WO2011153675A1 - 风电机组多功能平台及叶片拆卸方法 - Google Patents

风电机组多功能平台及叶片拆卸方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011153675A1
WO2011153675A1 PCT/CN2010/001684 CN2010001684W WO2011153675A1 WO 2011153675 A1 WO2011153675 A1 WO 2011153675A1 CN 2010001684 W CN2010001684 W CN 2010001684W WO 2011153675 A1 WO2011153675 A1 WO 2011153675A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
blade
platform
sling
crane
tower
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2010/001684
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
谭贤顺
金宝年
姚利斌
Original Assignee
华锐风电科技(集团)股份有限公司
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Application filed by 华锐风电科技(集团)股份有限公司 filed Critical 华锐风电科技(集团)股份有限公司
Priority to US13/703,008 priority Critical patent/US20130074337A1/en
Priority to EP10852668.2A priority patent/EP2581336A4/en
Priority to BR112012031219A priority patent/BR112012031219A2/pt
Priority to CA2801819A priority patent/CA2801819A1/en
Priority to AU2010355208A priority patent/AU2010355208A1/en
Publication of WO2011153675A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011153675A1/zh

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/10Assembly of wind motors; Arrangements for erecting wind motors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/18Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes
    • B66C23/20Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes with supporting couples provided by walls of buildings or like structures
    • B66C23/207Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes with supporting couples provided by walls of buildings or like structures with supporting couples provided by wind turbines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66DCAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D1/00Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
    • B66D1/60Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans adapted for special purposes
    • B66D1/605Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans adapted for special purposes scaffolding winshes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2230/00Manufacture
    • F05B2230/60Assembly methods
    • F05B2230/61Assembly methods using auxiliary equipment for lifting or holding
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2230/00Manufacture
    • F05B2230/70Disassembly methods
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49316Impeller making
    • Y10T29/49318Repairing or disassembling
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/53Means to assemble or disassemble
    • Y10T29/53961Means to assemble or disassemble with work-holder for assembly
    • Y10T29/53974Means to assemble or disassemble with work-holder for assembly having means to permit support movement while work is thereon

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a blade maintenance platform for an offshore wind turbine, and to a blade replacement method for an offshore wind turbine. Background technique
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a multi-functional platform for wind turbines for blade replacement, blade maintenance and tower maintenance of wind turbines. And a method of blade disassembly, using the device and bringing it by means of a fan
  • the maintenance crane can replace the fan blades without disassembling the impeller, and the wind blades are not required to be replaced when replacing the blades.
  • the requirements for the site are greatly reduced.
  • the influence of the wind and the wave can be reduced, and the replacement and maintenance cost of the blade can be reduced, and the effect on the offshore wind field is particularly obvious. And, with this equipment, regular maintenance of the fan tower and blades can be performed.
  • the technical solutions adopted by the present invention include:
  • a multi-functional platform for a wind turbine characterized in that the multifunctional platform comprises:
  • a platform frame comprising a base having an annular central bore and two mutually parallel arms extending from one side of the base;
  • a hoisting mechanism which is at least three traction devices distributed around the annular central hole and fixed on the base for realizing up and down translation of the platform;
  • the tower holding mechanism having a telescopic action mechanism and a holding plate, the telescopic action mechanism capable of driving the holding plate to the Extending from the center of the annular center hole;
  • Two blade adjustment supports are respectively disposed on the extended ends of the two arms;
  • Two sets of blade pulling mechanisms are respectively connected at one end to a blade adjusting support.
  • each anti-collision mechanism having a roller with a soft outer surface, the roller being pivoted on a roller seat by a horizontally disposed roller shaft, and the roller
  • the roller seat of the anti-collision mechanism is mounted on the inner circumference of the annular center hole of the platform frame.
  • the holding disk has a curved surface with a rubber pad on the curved surface.
  • the telescopic action mechanism is a hydraulic cylinder, a screw nut or a pneumatic cylinder.
  • the blade pulling mechanism is a chain hoist or an electric hoist.
  • the traction device is an electric hoist, a hydraulic power hoist or an electric hoist. .
  • a displacement control mechanism is disposed between the two ends of the mobile trolley and the two arms of the platform frame, and a power mechanism is disposed on the base or the mobile trolley.
  • the displacement control mechanism is driven to adjust the position of the moving trolley.
  • the displacement control mechanism includes two sprocket wheels fixed at two ends of each arm and a chain wound between the two sprocket wheels, and the two ends of the mobile trolley are respectively Branch
  • the chain on the arm is fixedly connected
  • the power mechanism comprises a worm gear mechanism fixed on the base
  • the power source of the worm is manual power, motor drive, pneumatic drive or hydraulic drive
  • the shaft of the worm wheel is One sprocket is powered and the two sets of sprocket on the two arms are connected by a coupling.
  • a walking platform and a guard rail are fixed on the outer side of the platform frame.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention further includes:
  • a blade dismounting method comprising the steps of:
  • the platform frame Before disassembling the blades, first use the platform frame to fasten the slings at the three positions of the blades respectively.
  • the sling is attached to the blade root side of the blade, the second sling is attached to the blade tip side, and the third sling Staggered a distance from the No. 2 sling and closer to the tip of the blade; then, hang the No. 1 sling and the No. 2 sling on the hook of the crane, and the two ends of the sling are pulled with a set of blades Connect the ⁇ mechanism; then use the fan to repair the crane to hang the blade root;
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the overall structure of a multifunctional platform provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 1A is a partial enlarged view of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the multifunctional platform provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of the present invention fixed on a tower
  • Figure 4 is a side view of the present invention fixed to the tower
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of an anti-collision structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural view of the tower holding mechanism of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of the operation of the fan blade using the present invention. detailed description
  • the invention provides a multifunctional platform, as shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 1A and Fig. 2, the platform is composed of the following parts:
  • Platform frame 1 It is the basis for the installation of various functional components, and provides the operator with an operating platform for the operator to work.
  • the platform frame 1 adopts a split structure, which is divided into two parts arranged in front and rear, between the two parts. By bolting, for convenient transportation and installation; in the present embodiment, the platform frame 1 includes a base 11 having an annular central hole 10 and two mutually parallel arms extending from one side of the base 1 1 12;
  • Hoisting mechanism 2 for up-and-down translation of the platform, the hoisting mechanism 2 includes at least three electric hoists 21 distributed around the annular central hole 10 and fixed to the pedestal 1 1; in this embodiment, the electric hoist The number of 21 is four; of course, the above-mentioned electric winch 21 can also be replaced by various traction devices such as a hydraulic power hoist or an electric hoist;
  • Anti-collision mechanism 3 Please refer to FIG. 5, which has a roller 31 with a soft outer surface, and the roller 31 is pivotally mounted on a roller holder 33 via a horizontally disposed roller shaft 32; It can be seen that the roller seat 33 of the anti-collision mechanism 3 is mounted on the inner circumference of the annular center hole 10 of the platform frame 1. When the platform frame 1 slides up and down on the tower, the roller 31 with a soft outer surface can be cushioned. The impact between the platform frame 1 and the tower 9;
  • Tower holding mechanism 4 Please refer to FIG. 6, which includes a holding support 41, a hydraulic cylinder 42, a holding plate 43 and a rubber cushion 44 fixed to the platform frame 1 a circumference of the annular center hole 10, the cylinder of the hydraulic cylinder 42 is fixed to the holding support 41, the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 42 extends toward the center of the annular center hole 10, and the end of the piston rod is fixed
  • the holding plate 43 has a curved surface, and a layer of the rubber cushion 44 is padded on the arc surface; when the tower holding mechanism 4 is used, the piston rod is pushed out by hydraulic driving.
  • the holding disc 43 at the front end thereof is tightly pressed with the tower 9 through the rubber cushion 44, so that a large static friction force is generated between the platform frame 1 and the tower cylinder 9, thereby effectively preventing the left and right rotation of the platform frame 1 and ensuring work.
  • the tightening mechanism 4 holds the tower 9 when the platform does not need to move up and down, and only serves to restrict the rotation of the platform frame 1 around the tower 9, and the lifting limit of the platform frame 1 is still realized by the winch. .
  • the driving of the above-mentioned tower holding mechanism 4 is not limited to hydraulic driving, and the above-mentioned hydraulic cylinder 42 may be replaced by a telescopic action mechanism such as a trapezoidal screw nut or a pneumatic cylinder;
  • the mobile cart 5 a displacement control mechanism is arranged between the two ends of the platform frame 1 and the two arms 12 of the platform frame 1, and a power mechanism is arranged on the base 11 or the mobile trolley 5 for Driving the displacement control mechanism to adjust the position of the moving cart 5;
  • the displacement control mechanism includes two sprockets 51 fixed at both ends of each arm 12 and wound around the two sprockets a chain 52 between the 51, and the two ends of the moving cart 5 are respectively fixedly connected with the chain 52 on an arm 12, and the power mechanism includes a worm gear mechanism 53 fixed on the base 1 1 , the worm
  • the power source is manual power
  • the shaft of the worm wheel is dynamically connected to one of the sprockets 51
  • the two sets of sprockets 51 on the two arms 12 are connected by a coupling 54 to ensure synchronous rotation;
  • the power source of the power mechanism can be replaced by motor drive, pneumatic drive or hydraulic drive.
  • the displacement control mechanism can also be replaced by a rack and pinion, a timing belt and a pulley, or a screw nut; when using a rack and pinion as a displacement In the control mechanism, the rack is fixed on the arm 12, and the gear is mounted on the moving cart 5.
  • the power mechanism is also mounted on the moving cart 5. In order to ensure synchronous rotation, the two gears also need to be coupled.
  • the device 54 is connected;
  • the blade adjustment support 6 is disposed on the extended end of the arm 12 for providing a force foundation when the blade is replaced, and relies on the support to realize adjustment of the blade angle and position; in this embodiment, a blade adjustment support 6 is provided at each of the projecting ends of the two arms 12; 7.
  • Walking platform and guardrail 7 fixed on the outer side of the platform frame 1, which is convenient for the operator to operate various functional components on the platform frame 1 and ensure the safety of the operator;
  • Blade pulling mechanism 8 When the blade 91 is replaced, it is used to adjust the angle and displacement of the blade 91.
  • the two sets of the blade pulling mechanism 8 can be realized by a chain hoist, and the blade pulling mechanism 8 ( That is, one end of the chain hoist is hung on the hoisting belt on the blade 91, and the other end is hung on the yoke adjusting bracket 6 of the blade 91, and the raking action of the hoist is used to realize the pulling of the blade 91; of course, the blade is pulled
  • the mechanism 8 can also be implemented by other mechanisms such as electric hoists.
  • the first sling S l and the second sling S2 are respectively attached to the two sides of the center of gravity of the blade 91, for example, the sling S 1 is on the leaf root side, the second sling S2 is on the leaf tip side, and the third sling S3 is offset from the second sling S2 by a certain distance and closer to the tip side;
  • the No. 1 sling Sl and the No. 2 sling S2 are hung on the hook D of the crane vessel (an existing offshore hoisting equipment), and the two ends of the sling S3 are each pulled with a set of blades.
  • the ⁇ mechanism 8 is connected; the fan is used to repair the crane 92 (-the fan own device) hangs the blade 91;
  • the hoisting vessel slowly tightens the No. 2 sling S2, keeping the blade 91 in the same posture, and then separating the two sets of the slinging mechanism 8 from the No. 3 sling S3;
  • the blade 91 is slowly lowered downward, and when it is dropped to a suitable height, the blade 91 is changed from the longitudinal direction to the horizontal direction by adjustment, and the crane ship passes the number one.
  • the sling Sl and the second sling S2 hang the blade 91, remove the hook of the maintenance crane, and traverse the blade 91 on the transport ship by the hoisting ship, thereby completing the disassembly work of the blade 91;
  • the blade 91 is installed in the same way as the blade 91 is disassembled. The process is reversed: First, the lifting beam is installed at the root of the blade 91, and the sling is fastened at three positions of the blade 91. The position of the sling is the same as that when the blade 91 is removed, and the fan is repaired. The crane 92 is hung on the hanging beam, and the crane hoisting hook hangs the No. 1 sling Sl and the No. 2 sling S2. With the hoisting ship and the maintenance crane, the blade 91 is changed from the horizontal direction to the longitudinal direction and sent to the underside of the wheel hub. It is advisable that the blade root does not collide with the hub.
  • the attitude of the blade 91 is kept unchanged, the platform frame 1 is hung to the working position, and it is held tightly on the tower 9 to be stable, and the third sling S3 is hung.
  • the pulling mechanism tightening the pulling mechanism, relaxing the sling of the lifting vessel so that the blade 91 is not pulled by the crane, and using the fan maintenance crane 92 and the pulling mechanism on the platform to send the blade 91 to the mounting surface.
  • the hoisting mechanism 2 is operated, and the platform is translated up and down as needed.
  • the tower holding mechanism 4 is operated to hold the platform on the wind turbine tower 9, and then maintenance is performed, and The extension length of the hydraulic cylinder 42 can be adjusted to adjust the distance between the operator and the tower 9;
  • the blade 91 When the blade 91 is maintained, it is basically the same as the maintenance tower 9. Due to the taper angle of the blade 91, the distance between the blade 91 and the tower 9 is different at different positions. When the blade 91 is maintained, the moving carriage 5 is operated to a suitable position. , the maintenance of the blade 91 is completed in accordance with the pitch.

Description

风电机组多功能平台及叶片拆卸方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种海上风电机组的叶片维修平台,还涉及一种海上风电机组的 叶片更换方法。 背景技术
为了人类的可持续发展、 保护环境, 低碳经济、 节能减排, 清洁能源成为 经济发展的重要方向。 作为清洁能源的重要组成部分, 风力发电发展迅速。 近 年来, 各地风场不断增多, 陆地风场不断发展的同时, 离岸型风场也已经开始 建设。 同时, 随着风电技术的发展和机组性能逐步改进和提高, 风电机组越来 越经济和高效, 单机容量也不断增大。
然而, 随着风电机组单机容量的逐渐增大, 机组各部件的长度和重量也在 不断增加, 这样, 极大地增加了风电机组的维护难度, 提高了维护成本。 尤其 是离岸型的风电机组, 受海上风浪的影响, 安装和维护的难度会大很多, 对于 维护所需设备的要求也更高。 目前国内还没有专门用于海上风电机组的吊装设 备, 这样, 海上风电机组的维护及大部件的更换, 难度更大, 成本更高, 并且 更换和维护所耗时间也会更长。
目前, 很多大型风电机组自身配备了维修吊车, 可以利用自带的维修吊车 进行一些部件的更换和维护。 但是, 在大型风电机组的部件更换中, 叶片的更 换是非常困难的, 利用风机自带的维修吊车无法完成叶片的更换。 对于陆上风 机, 更换叶片时能使用的办法是把风机的整个叶轮卸下来, 在地面上换好叶片 后再把叶轮安装回风机上。 这需要大型的设备、 宽阔的场地并且需要拉风绳, 维护难度非常大, 成本非常高昂。 而对于离岸型风机, 由于没有专门用于海上 风电机组吊装的设备以及场地因素制约, 无法将叶轮整体拆卸和安装。
这样, 亟需一种设备和方法来解决大型风电机组叶片更换的问题。 发明内容
为克服风电机组维护的困难, 降低维护成本, 提高风场建设的经济性和安 全性, 本发明的目的是提供一种用于风电机组叶片更换、 叶片维护、 塔筒维护 的风电机组多功能平台以及一种叶片拆卸的方法, 利用该设备并借助风机自带 的维修吊车可以在不拆卸叶轮的情况下更换风机叶片, 更换叶片时不需拉风绳, 这样, 对于场地的要求大大降低。 并且, 在拆卸和安装叶片时, 可以降低设备 受风浪的影响, 降低叶片的更换维护成本, 对于海上风场效果尤其明显。 并且, 利用该设备可以进行风机塔筒和叶片的定期维护。
为实现上述目的, 本发明釆用的技术方案包括:
一种风电机组多功能平台, 其特征在于, 该多功能平台包括:
平台框架, 其包括具有环形中心孔的基座以及从该基座一侧延伸出去的两 个相互平行的支臂;
卷扬机构, 其是环绕该环形中心孔分布并固定在该基座上的至少三个牵引 装置, 用来实现平台的上下平移;
数个塔筒抱紧机构, 环绕固定在平台框架的环形中心孔的周缘, 该塔筒抱 紧机构均具有伸缩动作机构与抱紧盘, 该伸缩动作机构能够带动所述的抱紧盘 向该环形中心孔的中心方向伸出;
移动小车, 其在该两个支臂上滑移;
两个叶片调整支座, 分别设置在两个支臂的伸出端上;
两组叶片拉拽机构, 其一端分别与一个叶片调整支座相连。
在一个较佳的技术方案中: 还包括数个防碰撞机构, 每个防碰撞机构具有 一个带柔软外表面的滚轮, 该滚轮通过一个水平设置的滚轮轴枢设在一个滚轮 座上, 而该防碰撞机构的滚轮座安装在平台框架的环形中心孔的内周缘上。
在一个较佳的技术方案中: 该抱紧盘具有一个弧面, 弧面上垫有一层橡胶 软垫。
在一个较佳的技术方案中: 所述的伸缩动作机构是液压缸、 丝杠螺母或者 气动气缸。
在一个较佳的技术方案中: 所述的叶片拉拽机构是手拉葫芦或电动葫芦。 在一个较佳的技术方案中: 所述的牵引装置是电动卷扬机、 液压动力卷扬 机或电动葫芦。.
在一个较佳的技术方案中: 该移动小车的两端分别与该平台框架的两个支 臂之间设有一个位移控制机构, 并在该基座或者该移动小车上设有动力机构, 用来驱动该位移控制机构运转, 以调整该移动小车的位置。
在一个较佳的技术方案中: 该位移控制机构包括固定在每个支臂两端的两 个链轮以及卷绕在该两个链轮之间的链条, 而该移动小车的两端分别与一个支 臂上的该链条固定连接, 该动力机构则包括固定在该基座上的蜗轮蜗杆机构", 该蜗杆的动力源是手动动力、 电机驱动、 气压驱动或者液压驱动, 该蜗轮的轴 杆与其中一个链轮动力连接, 并且两个支臂上的两套链轮用联轴器相连。
在一个较佳的技术方案中: 在该平台框架的外侧固定有行走平台和护栏。 为实现上述目的, 本发明釆用的技术方案还包括:
一种叶片拆卸方法, 其特征在于, 包括以下步骤:
( 1 )把平台框架吊到风机塔筒的两侧,并把平台框架的两部分组装到一起, 使塔筒穿过平台框架的环形中心孔;
( 2 )把卷扬机构上的钢丝绳挂在风机机抢的吊点上, 运行该卷扬机构 , 把 平台平稳地吊到所需的高度;
. ( 3 )推出塔筒抱紧机构前端的抱紧盘, 使平台与塔筒间产生摩擦力, 有效 防止平台框架的转动;
( 4 )在拆卸叶片之前,首先利用平台框架在叶片的三个位置分别系好吊带, 一号吊带系在叶片的叶根一侧, 二号吊带系在叶片的叶尖一侧, 三号吊带与二 号吊带错开一定距离并更靠近叶尖一侧; 然后, 把一号吊带、 二号吊带均挂好 在起重船的吊钩上, 而三号吊带的两端各与一套叶片拉拽机构相连; 再使用风 机维修吊车挂好叶片根部;
( 5 )起重船的吊钩先放松, 而风机维修吊车及两套拉拽机构都处于绷紧状 态, 以保持叶片的稳定;
( 6 )开始拆卸叶片根部螺栓,然后利用风机维修吊车及叶片拉拽机构配合, 使叶片根部离开叶轮, 此时, 多功能平台不动, 起重船的吊钩不使劲;
( 7 )叶片根部离开叶轮后, 起重船緩緩拉紧二号吊带, 保持叶片姿态不变, 再使两套叶片拉拽机构与三号吊带分离;
( 8 ) 收回平台框架上的塔筒抱紧机构, 利用卷扬机构把多功能平台降落到 塔筒底部;
( 9 ) 然后利用风机维修吊车与起重船配合, 把叶片緩緩往下放, 当下落到 合适高度后, 通过调整使叶片由纵向变为水平方向, 此时起重船通过一号吊带、 二号吊带吊住叶片, 摘掉维修吊车的吊钩, 利用起重船把叶片横放在运输船上, 至此, 完成叶片的拆卸工作。
与现有技术相比较, 本发明具有的有益效果是:
1.配合风机自身的维修吊车, 可不拆卸叶轮实现叶片的更换; 2.叶片更换受地域的影响小;
3.当在海上更换风机叶片时, 由于在进行叶片精确对接时不受海浪的影响, 解决了国内海上无专门设备吊装风机这一难题, 可实现海上风机叶片的更换并 降低了更换成本;
4.可进行风机塔筒和叶片的日常维护, 操作人员的安全性更高, 工作环境更 舒适。 附图说明
图 1是本发明提供的多功能平台的整体结构立体示意图;
图 1A是图 1的局部放大示意图;
图 2是本发明提供的多功能平台的俯视图;
图 3是本发明固定在塔筒上的整体结构示意图;
图 4是本发明固定在塔筒上的侧视图;
图 5是本发明的防碰撞结构的结构示意图;
图 6是本发明的塔筒抱紧机构的结构示意图;
图 7是使用本发明拆卸风机叶片的工作方式示意图。 具体实施方式
本发明提供一种多功能平台, 如图 1、 图 1A、 图 2所示, 该平台由以下几 部分组成:
1.平台框架 1 : 其为各功能部件的安装基础, 并给操作人员提供操作平台, 方便操作人员进行工作; 该平台框架 1采用分体结构, 分为前后布置的两部分, 两部分之间通过螺栓连接, 以方便运输和安装; 在本实施例中, 该平台框架 1 包括具有环形中心孔 10的基座 1 1以及从该基座 1 1一侧延伸出去的两个相互平 行的支臂 12;
2.卷扬机构 2: 用来实现平台的上下平移, 该卷扬机构 2包括环绕该环形中 心孔 10分布并固定在该基座 1 1上的至少三个电动卷扬机 21 ; 本实施例中, 电 动卷扬机 21的数目为四个; 当然, 也可用液压动力卷扬机或者电动葫芦等多种 牵引装置来替换上述电动卷扬机 21 ;
3.防碰撞机构 3: 请参阅图 5所示, 其具有一个带柔软外表面的滚轮 31 , 该 滚轮 31通过一个水平设置的滚轮轴 32枢设在一个滚轮座 33上; 从图 1中可以 看到 , 该防碰撞机构 3的滚轮座 33安装在平台框架 1的环形中心孔 10的内周 缘上, 当平台框架 1在塔筒上作上下滑动时, 带柔软外表面的滚轮 31可以緩冲 平台框架 1与塔筒 9之间的撞击;
4.塔筒抱紧机构 4: 请参阅图 6所示, 其包括抱紧支座 41、 液压缸 42、 抱 紧盘 43与橡胶软垫 44,该抱紧支座 41 固定在平台框架 1的环形中心孔 10的周 缘, 该液压缸 42的缸体固定在该抱紧支座 41上, 该液压缸 42的活塞杆则向该 环形中心孔 10的中心延伸, 该活塞杆的端部固定有所述的抱紧盘 43 , 该抱紧盘 43具有一个弧面, 弧面上垫有一层所述的橡胶软垫 44; 该塔筒抱紧机构 4使用 的时候, 通过液压驱动, 活塞杆推出其前端的抱紧盘 43 , 通过该橡胶软垫 44与 塔筒 9紧密压合, 可使平台框架 1与塔筒 9间产生大的静摩擦力, 有效防止平 台框架 1的左右转动, 保证在工作时多功能平台的稳定性, 抱紧机构 4在平台 不需要上下移动的时候才抱紧塔筒 9, 只用于限制平台框架 1绕塔筒 9旋转, 平 台框架 1的升降限制仍然依靠卷扬机实现。 当然, 上述塔筒抱紧机构 4的驱动 不限于液压驱动, 也可用梯形丝杠螺母、 气动气缸等伸缩动作机构来替代上述 液压缸 42;
5.移动小车 5: 其两端分别与该平台框架 1的两个支臂 12之间设有一个位 移控制机构, 并在该基座 1 1或者该移动小车 5上设有动力机构, 用来驱动该位 移控制机构运转, 以调整该移动小车 5的位置; 在本实施例中, 该位移控制机 构包括固定在每个支臂 12两端的两个链轮 51以及卷绕在该两个链轮 51之间的 链条 52, 而该移动小车 5的两端分别与一个支臂 12上的该链条 52固定连接, 该动力机构则包括固定在该基座 1 1上的蜗轮蜗杆机构 53 ,该蜗杆的动力源是手 动动力, 该蜗轮的轴杆与其中一个链轮 51动力连接, 并且两个支臂 12上的两 套链轮 51用联轴器 54相连, 以保证同步旋转;
动力机构的动力源可以用电机驱动、 气压驱动或者液压驱动来替换, 该位 移控制机构也可以采用齿轮齿条、 同步带及带轮、 或者丝杠螺母等来替代; 当 使用齿轮齿条作为位移控制机构的时候, 齿条固定在该支臂 12上, 齿轮则安装 在该移动小车 5上, 该动力机构也安装在该移动小车 5上, 为了保证同步旋转, 两个齿轮也需要用联轴器 54相连;
6.叶片调整支座 6: 设置在该支臂 12的伸出端上, 用来在更换叶片时, 提 供受力基础, 依靠该支座实现叶片角度和位置的调整; 在本实施例中, 在两个 支臂 12的伸出端各设有一个叶片调整支座 6; 7.行走平台和护栏 7: 固定在该平台框架 1的外侧, 方便操作人员在平台框 架 1上操作各个功能部件并保证操作人员的安全;
8.叶片拉拽机构 8: 更换叶片 91时, 用于调整叶片 91角度和位移; 本实施 例中, 所具有的两套叶片拉拽机构 8可用手拉葫芦实现, 该叶片拉拽机构 8 (即 手拉葫芦)的一端挂在叶片 91上的吊装带上, 另一端挂在该叶片 91调整支座 6 上, 通过手拉葫芦的动作, 实现叶片 91的拉拽; 当然, 该叶片拉拽机构 8也可 用电动葫芦等其他机构来实现。
至于使用本发明更换风机叶片 91, 其过程如下:
1.把平台框架 1 吊到风机塔筒 9的两侧,并把平台框架 1的两部分组装到一 起, 使塔筒 9穿过平台框架 1的环形中心孔 10;
2.把卷扬机构 2上的钢丝绳挂在风机机枪的吊点上, 运行卷扬机构 2 , 把平 台平稳地吊到所需的高度;
3.通过液压驱动, 推出塔筒抱紧机构 4前端的抱紧盘 43 , 使平台与塔筒 9 间产生摩擦力, 有效防止平台框架 1的转动;
4.在拆卸叶片 91之前,首先利用平台框架 1在叶片 91的三个位置各系好吊 带, 一号吊带 S l、 二号吊带 S2分别系在叶片 91重心的两侧, 例如一号吊带 S 1 系在叶根一侧, 二号吊带 S2系在叶尖一侧, 三号吊带 S3与二号吊带 S2错开一 定距离并更靠近叶尖一侧;
然后, 把一号吊带 Sl、 二号吊带 S2均挂好在起重船(一种现有的海上起重 设备)的吊钩 D上, 而三号吊带 S3的两端各与一套叶片拉拽机构 8相连; 使 用风机维修吊车 92 (—种风机自带设备) 挂好叶片 91根部;
5.起重船的吊钩先放松, 而风机维修吊车 92及两套拉拽机构都处于绷紧状 态, 以保持叶片 91的稳定;
6.开始拆卸叶片 91根部螺栓, 然后利用风机维修吊车 92及叶片拉拽机构 8 配合, 使叶片 91根部离开叶轮, 此时, 多功能平台不动, 起重船的吊钩不使劲;
7.叶片 91根部离开叶轮后, 起重船緩緩拉紧二号吊带 S2 , 保持叶片 91姿 态不变, 再使两套叶片拉拽机构 8与三号吊带 S3分离;
8.收回平台框架 1上的塔筒抱紧机构 4, 利用卷扬机构 2把多功能平台降落 到塔筒 9底部;
9.然后利用风机维修吊车 92与起重船配合, 把叶片 91緩緩往下放, 当下落 到合适高度后, 通过调整使叶片 91由纵向变为水平方向, 此时起重船通过一号 吊带 Sl、 二号吊带 S2吊住叶片 91, 摘掉维修吊车的吊钩, 利用起重船把叶片 91横放在运输船上, 至此, 完成叶片 91的拆卸工作;
10.叶片 91安装与叶片 91拆卸的方法基本一样, 过程相反: 首先在叶片 91 根部安装好吊梁, 在叶片 91的三个位置系好吊带, 吊带位置与拆卸叶片 91时 位置相同, 风机维修吊车 92挂好在吊梁上, 起重船吊钩吊住一号吊带 Sl、 二号 吊带 S2, 利用起重船和维修吊车配合,把叶片 91由水平方向变为纵向并送到轮 毂下, 以叶根不与轮毂发生碰撞为宜, 此时, 保持叶片 91姿态不变, 把平台框 架 1吊到工作位置, 并使其抱紧在塔筒 9上保持稳定, 把三号吊带 S3挂好在拉 拽机构上, 收紧拉拽机构, 放松起重船的吊带使叶片 91不受起重船的拉力, 利 用风机维修吊车 92和平台上的拉拽机构配合把叶片 91送到安装面进行安装;
5.维护塔筒 9时, 运行卷扬机构 2, 按照需要使平台上下平移, 当到达预定 位置,运行塔筒抱紧机构 4, 使平台抱紧在风机塔筒 9上, 然后进行维护, 并且, 可调整液压缸 42的伸出长度, 以调整操作人员与塔筒 9的距离;
6.维护叶片 91时,与维护塔筒 9基本相同, 由于叶片 91锥角,在不同位置, 叶片 91与塔筒 9间的距离不同, 当维护叶片 91时, 运行移动小车 5到合适的 位置, 配合变桨完成叶片 91的维护。
以上说明对本发明而言只是说明性的, 而非限制性的, 本领域普通技术人 员理解, 在不脱离权利要求所限定的精神和范围的情况下, 可作出许多修改、 变化或等效, 但都将落入本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种风电机组多功能平台, 其特征在于, 该多功能平台包括: 平台框架, 其包括具有环形中心孔的基座以及从该基座一侧延伸出去的两 个相互平行的支臂;
卷扬机构, 其是环绕该环形中心孔分布并固定在该基座上的至少三个牵引 装置, 用来实现平台的上下平移;
数个塔筒抱紧机构, 环绕固定在平台框架的环形中心孔的周缘, 该塔筒抱 紧机构均具有伸缩动作机构与抱紧盘, 该伸缩动作机构能够带动所述的抱紧盘 向该环形中心孔的中心方向伸出;
移动小车, 其在该两个支臂上滑移;
两个叶片调整支座, 分别设置在两个支臂的伸出端上;
两组叶片拉拽机构, 其一端分别与一个叶片调整支座相连。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的风电机组多功能平台, 其特征在于: 还包括数个 防碰撞机构, 每个防碰撞机构具有一个带柔软外表面的滚轮, 该滚轮通过一个 水平设置的滚轮轴枢设在一个滚轮座上, 而该防碰撞机构的滚轮座安装在平台 框架的环形中心孔的内周缘上。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的风电机组多功能平台, 其特征在于: 该抱紧盘具 有一个弧面, 弧面上垫有一层橡胶软垫。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的风电机组多功能平台, 其特征在于: 所述的伸缩 动作机构是液压缸、 丝杠螺母或者气动气缸。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的风电机组多功能平台, 其特征在于: 所述的叶片 拉拽机构是手拉葫芦或电动葫芦。
6、 根据权利要求 1所述的风电机组多功能平台, 其特征在于: 所述的牵引 装置是电动卷扬机、 液压动力卷扬机或电动葫芦。
7、 根据权利要求 1所述的风电机组多功能平台, 其特征在于: 该移动小车 的两端分别与该平台框架的两个支臂之间设有一个位移控制机构, 并在该基座 或者该移动小车上设有动力机构, 用来驱动该位移控制机构运转, 以调整该移 动小车的位置。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的风电机组多功能平台, 其特征在于: 该位移控制 机构包括固定在每个支臂两端的两个链轮以及卷绕在该两个链轮之间的链条, 而该移动小车的两端分别与一个支臂上的该链条固定连接, 该动力机构则包括 固定在该基座上的蜗轮蜗杆机构, 该蜗杆的动力源是手动动力、 电机驱动、 气 压驱动或者液压驱动, 该蜗轮的轴杆与其中一个链轮动力连接, 并且两个支臂 上的两套链轮用联轴器相连。
9、 根据权利要求 1所述的风电机组多功能平台, 其特征在于:, 在该平台框 架的外侧固定有行走平台和护栏。
10、 一种叶片拆卸方法, 其特征在于, 包括以下步骤:
( 1 )把平台框架吊到风机塔筒的两侧,并把平台框架的两部分组装到一起, 使塔筒穿过平台框架的环形中心孔;
( 2 )把卷扬机构上的钢丝绳挂在风机机论的吊点上, 运行该卷扬机构, 把 平台平稳地吊到所需的高度;
( 3 )推出塔筒抱紧机构前端的抱紧盘, 使平台与塔筒间产生摩擦力, 有效 防止平台框架的转动;
( 4 )在拆卸叶片之前,首先利用平台框架在叶片的三个位置分别系好吊带, 一号吊带系在叶片的叶根一侧, 二号吊带系在叶片的叶尖一側, 三号吊带与二 号吊带错开一定距离并更靠近叶尖一侧; 然后, 把一号吊带、 二号吊带均挂好 在起重船的吊钩上, 而三号吊带的两端各与一套叶片拉拽机构相连; 再使用风 机维修吊车挂好叶片根部;
( 5 )起重船的吊钩先放松, 而风机维修吊车及两套拉拽机构都处于绷紧状 态, 以保持叶片的稳定;
( 6 )开始拆卸叶片根部螺栓,然后利用风机维修吊车及叶片拉拽机构配合, 使叶片根部离开叶轮, 此时, 多功能平台不动, 起重船的吊钩不使劲;
( 7 )叶片根部离开叶轮后,起重船緩緩拉紧二号吊带, 保持叶片姿态不变, 再使两套叶片拉拽机构与三号吊带分离;
( 8 ) 收回平台框架上的塔筒抱紧机构, 利用卷扬机构把多功能平台降落到 塔筒底部;
( 9 ) 然后利用风机维修吊车与起重船配合, 把叶片緩緩往下放, '当下落到 合适高度后, 通过调整使叶片由纵向变为水平方向, 此时起重船通过一号吊带、 二号吊带吊住叶片, 摘掉维修吊车的吊钩, 利用起重船把叶片横放在运输船上, 至此, 完成叶片的拆卸工作。
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