WO2011123492A2 - Procédés pour préparer des dispersions aqueuses de polyuréthane de mélanges de polyisocyanates aromatiques et compositions de celles-ci - Google Patents

Procédés pour préparer des dispersions aqueuses de polyuréthane de mélanges de polyisocyanates aromatiques et compositions de celles-ci Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011123492A2
WO2011123492A2 PCT/US2011/030436 US2011030436W WO2011123492A2 WO 2011123492 A2 WO2011123492 A2 WO 2011123492A2 US 2011030436 W US2011030436 W US 2011030436W WO 2011123492 A2 WO2011123492 A2 WO 2011123492A2
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isomeric mixture
weight
less
polyurethane
methylene bis
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PCT/US2011/030436
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English (en)
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WO2011123492A3 (fr
Inventor
Yingjie Li
Shuhui Qin
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Henkel Corporation
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Publication of WO2011123492A3 publication Critical patent/WO2011123492A3/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J175/00—Adhesives based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09J175/04—Polyurethanes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/08—Processes
    • C08G18/0804—Manufacture of polymers containing ionic or ionogenic groups
    • C08G18/0819—Manufacture of polymers containing ionic or ionogenic groups containing anionic or anionogenic groups
    • C08G18/0823—Manufacture of polymers containing ionic or ionogenic groups containing anionic or anionogenic groups containing carboxylate salt groups or groups forming them
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/08—Processes
    • C08G18/10—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step
    • C08G18/12—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step using two or more compounds having active hydrogen in the first polymerisation step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/34—Carboxylic acids; Esters thereof with monohydroxyl compounds
    • C08G18/348—Hydroxycarboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/65—Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/66—Compounds of groups C08G18/42, C08G18/48, or C08G18/52
    • C08G18/6633—Compounds of group C08G18/42
    • C08G18/6659—Compounds of group C08G18/42 with compounds of group C08G18/34
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/65—Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/66—Compounds of groups C08G18/42, C08G18/48, or C08G18/52
    • C08G18/6666—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52
    • C08G18/6692—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/34
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
    • C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
    • C08G18/721—Two or more polyisocyanates not provided for in one single group C08G18/73 - C08G18/80
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
    • C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
    • C08G18/74—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
    • C08G18/76—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
    • C08G18/7614—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing only one aromatic ring
    • C08G18/7621—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing only one aromatic ring being toluene diisocyanate including isomer mixtures
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
    • C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
    • C08G18/74—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
    • C08G18/76—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
    • C08G18/7657—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
    • C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
    • C08G18/74—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
    • C08G18/76—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
    • C08G18/7657—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings
    • C08G18/7664—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings containing alkylene polyphenyl groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D175/00—Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D175/04—Polyurethanes

Definitions

  • Aqueous polyurethane dispersions of aromatic polyisocyanates and particularly making such dispersions from mixtures of aromatic polyisocyanates and compositions thereof are provided.
  • the methods disclosed herein provide aqueous polyurethane dispersions which are produced more economically with no requirement for added organic solvent in the aqueous polyurethane dispersion.
  • Such polyurethane dispersions are environmentally friendly and are useful as adhesives, sealants and coatings for laminating or bonding substrates such as paper, wood, metals, plastics and other natural and synthetic materials.
  • a polyurethane dispersion is a colloidal system in which polyurethane particles are dispersed in a continuous aqueous medium or water/organic solvent mixture.
  • Aqueous polyurethane dispersions are desirable in coating and adhesive applications as the amount of organic solvent is reduced which is not only more economical but is also beneficial as it reduces both occupational and environmental hazards associated with their use.
  • a melt dispersion process utilizes ammonia or urea to react the isocyanate-terminated polymer so as to increase its ability to disperse in water.
  • further chain extension is often required and conducted using formaldehyde, a highly volatile and toxic agent.
  • additional blocking reactions which seal off the reactive isocyanate groups may be employed.
  • this approach not only increases the time and reagent costs associated with production but also limits the ability to produce polyurethane dispersions of high molecular weight.
  • Yet another approach for producing such dispersions employs specialized equipment which requires significant capital expenditure. However, such specialized equipment is often of limited use, consequently this approach is cost-prohibitive.
  • the present invention provides methods of making polyurethane dispersions from an aromatic polyisocyanate which are more economical and reduce the hazards associated with their production.
  • This invention also provides a method of making polyurethane dispersions made from a mixture of aromatic polyisocyanates. Desirably, methods of the present invention include the production of polyurethane dispersions from an aromatic polyisocyanates without the use of added organic solvent, the need for additional chemical reactions (e.g., blocking reactions) or specialized equipment.
  • methods of making a polyurethane dispersion from an aromatic polyisocyanate including: (1) forming a polyurethane prepolymer from a composition including: a) at least one polyol; b) at least one diol containing carboxyl functionality; c) an isomeric mixture of diphenylmethyl diisocyanate including about 37% by weight or less of 4,4 ' - methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate); and optionally, but desirably, d) at least one additional aromatic isocyanate and (2) combining the polyurethane prepolymer from step (1) with at least one neutralizing amine and water.
  • polyurethane prepolymers formed by reacting a composition including: a) at least one polyol; b) at least one diol containing carboxyl functionality; c) an isomeric mixture of diphenylmethyl diisocyanate including about 37% by weight or less of 4,4 ' - methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate); and optionally, but desirably, d) at least one additional aromatic isocyanate.
  • polyurethane prepolymers formed from an isomeric mixture of diphenylmethyl diisocyanate including a polymer segment formed from no more than about 37% by weight 4,4'- methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate) isomer, and optionally, but desirably, at least one additional aromatic isocyanate.
  • polyurethane dispersions including: a) an aqueous medium; and b) polyurethane prepolymer particles dispersed within the aqueous medium, wherein the polyurethane prepolymer particles are formed from a composition comprising an isomeric mixture of diphenylmethyl diisocyanate and optionally, but desirably, at least one additional aromatic isocyanate and the isomeric mixture includes no more than about 37% by weight of a polymer segment formed from 4,4 ' - methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate).
  • the "at least one additional aromatic isocyanate” be included in the process and compositions of the invention.
  • the “additional aromatic isocyanate” may also include another isomeric mixture of diphenylmethyl diisocycnate having a different percentage of 4,4 ' -methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate).
  • polyurethane coatings, adhesives and sealants formed from the polyurethane dispersions of the present invention.
  • methods of mating two substrates as well as methods of coating which include applying the polyurethane dispersions (PUDs) of the present invention thereto and allowing the polyurethane to cure or dry.
  • PUDs polyurethane dispersions
  • Methods of the present invention provide a polyurethane prepolymer formulation of sufficiently low reactivity with water as well as low viscosity such that the resultant polyurethane is more readily dispersed in water.
  • a reduction in the amount of fast- reacting isocyanates such as 4,4 ' - methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate) results in a reduction in the reactivity of the polyurethane prepolymer with water as well as a concomitant reduction in the viscosity of the polyurethane prepolymer.
  • compositions including an isomeric mixture of diphenylmethyl diisocyanate, having no more than about 37% by weight of a polymer segment formed from 4,4'- methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate), in combination with at least one additional aromatic isocyanate allows for the use of less of the isomeric mixture of diphenylmethyl diisocyanate, the latter being difficult to find commercially and requiring added expense to prepare.
  • Methods of making polyurethane dispersions from the inventive mixtures of aromatic isocyanates in accordance with the present invention provide aqueous polyurethane dispersions that do not require added organic solvent, use of specialized dispersion equipment, or chemical blocking reactions.
  • the methods provided herein are compatible with the use of added organic solvent, specialized dispersion equipment or chemical blocking reactions and may include one or more of these approaches for the formation of polyurethane dispersions from an aromatic polyisocyanate.
  • such methods do not require, but may include, special processing (e.g., flash evaporation), addition of a chain extender, or use of ammonia, urea, formaldehyde, ketimines and ketazines.
  • the polyurethane dispersions of the present invention remain a homogeneous polyurethane dispersion, rather than a gel, for a commercially viable period of time.
  • the phrase "free of added organic solvent” with reference to methods of making polyurethane dispersions in accordance with the present invention refers to the lack of a step wherein a carbon-containing chemical solvent is added to the polyurethane prepolymer to produce a polyurethane dispersion. It is understood that the components used in forming a polyurethane dispersion in accordance with the present invention may include an organic solvent therein. However, the presence of an organic solvent in such components is not considered an added organic solvent in accordance with the methods of the present invention.
  • the term "mating" with regard to two substrates refers to adhering one or more surfaces of a first substrate with one or more surfaces of a second substrate using the polyurethane dispersions of the present invention.
  • a polyurethane dispersion from an aromatic polyisocyanate including: (1) forming a polyurethane prepolymer from a composition including: a) at least one polyol; b) at least one other polyol which is a diol containing carboxyl functionality; c) an isomeric mixture of diphenylmethyl diisocyanate including about 37% by weight or less of 4,4'- methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate); and optionally, but desirably, d) at least one additional aromatic isocyanate; and (2) combining the polyurethane prepolymer from step (1) with at least one neutralizing amine and water.
  • methods of making a polyurethane dispersion optionally include the addition of one or more additives which may be non-reactive or reactive and are desirably compatible with components of the polyurethane dispersion.
  • additives are known to the person skilled in the art.
  • Exemplary additives include, but are not limited to, polymer emulsions, surfactants, antifoam or defoam agents, thickeners, film forming aides, plasticizer oils, colorants, fillers, UV dyes, rheology modifiers, tackifiers, antioxidants, silanes, UV barriers, stabilizers, adhesion promoters, flame retardants, conductive agents, waxes, solvents, chain stoppers, blocking agents, ketimines and ketazines.
  • Specific examples include, but are not limited to defoamer agents commercially available from Munzing Chemie, Bloomfield, NJ, including DeeFo 3000.
  • the polyurethane dispersions of the present invention may be used as a multi- component system (e.g., a 2-component system).
  • exemplary additional components include, but are not limited to, one or more other polyisocyanates, epoxy resins, aziridines, carbodiimides, urea-formaldehydes as well as other chemicals which can react with the polyurethane dispersion.
  • methods of making polyurethane dispersions which further include blending the polyurethane prepolymer formed with a monomer, a polymer, or any combination thereof.
  • polyurethane dispersions which further include copolymerizing the polyurethane prepolymer formed with a monomer, a polymer, or any combination thereof.
  • exemplary components for copolymerization with the polyurethane dispersion include, but are not limited to, acrylic polymers.
  • post-dispersion chemical linkage such as post- dispersion grafting of other polymers to the polyurethane dispersion may also be employed.
  • the methods of making a polyurethane dispersion from an aromatic polyisocyanate further include adding at least one additive to one or more of step (1) or step (2) described above.
  • the methods of making a polyurethane dispersion from an aromatic polyisocyanate further include adding at least one amine crosslinker in step (2) described above.
  • exemplary amine crosslinkers include, but are not limited to, ethylene diamine (EDA, 99%; commercially available from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MI).
  • methods for making a polyurethane dispersion include reacting an excess amount of polyisocyanate with a polyol, at least one other polyol which is a diol containing a carboxylic group, and optionally a chain extender to form a prepolymer preparation.
  • a chain extender is added during the dispersion step.
  • Exemplary chain extenders include, but are not limited to, hydrazine and ethylene diamine.
  • the methods of making a polyurethane dispersion from an aromatic polyisocyanate are free of added organic solvent. Such polyurethane dispersions are thereby produced by a so-called “solvent-free” process.
  • methods for making a polyurethane dispersion containing an aromatic isocyanate which include an added organic solvent.
  • the polyurethane dispersions of the present invention further include an added organic solvent in which polyurethane is dispersed. It should be noted that addition of an organic solvent to the polyurethane prepolymer can facilitate formation of the polyurethane dispersion. Generally, even though certain embodiments of the present invention may include added organic solvent, the amount of added organic solvent used is reduced relative to an amount that would otherwise be required using conventional methods for making such polyurethane dispersions.
  • specialized equipment for forming polyurethane dispersions of the present invention may be used as well.
  • such specialized equipment facilitates the formation of polyurethane dispersions containing an aromatic isocyanate in an aqueous medium wherein the polyurethane dispersions are free of added organic solvent.
  • methods for making the polyurethane dispersions of the present invention include additional chemical reactions, such as blocking reactions, to reduce the reactivity of prepolymer preparation with water.
  • methods for making a polyurethane dispersion containing an aromatic isocyanate are provided which further include chemical reactions to block the reactive isocyanate groups.
  • At least one polyol is a polyether polyol, a polyester polyol, an acrylic polyol, or a polybutadiene polyol. Combinations of such polyols may also be employed.
  • Polyether polyols suitable for use in the present invention include but are not limited to, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyethylene end-capped polypropylene glycol, polytetramethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of about 200 to about 18,000.
  • Such polyether polyols suitable for use in the present invention are generally commercially available from Bayer, Leverkusen, Germany; Huntsman, Woodlands, Texas; Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan and BASF, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
  • a polyether polyol having an average molecular weight of about 2000 such as PPG 2000 (commercially available from Bayer,
  • the amount of polyether polyol is in the range of about 0% to about 90% by weight of the composition from which the polyurethane prepolymer is formed.
  • Polyester polyols suitable for use in the present invention include crystalline polyester polyols, liquid polyester polyols, amorphous polyester polyols/ and
  • polyester polyols suitable for use in the present invention are generally commercially available from Evonik Industries, Essen, Germany; Panolam Industries, Shelton, Connecticut; Bayer, Leverkusen, Germany; and Chemtura,
  • polyester polyol having an average molecular weight of about 2000 such as Desmophen S-105-55 (commercially available from Bayer, Leverkusen, Germany) may be used.
  • the amount of polyester polyol is in the range of about 0% to about 90% by weight of the composition from which the polyurethane prepolymer is formed.
  • At least one other polyol is a diol containing carboxyl functionality.
  • Exemplary diols containing carboxyl functionality include but are not limited to, 2,2- dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA) and 2,2-dimethylolbutanic acid.
  • DMPA is a small molecular weight diol containing carboxylic group (commercially available from GEO Specialty Chemicals, Cleveland, Ohio).
  • the polyol is present in an amount of about 50% to about 95% by weight of the composition from which the polyurethane prepolymer is formed.
  • the diol containing carboxyl functionality is present in an amount of about 1% to about 25% by weight of the composition from which the polyurethane prepolymer is formed.
  • Polyisocyanates for use in the present invention include mixtures of diphenylmethyl diisocyanate having about 37% by weight or less of 4,4'- methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate) and optionally, but desirably, at least one additional aromatic isocyanate .
  • the polyisocyanate is a mixture of diphenyl aromatic isocyanates having about 33% by weight or less of 4,4 ' -methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate) and optionally, but desirably, at least one additional aromatic isocyanate.
  • the polyisocyanate is a mixture of diphenyl aromatic isocyanates having about 20% by weight or less of 4,4 ' -methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate) and optionally, but desirably, at least additional aromatic isocyanate In certain embodiments, the polyisocyanate is a mixture of diphenyl aromatic isocyanates having about 12% by weight or less of 4,4 ' -methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate) and optionally, but desirably, at least additional aromatic isocyanate.
  • the polyisocyanate is a mixture of diphenylmethyl diisocyanate having about 9% by weight or less of 4,4 ' - methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate). In certain embodiments, the polyisocyanate is a mixture of diphenylmethyl diisocyanate having about 6% by weight or less of 4,4 ' - methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate) and optionally, but desirably, at least one additional aromatic isocyanate .
  • the polyisocyanate is a mixture of diphenylmethyl diisocyanate having about 3% by weight or less of 4,4 ' - methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate) and optionally, but desirably, at least one additional aromatic isocyanate. In certain embodiments, the polyisocyanate is a mixture of diphenylmethyl diisocyanate having about 2% by weight or less of 4,4 ' - methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate) and optionally, but desirably, at least one additional aromatic isocyanate.
  • the functionality of the polyisocyanate is from about 1.1 to about 3.5. In certain embodiments, the functionality of the polyisocyanate is from about 1.5 to about 3. In certain embodiments, the functionality of the polyisocyanate is from about 1.8 to about 2.3.
  • Exemplary diphenylmethyl polyisocyanates suitable for the isomeric mixture in the present invention include but are not limited to, polyisocyanate having 4,4 ' - methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate) content equal or less than 1.75% by weight of the polyisocyanate (available under the trade name Lupranat MCI, commercially available from Elastogran/BASF, Ludwigshafen, Germany) and polyisocyanate having 4,4'- methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate) content equal or less than 1.5% by weight of the polyisocyanate (available under the trade name Desmodur 24 MI, commercially available from Bayer, Leverkusen, Germany).
  • polyisocyanate having 4,4 ' - methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate) content equal or less than 1.75% by weight of the polyisocyanate
  • Lupranat MCI commercially available from Elastogran/BASF, Ludwigshafen, Germany
  • Desmodur 24 MI commercially available from Bayer, Leverku
  • Additional aromatic isocyanates used in combination with the aforementioned isomeric mixtures include any aromatic isocyanate compatible with the reaction.
  • aromatic isocyanate compatible with the reaction include, without limitation, Mondur M, (available from Bayer) a mixture of isomers of dephenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) with 4, 4 ' -MDI content of 98% by weight or higher; Mondur ML (available from Bayer), a mixture of isomers of MDI with 4, 4'-MDI content of about 45% by weight; Mondur TD80
  • the amount of total polyisocyanate is present in an amount from about 3% to about 60% by weight of the composition from which the polyurethane prepolymer is formed. In certain embodiments, the amount of total polyisocyanate is present in an amount from about 5% to about 50% by weight of the composition from which the polyurethane prepolymer is formed. In certain embodiments, the amount of polyisocyanate is present in an amount from about 10% to about 40% by weight of the composition from which the polyurethane prepolymer is formed.
  • the combination of the isomeric mixture in combination with another aromatic isocyanate has distinct advantages over prior methods for making polyurethane dispersions. Because the isomeric mixture may be costly and/or labor intensive to make or obtain, the addition of another aromatic isocyanate allows the ability to use less of the isomeric mixture to achieve the same end products. It has surprisingly been discovered that the isomeric mixture and the additional isocyanate can be added together with one or more polyols in an essentially one step process and still achieve a stable polyurethane dispersion with minimal gel formation.
  • one-step process is meant that if the isomeric isocyanate mixture is added first with the polyol(s), then the additional aromatic isocyanate should be added within 45 minutes after the isomeric mixture starts to react with the polyol(s) in the temperature range of about 60° to about 90°. Similarly, if the additional aromatic isocyanate is added to the polyol(s) first, then the isomeric mixture of isocyanates should be added within 45 minutes after the additional aromatic isocyanate starts to react with the polyol(s).
  • the neutralizing amine is present in a ratio of diol containing carboxyl functionality to neutralizing amine of about 1 :0.35 to about 1 :2.5. In certain embodiments, the neutralizing amine is present in a ratio of diol containing carboxyl functionality to neutralizing amine of about 1 : 1.
  • Exemplary neutralizing amine include, but are not limited to, triethylamine (TEA, 99%, commercially available from Alfa Aesar, Ward Hill, Massachusetts).
  • TAA triethylamine
  • polyurethane prepolymers formed by reacting a composition including: a) at least one polyol; b) at least one other polyol which is a diol containing carboxyl functionality; c) an isomeric mixture of diphenylmethyl diisocyanate including about 37% by weight or less of 4,4 ' - methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate); and d) optionally, but desirably, at least one additional aromatic isocyanate.
  • the isomeric mixture of diphenylmethyl diisocyanate includes about 33% by weight or less 4,4 ' -methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate).
  • the isomeric mixture of diphenylmethyl diisocyanate includes about 20% by weight or less 4,4 ' -methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate). In some embodiments, the isomeric mixture of diphenylmethyl diisocyanate includes about 12% by weight or less 4,4 ' -methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate). In another embodiment, the isomeric mixture of diphenylmethyl diisocyanate includes about 9% by weight or less of 4,4 ' - methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate). In another embodiment, the isomeric mixture of diphenylmethyl diisocyanate includes about 6% by weight or less of 4,4 ' - methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate).
  • the isomeric mixture of diphenylmethyl diisocyanate includes about 3% by weight or less of 4,4 ' - methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate). In still yet another embodiment, the isomeric mixture of diphenylmethyl diisocyanate includes about 2% by weight or less of 4,4 ' - methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate).
  • Each of the aforementioned isomeric mixture embodiments optionally, but desirably, include an additional aromatic isocyanate.
  • polyurethane prepolymers formed from an isomeric mixture of diphenylmethyl diisocyanate including a polymer segment formed from no more than about 37% by weight 4,4'- methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate) isomer and optionally, but desirably, at least one additional aromatic isocyanate.
  • the isomeric mixture of diphenylmethyl diisocyanate includes about 33% by weight or less of 4,4 ' -methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate) and optionally, but desirably, at least one additional aromatic isocyanate.
  • the isomeric mixture of diphenylmethyl diisocyanate includes about 20% by weight or less of 4,4 ' -methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate) and optionally, but desirably, at least one additional aromatic isocyanate. In some embodiments, the isomeric mixture of diphenylmethyl diisocyanate includes about 12% by weight or less of 4,4 ' -methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate) and optionally, but desirably, at least one additional aromatic isocyanate.
  • the isomeric mixture of diphenylmethyl diisocyanate includes about 9% by weight or less of 4,4 ' - methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate) and optionally, but desirably, at least one additional aromatic isocyanate. In another embodiment, the isomeric mixture of diphenylmethyl diisocyanate includes about 6% by weight or less of 4,4 ' - methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate) and optionally, but desirably, at least one additional aromatic isocyanate.
  • the isomeric mixture of diphenylmethyl diisocyanate includes about 3% by weight or less of 4,4 ' - methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate) and optionally, but desirably, at least one additional aromatic isocyanate. In still yet another embodiment, the isomeric mixture of diphenylmethyl diisocyanate includes about 2% by weight or less of 4,4 ' - methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate) and optionally, but desirably, at least one additional aromatic isocyanate.
  • polyurethane dispersions including: a) an aqueous medium; and b) polyurethane prepolymer particles dispersed within the aqueous medium, the polyurethane prepolymer particles are formed from a composition including an isomeric mixture of diphenylmethyl diisocyanate and optionally, but desirably, at least one additional aromatic isocyanate; and the isomeric mixture includes no more than about 37% by weight of a polymer segment formed from 4,4 ' - methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate).
  • the isomeric mixture includes no more than about 33% by weight of a polymer segment formed from 4,4'- methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate). In another embodiment, the isomeric mixture includes no more than about 20% by weight of a polymer segment formed from 4,4'- methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate). In another embodiment, the isomeric mixture includes no more than about 12% by weight of a polymer segment formed from 4,4'- methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate). In one embodiment, the isomeric mixture of diphenylmethyl diisocyanate includes about 9% by weight or less of 4,4 ' - methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate).
  • the isomeric mixture of diphenylmethyl diisocyanate includes about 6%> by weight or less of 4,4 ' - methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate). In yet another embodiment, the isomeric mixture of diphenylmethyl diisocyanate includes about 3% by weight or less of 4,4 ' - methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate). In still yet another embodiment, the isomeric mixture of diphenylmethyl diisocyanate includes about 2% by weight or less of 4,4 ' - methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate).
  • the additional aromatic isocyanate optionally, but desirably used in the above dispersion embodiments may be selected from any suitable aromatic isocyanate, and particularly those recited herein.
  • Polyurethane dispersions of the present invention are useful as adhesives, sealants and coatings for laminating or bonding substrates such as paper, wood, metals, plastics and other synthetic materials.
  • polyurethane coatings formed from the polyurethane dispersions of the present invention.
  • sealants formed from the polyurethane dispersions of the present invention.
  • methods of mating two substrates including applying a polyurethane dispersion of the present invention to a substrate surface, mating another substrate therewith such that the polyurethane dispersion is in contact with both substrates and allowing the polyurethane dispersion to cure or dry.
  • methods of coating including applying the polyurethane dispersion of the present invention to a substrate and allowing it to dry.
  • methods of coating including applying a polyurethane dispersion of the present invention to a substrate and allowing it to cure.
  • Formulations B and C were prepared in accordance with the components and amounts ⁇ i.e., % weight) as provided in Table 1, below.
  • Desmophen S 1015-55 and DMPA were added to a mixer reactor and heated with agitation up to 60 °C.
  • the respective diphenylmethyl diisocyanate i.e., Lupranat MCI, Mondur ML,or Mondur M
  • the mixer reactor temperature was increased to 90 °C and kept stable at that temperature during the reaction. The reaction was stopped when the NCO% reached the desired value.
  • the prepolymer was cooled down to 70 °C for formation of the polyurethane dispersion.
  • Lupranat MCI having 4,4'- methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate) content of about 2% by weight of the polyisocyanate, with Mondur ML and Mondur M (both of which are commercially available from Bayer, Leverkusen, Germany) having 4,4 ' - methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate) content of about 45% and 98% by weight of the polyisocyanate, respectively. More specifically, Lupranat MCI is about 98%o 2,4 ' methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate), about 2% 4,4 ' - methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate), and a miniscule amount of 2,2 ' methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate).
  • Mondur ML is about 55% 2,4 ' methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate), about 45% 4,4 ' - methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate), and about 2% 2,2 ' methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate) and Mondur M is at least 98% 4,4 ' - methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate) with the remaining portion of polyisocyanate being a mixture of the other two isomeric forms 2,4 ' methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate) and 2,2 ' methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate).
  • the viscosity at 90 °C of Inventive Prepolymer Formulation A was significantly less than either Comparative Prepolymer Formulation B or C.
  • the viscosity at 90 °C of Inventive Prepolymer Formulation A was 4900 cps while Comparative Prepolymer Formulation B was almost double that at 9125 cps and Comparative Prepolymer Formulation C was almost even triple that at 13500 cps, respectively.
  • step I triethylamine (TEA) was added to the mixer reactor containing polyurethane prepolymer under agitation, and allowed to mix for 10 minutes with the prepolymer. Thereafter, (step II) distilled water (DI water) was added and the agitation rate increased to 7000 rpm with defoaming agent ⁇ e.g., DeeFo 3000) added as needed to control foaming during the dispersion.
  • DI water distilled water
  • step II distilled water
  • EDA ethylene diamine
  • EDA ethylene diamine
  • the ethylene diamine thereby functioned as a cross-linker to eliminate free NCO. The agitation was stopped when no residual % NCO was detected by IR analysis, at which point the materials in mixer reactor were collected.
  • the sole variable between the dispersion compositions detailed in Table 3 is the prepolymer used in its formation.
  • Inventive Dispersion Composition D which contained no added organic solvent, remained a homogeneous polymer dispersion even after 5 days storage following its manufacture.
  • Comparative Dispersion Composition E was observed to be a homogeneous polymeric dispersion initially, it was a partial gel within 5 days storage following its manufacture.
  • Comparative Dispersion Composition F was already a partial gel within less than a day of its manufacture and fully gelled within 5 days storage following its manufacture.
  • Tables 5-7 provide inventive compositions G-J, L-Q and R, which contain the isomeric mixture of MDI having about 37% or less by weight of 4,4 ' -methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate) (e.g. Lupranat MCI) and an additional aromatic diisocyanate; (e.g. Mondur M, ML, TD-80) as well as comparative example K, which did not include the inventive isomeric mixture.
  • Table 5 Inventive Compositions for Polyurethane Prepolymer by a One- Step Process
  • Prepolymers One-step process: All the prepolymers list in Table 5 were prepared using the method described below with only the relative amounts and specific types of reactants changed for each example. Desmophen S 1015-55 and DMPA were added to a mixer reactor and heated with agitation up to 60°C. After the DMPA was completely dissolved, two aromatic isocyanates were added to the mixture at the same time or one immediately after the other. When there is no exotherm, the mixer reactor temperature was stable at 75 °C during the reaction. The reaction was stopped when the NCO% reached the desired value. Then, the prepolymers were ready for dispersion.
  • Reverse two-step process The prepolymer listed in Table 7 was prepared by a "reverse two-step" process. Desmophen S 1015-55 and DMPA are added to a mixer reactor and heated with agitation up to 60°C. After the DMPA has been completely dissolved. The isomeric isocyanate mixture (Lupranat MCI in this case) was added to the mixture. When there was no exotherm, the mixer reactor temperature was kept stable at 75 °C for 2 hours. Then, the additional aromatic isocyanate, (Mondur ML in this case) was added to the mixture and continued to react at 75 °C. The reaction was stopped when the NCO% reached the desired value. Then, the prepolymers were ready for dispersion.
  • Desmophen S 1015-55 and DMPA are added to a mixer reactor and heated with agitation up to 60°C. After the DMPA has been completely dissolved.
  • the isomeric isocyanate mixture (Lupranat MCI in this case) was
  • Tables 8 and 9 provide compositions which do not include the isomeric mixture of diphenylmethyl diisocyanate having about 37% or less 4,4 ' - methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate).
  • prepolymers were ready for dispersion.
  • Dispersion Table 10 lists the formula for all prepolymer dispersions, the only difference for each PUD being the particular prepolymer used.
  • TEA was added to mixer reactor under agitation, and allowed to mix for 10 minutes with the prepolymer. Then, DI water was added and the agitation rate was increased to 7000 rpm. DeeFo 3000 may be used to control foaming if necessary during the dispersion. After one hour, EDA pre- dissolved in DI water was added to the dispersion under agitation to eliminate the free NCO. The agitation was stopped when there was no residual %NCO left as shown by IR analysis, and all materials in mixer reactor were collected for future test.
  • the inventive prepolymers from the formulations in Table 6 were made from two aromatic isocyanates with a one-step process.
  • Stable PUDs were obtained from prepolymers G, H, I and J, while PUD from prepolymer K is a gel.
  • the common characteristic of the prepolymers G, H, I and J is that isomeric mixture of aromatic isocyanate Lupranat MCI is used in its formulation.
  • the additional aromatic isocyanates used in prepolymer G and H, Mondur M and Mondur ML are also isomeric mixtures of methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate).
  • the combination of Lupranat MCI and the additional aromatic isocyanate in prepolymer G and H each has about 33% and about 30%> by weight 4,4'-methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate), respectively.
  • stable PUDs can be formed from both
  • prepolymers In comparison, prepolymer B with about 45% by weight 4,4'-methylene bis (phenyl isocyanate) could not form a stable PUD.
  • one aromatic isocyanate should be an isomeric mixture of diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) wherein the weight percentage of 4,4'-methylene bis(phenyl isocyanate) (4,4'-MDI) is less than 37%, preferably less than 33%, and most preferably less than 3%.
  • MDI diphenylmethane diisocyanate
  • an additional aromatic isocyanate may also be added.
  • the additional aromatic isocyanate may be any commercial aromatic isocyanate, such as Mondur M, Mondur ML and Mondur TD-80.
  • the additional aromatic isocyanates have to be added into the reaction system to react with polyol or polyols in essentially a one- step process in order to form stable polyurethane dispersions.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des dispersions aqueuses de polyuréthane préparées à partir de polyisocyanates aromatiques et de mélanges de polyisocyanates aromatiques et des compositions de celles-ci. Avantageusement, les procédés présentement décrits produisent des dispersions aqueuses de polyuréthane qui sont produites de façon plus économique sans ajout de solvant organique dans les dispersions aqueuses de polyuréthane. De telles dispersions de polyuréthane sont respectueuses de l'environnement et sont utiles en tant qu'adhésifs, étanchéifiants et revêtements pour laminer ou fixer des substrats tels que du papier, du bois, des métaux, des matières plastiques et d'autres matériaux synthétiques.
PCT/US2011/030436 2010-04-01 2011-03-30 Procédés pour préparer des dispersions aqueuses de polyuréthane de mélanges de polyisocyanates aromatiques et compositions de celles-ci WO2011123492A2 (fr)

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CN103045151A (zh) * 2013-01-16 2013-04-17 广州奥翼电子科技有限公司 电子纸用胶黏剂、制备方法及其应用
WO2013091209A1 (fr) * 2011-12-22 2013-06-27 Dow Global Technologies Llc Nouveau procédé pour la fabrication de dispersions hybrides de polyuréthane/acrylique réticulables
WO2016103283A1 (fr) 2014-12-23 2016-06-30 Council Of Scientific & Industrial Research Diisocyanates aromatiques d'origine biologique pour la préparation de polyuréthanes
CN106867383A (zh) * 2017-03-20 2017-06-20 合肥科天水性科技有限责任公司 一种水油通用型木器翻新透明面漆及其制备方法
US10184065B2 (en) 2013-05-30 2019-01-22 Dow Global Technologies Llc Aqueous composition
CN109971016A (zh) * 2017-12-28 2019-07-05 科思创德国股份有限公司 涂覆产品或制品及其制造方法

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US7240371B2 (en) * 2005-02-11 2007-07-10 Invista North America S.A.R.L. Solvent free aqueous polyurethane dispersions and adhesive films therefrom for stretch fabrics
US20090214795A1 (en) * 2005-06-28 2009-08-27 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Coating masses comprising 2,4'-diisocyanatodiphenylmethane

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US7135128B2 (en) * 2002-02-22 2006-11-14 Jowat Ag Polyurethane compositions with a low content of diisocyanate monomer(s)
US20070129525A1 (en) * 2004-04-08 2007-06-07 Holger Eichelmann Method for producing polyurethane prepolymers
US7240371B2 (en) * 2005-02-11 2007-07-10 Invista North America S.A.R.L. Solvent free aqueous polyurethane dispersions and adhesive films therefrom for stretch fabrics
US20090214795A1 (en) * 2005-06-28 2009-08-27 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Coating masses comprising 2,4'-diisocyanatodiphenylmethane

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013091209A1 (fr) * 2011-12-22 2013-06-27 Dow Global Technologies Llc Nouveau procédé pour la fabrication de dispersions hybrides de polyuréthane/acrylique réticulables
US9303181B2 (en) 2011-12-22 2016-04-05 Dow Global Technologies Llc Process for making crosslinkable polyurethane/acrylic hybrid dispersions
US9963613B2 (en) 2011-12-22 2018-05-08 Dow Global Technologies Llc Process for making crosslinkable polyurethane/acrylic hybrid dispersions
KR101874886B1 (ko) 2011-12-22 2018-07-05 다우 글로벌 테크놀로지스 엘엘씨 가교결합성 폴리우레탄/아크릴계 하이브리드 분산액의 새로운 제조 방법
CN103045151A (zh) * 2013-01-16 2013-04-17 广州奥翼电子科技有限公司 电子纸用胶黏剂、制备方法及其应用
CN103045151B (zh) * 2013-01-16 2015-02-11 广州奥翼电子科技有限公司 电子纸用胶黏剂、制备方法及其应用
US10184065B2 (en) 2013-05-30 2019-01-22 Dow Global Technologies Llc Aqueous composition
WO2016103283A1 (fr) 2014-12-23 2016-06-30 Council Of Scientific & Industrial Research Diisocyanates aromatiques d'origine biologique pour la préparation de polyuréthanes
CN106867383A (zh) * 2017-03-20 2017-06-20 合肥科天水性科技有限责任公司 一种水油通用型木器翻新透明面漆及其制备方法
CN109971016A (zh) * 2017-12-28 2019-07-05 科思创德国股份有限公司 涂覆产品或制品及其制造方法

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