Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D167/00—Coating compositions based on polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
  • C09D167/08—Polyesters modified with higher fatty oils or their acids, or with natural resins or resin acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
  • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
  • C08F220/10—Esters
  • C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
  • C08F220/16—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms
  • C08F220/18—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
  • C08F220/1808—C8-(meth)acrylate, e.g. isooctyl (meth)acrylate or 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
  • C08K5/05—Alcohols; Metal alcoholates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
  • C08K5/07—Aldehydes; Ketones
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D175/00—Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
  • C09D175/04—Polyurethanes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
  • C09D7/40—Additives
  • C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
  • C09D7/63—Additives non-macromolecular organic
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
  • Y10T428/31591—Next to cellulosic
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
  • Y10T428/31598—Next to silicon-containing [silicone, cement, etc.] layer
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
  • Y10T428/31605—Next to free metal
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31678—Of metal
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31678—Of metal
  • Y10T428/31681—Next to polyester, polyamide or polyimide [e.g., alkyd, glue, or nylon, etc.]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31786—Of polyester [e.g., alkyd, etc.]
  • Y10T428/3179—Next to cellulosic
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31971—Of carbohydrate
  • Y10T428/31989—Of wood
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31971—Of carbohydrate
  • Y10T428/31993—Of paper
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31971—Of carbohydrate
  • Y10T428/31993—Of paper
  • Y10T428/31996—Next to layer of metal salt [e.g., plasterboard, etc.]

Definitions

• This invention relates to a composition comprising a fluoropolymer and its use as an additive to coating compositions such as alkyd paints or polymeric resins, to provide durable surface effects.
• Fluoroalkyl (meth)acrylate copolymers have been used in aqueous emulsions as in textile fabric treatment processes to provide coatings which impart desirable properties such as high levels of water-, alcohol-, and oil repellency to the fabrics.
• Aqueous emulsions of such fluoroalkyl (meth)acrylates copolymers, as disclosed in U.S. Patent 5,344,903 are require an additional heat-cure step after application in order to impart the desired repellency traits to the fibers.
• Fluorinated polymer compositions are used in the preparation of a wide variety of surface treatment materials to provide surface effects to substrates. Many such compositions are fluoriinated acrylate polymers or copolymers which contain predominantly eight or more carbons in the perfluoroalkyi chain to provide the desired properties.
• Nissan, et al., in Macromolecules, 2005, 38, 5699-5705 teach that for perfluoroalkyi chains of greater than 8 carbons, orientation of the perfluoroalkyi groups, designated R f groups, is maintained in a parallel configuration while for such chains having 6 or less carbons, reorientation occurs. This reorientation is recited to decrease surface properties such as contact angle.
• polymers containing shorter perfluoroalkyi chains have traditionally not been commercially successful.
• solvent-based polymer systems particularly for alkyd coating and urethane coating compositions, do not require such a heat- cure step after application.
• alkyd and urethane coatings produced using solvent-based polymer systems have a tendency to be non-uniform and uneven after drying (air-cure), have low oil-contact angles, and poor cleanability ratings.
• Attempts have been made to overcome the problem of lack of evenness/uniformity, and to increase the cleanability and oil- and water-repellency of these types of coatings by the addition of a variety of surfactants and other compounds.
• compositions comprised of solvent-based fluoroalkyl
• (meth)acrylate copolymers with short perfluoroalkyl groups of 6 or less carbons are utilized as coating additives and impart unexpectedly desirable surface effects such as: uniform spreading, increased water and oil contact angles, enhanced cleanability to the coated film and air-cured coated surface.
• the present invention provides a fluoropolymer composition that is useful as a coating additive comprising a fluoropolymer and a solvent, wherein the fluoropolymer comprises repeating units in any sequence of the following:
• R f is a straight or branched perfluoroalkyl group having 2-6 carbon atoms, which is optionally interrupted by at least one oxygen atom, or a mixture thereof of two or more thereof;
• X is an organic divalent linking group having from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, optionally containing a triazole, oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur, or a combination thereof;
• Y is O, S or N(R) wherein R is H or Ci to C 20 alkyl;
• Z is a straight or branched alkyl group having from about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, or halide;
• R 1 is a straight or branched alkyl group having from 12 to 22 carbon atoms
• R 2 is an alkyl group having a chain length of from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, which carbon chain may branched;
• a is a positive integer
• b is zero or a positive integer
• c is a positive integer
• d is zero or a positive integer
• e is zero or a positive integer
• g is a positive integer
• h is zero or a positive integer
• T is H, a straight, branched or cyclic alkyl group having from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, or halide;
• R 3 is H, C n H2n+i , C n H2n-i , C m H2m— CH(O)CH2, [Ch Ch OJiR 4 ,
• n 8 to about 40
• i 1 to about 200
• j is 0 to about 40;
• repeating units I and II [R f — X— Y— C(O)— CZ— CH 2 ] a and [R f — X— Y— C(O)— CH-CH 2 ]b) are present at a minimum combined total of about 30% by weight of the polymer;
• the invention further provides a coating composition comprising the fluoropolymer composition and a method for treating a substrate comprising contacting the substrate with the coating composition.
• the present invention provides a fluoropolymer composition
• a fluoropolymer composition comprising a fluoropolymer and a solvent wherein the fluoropolymer is a fluoroalkyl (meth)acrylate copolymer.
• the fluoropolymer comprises repeating units I - VII as set forth herein, in any sequence.
• fluoropolymer may be a random copolymer, statistical copolymer, block copolymer, multiblock copolymer, gradient copolymer, or alternating copolymer.
• the fluoropolymer comprises repeating units in any sequence of the following:
• R f is a straight or branched perfluoroalkyl group having 2-6 carbon atoms, which is optionally interrupted by at least one oxygen atom, or a mixture thereof of two or more thereof;
• X is an organic divalent linking group having from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, optionally containing a triazole, oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur, or a combination thereof;
• Y is O, S or N(R) wherein R is H or Ci to C 20 alkyl;
• Z is a straight or branched alkyl group having from about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, or halide;
• R 1 is a straight or branched alkyl group having from 12 to 22 carbon atoms
• R 2 is an alkyl group having a chain length of from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, which carbon chain may branched;
• a is a positive integer
• b is zero or a positive integer
• c is a positive integer
• d is zero or a positive integer
• e is zero or a positive integer
• g is a positive integer
• h is zero or a positive integer
• T is H, a straight, branched or cyclic alkyl group having from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, or halide;
• R 3 is H, C n H2n+i , C n H2n-i , C m H2m— CH(O)CH2, [Ch Ch OJiR 4 ,
• n 8 to about 40
• m 1 to about 40
• each R 4 is independently H, CH 2 OH or C j H 2j +i ;
• i 1 to about 200
• j is 0 to about 40;
• the repeating unit I [Rf— X— Y— C(O)— CZ— CH 2 ] a — , is present at a minimum of about 25% by weight of the polymer;
• repeating units I and II [R ⁇ X— Y— C(O)— CZ— CH 2 ] a and [F3 ⁇ 4— X— Y— C(O)— CH-CH 2 ]b) are present at a minimum combined total of about 30% by weight of the polymer;
• R f is a straight or branched perfluoroalkyl group having 2-6 carbon atoms, which is optionally interrupted by at least one oxygen atom, or a mixture of two or more thereof.
• R f is C 6 F 13 — and is a straight or branched alkyl, or a combination thereof.
• the subscripts a, c, and g are each independently a positive integer, preferably from 1 to about 10,000, more preferably from about 5 to about 2000.
• the subscripts b, d, e and h are each independently zero or a positive integer, preferably from 0 to about 10,000, more preferably from about 0 to about 2000.
• suitable linking groups X in units I and II include straight chain, branched chain or cyclic structures of alkylene, arylene, aralkylene, sulfonyl, sulfoxy, sulfonamido, carbonamido, carbonyloxy, urethanylene, ureylene, and combinations of such linking groups such as sulfonamidoalkylene.
• groups Y in units I, II and VII are O, S or N(R) wherein R is H or Ci to C 20 alkyl. Preferably R is H or Ci to C 4 alkyl.
• Z is a straight or branched chain alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms or Z is a halide.
• R 1 is a straight or branched alkyl group having from 12 to 22 carbon atoms.
• R 1 is stearyl (octadecyl), CH 3 (CH 2 )i 7-
• Specific alkyl (meth)acrylate monomers useful to provide units III and IV include include stearyl (meth)acrylate, tridecyl (meth)acrylate, and lauryl (meth)acrylate, wherein stearyl (meth)acrylate is preferred.
• R 2 is an alkyl group having a chain length of from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, which carbon chain may branched.
• R 2 is 2-ethylhexyl, CH 3 (CH 2 )3CH(C 2 H5)CH 2 .
• Specific alkyl (meth)acrylate monomers useful to provide units V and VI include 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth)acrylate and hexyl (meth)acrylate, preferably 2-ethylhexyl
• Nonfluorinated (meth)acrylate monomers suitable for the use in the present invention to provide unit VII include one or more alkyl (meth)acrylates wherein the alkyi group, R 3 , for each alkyi (meth)acrylate is independently a straight or branched chain containing 8 to 40 carbon atoms. Two or more alkyi (meth)acrylates can be used. Preferably the alkyi group in the alkyi (meth)acrylate contains 8 to 20 carbon atoms. The alkyi (meth)acrylate can be linear or branched.
• alkyi (meth)acrylates examples include, but are not limited to, alkyl(meth)acrylates wherein the alkyi group is octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, decyl, isodecyl, lauryl, cetyl, or stearyl.
• Preferred alkyi (meth)acrylates to provide unit VII are 2- ethylhexyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate and stearyl acrylate.
• nonfluorinated (meth)acrylate monomers suitable for the use in the present invention to provide unit VII include one or more of the following: N-methylol (meth)acrylates, hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylates, alkyloxy(meth)acrylates, glycidyl (meth)acrylates, stearyl acrylate, aminoalkyl methacrylate hydrochloride, acrylamide, and alkyi acrylamide.
• N-Methylol monomers include, but are not limited to N-methylolacrylamide and N-methylolmethacrylamide.
• Suitable hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylates have alkyi chain lengths of 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and include 2- hydroxyethyl acrylate and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate.
• Suitable alkyloxy(meth)acrylates have alkyi chain lengths of 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and contain between 1 and 12 oxyalkylene units per molecule, preferably between 4 and 10 oxyalkylene units per molecule, and most preferably between 6 and 8 oxyalkylene units per molecule.
• Suitable optional monomers for use in the preparation of the fluoropolymer described herein include vinyl acetate, vinyl stearate, alkyi vinyl sulfone, styrene, vinyl benzoic acid, alkyi vinyl ether, maleic anhydride, vinyl chloride, and olefins.
• the fluoropolymers in the present invention are prepared by polymerization of the fluorinated and nonfluorinated (meth)acrylate monomers.
• the polymerization process comprises contacting the fluorinated and non-fluorinated (meth)acrylate monomers as defined hereinabove in an organic solvent in the presence of a free radical initiator and optionally other monomers in an inert atmosphere.
• the monomers can be mixed in a suitable reaction vessel equipped with an agitation device.
• a heating source and a cooling source are provided as necessary.
• the fluorinated and nonfluorinated monomers are combined with the solvent to provide a reaction mixture and the reaction mixture is heated to an appropriate temperature, e.g. 70°C. Temperatures in the range of 20-90°C may be suitable, depending, for example, on the choice of organic solvent and the choice of free radical initiator.
• the free radical initiator is typically added after the reaction mixture has reached the appropriate temperature.
• Suitable free radical initiators include organic peroxides and azo compounds.
• organic peroxides are benzoyl peroxide, i-butyl peroxide, acetyl peroxide, and lauryl peroxide.
• particularly useful azo compounds include 2,2'-azobis(2- amidinopropane dihydrochloride, 2,2'-azobis(isobutyramidine)
• Azo initiators are commercially available from E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, DE, under the name of "VAZO".
• the free radical initiator is generally added over a period of time after the reaction monomers have dissolved in the solvent and/or after the reaction mixture is at the desired temperature.
• the radical initiator is added in an effective amount.
• an "effective amount" of a radical initiator is meant an amount sufficient to initiate the reaction between the monomers and preferably to sustain the reaction for a sufficient period of time to maximize yield of the polymer product.
• An effective amount of initiator will vary with the exact composition and reaction conditions used. An effective amount of initiator for a given set of conditions is easily determined experimentally by one skilled in the art.
• the process to prepare the fluoropolymer may further comprise adding a polymerization regulator (also referred to as a chain transfer agent) to the reaction mixture.
• the polymerization regulator may be incorporated into the fluoropolymer.
• a polymerization regulator may be added for the purpose of limiting the molecular weight of the
• suitable polymerization regulators include acetic acid, acetone, n-butyl alcohol, chloroform, di-n-butyl disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, carbon tetrabromide, triethylamine, n-butyl mercaptan, dodecylmercaptan.
• the polymerization regulator is dodecylmercaptan.
• fluoropolymer examples include methyl isobutyl ketone, butyl acetate,
• the product of the polymerization process is a fluoropolymer in an organic solvent, more particularly a fluorinated (meth)acrylate copolymer comprising repeating units in any sequence of the following:
• R f is a straight or branched perfluoroalkyl group having 2-6 carbon atoms, which is optionally interrupted by at least one oxygen atom, or a mixture of two or more thereof;
• X is an organic divalent linking group having from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, optionally containing a triazole, oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur, or a combination thereof;
• Y is O, S or N(R) wherein R is H or Ci to C 2 o alkyl
• Z is a straight or branched alkyl group having from about 1 to about
• R 1 is a straight or branched alkyl group having from 12 to 22 carbon atoms
• R 2 is an alkyl group having a chain length of from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, which carbon chain may branched;
• a is a positive integer
• b is zero or a positive integer
• c is a positive integer
• d is zero or a positive integer
• e is zero or a positive integer
• g is a positive integer
• h is zero or a positive integer
• T is H, a straight, branched or cyclic alkyl group having from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, or halide;
• R 3 IS H, C n H2n+1 , C n H2n-1 , C m H2m— CH(O)CH2, [Ch Ch OJiR 4 ,
• n 8 to about 40
• m 1 to about 40
• each R 4 is independently H, CH 2 OH or C j H 2j +i ;
• i 1 to about 200
• j is 0 to about 40; provided that
• the repeating unit I [Rf— X— Y— C(O)— CZ— CH 2 ] a — , is present at a minimum of about 25% by weight of the polymer;
• repeating units I and II [R ⁇ X— Y— C(O)— CZ— CH 2 ] a and [F3 ⁇ 4— X— Y— C(O)— CH-CH 2 ]b) are present at a minimum combined total of about 30% by weight of the polymer;
• the fluoropolymer composition produced as described above may be used directly in a coating composition or added solvent (the
• application solvent may be added to achieve a desirable solids content, recovered, e.g., by filtering and distilling off the solvent.
• the application solvent is typically a solvent selected from the group consisting of alcohols and ketones.
• the fluoropolymer composition is useful as a coating additive, wherein the fluoropolymer composition can be added to a coating base, which is applied to a substrate.
• the present invention provides a coating composition comprising a fluoropolymer, an organic solvent and a coating base, optionally further comprising one or more of an application solvent, wherein the fluoropolymer comprises repeating units in any sequence of the following:
• R f is a straight or branched perfluoroalkyl group having 2-6 carbon atoms, which is optionally interrupted by at least one oxygen atom, or a mixture of two or more thereof;
• X is an organic divalent linking group having from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, optionally containing a triazole, oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur, or a combination thereof;
• Y is O, S or N(R) wherein R is H or Ci to C 2 o alkyl
• Z is a straight or branched alkyl group having from about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, or halide;
• R 1 is a straight or branched alkyl group having from 12 to 22 carbon atoms
• R 2 is an alkyl group having a chain length of from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, which carbon chain may branched;
• a is a positive integer
• b is zero or a positive integer
• c is a positive integer
• d is zero or a positive integer
• e is zero or a positive integer
• g is a positive integer
• h is zero or a positive integer
• T is H, a straight, branched or cyclic alkyl group having from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, or halide;
• R 3 is H, C n H2n+i, C n H2n-i, C m H2m— CH(O)CH2, [Ch Ch OJiR 4 ,
• each R 4 is independently H, CH 2 OH or CjH 2 j+i ;
• i 1 to about 200
• j is 0 to about 40;
• the repeating unit I [Rf— X— Y— C(O)— CZ— CH 2 ] a — , is present at a minimum of about 25% by weight of the polymer;
• repeating units I and II [R ⁇ X— Y— C(O)— CZ— CH 2 ] a and [F3 ⁇ 4— X— Y— C(O)— CH-CH 2 ]b) are present at a minimum combined total of about 30% by weight of the polymer;
• coating base is a composition, typically a solvent-based paint that is applied to a substrate for the purpose of creating a lasting film on the substrate surface.
• the coating base may be selected from the group consisting of an alkyd coating, a Type I urethane coating, and an unsaturated polyester coating. These coating bases include paints, stains, and similar coatings.
• the coating compositions of the present invention are useful for providing a protective and/or decorative coating to a wide variety of substrates.
• substrates include primarily construction materials and hard surfaces.
• the substrate is preferably selected from the group consisting of wood, metal, wallboard, masonry, concrete, fiberboard, and paper. Other materials may also be used as the substrate.
• the present invention further provides a method for treating a substrate comprising contacting the substrate with a coating composition comprising a fluoropolymer composition, which comprises a fluoropolymer and an organic solvent, and a coating base wherein the fluoropolymer, organic solvent and coating base are described hereinabove and wherein the method comprises contacting the substrate with the coating
• the method of this invention imparts improved oil repellency, water repellency, cleanability to the substrate.
• Any method of contacting a coating composition with a substrate can be used. Such methods are well known to a person skilled in the art, such as by brush, spray, roller, doctor blade, wipe, dip, foam, liquid injection, immersion or casting.
• alkyd coating as used herein is meant a liquid coating based on alkyd resins, typically a paint, clear coating, or stain.
• the alkyd resins are complex branched and cross-linked polyesters containing unsaturated aliphatic acid residues.
• Alkyd coatings use, as the binder or film-forming component, a curing or drying alkyd resin.
• Alkyd resins contain unsaturated aliphatic acid residues derived from drying oils.
• urethane coating a liquid coating based on Type I urethane resins, typically a paint, clear coating, or stain.
• Urethane coatings typically contain the reaction product of a polyisocyanate, usually toluene diisocyanate, and a polyhydric alcohol ester of drying oil acids. Urethane coatings are classified by ASTM D-1 into five categories.
• Type I urethane coatings contain a pre-reacted autoxidizable binder. These are also known as uralkyds, urethane- modified alkyds, oil-modified urethanes, urethane oils, or urethane alkyds.
• Type I urethane coatings are the largest volume category of polyurethane coatings and include paints, clear coatings, or stains.
• the cured coating for a Type I urethane coating is formed by air oxidation and polymerization of the unsaturated drying oil residue in the binder.
• unsaturated polyester coating as used hereinafter is meant a liquid coating based on unsaturated polyester resins, dissolved in monomers and containing initiators and catalysts as needed, typically as a paint, clear coating, or gel coat formulation.
• Unsaturated polyester resins contain as the unsaturated prepolymer, the product obtained from the condensation polymerization of a glycol such as 1 ,2-propylene glycol or 1 ,3-butylene glycol with an unsaturated acid such as maleic acid in the acid or anhydride form or a saturated acid such as phthalic acid in the acid or anhydride form.
• the unsaturated prepolymer is a linear polymer containing unsaturation in the chain.
• the film is produced by copolymerization of the linear polymer and monomer by means of a free radical mechanism.
• the free radicals can be generated by heat, or more usually by addition of a peroxide, such as benzoyl peroxide, separately packaged and added before use.
• a peroxide such as benzoyl peroxide
• Such coating compositions are frequently termed "gel coat" finishes.
• the decomposition of peroxides into free radicals is catalyzed by certain metal ions, usually cobalt.
• the solutions of peroxide and cobalt compound are added separately to the mix and well stirred before application.
• the unsaturated polyester resins that cure by a free radical mechanism are also suited to irradiation curing using, for instance, ultraviolet light. This form of cure, in which no heat is produced, is particularly suited to films on wood or board.
• Other radiation sources, for instance electron-beam curing, may also be used.
• the present invention further provides a coated substrate wherein the substrate comprises a dried coating produced from the coating composition of the invention.
• dried coating as used herein is meant the final decorative and/or protective film obtained after the coating composition has dried, set or cured.
• Such a final film can be achieved by, for example, air curing, polymerizing, or energy curing.
• the fluoropolymer composition as described herein is effectively introduced to the coating base by thoroughly contacting, e.g., by mixing the fluoropolymer composition with the coating base.
• the contacting of fluoropolymer and coating base can be performed, for example and conveniently, at ambient temperature. More elaborate contacting or mixing methods can be employed such as using a mechanical shaker or providing heat. Such methods are generally not necessary and generally do not substantially improve the final coating composition.
• the fluoropolymer composition of the invention is generally added at about 0.001 weight % to about 1 weight % on a dry weight basis of the fluoropolymer to the weight of the wet paint.
• the fluoropolymer compositions of this invention have been used as coating additives and applied to substrates to provide superior surface effects such as desirably uniform spreading of the coating composition comprising the fluoropolymer, cleanability of the coated substrate, and increased contact angle of the coated substrate.
• the uniform spread characteristics reduce the amount of fluoropolymer needed to coat the treated substrate surface with a very thin coating film.
• the fluoropolymer as described herein which contains short perfluoroalkyi chains, has a relatively low molecular weight, that is, a weight-average molar mass (Mw) of between 3,000 and 100,000, in contrast to the molar mass of copolymers derived from longer perfluoroalkyl chains which provide cleanability effects. Therefore, the amount by weight percent of the fluoropolymer of this invention that is needed for desired effects is less than the amount needed for similar effects provided by fluoropolymers having longer perfluoroalkyl chains, when both are used as the coating additives. Since perfluoroalkyl materials are expensive, reducing the fluorine content can reduce the cost. Reduction of the fluorine content with delivery of the same or higher performance is therefore achieved in the present invention.
• Mw weight-average molar mass
• composition of the present invention is particularly suitable for use as additives to exterior coating and paints.
• a Rame-Hart optical bench (available from Rame-Hart Inc., 43 Bloomfield Ave., Mountain Lakes, NJ) is used to hold the substrate in the horizontal position.
• the contact angle is measured at a prescribed temperature with a telescoping goniometer from the same manufacturer.
• a drop of test liquid is placed on a surface and the tangent is precisely determined at the point of contact between the drop and the surface.
• An advancing angle is determined by increasing the size of the drop of liquid and a receding angle is determined by decreasing the size of the drop of liquid.
• the data are presented typically as advancing and receding contact angles.
• test method described herein is a modification of ASTM
• Staining media were prepared using VASELINE NURSERY petroleum jelly (Marietta Corporation, Cortland, NY) and Leneta Carbon Black Dispersion in Mineral Oil (ST-1 ) (The Leneta Company, Mahwah, NJ).
• the petroleum jelly was melted in a clean glass container for 30 minutes in an oven set at 70 ° C.
• the petroleum jelly was mixed with 5% of its weight of Leneta Carbon Black.
• 95 g of petroleum jelly was mixed with 5 g of Leneta Carbon Black to produce 100 g of staining media.
• the mixed staining media was cooled for several hours in a refrigerator at 4°C.
• Dishwashing liquid was mixed with deionized water at a ratio of 1 g of dishwashing liquid for every 99 g of water.
• a staining template was prepared from a MYLAR Leneta card by cutting out a 3" by 1 " (7.6 cm by 2.5 cm) strip from the interior of the card. The template was placed over a coated drawdown card to be stained. Staining media was spread over the drawdown card and the template using a spatula so that none of the drawdown card remained visible. Excess stain was removed with a spatula. Stained cards were allowed to set and dry for 60 minutes.
• scrap MYLAR was used to gently scrape the excess dried stain from the stained section of the card, both the washed and unwashed sections.
• a v-folded clean paper towel was used to remove unset stain from the entire card, both the washed and unwashed sections.
• the card was then securely attached to a BYK- Gardner Abrasion tester (BYK-Gardner, Silver Spring, MD) or other method.
• a piece of cheesecloth VWR International, San Diego, CA
• the cheesecloth was folded and attached so that the contacting surface was 8 layers thick. 10 mL of cleaning solution prepared as specified above was applied to the contacting surface of the cheesecloth.
• the abrasion tester was run through 5 cycles (10 wipes) over a stained section of the drawdown card that is henceforth designated as stained and cleaned. Excess cleaning solution was rinsed away with deionized water for a few seconds and then allowed to dry for 2 hours or until completely dry by visible inspection. One section of each stained drawdown card was cleaned in this manner.
• Cleanability was determined by evaluating the stained and washed painted portion of the drawdown card in comparison to both the unstained and painted portion of the card and the stained and unwashed painted portion of the card.
• a HunterLab ULTRASCAN Pro colorimeter (Hunter Associates Laboratory, Inc, Reston, VA) was used to take three different measurements for each designated painted portion of the drawdown card: stained and washed, unstained, and stained and unwashed. The measurements were averaged to obtain a mean value for that section that is used to evaluate the cleanability rating for that card as described below.
• the colorimeter was set to read the L * function and the aperture was no larger than 3 ⁇ 4 of an inch (1 .9 cm).
• MIBK 4-methyl-2-pentanone
• VAZO 67 2,2'-azobis(2- methylbutyronitrile)
• MIBK 2,2'-azobis(2- methylbutyronitrile)
• Example 1 The product of Example 1 (Additive A) was dosed into a
• Example 1 The product of Example 1 (Additive A) was dosed into a
• Example 1 The product of Example 1 (Additive A) was dosed into a
• the surfaces coated with the fluoropolymer and coating compositions of the invention illustrated significantly improved oil contact angle for both high gloss, satin and semi-gloss alkyd paints at very low use rate (0.025% to 0.05%).
• compositions of the invention have improved cleanability against oily stains which simulates organic soil and dirty finger prints.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Paints Or Removers (AREA)
• Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
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