WO2011135922A1 - 近接場光源2次元アレイとその製造方法、2次元アレイ型表面プラズモン共振器、太陽電池、光センサー及びバイオセンサー - Google Patents
近接場光源2次元アレイとその製造方法、2次元アレイ型表面プラズモン共振器、太陽電池、光センサー及びバイオセンサー Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y20/00—Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals
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- G02B5/008—Surface plasmon devices
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
- G02B6/1226—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths involving surface plasmon interaction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0216—Coatings
- H01L31/02161—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/02167—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
- H01L31/02168—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells the coatings being antireflective or having enhancing optical properties for the solar cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H01L31/0543—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the refractive type, e.g. lenses
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y15/00—Nanotechnology for interacting, sensing or actuating, e.g. quantum dots as markers in protein assays or molecular motors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a near-field light source two-dimensional array and a manufacturing method thereof, a two-dimensional array type surface plasmon resonator, a solar cell, an optical sensor, and a biosensor.
- Near-field light sources can only be realized in nanoscale in principle. However, application to photochemical reaction reactors, optical devices, high-sensitivity sensors, etc. can be expected by making a large number of near-field light sources into a two-dimensional array.
- This structure also functions as a local plasmon resonator. Near-field light generated by resonating with light around the resonance frequency returns to propagating light again. Local plasmon resonators can be expected to be applied to photochemical reaction reactors, solar cells, high-sensitivity optical sensors, and high-sensitivity biosensors.
- the metal nanoparticles having a particle diameter of 1 to 100 nm can generate localized light having a size corresponding to the radius (hereinafter referred to as near-field light). Therefore, a metal nanoparticle array structure having metal nanoarrays arranged two-dimensionally on a substrate with the interval between metal nanoparticles set to 1 to 10 nm is a large electric field or very bright in the gap between the metal nanoparticles.
- Near-field light can be generated. At this time, normal light propagates in the air, whereas near-field light propagates along the surface of a scatterer such as a metal nanoparticle.
- metal nanoparticle array structures To apply metal nanoparticle array structures to optical waveguides, photochemical reaction reactors, optical devices, and high-sensitivity sensors, use metal nanoparticle array structures with uniform metal nanoparticle size, shape, and spacing. Therefore, controlling the size, shape, and spacing of the metal nanoparticles is the technical key.
- Non-Patent Documents 1 to 3 nanosphere lithography
- electron beam lithography Non-Patent Document 4
- the lithographic apparatus is expensive and produces a large-scale structure. Is a difficult point.
- Non-Patent Documents 5 to 8 the Langmuller method
- Non-Patent Documents 9 to 10 the Langmuir-Blodgett method
- Non-Patent Document 11 the dip coating method
- Patent Document 1 the Langmuller method
- Patent Document 13 an electrophoresis method
- Patent Document 12 a solvent evaporation method
- these methods do not have a strong immobilization means such as a chemical bond between the metal nanoparticle array structure and the fixed substrate, there is a problem that the metal nanoparticle array structure is easily detached from the fixed substrate. is there.
- Non-Patent Documents 14 to 15 thiol bonds
- CN bonds Non-Patent Document 16
- coordinate bonds Non-Patent Documents 17 to 18
- the coverage is the ratio of the area occupied by the light scattering particle arrangement within a specific area.
- FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram showing a gold nanoblock body two-dimensional array structure formed by a lithography technique.
- the gold nanoblock body two-dimensional array structure is configured by arranging a gold block structure of 100 nm ⁇ 100 nm in a two-dimensional array with a gap distance of 5 nm or less. It has been demonstrated that near-field light is enhanced only in the polarization direction of the light source by irradiating polarized light from an external light source to cause the gold block to appear (near-field light two-dimensional array). Patent Document 19).
- the gold nanoblock two-dimensional array structure is a near-field light two-dimensional array in which the near-field light is enhanced only in the polarization direction of the light source, it cannot obtain in-plane uniform near-field light, Also, its strength is not sufficient.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and is firmly fixed to a substrate and has a large area (area of 300 ⁇ m ⁇ 300 ⁇ m or more) near-field light two-dimensional array and its inexpensive. It is an object to provide a manufacturing method.
- the near-field light two-dimensional array of the present invention comprises a conductive member, an immobilization layer formed on one surface of the conductive member, and a plurality of light scattering particles disposed on one surface of the immobilization layer, A near-field light two-dimensional array capable of in-plane light emission by near-field light from each light-scattering particle, wherein the light-scattering particle has a particle size of 1 to 100 nm or less, and each light-scattering particle has a lattice shape and The light scattering particles are arranged at equal intervals, the interval between adjacent light scattering particles is set to be equal to or smaller than the particle size, and the localized surface plasmons of each light scattering particle can be resonated by external light.
- the near-field light two-dimensional array of the present invention is characterized in that the thickness of the immobilization layer is 10 nm or less.
- the near-field light two-dimensional array of the present invention is characterized in that the interval between the light scattering particles is 1 to 10 nm.
- the two-dimensional near-field light array according to the present invention is characterized in that the light scattering particles are joined to each other by a modifying portion provided on the surface thereof.
- the near-field light two-dimensional array of the present invention is characterized in that the light scattering particles are metal nanoparticles.
- the near-field light two-dimensional array of the present invention is characterized in that the metal nanoparticles are made of gold.
- the near-field light two-dimensional array of the present invention is characterized in that the modification part is an organic molecule having a thiol group, and the thiol group is bonded to the metal nanoparticle.
- the near-field light two-dimensional array of the present invention is characterized in that the organic molecule of the modifying part has an alkyl chain having 6 to 20 carbons.
- the immobilization layer is made of an organic molecule having at least two thiol groups, and at least one thiol group is disposed on one side and the other side of the immobilization layer, respectively.
- the thiol group on the other side is bonded to the conductive member.
- the near-field light two-dimensional array of the present invention is characterized in that the organic molecules of the immobilization layer have an alkyl chain having 6 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the near-field light two-dimensional array of the present invention is characterized in that the conductive member is made of gold. *
- the near-field light two-dimensional array of the present invention is characterized in that an external light source is arranged so that external light is condensed on each light scattering particle.
- the reaction liquid is filled in a liquid tank and two electrode parts are immersed in the reaction liquid.
- the light scattering particles are applied to the two electrode portions by applying a voltage from the first step of disposing the liquid tank so as to face each other and a power supply portion connected to the two electrode portions via wiring.
- the method for producing a near-field light two-dimensional array of the present invention is characterized in that the moving speed of the position of the liquid surface of the reaction liquid with respect to the electrode portion is 0.02 mm / s or less.
- the near-field light two-dimensional array manufacturing method of the present invention uses a volatile solvent as the solvent in the first step, and volatilizes the volatile solvent in the second step when a voltage is applied.
- the volatile solvent is water, alcohols, ketones, esters, halogenated solvents, aliphatic hydrocarbons, or aromatic hydrocarbons, or theirs. It is characterized by being any of the mixtures.
- the method for producing a near-field light two-dimensional array of the present invention is characterized in that the volatile solvent contains an inorganic salt, an organic salt, or both.
- a two-dimensional array type surface plasmon resonator according to the present invention comprises the near-field light two-dimensional array.
- the solar cell of the present invention includes the two-dimensional array type surface plasmon resonator.
- the optical sensor of the present invention includes the two-dimensional array type surface plasmon resonator.
- the biosensor of the present invention includes the two-dimensional array type surface plasmon resonator.
- the near-field light two-dimensional array of the present invention comprises a conductive member, an immobilization layer formed on one surface of the conductive member, and a plurality of light scattering particles disposed on one surface of the immobilization layer, A near-field light two-dimensional array capable of in-plane light emission by near-field light from each light-scattering particle, wherein the light-scattering particle has a particle size of 1 to 100 nm or less, and each light-scattering particle has a lattice shape and Since the arrangement is such that the distance between adjacent light scattering particles is equal to or smaller than the particle size, and the localized surface plasmons of each light scattering particle can be resonated by external light.
- a near-field light two-dimensional array in which the intensity of near-field light is enhanced by scattering particles being firmly bonded via an immobilization layer and allowing localized surface plasmons of each light-scattering particle to be resonated by external light. Can be provided.
- the reaction liquid is filled in a liquid tank and two electrode parts are immersed in the reaction liquid.
- the light scattering particles are applied to the two electrode portions by applying a voltage from the first step of disposing the liquid tank so as to face each other and a power supply portion connected to the two electrode portions via wiring.
- FIG.1 (a) is a perspective view
- FIG.1 (b) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view.
- the near-field light generation region from the light scattering particles is also shown conceptually.
- the near-field light generation region from the light scattering particles is also shown conceptually.
- 4A is an enlarged view of the light scattering particle arrangement
- FIG. 4A is an enlarged view of a portion E in FIG. 2, and FIG.
- 4B is a cross-sectional view taken along line F-F ′ in FIG.
- the near-field light generation region from the light scattering particles is also conceptually shown. It is the enlarged view which showed an example of the light-scattering particle arrangement
- 2 is a SEM image of the light scattering particle array of Example 1.
- FIG. 3 is a SEM image of the light scattering particle array of Example 2.
- 4 is an SEM image of the light scattering particle array of Example 3.
- 3 is a small angle scattering spectrum of the light scattering particle array of Examples 1 to 3.
- 3 is an extinction spectrum of the light scattering particle array of Examples 1 to 3.
- FIG. 7 is a small angle scattering spectrum of metal nanoparticle array structures of Examples 5 to 7.
- FIG. 7 is an extinction spectrum of metal nanoparticle array structures of Examples 5 to 7. It is an extinction spectrum of the metal nanoparticle arrangement structure of Example 6, Example 8, and Example 9. It is a figure which shows the photochemical reaction of HFDE. It is a NMR spectrum of a HFDE ring-opened body, a ring-closed body, and a reaction product.
- FIG. 2 is an absorption spectrum of HFDE and an extinction spectrum of a gold nanoparticle array. It is a block diagram of the solar cell and optical sensor of Example 11 and Example 12. It is a characteristic of the solar cell of Example 11. It is the current-voltage characteristic of the optical sensor of Example 12. 14 is a sensitivity characteristic of the photosensor of Example 12. It is a block diagram of the biosensor of Example 13. It is a figure which shows a prior art example, Comprising: It is a top view of a gold nanoblock body two-dimensional arrangement structure.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a two-dimensional near-field light two-dimensional array according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 (a) is a perspective view and
- FIG. 1 (b) is a longitudinal sectional view. is there.
- the near-field light two-dimensional array 50 includes a conductive member 6, a fixed layer 2 fixed by chemical bonding to one surface 6 a of the conductive member 6, and a fixed structure.
- the light scattering particle array 3 is fixed to the one surface 2a of the layer 2 by a chemical bond.
- the light scattering particle array 3 is formed by arranging light scattering particles 4 having a particle size of 1 to 100 nm or less so as to have a gap distance equal to or less than the particle size and at equal intervals.
- the conductive member 6 is formed on one surface 51 a of the substrate 51.
- a conductive substrate made of a metal material such as gold can be used.
- a conductive film 6 may be formed by forming a thin film such as gold.
- an insulating substrate such as a sapphire substrate, a quartz substrate, or a glass substrate as the substrate 51. This is because these substrates have high flatness, so that the conductive member 6 can be formed flat and with high coverage.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged plan view showing an example of the light scattering particle array 3.
- the near-field light NF from the light scattering particles 4 is also shown conceptually.
- the light scattering particle array 3 includes light scattering particles 4 regularly arranged in a two-dimensional manner.
- the light scattering particles 4 are arranged with the same regularity on the entire surface of the immobilization layer 2. Since the near-field light NF is regularly formed around each light scattering particle 4, the near-field light is generated uniformly over the entire surface of the immobilization layer 2.
- near-field light NF is generated on the surface of the light scattering particle 4 by irradiating the light scattering particle 4 having a size of 1 to 100 nm with light having an appropriate wavelength distribution. Thereby, the near-field light NF is uniformly generated from the light scattering particle array 3 over the entire surface of the immobilization layer 2. It is known that the size of the near-field light NF is about the diameter of the light scattering particles.
- the magnitude of the near-field light NF is a range from the surface of the light scattering particle 4 until the near-field light reaches.
- the light scattering particle array 3 is not limited to such an ideal array.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged view showing another example of the light scattering particle array 3.
- the domain part 8 which is the area
- the light scattering particles 4 are firmly bonded to the immobilization layer 2, and the area not covered by the light scattering particles 4 between the domain portions 8 is reduced so that the coverage is as follows. Can be high.
- the size of the domain portion 8 may be a first proximity region consisting only of the nearest light scattering particle 4 or a second proximity region including up to the second closest light scattering particle 4. It may be a third proximity region including up to the third closest light scattering particle 4.
- FIG. 4 is a further enlarged view of the light scattering particle array 3.
- FIG. 4 (a) is an enlarged view of a portion E in FIG. 2, and
- FIG. 4 (b) is an FF ′ line in FIG. FIG.
- the light scattering particles 4 having a particle size Fm are connected to each other by intermolecular interaction via the modifying portion 5.
- the distance (gap distance) Gm between the light scattering particles 4 and the distance (inter-particle distance) Lm between the centers O of the adjacent light scattering particles 4 are made substantially constant, and the light scattering particles 4 are firmly fixed. Can be joined.
- the thickness (fixed layer thickness) Gs of the fixed layer and the distance (distance between particle substrates) Ls from the center O of the light scattering particle 4 to the one surface 6a of the conductive member 6 are also substantially constant.
- Metal nanoparticles are preferable, and gold nanoparticles are more preferable. This is because gold is easy to obtain particles having a uniform shape and a uniform particle diameter, and the modified portion 5 such as an organic molecule having a thiol group or the like is easily bonded to the gold by a chemical bond.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the light scattering particle 4 may be a material having metallic properties, or at least a particle whose surface is covered with a light scattering material such as metal.
- the inside of the particle may be a cavity or an insulator.
- the particle size Fm of the light scattering particles 4 is preferably 1 to 100 nm, more preferably 1 to 50 nm. Thereby, the regularity of the light-scattering particle
- the gap distance Gm of the light scattering particles 4 is preferably not more than the particle size Fm, preferably 1 to 10 nm, and more preferably 1 to 5 nm. Thereby, the light scattering particles 4 can be firmly bonded to each other. In addition, the intensity of near-field light can be enhanced.
- Each light scattering particle 4 generates localized surface plasmons on its surface by external light.
- the localized surface plasmon resonates with a photoelectric field of external light and emits near-field light in a localized surface plasmon resonance state.
- each light scattering particle 4 forms near-field light NF isotropically around.
- the spread of the near-field light NF is about the particle size Fm.
- the near-field light NF has a high light intensity on the light scattering particle 4 side, and gradually decreases as the distance from the light scattering particle 4 increases.
- a region NFO2 in which the near-field light from the two light scattering particles 4 is overlapped is formed between the adjacent light scattering particles 4. Is done.
- a region NFO 3 in which the near-field light from the three light scattering particles 4 overlaps is formed.
- a strong electric field enhancement field is generated between the adjacent light scattering particles 4, and not only the intensity of the near-field light is enhanced in the region NFO2 and the region NFO3, but also the electric field is enhanced.
- the localized surface plasmon resonance frequency is red-shifted by electromagnetic interaction between the light scattering particles 4. That is, the localized surface plasmon resonance frequency can be controlled by changing the size of the light scattering particle 4 and the size of the gap distance Gm between the light scattering particles 4.
- the localized surface plasmon resonance frequency can be controlled.
- an organic molecule having a thiol group such as alkanethiol can be used as the modification part 5. This is because when gold nanoparticles or the like are used as the light scattering particles 4, they can be firmly bonded to the surface and the gap distance Gm between the light scattering particles 4 can be kept substantially constant.
- an organic molecule having two or more thiol groups such as alkanediol can be used as the immobilization layer 2.
- the organic molecules can be arranged so that the surface of the organic molecules can be firmly bonded by chemical bonding and the molecular axis direction of the organic molecules is perpendicular to one surface of the immobilization layer 2. This is because the fixed layer thickness Gs can be kept substantially constant with the length of the organic molecules as the fixed layer thickness Gs.
- the immobilization layer thickness Gs is preferably 1 to 10 nm, and more preferably 1 to 5 nm. Local surface plasmon resonance is also generated between the light scattering particle 4 and the conductive member 6 in the conductive member 6, and the intensity of the near-field light from each light scattering particle 4 can be further enhanced. This effect can be enhanced by setting the fixed layer thickness Gs to 10 nm or less.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the light scattering particle array 3, and is an enlarged view showing the light scattering particle array 3 shown in FIG. 4 more specifically.
- Au is used as the light scattering particles 4
- alkanethiol is used as the modification portion 5
- alkanediol (not shown) is used as the immobilization layer 2.
- a substrate 51 made of an insulating substrate is disposed on the other surface side of the conductive member 6.
- the gap distance Gm between the metal nanoparticles 4 and the distance Ls between the particle substrates can be controlled.
- FIG. 6 is a process diagram showing an example of a method for manufacturing a near-field light two-dimensional array according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the manufacturing method of the near-field light two-dimensional array is as follows. After the light scattering particles are dispersed in a solvent to adjust the reaction liquid, the reaction liquid is filled in the liquid tank, and then the two electrode parts are completely immersed in the reaction liquid. The light scattering particles are applied by applying a voltage to the two electrode portions from the first step of disposing the liquid tank so as to face each other and a power supply portion connected to the two electrode portions via wiring. And a second step of forming a light scattering particle array in which the light scattering particles are two-dimensionally arranged on one surface of the electrode part by moving the electric field of the reaction liquid.
- FIG. 6A is a process cross-sectional view at the end of the first process. After the light scattering particles 4 such as metal nanoparticles are dispersed in the solvent 21 and the reaction liquid 22 is prepared, the reaction liquid 22 is liquidized. It is a figure which shows the time of having arrange
- FIG. 6A is a process cross-sectional view at the end of the first process.
- a volatile solvent is used as the solvent 21.
- the light scattering particles 4 are previously covered with a modifying portion 5 made of an organic molecule.
- the conductive member 6 on which the immobilization layer 2 is formed is used.
- a conductive substrate is used as the conductive member 6, and the immobilization layer 2 is disposed toward the other electrode portion 26.
- the liquid surface 22 a of the reaction liquid 22 is set at a position where the two electrode portions 25 and 26 are completely immersed in the reaction liquid 22.
- the volatile solvent 21 is preferably water, alcohols, ketones, esters, halogenated solvents, aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, or a mixture thereof. Thereby, the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters in the formation of the tissue structure of the light scattering particles 4 can be controlled.
- the volatile solvent 21 preferably contains an inorganic salt, an organic salt, or both. Thereby, the force received from the electric field in the electrophoresis of the light scattering particles 4 can be controlled.
- the second step is a step of volatilizing the solvent 21 of the reaction solution 22 while applying a voltage from the power supply 28 to the two electrode portions 25 and 26 via the wiring 27 and causing a direct current to flow through the reaction solution 22.
- a direct current is passed through the reaction liquid 22
- the light scattering particles 4 in the reaction liquid 22 are charged, so electric field movement starts and gathers at one of the electrode portions.
- the light-scattering particles 4 that are negatively charged are used, the light-scattering particles 4 are collected on the anode electrode having the opposite positive potential. Therefore, if one electrode part 25 is used as the anode electrode, the light scattering particles 4 gather on the one electrode part 25.
- whether the conductive member 6 for forming the light scattering particle array is an anode electrode or a cathode electrode is determined by the charging potential of the light scattering particles 4.
- the light scattering particles 4 have ion energy consisting of electric field ⁇ movement distance ⁇ charge valence. Due to this ion energy, the light scattering particles 4 are chemisorbed onto the conductive member 6 across the energy barrier. Without this ion energy, chemical adsorption cannot be performed across the energy barrier, and physical adsorption remains.
- FIG. 6B is a process cross-sectional view in the middle of the second process.
- the volatile solvent 21 volatilizes from the hole 24 c of the lid 24 during application of voltage, and lowers the liquid level 22 a of the reaction liquid 22. Thereby, the part by the side of the cover part 24 of the electrically-conductive member 6 is exposed from the liquid level 22a.
- the concentration of the light scattering particles 4 reaches saturation, and is in a supersaturated state. Nucleation of a two-dimensional array of light scattering particles 4 occurs at As the liquid level 22a decreases, the position of the gas-liquid interface 29 also decreases. Thereby, the nucleation of the two-dimensional arrangement of the light scattering particles 4 gradually proceeds from the lid 24 side.
- the coverage of the light scattering particle array 3 can be brought to a state close to 100%. .
- the light scattering particle array 3 can be formed with a high coverage on the fixed layer 2 on the exposed conductive member 6.
- the volatilization rate of the volatile solvent can be controlled by adjusting the hydrodynamic resistance (viscosity ⁇ length / opening diameter) determined by the opening diameter and length of the hole 24c and the viscosity of the vapor of the volatile solvent. it can. Thereby, the moving speed of the liquid level 22a can be controlled.
- the chemical adsorption of the light scattering particles 4 on the immobilization layer 2 occurs simultaneously with the nucleation of the two-dimensional array of light scattering particles 4. If the ion energy is not too high, there will be sufficient time to meet the energetically stable physical position required for nucleation before chemisorption, and both chemisorption and two-dimensional arrangement are compatible. can do.
- FIG. 6C is a process cross-sectional view at the end of the second process.
- the conductive member 6 comes out completely above the liquid surface 22 a, and the light scattering particle array 3 is formed on the immobilization layer 2 on the conductive member 6.
- a light scattering particle array 3 in which the coverage is high and the light scattering particles 4 are firmly bonded to the immobilization layer 2 is formed.
- the nanoparticle array 3 on the immobilization layer 2 on the conductive member 6 may be annealed at 40 to 70 ° C. after the second step is completed. Thereby, the chemical bond between the light scattering particles 4 and the immobilization layer 2 can be further strengthened. Then, the light scattering particles 4 that are not chemically bonded to the conductive member 6 can be removed by washing the surface of the conductive member 6 with running water or ultrasonic cleaning in an appropriate solvent. By using this method, a two-dimensional near-field light two-dimensional array having a large area (more than 300 ⁇ m ⁇ 300 ⁇ m) can be easily and inexpensively manufactured.
- the near-field light two-dimensional array 50 includes a conductive member 6, a fixed layer 2 formed on one surface 6 a of the conductive member 6, and a plurality of layers arranged on the one surface 2 a of the fixed layer 2.
- a near-field light two-dimensional array having light scattering particles 4 and capable of in-plane light emission by near-field light from each light scattering particle 4, wherein the light scattering particles 4 have a particle size of 1 to 100 nm or less
- the light scattering particles 4 are arranged in a lattice and at equal intervals, and the interval between the adjacent light scattering particles 4 is equal to or smaller than the particle diameter, and the localized surface plasmon of each light scattering particle 4 is caused by external light.
- the conductive member 6 and the light scattering particles 4 are firmly joined via the immobilization layer 2, and the localized surface plasmon of each light scattering particle 4 can be resonated by external light.
- This increases the intensity of near-field light in the region NFO2 and the region NFO3. It is possible to provide a near-field optical two-dimensional arrays. Further, a two-dimensional near-field light two-dimensional array having a large area (an area larger than 300 ⁇ m ⁇ 300 ⁇ m) can be provided.
- the near-field light two-dimensional array 50 has a configuration in which the thickness of the immobilization layer 2 is 10 nm or less, the light scattering particles 4 and the conductive member 6 are also disposed within the conductive member 6. Localized surface plasmon resonance can be generated, and the intensity of the near-field light from each light scattering particle 4 can be further enhanced to provide a near-field light two-dimensional array.
- the near-field light two-dimensional array 50 has a configuration in which the distance between the light scattering particles 4 is 1 to 10 nm, the localization of each light scattering particle 4 that can resonate with external light.
- the surface plasmon it is possible to provide a near-field light two-dimensional array in which the intensity of the near-field light is enhanced in the region NFO2 and the region NFO3.
- the near-field light two-dimensional array 50 has a configuration in which the light scattering particles 4 are bonded to each other by the modifying portion provided on the surface thereof, the light scattering particles 4 are firmly bonded to each other.
- a near-field light two-dimensional array in which the intensity of near-field light is enhanced in the region NFO2 and the region NFO3 can be provided.
- the near-field light two-dimensional array 50 has a configuration in which the light scattering particles 4 are metal nanoparticles.
- the gap distance Gm of the light scattering particles 4 can be made equal to form a light scattering particle array with a high coverage, and the conductive member 6 and the light scattering particles 4 are firmly bonded via the immobilization layer 2. Since the localized surface plasmon of the light scattering particles 4 can be resonated by external light, a near-field light two-dimensional array in which the intensity of the near-field light is enhanced can be provided.
- the near-field light two-dimensional array 50 has a configuration in which the metal nanoparticles are made of gold, the conductive member 6 and the light-scattering particles 4 are chemically bonded to, for example, a gold thiol bond via the immobilization layer 2. Since the localized surface plasmon of each light scattering particle 4 can be resonated by external light, it is possible to provide a near-field light two-dimensional array in which the intensity of the near-field light is enhanced.
- the modification unit 5 is an organic molecule having a thiol group, and the thiol group is bonded to the metal nanoparticles. It is possible to provide a two-dimensional near-field light array in which regularity is highly arranged and near-field light intensity is increased. Also, when a gold nanoparticle is used as a metal nanoparticle, a near-field light two-dimensional array firmly fixed to the conductive member 6 using a gold thiol bond that is a strong chemical bond as a chemical bond is provided. Can do.
- the near-field light two-dimensional array 50 has a configuration in which the organic molecules of the modifier 5 have an alkyl chain having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, the controllability of the gap distance Gm is improved. In addition, it is possible to provide a near-field light two-dimensional array in which the coupling between the light scattering particles is enhanced.
- the immobilization layer 2 is made of an organic molecule having at least two thiol groups, and at least one thiol is provided on each of the one surface side and the other surface side of the immobilization layer 2. Since the group is arranged and the thiol group on the other surface side is bonded to the conductive member 6, it is possible to provide a near-field light two-dimensional array in which the immobilization layer 2 is firmly fixed to the conductive member 6. it can.
- the near-field light two-dimensional array 50 has a configuration in which the organic molecules of the immobilization layer 2 have an alkyl chain having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, dynamic behavior like liquid crystal Rather, it is possible to provide a two-dimensional near-field light array that is stably immobilized as on a solid surface. Further, it is possible to provide a two-dimensional near-field light array in which the fixing layer thickness Gs and the particle substrate distance Ls are made uniform and the fixing layer 2 is firmly fixed to the conductive member 6.
- the near-field light two-dimensional array 50 has a configuration in which the conductive member 6 is made of gold, it is possible to provide a near-field light two-dimensional array with improved regularity in a two-dimensional plane.
- a gold thiol bond that is a strong chemical bond can be used as the chemical bond.
- the near-field light two-dimensional array 50 has a configuration in which an external light source is arranged so that external light is condensed on each light scattering particle 4, a localized surface plasmon of each light scattering particle 4 is used. It is possible to provide a near-field light two-dimensional array that more efficiently resonates the light.
- the reaction liquid 22 is filled in the liquid tank 23 and the two electrodes From the first step in which the parts 25 and 26 are disposed opposite to each other in the liquid tank 23 so as to be immersed in the reaction liquid 22, and from the power supply part 28 connected to the two electrode parts 25 and 26 via the wiring 27, two
- the light scattering particles 4 are moved in the electric field, and the position of the liquid surface 22 a of the reaction liquid 22 with respect to the electrode portions 25 is moved so that the light scattering particles 4 are transferred to the electrode portions 25.
- the manufacturing method of the near-field light two-dimensional array according to the embodiment of the present invention is configured such that the moving speed of the position of the liquid surface 22a of the reaction liquid 22 with respect to the electrode portion 25 is 0.02 mm / s or less.
- a fixed and large-area near-field light two-dimensional array can be easily and inexpensively manufactured.
- the manufacturing method of the near-field light two-dimensional array which is the embodiment of the present invention uses a volatile solvent as the solvent 21 in the first step, and volatilizes the volatile solvent in applying the voltage in the second step. Therefore, it is possible to manufacture a large-area two-dimensional near-field light two-dimensional array easily and inexpensively.
- the volatile solvent is water, alcohols, ketones, esters, halogenated solvents, aliphatic hydrocarbons, or aromatic hydrocarbons, Or since it is the structure which is either of those mixtures, it is firmly fixed to a board
- the near-field light two-dimensional array manufacturing method has a structure in which the volatile solvent includes an inorganic salt, an organic salt, or both, so that the near-field light having a large area is firmly fixed to the substrate.
- a two-dimensional array can be manufactured easily and inexpensively.
- the near-field light source two-dimensional array and the manufacturing method thereof according to the embodiment of the present invention are not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be implemented with various modifications within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention. . Specific examples of this embodiment are shown in the following examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.
- Example 1 ⁇ Near-field light two-dimensional array manufacturing process> First, gold nanoparticles having a particle size Fm of about 9 nm were previously modified with hexanethiol molecules (HEX).
- HEX hexanethiol molecules
- gold nanoparticles modified with HEX were dispersed in a volatile solvent composed of n-hexane at a concentration of 5.7 ⁇ 10 13 / ml to prepare a reaction solution. Further, one surface of a glass substrate (substrate size 15 mm ⁇ 15 mm) provided with a gold thin film was modified with 1,6-hexanedithiol to form an immobilization layer.
- reaction solution was filled in the liquid tank of the near-field light two-dimensional array manufacturing apparatus.
- an anode electrode made of a carbon electrode and a cathode electrode made of a glass substrate on which an immobilization layer and a gold thin film (conductive member) were formed were immersed in the reaction solution.
- the anode electrode and the cathode electrode were arranged so that the electrode surfaces face each other, and the distance between the electrode surfaces was 1.2 mm.
- the glass substrate was such that the immobilization layer was on the counter electrode side.
- the power supply was controlled, and a voltage of 1 V was applied between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode.
- the opening speed of the hole of the lid was adjusted, and the moving speed for lowering the liquid level of the reaction solution was 4 mm / hour at room temperature and normal pressure (1 atm, 25 ° C.).
- the cathode electrode was taken out when the electrode was completely exposed from the reaction solution. It was visually confirmed that gold nanoparticle arrays were formed on the fixed layer of the cathode electrode.
- the cathode electrode on which the gold nanoparticle array was formed was annealed at 40-60 ° C.
- the surface of the cathode electrode on which the gold nanoparticle array was formed was washed with running water, and further ultrasonically washed in a hexane solvent.
- Example 2 A near-field light two-dimensional array was formed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that dodecanethiol (DOD) was used instead of HEX.
- Example 3 A near-field light two-dimensional array was formed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that hexadecanthiol (HEXD) was used instead of HEX.
- Example 4 A near-field light two-dimensional array was formed in the same manner as in Example 2 except that metal nanoparticles having a particle size Fm of 29 to 30 nm were used.
- Example 5 The same as Example 1 except that a transparent conductive metal oxide ITO substrate (InTiO) was used instead of providing a conductive thin film made of gold (hereinafter referred to as a gold thin film) on a glass substrate (substrate size 15 mm ⁇ 15 mm). Thus, a near-field light two-dimensional array was formed.
- the ITO substrate used is an EL specification manufactured by Geomatic Co., Ltd., and the conductivity is 10 ⁇ / ⁇ .
- Example 6 A near-field light two-dimensional array was formed in the same manner as in Example 5 except that dodecanethiol (DOD) was used instead of the hexanethiol molecule.
- Example 7 A near-field light two-dimensional array was formed in the same manner as in Example 5 except that hexadecanethiol (HEXD) was used instead of the hexanethiol molecule.
- a gold thin film made of gold (hereinafter referred to as a gold thin film) on a glass substrate (substrate size 15 mm ⁇ 15 mm)
- the surface of the gold thin film is modified with 1,6-hexanedithiol to form an immobilization layer. Formed.
- a near-field light two-dimensional array was formed by a known Langmuir method on a glass substrate immobilization layer on which an immobilization layer and a gold thin film were formed.
- Example 8 A near-field light two-dimensional array was formed in the same manner as in Example 5 except that metal nanoparticles having a particle size Fm of 29 to 30 nm were used.
- Example 9 A near-field light two-dimensional array was formed in the same manner as in Example 5 except that metal nanoparticles having a particle diameter Fm of 49 to 50 nm were used.
- FIG. 7 is an SEM image of the light scattering particle array of the near-field light two-dimensional array of Example 1.
- the gold nanoparticles had a particle size Fm of 9 nm, an interparticle distance Lm of 10.6 nm, and an intergranular distance Gm of 1.6 nm.
- FIG. 8 is an SEM image of the light scattering particle array of the near-field light two-dimensional array of Example 2.
- the gold nanoparticles had a particle size Fm of 9 nm, an interparticle distance Lm of 11.4 nm, and an intergranular distance Gm of 2.4 nm.
- the coverage of the metal nanoparticle array using gold nanoparticles was 90% or more. This coverage was achieved over almost the entire area of the substrate size 15 mm ⁇ 15 mm.
- FIG. 9 is an SEM image of the light scattering particle array of the near-field light two-dimensional array of Example 3.
- the gold nanoparticles had a particle size Fm of 9 nm, an interparticle distance Lm of 11.9 nm, and an intergranular distance Gm of 2.9 nm. All of them had a hexagonal close-packed structure at the closest point.
- FIG. 13 is an SEM image of the light scattering particle array of the near-field light two-dimensional array of Example 7.
- the gold nanoparticles had a particle size Fm of 9.0 nm, an interparticle distance Lm of 11.9 nm, and an intergranular distance Gm of 2.9 nm. The coverage was 92%.
- the inter-particle distance Lm is better measured by small angle scattering than by SEM observation.
- FIG. 10 shows the measurement results of the small angle scattering spectrum of the light scattering particle array of the near-field light two-dimensional array of Examples 1 to 3. From the measurement results shown in FIG. 10, when HEX, DOD, and HEXD were used, the inter-particle distances Lm were 10.8 nm, 11.0 nm, and 11.8 nm, respectively. This result showed that the interparticle distance Lm increased as the alkane molecule length increased.
- FIG. 14 shows the measurement results of the small angle scattering spectrum of the light scattering particle array of the near-field light two-dimensional array of Examples 5 to 7.
- FIG. 15 shows the measurement results of the small-angle scattering spectrum of the light scattering particle array of the near-field light two-dimensional array of Example 6, Example 8, and Example 9. From the results of FIG. 14, it was found that when HEX, DOD, and HEXD were used, the interparticle distances Lm were 9.8 nm, 10.7 nm, and 11.0 nm, respectively. These results indicate that the interparticle distance increases as the length of the alkane molecule increases.
- interparticle distance Gm of the gold nanoparticles can be controlled by the selection of the modifying molecule, and in particular, demonstrates that the carbon number of the alkanethiol molecule is proportional to the interparticle distance Gm.
- FIG. 15 shows the measurement results of the small angle scattering spectrum of the light scattering particle array of the near-field light two-dimensional array of Example 6, Example 8, and Example 9. From the results of FIG. 15, it was found that the interparticle distances were 10.7 nm, 31.4 nm, and 50.6 nm for the particle diameters Fm of 10 nm, 30 nm, and 50 nm, respectively.
- FIG. 11 is an extinction spectrum of the light-scattering particle array of the near-field light two-dimensional array of Examples 1 to 3
- FIG. 12 is a light-scattering particle array of the near-field light two-dimensional array of Examples 2 and 4. Is the extinction spectrum.
- FIG. 14 is an extinction spectrum of the near-field light two-dimensional array of Examples 5 to 7.
- the extinction spectrum peak indicates the frequency of local plasmon resonance of light scattering particles (gold nanoparticles) constituting the light scattering particle array.
- the extinction spectrum peak (local plasmon resonance frequency) is changed from 630 nm to 599 nm when the modifying molecule is changed to HEX, DOD, and HEXD. Changed (blue shift). This indicated that the size of the modifying molecule can be changed to control the frequency of local plasmon resonance.
- the extinction spectrum peak (local plasmon resonance frequency) increases from 615 nm to 582 nm when the modifying molecule is changed to HEX, DOD, and HEXD. Changed (blue shift). This indicates that the frequency of the local plasmon resonance can be controlled even on the ITO substrate by changing the size of the modifying molecule.
- the extinction spectrum peak (local plasmon resonance frequency) is 592 nm even on the ITO substrate. From 850 nm to 850 nm (red shift).
- the desired local plasmon resonance frequency can be determined by appropriately setting the gap distance Gm between the gold nanoparticle particles and the particle size Fm of the gold nanoparticle. These dependencies are also suggested in Non-Patent Document 20, and can be easily implemented by this example. ⁇ Measurement of mechanical strength (chemical bond strength)> In addition, the mechanical strength between the gold nanoparticles and the conductive member (gold thin film on the glass substrate) due to the chemical bond to the conductive substrate is determined by ultrasonic cleaning (24.8 kHz, 5 minutes) in a hexane solvent. I confirmed.
- the measurement result of mechanical strength shows that the light scattering particle array is chemically bonded to the conductive member through the immobilization layer, and has the effect of resistance to maintaining the mechanical strength even by ultrasonic cleaning in a solvent. Proven to have.
- This mechanical strength is technically useful for light scattering particle arrays that are exposed to the flow of reaction solution in the microreactor channel when a near-field light two-dimensional array is provided in the microreactor channel for photochemical reaction. It is an important point.
- a microreactor installed in a near-field light two-dimensional array channel using 30 nm gold nanoparticles modified with dodecanethiol was prepared.
- a transparent substrate made of PDMS polydimethylsiloxane
- a recess for microchannel having a size of width 1 mm ⁇ height 50 ⁇ m ⁇ length 5 mm is formed on one surface of the transparent substrate by imprinting, and the other surface of the transparent substrate is connected to the microchannel 2 Two holes were made.
- hexafluorodiarylethene was used as the photochemical reaction material.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing the photochemical reaction of hexafluorodiarylethene.
- closed hexafluorodiarylethene (hereinafter referred to as “close-HFDE”) usually undergoes a photochemical reaction when irradiated with visible light of 400 to 700 nm to form an open hexafluorodiarylethene (hereinafter referred to as “open-HFDE”). ). Moreover, open-HFDE usually undergoes a photochemical reaction when irradiated with ultraviolet light of 400 nm or less, and changes to close-HFDE.
- suction was performed with a syringe pump.
- the flow rate was about 0.06 mL / min.
- FIG. 19 shows an NMR spectrum
- FIG. 19 (a) is an NMR spectrum of open-HFDE
- FIG. 19 (b) is an NMR spectrum of a reaction product (close-HFDE) in a solution before light irradiation
- FIG. 19 (c) is an NMR spectrum of the product in the solution after light irradiation.
- FIG. 20 is an absorption spectrum of hexafluorodiarylethene (HFDE)
- FIG. 20 (a) is an absorption spectrum of close-HFDE
- FIG. 20 (b) is an absorption spectrum of open-HFDE
- FIG. (C) is an absorption spectrum (quenching spectrum) of a self-assembled array of gold nanoparticles having a particle size of 30 nm (hereinafter, 30 Dod-SAM)
- FIG. 20 (d) is a near field when two-photon excitation occurs. It is a spectrum of light (hereinafter, TPA with 30 Dod-SAM).
- the wavelength range (740 to 1050 nm) of the light irradiated to 30 Dod-SAM is indicated by 1L.
- the wavelength range of near-field light (380 to 530 nm) 2L when two-photon excitation occurs by light irradiation in the wavelength range of 1L is shown.
- an ITO film is formed as 6 conductive layers.
- the two hexanedithiol layers were laminated by 10 nm sputter deposition, and 50 10 near-field light two-dimensional arrays were formed using 4 10 nm gold nanoparticles chemically modified with dodecanethiol by the above-described method. Because the near-field light generation region exceeds 10 nm because the distance between the 50-field two-dimensional array and the solar cell layer is more than 10 nm, the 50-field two-dimensional array is a two-dimensional array type surface.
- a two-dimensional array type surface plasmon resonator using 4-10 nm gold nanoparticles chemically modified with dodecanethiol has a resonance frequency in the vicinity of 600 nm and contributes to the improvement of the absorption efficiency of the solar cell.
- FIG. 22 shows the characteristics of the solar cell shown in FIG. 21 together with a case without a two-dimensional array type surface plasmon resonator as a reference.
- the light used commercial white LED as pseudo light instead of sunlight.
- What is indicated as photocurrent indicates current-voltage characteristics when irradiated with light
- what is indicated as dark current indicates current-voltage characteristics when not irradiated with light.
- the current value when no voltage is applied is called a short-circuit current often used in evaluating the performance of solar cells.
- the value obtained by subtracting the dark current is a solar cell with a two-dimensional array type surface plasmon resonator.
- Near-field light generated in the two-dimensional array of near-field light once again returns to propagating light and is absorbed by the photosensor layer.
- a two-dimensional array type surface plasmon resonator using 4-10 nm gold nanoparticles chemically modified with dodecanethiol has a resonance frequency in the vicinity of 600 nm, and contributes to improvement in absorption efficiency of the optical sensor.
- the photocurrent value is large at a reverse bias of 0.4 V or less as compared with the case where the two-dimensional array type surface plasmon resonator is not provided.
- FIG. 24 shows the specific amplification factor with and without the two-dimensional array type surface plasmon resonator.
- FIG. 25 shows the structure of a biosensor using a plasmon resonator. Except that the antigen AM is added to the light scattering particles, there is no difference from the near-field light two-dimensional array except that shown in FIG. As shown in Patent Document 4, it is easy to add an antigen to a gold nanoparticle that becomes a light scattering particle, and the reaction with an antibody in the same document causes a peak intensity of plasmon resonance or a shift in wavelength.
- the modifying molecules 5 on the light scattering particles 4 are dense between the light scattering particles 4, but are slightly sparse otherwise. Therefore, there remains a space where the antigen AM can be bound. Further, since the density of the light scattering particles in the near-field light two-dimensional array is higher than that in Patent Document 4, a biosensor with higher sensitivity than that of Patent Document 4 can be configured.
- AM can select molecules containing DNA sequences, and can be used as a biosensor for detecting DNA having a specific sequence.
- the near-field light two-dimensional array of the present invention can be used as a large-area near-field light two-dimensional array firmly fixed on a substrate by chemical bonding or the like, and is used efficiently for photochemical reaction in a microreactor. It can be used in the synthesis industry using microreactors that synthesize chemical products.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の近接場光2次元アレイは、前記光散乱粒子が金属ナノ粒子であることを特徴とする。
以下、添付図面を参照しながら、本発明の第1の実施形態である近接場光2次元アレイを説明する。
表面プラズモン共鳴周波数をレッドシフトさせると、局在表面プラズモン共鳴周波数を制御できる。
(本発明の第2の実施形態)
以下、本発明の第2の実施形態である近接場光2次元アレイの製造方法を説明する。
<近接場光2次元アレイ製造プロセス>
まず、粒径Fmが約9nmの金ナノ粒子を予めヘキサンチオール分子(HEX)によって修飾した。
(実施例2)
HEXの代わりに、ドデカンチオール(DOD)を用いた他は実施例1と同様にして、近接場光2次元アレイを形成した。
(実施例3)
HEXの代わりに、ヘキサデカンチオール(HEXD)を用いた他は実施例1と同様にして、近接場光2次元アレイを形成した。
(実施例4)
粒径Fmが29~30nmの金属ナノ粒子を用いた他は実施例2と同様にして、近接場光2次元アレイを形成した。
(実施例5)
ガラス基板(基板の大きさ15mm×15mm)上に金からなる導電性薄膜(以下、金薄膜)を設ける代わりに透明導電性金属酸化物のITO基板(InTiO)用いた他は実施例1と同様にして、近接場光2次元アレイを形成した。用いたITO基板はジオマテック社製のEL仕様のもので、導電性は10Ω/□である。
(実施例6)
ヘキサンチオール分子の代わりに、ドデカンチオール(DOD)を用いた他は実施例5と同様にして、近接場光2次元アレイを形成した。
(実施例7)
ヘキサンチオール分子の代わりに、ヘキサデカンチオール(HEXD)を用いた他は実施例5と同様にして、近接場光2次元アレイを形成した。
(比較例1)
ガラス基板(基板の大きさ15mm×15mm)上に金からなる導電性薄膜(以下、金薄膜)を形成した後、金薄膜の表面を1,6-ヘキサンジチオールによって修飾して、固定化層を形成した。
(実施例8)
粒径Fmが29~30nmの金属ナノ粒子を用いた他は実施例5と同様にして、近接場光2次元アレイを形成した。
(実施例9)
粒径Fmが49~50nmの金属ナノ粒子を用いた他は実施例5と同様にして、近接場光2次元アレイを形成した。
<SEM観察>
実施例1~3、実施例7の近接場光2次元アレイについてSEM観察を行った。
<小角散乱スペクトルの測定>
次に、小角散乱スペクトルの測定を行った。粒子間距離LmはSEM観察より小角散乱による測定の方の精度が良い。
図14の結果より、HEX、DOD、HEXDを用いた場合、粒子間距離Lmはそれぞれ、9.8nm、10.7nm、11.0nmであることが分かった。これらの結果は、アルカン分子の長さが長くなるに従い、粒子間距離が長くなることを示している。
<消光スペクトルの測定>
次に、実施例1~4、実施例5~9の近接場光2次元アレイについて消光スペクトルの測定を行った。図11は、実施例1~3の近接場光2次元アレイの光散乱粒子配列の消光スペクトルであり、図12は、実施例2と実施例4の近接場光2次元アレイの光散乱粒子配列の消光スペクトルである。図14は、実施例5~7の近接場光2次元アレイの消光スペクトルである。図15は、実施例6、実施例8、実施例9の近接場光2次元アレイの光散乱粒子配列の消光スペクトルである。ここで、消光スペクトルピークは、光散乱粒子配列を構成する光散乱粒子(金ナノ粒子)の局所プラズモン共鳴の周波数を示す。
<機械的強度(化学結合強度)の測定>
また、導電性基板への化学結合による、金ナノ粒子と導電部材(ガラス基板上の金薄膜)との間の機械的強度を、ヘキサン溶媒中の超音波洗浄(24.8kHz、5分)により確かめた。
<近接場光2次元アレイを用いた光化学反応の効果>
(実施例10)
近接場光2次元アレイを用いて、光化学反応の確認を行った。
これにより、近接場光2次元アレイによる光化学反応が効率的に行われたことを実証した。
<太陽電池>
(実施例11)
本発明を太陽電池に応用した実施例について述べる。図21に示す様に、p型シリコン基板(比抵抗0.015-0.017Ωcm)上にn型シリコン(p型と同程度のドーピング量)が積層した太陽電池構造上に、6の導電層としてITO膜を10nmスパッター蒸着により積層、更に2のヘキサンジチオール層を積層し、上述の手法によりドデカンチオールにより化学修飾した4の10nmの金ナノ粒子を使って、50の近接場光2次元アレイを形成した。50の近接場光2次元アレイと太陽電池層との間10nm以上離れているため、近接場光の光発生領域10nmを越えているため、50の近接場光2次元アレイは2次元アレイ型表面プラズモン共振器と機能している。つまり、近接場光2次元アレイで発生した近接場光は、もう一度伝搬光に戻り、太陽電池層へ吸収されている。ドデカンチオールにより化学修飾した4の10nmの金ナノ粒子を用いた2次元アレイ型表面プラズモン共振器は600nm近傍に共振周波数を持ち、太陽電池の吸収効率向上に寄与する。
<光センサー>
(実施例12)
図21と同じ構造のデバイス構造で光センサーに対する効果を調べた。50の近接場光2次元アレイと光センサー層であるpn接合との間10nm以上離れているため、近接場光の光発生領域10nmを越えている事になり、50の近接場光2次元アレイは2次元アレイ型表面プラズモン共振器と機能している。近接場光2次元アレイで発生した近接場光は、もう一度伝搬光に戻り、光センサー層へ吸収されている。ドデカンチオールにより化学修飾した4の10nmの金ナノ粒子を用いた2次元アレイ型表面プラズモン共振器は600nm近傍に共振周波数を持ち、光センサーの吸収効率向上に寄与する。図23に示すように、2次元アレイ型表面プラズモン共振器を持たない場合に比べて0.4V以下の逆バイアスでは光電流値が大きい結果となっている。2次元アレイ型表面プラズモン共振器の有無の比増幅率を示したものが図24である。0.4V以下の逆バイアスでは1-2倍の比光電流増幅率、0.4V以上の逆バイアスではほぼ1の比光電流増幅率となっており、光センサーが高感度化している事が分かる。
<バイオセンサー>
(実施例13)
図25にプラズモン共鳴器を利用するバイオセンサーの構造を示す。抗原AMが、光散乱粒子であるに付加されていること以外には、図5に示した以外は、近接場光2次元アレイと違いは無い。特許文献4に示されている様に、光散乱粒子となる金ナノ粒子には抗原を付加するのは容易であり、同じ文献に抗体との反応が、プラズモン共鳴のピーク強度あるいは、波長のずれにより高感度に検出できる事が示されている。光散乱粒子4上の修飾分子5は、光散乱粒子4の間では密であるが、それ以外ではやや疎である。従って、抗原AMが結合できる空間が残っている。また、特許文献4に比べて、近接場光2次元アレイ中の光散乱粒子密度は密なために、特許文献4よりも高感度なバイオセンサーが構成できる。なおAMは蛋白質などで構成される抗原以外にも、DNA配列を含む分子などが選択でき、特定の配列を持つDNAを検出するためのバイオセンサーとしても利用できる。
Claims (21)
- 導電部材と、前記導電部材の一面に形成された固定化層と、前記固定化層の一面に配置された複数の光散乱粒子と、を有し、各光散乱粒子からの近接場光により面内発光可能な近接場光2次元アレイであって、
前記光散乱粒子は、粒径が1~100nm以下であり、
各光散乱粒子は格子状にかつ等間隔で配列され、隣接する光散乱粒子同士の間隔が前記粒径以下とされており、
各光散乱粒子の局在表面プラズモンが外部光により共鳴可能とされていることを特徴とする近接場光2次元アレイ。 - 前記固定化層の層厚が10nm以下とされていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の近接場光2次元アレイ。
- 前記光散乱粒子同士の間隔が1~10nmとされていることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の近接場光2次元アレイ。
- 前記光散乱粒子が、その表面に備えられた修飾部により互いに接合されてなることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の近接場光2次元アレイ。
- 前記光散乱粒子が金属ナノ粒子であることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の近接場光2次元アレイ。
- 前記金属ナノ粒子が金からなることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の近接場光2次元アレイ。
- 前記修飾部がチオール基を有する有機分子であり、前記チオール基が前記金属ナノ粒子に接合されていることを特徴とする請求項4~6のいずれか1項に記載の近接場光2次元アレイ。
- 前記修飾部の有機分子が6以上20以下の炭素を備えたアルキル鎖を有していることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の近接場光2次元アレイ。
- 前記固定化層が少なくとも2つのチオール基を有する有機分子からなり、前記固定化層の一面側と他面側にそれぞれ少なくとも1つのチオール基が配置されており、前記他面側のチオール基が前記導電部材に接合されていることを特徴とする請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の近接場光2次元アレイ。
- 前記固定化層の有機分子が6以上20以下の炭素を備えたアルキル鎖を有していることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の近接場光2次元アレイ。
- 前記導電部材が金からなることを特徴とする請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の近接場光2次元アレイ。
- 各光散乱粒子に外部光が集光するように外部光源が配置されていることを特徴とする請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の近接場光2次元アレイ。
- 光散乱粒子を溶媒に分散して反応液を調整した後、前記反応液を液槽に満たし、2つの電極部を前記反応液に浸漬させるように前記液槽の内部に対向配置させる第1工程と、
前記2つの電極部に配線を介して接続した電源部から、前記2つの電極部に電圧を印加することにより前記光散乱粒子を電界移動させるとともに、前記電極部に対する前記反応液の液面の位置を移動させて、前記電極部に前記光散乱粒子が2次元状に配列されてなる光散乱粒子配列を形成する第2工程と、を含むことを特徴とする近接場光2次元アレイの製造方法。 - 前記電極部に対する前記反応液の液面の位置の移動速度が0.02mm/s以下であることを特徴とする請求項13に記載の近接場光2次元アレイの製造方法。
- 第1工程で、前記溶媒として揮発性溶媒を用いるとともに、
第2工程で、電圧の印加の際に前記揮発性溶媒を揮発させることを特徴とする請求項13又は請求項14に記載の近接場光2次元アレイの製造方法。 - 前記揮発性溶媒が水、アルコール類、ケトン類、エステル類、ハロゲン系溶媒、脂肪族炭化水素類、または芳香族炭化水素類、あるいはそれらの混合物のいずれかであることを特徴とする請求項15に記載の近接場光2次元アレイの製造方法。
- 前記揮発性溶媒が、無機塩、有機塩、あるいはその両方を含むことを特徴とする請求項15又は16に記載の近接場光2次元アレイの製造方法。
- 請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の近接場光2次元アレイを備えることを特徴とする2次元アレイ型表面プラズモン共振器。
- 請求項18に記載の2次元アレイ型表面プラズモン共振器を備えることを特徴とする太陽電池。
- 請求項18に記載の2次元アレイ型表面プラズモン共振器を備えることを特徴とする光センサー。
- 請求項18に記載の2次元アレイ型表面プラズモン共振器を備えることを特徴とするバイオセンサー。
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