8, and 9 are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • the invention determines the nominal capacity of the rotary kiln according to the following formula:
  • Nominal capacity of rotary kiln (t) shaft furnace capacity (t/h) ⁇ time for completion of copper liquid and redox in a single rotary kiln (h)
  • the invention determines the nominal capacity of the copper water bag by the following formula:
  • Copper water bag nominal capacity (t) rotary furnace nominal capacity (t) ⁇ copper water bag lifting times
  • the number of copper water bag lifting operations of the present invention should be determined according to the technical and economic analysis.
  • the flow cell form can be both movable and fixed.
  • the combination of types can also be one of them;
  • the flow slot can be multiple segments or a segment.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Description

[根据细则37.2由ISA制定的发明名称]　一种竖炉、铜水包和回转炉组合式紫杂铜火法精炼方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种紫杂铜的火法精炼工艺，特别是，涉及一种采用竖炉、铜水包、和至少一个回转炉，并且省略保温炉的紫杂铜火法精炼工艺，属于有色金属冶炼技术领域。
背景技术
紫杂铜是含铜量不低于90%的废铜，又称废紫铜或废纯铜，是回收量最多的废铜品种。紫杂铜经过火法精炼提纯成为精炼铜。纯度较高的精炼铜液用于连铸连轧电工用铜线坯（又称铜杆、铜盘条），或用于浇铸其它紫铜坯。纯度不高的精炼铜液用于浇铸阳极板。
目前公知的紫杂铜火法精炼工艺流程可分为下列4种：
①固定式反射炉精炼工艺流程
其主要流程为，紫杂铜→加料机或人工加料→固定式反射炉熔化、氧化及还原精炼→精炼铜液→流槽→中间包、定量浇铸包→用于连铸连轧电工用铜线坯，或用于浇铸其它紫铜坯，或用于浇铸阳极板。
②倾动式精炼炉精炼工艺流程
其主要流程为，紫杂铜→加料机→倾动式精炼炉熔化、氧化及还原精炼→精炼铜液→流槽→中间包、定量浇铸包→用于连铸连轧电工用铜线坯，或用于浇铸其它紫铜坯，或用于浇铸阳极铜。
③竖炉-固定式反射炉联合精炼工艺流程
其主要流程为，紫杂铜→加料机→竖炉熔炼→紫杂铜液→流槽→固定式反射炉氧化还原精炼→精炼铜液→流槽→中间包、定量浇铸包→浇铸阳极板。
论文“竖炉熔铜工艺的实践”（袁辅平，《工业炉》，第30卷第3期， 2008年5月）公开了一种竖炉熔铜-反射炉精炼联合作业生产阳极铜板工艺。该工艺用竖炉进铜料，并熔化成铜水提供给反射炉，反射炉将铜水氧化还原然后浇铸成阳极铜板。
④竖炉-倾动式精炼炉-保温炉联合精炼工艺流程
论文“废杂铜火法精炼直接生产光亮铜杆的工艺和设备”（赵新生 卢宏，《资源再生》，2008年第10、11期）公开了一种1台竖炉-2台倾动炉-1台保温炉联合精炼工艺。其主要流程为，紫杂铜→加料机→竖炉熔炼→紫杂铜液→流槽→倾动式精炼炉氧化还原精炼→精炼铜液→流槽→保温炉微调铜液成分与温度→精炼铜液→流槽→中间包→连铸连轧电工用铜线坯。
现有的火法精炼技术存在以下问题：1) 固定式反射炉和倾动式精炼炉的燃料消耗大，热效率低（能源利用率15～40%），劳动条件较差；2) 竖炉-固定式反射炉联合精炼工艺中的竖炉使用率低，无法连续化高效生产；3) 竖炉-倾动式精炼炉-保温炉联合精炼工艺流程中设置的保温炉，增加了能源消耗。
 发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种能源利用率高、劳动条件较好、生产连续性强的紫杂铜火法精炼工艺。
为此，本发明提供了一种紫杂铜的火法精炼工艺，其特征在于，采用竖炉、铜水包、和至少一台回转炉，包括下列步骤：1）紫杂铜原料通过加料机装入竖炉，在竖炉中熔炼成紫杂铜液；2）竖炉熔炼产出的紫杂铜液采用铜水包吊运装入回转式精炼炉，进行氧化还原精炼，以得到精炼铜液；以及3）精炼铜液经流槽直接进入中间包，以完成后续工序。
优选地，包括至少两台回转炉。
优选地，包括三台回转炉。
优选地，在步骤3）中，流槽形式可以是活动式和固定式两种类型的组合，也可以是其中一种；流槽可以是多段，也可以是一段。中间包后可以直接连接后续工序，也可以通过定量浇铸包连接后续工序。
优选地，后续工序包括连铸连轧铜线坯或浇铸阳极铜。
优选地，包括两台回转炉，该两台回转炉各自独立完成精炼作业全过程，相互交错作业过程。
优选地，包括用于熔铜的一台竖炉和用于精炼铜的两台回转炉。
根据本发明，采用的设备包括1台竖炉、铜水包、1至3台回转炉、流槽、中间包，但省略了保温炉。
根据本发明的一个实施例，紫杂铜的火法精炼的工艺采用一台竖炉和两台回转炉联合精炼工艺流程，熔炼阶段采用竖炉熔化紫杂铜，氧化、还原阶段采用两台回转式精炼炉将紫杂铜液精炼成为精炼铜液。
所述竖炉是熔化固态铜的先进设备，与固定式反射炉或倾动式精炼比较，熔化效率可提高1～2倍，热损失可减小至20～35%，即能源利用率可高达65～80%，生产连续性强。
所述回转式精炼炉是在以矿铜为原料生产阴极铜的大型化工艺流程中，把液态粗铜精炼成阳极铜工艺环节的首选设备，又称回转式阳极炉或回转炉。与固定式或倾动式反射炉比较，回转式精炼炉具有散热面积小（相当于反射炉的50%左右），密封性好，热效率高（能源利用率可达60～70%），烟尘治理难度小，排渣、放铜操作机械化自动化程度高，劳动条件较好以及大型化生产配套技术相对成熟的技术优势。
在本发明的该实施例中，两台回转炉各自独立完成精炼作业全过程，但同时相互交错1/2作业过程。回转炉冶炼完成后，精炼铜液经过流槽直接进入中间包，不需再经过保温炉微调成分和温度，精炼铜液直接进入铜线坯连铸连轧生产线或阳极板浇铸机，用于连铸连轧铜线坯，或用于浇铸阳极板。
根据本发明的所述紫杂铜的火法精炼工艺，综合吸取了竖炉熔化固态铜技术优势和回转炉精炼液态铜技术的优势。
根据本发明的另外一个实施例的紫杂铜的火法精炼工艺的步骤如下：
① 预处理紫杂铜炉料，尽可能去除夹杂物。
② 把炉料装入料车式或其它形式的加料机，随之加入竖炉。
③ 竖炉熔化炉料，产出紫杂铜液。
④ 吊车铜水包接取紫杂铜液，先后吊运倒入两台回转炉。
⑤ 两台回转炉各自独立完成精炼作业全过程，但同时相互交错1/2作业过程。当一台处于接取铜液，氧化、排渣及还原精炼作业过程时，另一台处于控制铜液的最终温度和成分、出铜作业过程。当一台即将出完铜液时，另一台开始出铜，平稳交替，保持流入流槽的精炼铜液流量基本稳定。
⑥ 回转炉产出的精炼铜液流入活动流槽，再流入固定流槽，最终流入中间包，用于连铸连轧电工用铜线坯，或用于浇铸阳极板。
根据本发明的紫杂铜火法精炼工艺的有益效果是：
① 采用竖炉熔炼的方法，显著提高了紫杂铜火法精炼的熔化效率（提高1～2倍）和能源利用率（提高20～30个百分点）；
② 采用回转炉精炼紫杂铜的方法改善了排渣、放铜的操作劳动条件；
③ 一台竖炉和两台回转炉联合精炼工艺中，两台回转炉同时相互交错1/2精炼作业过程，有利于连续接取竖炉铜液，连续产出精炼铜液，保证了生产的连续性；
④ 采用本发明的火法精炼工艺，有利于提高以紫杂铜为主要原料生产铜线坯或阳极板的大型化、机械化和自动化技术水平。
 附图说明
图1是根据本发明的紫杂铜的火法精炼工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
参见附图，本发明技术方案的具体实施方法如下：
图1中，紫杂铜原料被装入料车式或其它形式的加料机，随之加入竖炉；竖炉熔化炉料，产出紫杂铜液；吊车铜水包接取紫杂铜液，先后吊运倒入两台回转炉，两台回转炉各自独立完成精炼作业全过程，但同时相互交错1/2作业过程，保持流入固定流槽的纯铜液流量基本稳定；回转炉产出的纯铜液流入活动流槽，最终流经中间包进入铜线连铸连轧生产线或阳极板浇铸机，用于连铸连轧铜线坯或浇铸阳极板。
实施例1
以紫杂铜为原料年产铜线坯22万吨工程的火法精炼工艺流程，铜水包三次吊运铜液方式，步骤如下：
① 预处理紫杂铜炉料，尽可能去除夹杂物，加工长度或块度应适合装入料车。
② 用叉车把紫杂铜炉料装入料车式加料机。
③ 料车式加料机把紫杂铜炉料加入产能35t/h竖炉。
④ 产能35t/h竖炉熔化炉料，连续产出紫杂铜液，用公称容量100t铜水包接取，先后吊运倒入两台公称容量300t回转炉。
⑤ 先吊运倒入第一台回转炉，共需3次，每次约100t。倒完200t后，进入氧化操作。倒完300t后，进入后期氧化、排渣、还原、控制温度和成分精炼作业，完成后即可出铜。
⑥ 第一台回转炉精炼作业完成后出铜时，第二台回转炉开始进入接取铜液、精炼作业和出铜全过程。两台公称容量300t回转炉各自独立完成接取铜液、氧化、排渣、还原、控制温度和成分、出铜作业全过程，但同时相互交错1/2作业过程。当一台即将出完铜液时，另一台开始出铜，平稳交替，保持流入固定流槽的精炼铜液流量基本稳定。
⑦ 回转炉产出的精炼铜液通过活动流槽引入固定流槽。
⑧ 精炼铜液从固定流槽流入中间包。
⑨ 精炼铜液从中间包注入产能35t/h连铸连轧生产线的连铸机，经连续铸坯、轧杆，产出铜线坯。
实施例2
以紫杂铜为原料年产铜线坯22万吨工程的火法精炼工艺流程，铜水包两次吊运铜液方式，步骤如下：
步骤 ①、②、③与实施例1相同。
④ 产能35t/h竖炉熔化炉料，连续产出紫杂铜液，用公称容量150t铜水包接取，先后吊运倒入两台公称容量300t回转炉。
⑤ 先吊运倒入第一台回转炉，共需2次，每次约150t。倒完300t后，进入氧化、排渣、还原、控制温度和成分精炼作业，完成后即可出铜。
步骤⑥、⑦、⑧、⑨ 与实施例1相同。
本发明按下式确定回转炉公称容量:
回转炉公称容量(t) = 竖炉产能(t/h) × 单台回转炉完成接取铜液和氧化还原的时间(h)
本发明按下式确定铜水包公称容量：
铜水包公称容量(t) = 回转炉公称容量(t) ÷ 铜水包吊运次数
本发明的铜水包吊运次数应根据技术经济分析情况确定。
以上公开了本发明的若干特定实施例，本领域的技术人员可以根据本发明的思想进行各种改进、完善、替换、和/或变更，例如，流槽形式可以是活动式和固定式两种类型的组合，也可以是其中一种；流槽可以是多段，也可以是一段。然而，这样做，都已经包含在权利要求书的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种紫杂铜的火法精炼工艺，其特征在于，采用竖炉、铜水包、和至少一台回转炉，包括下列步骤：
    1）紫杂铜原料通过加料机装入竖炉，在竖炉中熔炼成紫杂铜液；
    2）竖炉熔炼产出的紫杂铜液采用铜水包吊运装入回转炉，进行氧化还原精炼，以得到精炼铜液；以及
    3）精炼铜液经流槽直接进入中间包，以完成后续工序。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的火法精炼工艺，其特征在于，包括至少两台回转炉。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的火法精炼工艺，其特征在于，包括三台回转炉。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的火法精炼工艺，其特征在于，在步骤3）中，流槽形式可以是活动式和固定式两种类型的组合，也可以是其中一种；流槽可以是多段，也可以是一段。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的火法精炼工艺，其特征在于，中间包后可以直接连接后续工序，也可以通过定量浇铸包连接后续工序。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的火法精炼工艺，其特征在于，后续工序包括连铸连轧铜线坯或浇铸阳极板。
  7. 如权利要求2所述的火法精炼工艺，其特征在于，包括两台回转炉，该两台回转炉各自独立完成精炼作业全过程，相互交错作业过程。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的火法精炼工艺，其特征在于，包括用于熔铜的一台竖炉和用于精炼铜的两台回转炉。
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