WO2011128990A1

WO2011128990A1 - Dry distillation apparatus

Info

Publication number: WO2011128990A1
Application number: PCT/JP2010/056674
Authority: WO
Inventors: 清治道前
Original assignee: Michimae Kiyoharu
Priority date: 2010-04-14
Filing date: 2010-04-14
Publication date: 2011-10-20
Also published as: JPWO2011128990A1

Abstract

Provided is a dry distillation apparatus having a high recovery efficiency of tar and pitch, and an excellent energy saving property, wherein a straight cylinder-type furnace is used; inert gas generated in a molten layer on the lower side is used to form a dry distillation layer on the upper side; and an infusible substance can be discharged from the bottom of the furnace during an operation. The dry distillation apparatus is provided with a gasification furnace and a tar and pitch recovery device for recovering tar and pitch from gas generated in the gasification furnace, said gasification furnace having an inlet port for an object to be treated, seal dampers for hermetically dispensing the object to be treated toward the lower side by a predetermined amount, and an inclined floor portion inclined so that the molten substance discharge-side portion is lower than the other portion, said inlet port being provided on the upper portion of the gasification furnace, said inclined floor portion being provided on the lower portion of the gasification furnace. In the gasification furnace, hot air is introduced to the inclined floor portion through an air introduction port provided in the vicinity of the bottom portion, so that at least a molten layer and a dry distillation layer are formed upward in this order on the inclined floor portion. The tar and pitch recovery device separates gas generated from the gasification furnace into tar and pitch, water, and gas.

Description

Dry distillation equipment

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a carbonization apparatus for carbonizing various organic wastes and objects to be processed such as peat, and particularly, when carbonizing using an inert gas containing a large amount of CO ₂ generated in a molten layer. It is effective for improving the stability of operation, and relates to a carbonization apparatus having high energy efficiency by devising a method for treating tar and pitch.

A technique for melting and reducing industrial waste, sludge and the like by burning while supplying oxygen-enriched air is known (Patent Document 1).
In addition, a technique of using a gas recovered from a dry distillation gas of organic waste and an oily product as a dry distillation heat source is also known (Patent Document 2).
However, the melt-solidifying device disclosed in Patent Document 1 is one that uses oxygen-enriched air to perform high-temperature combustion in a burner, and the melting process involves much energy consumption.
On the other hand, the method for treating organic waste by dry distillation disclosed in Patent Document 2 is to deodorize and purify the dry distillation gas at 600 to 800 ° C., which also consumes a large amount of energy.
In addition, the carbonization apparatus disclosed in the publication needs to be bound with a binding material having good thermal conductivity, or steam must be injected.

JP 2008-202803 A JP 2010-36164 A

The present invention uses a straight tube type furnace, uses an inert gas generated in the lower molten layer to form a dry distillation layer in the upper part, and allows discharge of unmelted material from the hearth while operating. An object of the present invention is to provide a carbonization apparatus with high energy recovery efficiency and excellent energy saving.

The carbonization apparatus according to the present invention has an inlet for processing objects at the top, a seal damper for dropping the processing objects in a sealed manner at a predetermined amount by a predetermined amount, and an inclination so that the melt discharge side is lowered at the bottom. A gasification furnace having a straight cylinder structure having an inclined floor portion, and a tar / pitch recovery device for recovering tar and pitch from gas generated from the gasification furnace, wherein the gasification furnace is provided with an air blowing port provided near the bottom At least a molten layer and a dry distillation layer are formed in order from the inclined floor portion upward by blowing warm air from the inclined floor portion, and the tar / pitch recovery device converts the gas generated from the gasifier into the tar / pitch content and moisture. It is characterized by being separated into gas components.

The object to be treated by the carbonization treatment of the present invention is called not only organic industrial waste, but also composite material waste and peat including metal wires such as old tires. Peat and the like, and is characterized in that it can be stably operated according to the type of the object to be treated.
In the present invention, the seal damper means a member in which outside air does not enter at least the dry distillation layer or the molten layer when the workpiece is put into the furnace.
In addition, a straight tube structure gasification furnace is one in which the furnace wall is almost vertical so that a dry distillation layer, a dry layer, and an untreated layer are sequentially stacked on the molten layer formed in the hearth. The horizontal cross-sectional shape of the furnace is not limited, either round or square.

A CO ₂ system containing a large amount of CO ₂ when part of the object to be burned is combusted when air is blown from the air inlet after the object is ignited by a conventional ignition burner near the hearth of the gasifier Gas (inert gas) is generated.
Here, the CO ₂ gas temperature is usually about 800 to 900 ° C. by simply blowing air.
On the other hand, when hot air of 200 to 500 ° C. is blown, the CO ₂ gas becomes a high temperature of 900 to 1000 ° C.
Further, when the molten layer becomes high temperature, the carbonization reaction proceeds efficiently even if a relatively low calorie content is contained in the upper layer to be processed.
In the upper part of the molten layer, CO ₂ gas at a high temperature of 900 to 1000 ° C. rises uniformly, reacts with the object to be processed, and generates a combustible gas containing a large amount of hydrocarbons and CO gas.
This combustible gas uniformly rises in the workpiece layer located above the dry distillation layer, and a dry layer is formed.
The combustible gas temperature at this time is 280 to 380 ° C.
Accordingly, in this combustible gas temperature range of 280 to 380 ° C., tar and pitch components generated in the dry distillation process are mixed in the gas as gasification or suspended matter.
Therefore, in the present invention, the gas generated from the gasifier is separated into a gas component, a tar pitch component, and moisture by a tar / pitch recovery device.
More specifically, the gas at 280 to 380 ° C. generated from the gasifier is cooled to the range of 200 to 100 ° C. by the first gas cooler.
During this cooling, the tar content that has become a heavy liquid and the solidified pitch content are condensed and dropped on the surface of the heat exchange pipe having a surface temperature of 50 to 100 ° C. provided in the first gas cooler.
About 90% of the tar pitch is recovered by this first gas cooler.
Next, the gas temperature is cooled in the range of 100 to 50 ° C. with the second gas cooler, and further the gas temperature is cooled to 50 to 30 ° C. below 50 ° C. with the third gas cooler.
In the second gas cooler, low-boiling oily products are recovered, and in the third gas cooler, moisture is condensed and recovered.
In addition, since the pitch portion solidified when the gas temperature is cooled by the gas cooler is washed away by the oil component, it is not necessary to provide a cleaning device for heat exchange of the gas cooler.
Moreover, since the water | moisture content was removed from gas, the combustion calorie of combustible gas improves.

The gas whose moisture has been recovered by the third gas cooler includes harmful gas components such as sulfide and chloride, and also includes particulate dust.
Therefore, after raising the temperature to a range of 100 to 170 ° C. using a heat exchanger, harmful gas components are removed using a conventional bag filter, neutralization washing, or the like.
After that, the combustible gas is stored in the gas holder (gas tank).
The pressure can be adjusted with a gas holder, and power can be generated with a gas power generation device.
The surplus hot air in this gas power generation can be used as a temperature raising heat source for the gas after the third gas cooler.

Since the conventional carbonization furnace completely carbonizes the object to be treated, and after discharging the carbonized object, it is difficult to increase the height of the furnace. Because of batch processing, there was a problem that the dry distillation conditions changed each time.
On the other hand, in the dry distillation apparatus according to the present invention, the inclined bed portion of the gasification furnace has a pusher device that pushes the unmelted material toward the melt discharge side, and the melt discharge portion is controlled to open and close in the vertical direction. The control door has a plurality of slit portions in the upward direction, and has a needle-like rooster that can be inserted toward the inclined floor portion through the slit portions.
Thereby, since unmelted material can be discharged | emitted from a hearth part with a pusher apparatus, suppressing the fall of untreated material with a needle-shaped rooster, a melting | fusing and dry distillation process can be continued.
In this way, the dry distillation treatment can be continuously performed by repeating the operation of discharging the unmelted material and the operation of supplying the workpiece through the seal damper.

The present invention is further characterized in that it has a recovered tar pitch reforming device.
This tar / pitch reformer is a tar / pitch reformer that separates light and heavy components by dropping the tar / pitch recovered by the tar / pitch recovery device onto an inclined plate at 200 to 300 ° C. It has the apparatus.
Light tar is mixed in the tar pitch recovered by the first and second gas coolers.
Therefore, the tar pitch recovered on a metal inclined plate heated to 200 to 300 ° C. was dropped and separated into a light component and a heavy component.
Further, the heavy component burns and can be used for heating the inclined plate and can be used as an energy source such as steam using a waste heat boiler or the like.
Therefore, the carbonization apparatus according to the present invention can be used as an energy source in addition to simply detoxifying the object to be treated such as waste.

In the carbonization apparatus according to the present invention, a gasification furnace having a straight tube structure is adopted, a hot layer is blown in the vicinity of the hearth portion to form a molten layer, and a high-temperature CO ₂ gas generated from the molten layer Can be used to form a dry distillation layer on top of the molten layer.
The tar pitch contained in the hydrocarbon and CO combustible gas generated from the dry distillation layer can be used as an energy source by separating light components and heavy components in the reformer.
If the material to be treated has a large amount of carbonized components such as peat, the coke will be mixed in the melt or remain as an unmelted material in the hearth, and this will be discharged and cooled with water to increase the amount of coke. can get.

The whole flowchart of the carbonization system which concerns on this invention is shown. A sectional view of a gasifier is shown. The principal part figure of the hearth part vicinity of a gasification furnace is shown. The state which ignited to-be-processed object and formed the molten layer, the dry distillation layer, and the dry layer is shown typically. A state in which a rooster is inserted into the melted layer and the unmelted material is discharged by a pusher is schematically shown. The state where the tip of the rooster is inserted to the tip of the pusher is shown. The pusher is advanced with the tip of the rooster. (A) shows the figure which looked at the control door from the front, (b) shows the state which inserted the front-end | tip of a rooster in the furnace, (c) typically shows the state which has received the unburned material by the rooster. Show. The internal schematic diagram which looked at the tar pitch reformer from the side is shown. An A view internal view of the tar pitch reforming apparatus is shown. B view internal view of the tar pitch reforming apparatus is shown.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Gasification furnace 11 Furnace wall 12 Hearth 12a Exhaust port 13a 1st damper 13b 2nd damper 13c 3rd damper 14 Pusher 15 Air blowing port 15a Ignition burner 16 Rooster 17 Control door

17a Slit part

17b Elution groove 18 Shielding door 19a Gas Discharge port 21 1st gas cooler 22 2nd gas cooler 23 3rd gas cooler 24 4th gas cooler 31 1st heat exchanger 32 2nd heat exchanger 41 1st filter device 42 2nd filter device 51 Gas washing machine 52 Desorption Salt machine 60 Gas holder 70 Gas generator 80 Tar / pitch reformer 82 Front chamber 83 Rear chamber 90 Waste heat boiler 100 Chimney 110 Cyclone 120 Fuel tank M ₁ Molten layer M ₂ Distilled layer M ₃ Dry layer M ₄ Unmelted material

FIG. 1 shows a flowchart of the carbonization system according to the present invention.
An organic material to be treated is introduced into the gasification furnace 10, the outside air is shut off, the furnace floor is ignited with an ignition burner using the fuel in the fuel tank 120, and air is blown into the furnace.
Turn off the ignition burner when the workpiece begins to burn.
Although details will be described later, a melted layer, a carbonized layer, and a dry layer are formed in the gasification furnace 10, and an organic material to be processed is decomposed from the gasification furnace 10, and contains a large amount of generated hydrocarbons and CO gas. A combustible gas is discharged.
The combustible gas is guided to a tar / pitch recovery apparatus including a first gas cooler, a second gas cooler, and a third gas cooler after removing particulate matter by the cyclone 110.
The first to third gas coolers are provided with

heat exchange pipes

21c, 22c, and 23c, respectively, and pump the coolant in the cooling

water tanks

21b, 22b, and 23b to the heat exchange pipe.

For example, when a lignite-based object to be treated is introduced into a gasification furnace having a straight cylinder structure having a three-stage damper having a seal structure composed of first to third dampers at the upper portion as shown in FIG. , In terms of Nm ³ / h, CO ₂ : 0.7%, CO: 15.7%, H ₂ : 4.0%, N ₂ : 26.9%, O ₂ : 0.8%, SO ₂ : Gases of 0.4%, H ₂ O: 47.6%, and C ₂ H ₄ : 3.8% were generated.
Further, the gas temperature generated from the gasification furnace is 280 to 380 ° C., and includes a liquid tar component and a pitch component that is easily solidified at room temperature.

Therefore, the first gas cooler 21 is cooled so that the gas temperature is in the range of 200 to 100 ° C.
At this time, since the surface temperature of the heat exchanger pipe is about 50 to 100 ° C., the liquefied tar portion and the solidified pitch are accumulated in the first recovery tank 21a.
At this point, about 90% of the tar pitch is recovered.
Next, the second gas cooler 22 is cooled so that the gas temperature is in the range of 100 to 50 ° C.
As a result, the remaining tar pitch is recovered in the second recovery tank 22a.
The heat exchange pipe is washed with components that are co-extracted when the tar and pitch are recovered by the first gas cooler and the second gas cooler.
Water vapor is mixed in the generated gas when it passes through the second gas cooler.
Therefore, the third cooler 23 cools the gas temperature to a range of about 50 to 30 ° C., which is less than 50 ° C.
Thereby, moisture is condensed and collected in the third collection tank 23a.
As a result, the moisture in the combustible gas is reduced to 10% or less, and the heat-generated calories of the gas are improved.
However, harmful gases such as SO ₂ gas still exist in the gas.
Therefore, the temperature is raised to 100 to 170 ° C. in the first heat exchanger 31 using a heat source obtained by the gas generator 70 described later.
Thereafter, suspended fine particles are removed by a first filter device (bag filter), and SO ₂ gas and the like are neutralized and washed by a gas washer 51.
Through these steps, the cleaned combustible gas is collected in the gas holder 60, pressure-adjusted, sent to the gas generator 70, and used for power generation.
At this time, surplus energy is used for the first heat exchanger 31 and is discharged via the chimney 100.

The tar and pitch recovered by the tar / pitch recovery apparatus are mixed with light and heavy components.
Accordingly, the tar pitch recovered by the heater 86 is heated to about 80 ° C. and dropped into a tar pitch reformer (hereinafter referred to as a reformer) 80 as shown in FIGS.
Inside the reformer 80, a metal inclined plate 84 is installed, and after burning the surplus gas in the front chamber 82 and the gas generator 70, which are blocked from the outside air, and heavy components recovered by the reformer. A chamber 83 is provided.
The angle of the inclined plate 84 is 10 to 30 °, and its surface is 200 to 300 ° C. The hydrocarbons and light oil components generated from the dropped tar pitch are recovered from the discharge port 87. Then, the pitch is removed by the fourth gas cooler 24 and fed into the gas holder 60.
Further, the heavy components that have flowed down the inclined plate 84 are collected by the conveyor 82b sealed with water and burned in the rear chamber.
The removed pitch is stored in the fourth recovery tank 24a and then processed via the second heat exchanger 32 and the like.
Reference numeral 24b denotes a fourth cooling water tank.
A scraper 85 is held on a cylinder 85a fixed to a holder 85b in a state of being water-sealed and cooled 85c above the inclined plate 84.
The scraper 85 scrapes off the residue.
The residue and heavy components recovered by the water-sealed conveyor 82b are burned in the rear chamber 84.
Further, the rear chamber 84 has a surplus gas intake port 89 a and operates the waste heat boiler 90 using hot air generated by combustion at the combustion port 89.
The exhaust gas is rendered harmless by passing through the desalter 52 and the second filter device 42 and is discharged through the chimney 100.

Next, the structure of the gasification furnace and the gasification method will be described.
As shown in FIG. 2, the hearth 12 of the gasification furnace 10 is a tilted floor portion with the melt discharge port 12 a on the lower side.
It has a straight tube structure in which the furnace wall 11 rises almost vertically from the hearth 12.
The upper part of the furnace is a three-stage seal damper composed of first to third tampers 13a, 13b, 13c, and an object to be processed is dropped into the furnace using the upper conveyor 13d while being shut off from the outside air. .
Further, cooling water is passed through the furnace wall 11.
A gas discharge port 19a is provided below the third damper 13c and in the upper part of the furnace.
A pusher 14 that is controlled to move forward and backward along the inclined floor portion toward the discharge port 12a is provided.
In this embodiment, the pusher 14 is controlled to move by the cylinder 14a.
An air blowing port 15 is provided in the vicinity of the hearth 12.
As shown in FIG. 8, the discharge port 12a has a control door 17 formed with a plurality of slits 17c in the vertical direction and a shielding door 18 that completely shields the front surface, and

cylinders

17a, 18a as shown in FIG. The vertical height is controlled by.
On the inner side of the control door 17, an elution groove 17 b is formed in which the melt flows out.
A needle-shaped rooster 16 inserted from the outside is provided in the slit portion 17c. As shown in FIG. 2, the cylinder 16a holding the rooster 16 and the rod 16b are operated to move forward and backward, and the upper and lower cylinders 16c control the rooster. The insertion angle of 16 is controlled.
In addition, the cooling water circulates inside the rooster 16 through the cooling water inlet 16d and the outlet 16e.

At the start of operation, as shown in FIG. 3, the rooster 16 is taken out, the control door 17 and the shielding door 18 are fully closed, and the workpiece M is put into the furnace.
In this state, the ignition burner 15a is ignited, and the object to be processed is heated and burned.
When a part of the workpiece starts to burn, warm air of 200 to 500 ° C. is blown from the air blowing port 15.
Then, the formed melt layer M ₁ in the hearth, as shown in FIG. 4, the O ₂ in the warm air is consumed, CO ₂ is generated.
The inert gas in which O ₂ is consumed contains a large amount of CO ₂ and reaches a high temperature of 900 to 1000 ° C.
The high-temperature CO ₂ gas rises uniformly, reacts with the organic matter on the top, and thermally decomposes.
Carbonization layer M ₂ is formed by the thermal decomposition.
Hydrocarbon and CO gas are generated from the dry distillation layer M ₂ , which rises to form a dry layer M ₃ in which the object to be processed is dried, and from the gasifier 10 to the cyclone 110 side via the gas discharge port 19 a. Dispense towards.
As shown in FIG. 4, when melting progresses, the melt M ₅ is eluted from the elution groove 17 b and the unmelted material M ₄ is accumulated in the hearth 12.
This inmelt includes carbonized coke.
Not melt M ₄ is insert the grate 16 from the slit portion 17c, as shown in FIG. 5 After a predetermined amount occurs, prevents the advance product M ₆ falls to advance pusher 14 in this state, the water in a water 19c The sealed conveyor 19b is operated to cool and discharge.
The process from elution to cooling discharge is completely shielded from the outside air by the shielding plate 18c.
The gas generated here is also burned by the reformer 80.
The example shown in FIG. 5 is effective when the object to be processed does not contain a lot of composite materials such as metal wires. Then, when it is difficult to discharge the unmelted material, the tip 16f of the rooster 16 may be scraped out by the tip of the rooster 16 while the tip 16f of the rooster 16 is positioned at the tip 14b of the pusher 14 as shown in FIGS. Good.
If it does in this way, as shown typically in Drawing 8 (c), since a non-melting thing can be discharged out of a furnace, continuing operation of melting and dry distillation processing, continuous operation is possible.

The carbonization apparatus according to the present invention can be used in many fields such as processing of old tires, peat processing, as well as general industrial waste, because it can handle all organic processing objects.

Claims

A straight cylinder structure having a workpiece inlet at the top, a seal damper that drops the workpiece in a sealed manner into the lower portion by a predetermined amount, and an inclined floor portion inclined so that the melt discharge side is lowered at the bottom And a tar / pitch recovery device for recovering tar and pitch from the gas generated from the gasification furnace,
In the gasification furnace, at least a molten layer and a dry distillation layer are formed in order from the inclined floor portion upward by blowing warm air from an air blowing port provided near the bottom,
The tar / pitch recovery apparatus separates the gas generated from the gasification furnace into a tar / pitch component, moisture, and a gas component.
The inclined bed portion of the gasification furnace has a pusher device for extruding an unmelted material toward the melt discharge side,
The melt discharge part has a control door that is controlled to open and close in the vertical direction,
The dry distillation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control door has a plurality of slit portions in an upward direction, and has a needle-like rooster that can be inserted through the slit portions toward the inclined floor portion.
The tar / pitch recovery apparatus includes a first gas cooler that cools a gas temperature to a range of 200 to 100 ° C., a second gas cooler that cools a gas temperature to a range of 100 to 50 ° C., and a gas temperature of less than 50 ° C. The dry distillation apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a third gas cooler that cools the gas.
A heat exchanger that raises the gas temperature to less than 50 ° C. and removes condensed water and then raises the temperature to 100 to 170 ° C., a filter device that removes suspended particulates, and a gas cleaning device that removes harmful gases, The dry distillation apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising a gas power generation apparatus that generates electric power using the subsequent gas.
2. A tar pitch reforming device for separating a light component and a heavy component by dropping the tar pitch recovered by the tar / pitch recovery device onto an inclined plate at 200 to 300 ° C. 4. The carbonization apparatus according to any one of the ranges 1 to 3.