WO2011121852A1 - 蒸気発生装置及びこれを用いたエネルギ供給システム - Google Patents
蒸気発生装置及びこれを用いたエネルギ供給システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011121852A1 WO2011121852A1 PCT/JP2010/071740 JP2010071740W WO2011121852A1 WO 2011121852 A1 WO2011121852 A1 WO 2011121852A1 JP 2010071740 W JP2010071740 W JP 2010071740W WO 2011121852 A1 WO2011121852 A1 WO 2011121852A1
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- heat
- steam
- high temperature
- transfer medium
- heat transfer
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S20/20—Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/006—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method using solar heat
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/10—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects
- H10N10/13—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects characterised by the heat-exchanging means at the junction
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a steam generator and an energy supply system using the same.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that a large number of heat transfer tubes to which heat is supplied are disposed, and the liquid supplied to the outer surface is evaporated to obtain steam.
- the high temperature steam is generated by high temperature combustion heat, and this is used for power generation.
- power generation by a conventional steam generator requires high temperature steam, a large amount of combustion heat is required for that purpose. As a result, the energy load is large and there is a problem in efficiency.
- an object of this invention is to provide the steam generation apparatus which can improve energy efficiency significantly, and an energy supply system using the same.
- the present invention comprises a high temperature chamber to which heat of 250 to 800 ° C. is supplied, a low temperature chamber adjacent to the high temperature chamber, which generates low temperature steam of 50 to 185 ° C. from water by the heat of the high temperature chamber, the high temperature chamber And a thermoelectric element disposed between the low temperature chamber and the low temperature chamber.
- thermoelectric element is disposed between the high temperature chamber and the low temperature chamber, power generation can be performed by the temperature difference between the high temperature chamber and the low temperature chamber. Therefore, in addition to the generation of steam, power can also be supplied. Therefore, the supplied heat can be used effectively.
- the steam generating apparatus of the present invention since the steam generating apparatus of the present invention generates low temperature steam at 50 to 185 ° C., it is not necessary to bear an energy burden by further heating the heat supplied from the external heat source.
- the conversion efficiency is higher as the temperature difference is larger in the thermoelectric generation, it is not necessary to generate steam having a temperature higher than necessary. Therefore, when generating low-temperature steam at 50 to 185 ° C. as in the present invention, most of the supplied thermal energy can be converted to effective electricity and steam for use. Thus, energy efficiency can be greatly improved.
- the thermoelectric element is generally maintenance free and does not generate noise or the like, clean energy can be supplied.
- the heat supplied to the high-temperature chamber is not particularly limited in the above-described steam generator, for example, it is preferable to supply a liquid heat transfer medium.
- the high temperature chamber can be constituted by a flow passage, to which a heat transfer medium can be supplied. Thereby, the heat of the high temperature chamber can be transferred to the low temperature chamber via the heat transfer medium.
- the heat transfer medium various fluids can be adopted, but for example, heat transfer medium such as molten salt, oil, etc. can be used.
- the heat transfer medium can be circulated by using a liquid heat transfer medium. That is, the heat transfer medium subjected to heat exchange processing in the high temperature chamber can be returned to the high temperature chamber after being heated by another heating device.
- the flow path inside a tubular member can be made into a high temperature chamber, and the exterior of a tubular member can be made into a low temperature chamber.
- the thermoelectric element can be attached to the outer surface or the inner wall surface of the tubular member.
- An energy supply system includes the above-described steam generation device, and a heat source supply device for supplying the heat transfer medium to the high temperature chamber.
- the heat transfer medium can be configured to circulate between the heat source supply device and the high temperature chamber, and the heat source supply device can heat the heat transfer medium returned from the high temperature chamber. can do. By so doing, the heat transfer medium can be used efficiently.
- the system may further include a heat exchange device to which low temperature steam is supplied and a heat exchange process using the low temperature steam is performed. Due to the large latent heat of steam, low temperature steam of 50 to 185 ° C. as in the present invention can be easily used for various applications such as heating, drying, evaporation and the like. Although various apparatuses can be mentioned as a heat exchange apparatus using low temperature steam
- thermoelectric element By the way, the electricity generated by the thermoelectric element can be used for various applications, for example, it can be supplied to a heat exchange device and used as electric power for driving this. Of course, power can also be supplied to devices outside the system.
- water can be generated from low temperature steam by heat exchange treatment, and this water can be supplied to the low temperature chamber of the steam generation device.
- low temperature steam can be circulated between the steam generator and the heat exchanger, effectively utilized, and energy efficiency can be further improved.
- the heat source supply device can generate heat by various methods, for example, it can be configured to use solar heat to thereby apply heat to the heat transfer medium.
- the environmental load can be significantly improved, and the stored natural energy can be effectively used without being released to the outside, thereby further improving the energy efficiency of the entire system.
- the heat source supply device includes a low temperature tank in which a heat transfer medium which has passed through a high temperature chamber of the steam generating apparatus is stored, and a solar heat collecting means for applying heat by solar heat to the heat transfer medium supplied from the low temperature tank.
- the heat transfer medium to which heat is applied by the solar heat collecting means may be stored, and the heat transfer medium may be supplied to the high temperature chamber of the steam generation apparatus.
- a heat exchanger that generates steam by heat exchange with a heat transfer medium supplied from a high temperature tank, a steam turbine driven by steam generated by the heat exchanger, and power generation driven by the steam turbine A machine can be further provided.
- large-scale power supply becomes possible. This makes it possible to simultaneously supply water, heat and electricity, which are basic social infrastructures.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a system of a first embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram of a system of a second embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram of a system of a third embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of this system.
- the energy supply system includes a steam generator 1 that generates water vapor, and a heat source supply device 2 that supplies heat thereto.
- the steam generated by the steam generator 1 is supplied to a seawater desalination device 3 that desalinates seawater.
- the steam generator 1 includes a housing 11, and a flow passage 12 through which a high-temperature heat transfer medium passes and a plurality of spray nozzles 13 for injecting water toward the flow passage 12 are provided therein.
- the flow path 12 is formed by connecting a plurality of pipe members 121 which extend in the vertical direction and are arranged in parallel. In this example, the upper end portion and the lower end portion of the adjacent pipe members 121 are alternately connected via the connection pipe 122 to form the flow path 12 which meanders in the vertical direction.
- the thermoelectric element module 4 is disposed on the surface of each tube member 121, which will be described later.
- the spray nozzles 13 are disposed above the respective pipe members 121, are connected to the supply pipes 14 extending from the outside of the housing 11, and can jet water evenly to the respective pipe members 121.
- the bottom of the housing 11 is a liquid reservoir 15 so that part of the water jetted from the spray nozzle 13 is accumulated.
- a discharge pipe 16 for discharging accumulated water is connected to the lower part of the housing 11, and the discharge pipe 16 is connected to the above-described supply pipe 14 via a circulation pump 17. Further, a steam duct 18 for discharging steam is provided at the top of the housing 11, and the steam duct 18 is connected to the seawater desalination apparatus 3.
- thermoelectric element module 4 will be described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the pipe member.
- the thermoelectric element module of this embodiment can use a well-known thing, an outline is as follows.
- the thermoelectric element modules 4 are provided on the surface of each tube member 121 along the axial direction, and the surface of the thermoelectric element modules 4 is covered with a heat transfer plate 5.
- an electrically insulating material 10 such as a ceramic is disposed between the thermoelectric element module 4 and the pipe member 121 and the heat transfer plate 5.
- the heat transfer plate 5 can be formed of, for example, a material having a high thermal conductivity, such as copper, aluminum, iron, a copper alloy, or a metal such as stainless steel.
- thermoelectric element modules 4 of the respective tube members 121 are connected in series by the lead wires 44 (see FIG. 1). That is, the thermoelectric element modules 4 of the adjacent pipe members 121 are connected in series to form a thermoelectric generation unit.
- the units are connected in series or in parallel, and both ends thereof are connected to the converter 7 outside the housing 11, and power can be supplied to the outside.
- thermoelectric conversion material which comprises the thermoelements 41 and 42
- materials constituting the p-type and n-type thermoelectric elements 41 and 42 can be used as materials constituting the p-type and n-type thermoelectric elements 41 and 42, depending on the temperature range, Bi-Te-based (low temperature range), skutterudite-based (medium temperature range) And materials composed of silicide materials (high temperature range) can be used.
- the performance of the thermoelectric conversion material which comprises the thermoelements 41 and 42 has temperature dependence, it is not necessarily preferable to convert a wide temperature range by one type of material. Therefore, a plurality of materials exhibiting high conversion efficiency in a predetermined temperature range can be used in combination.
- an optimal thermoelectric unit can be used for each cascade module in which a plurality of modules are stacked and for each temperature range. Whichever method is adopted, the temperature difference between the low temperature side and the high temperature side needs to be approximately 100 to 600 ° C., preferably 200 to 600 ° C.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of the heat source supply device.
- this heat-source supply apparatus 2 has the solar condensing heat-collection installation 21 which heats the heat-transfer medium A using sunlight B.
- a solar condensing heat collection installation a well-known trough type, Fresnel type, parabolic type, central receiver type, etc. are used.
- a tower type or a beam down type central receiver system is preferable for obtaining a higher temperature and a large amount of heat sources.
- a solar light collecting apparatus 21 of a beam down type central receiver type is shown.
- this solar condensing heat collection installation 21 has the heat collection part 211 and the heat collection pipe 212 which passes this.
- a central reflection plate 213 is provided above the heat collection portion 211, and light is reflected from the plurality of heliostats 214 provided on the ground surface toward the central reflection plate 213.
- the light from the heliostat 214 is intensively reflected from the central reflection plate 213 toward the heat collecting portion 211 and is irradiated to the heat collecting portion 211.
- the heat collecting tube 212 is formed of a known material having a high thermal conductivity, and transfers the heat of the light received by the heat collecting portion 211 to the heat transfer medium passing therethrough.
- molten salt, oil, etc. can generally be used as a heat-transfer medium.
- the downstream side of the heat collecting pipe 212 which has passed through the heat collecting portion 211 is connected to the high temperature tank 24 via the discharge pipe 23, and the high temperature tank 24 stores the heat transfer medium heated by the heat collecting portion 211.
- the high temperature tank 24 is connected to the upstream side of the flow path 12 of the steam generator 1 through the supply pipe 25 so that the stored heat transfer medium can be supplied to the steam generator 1 by the pump 26.
- the upstream side of the heat collecting pipe 212 which enters the heat collecting portion 211 is connected to the low temperature tank 28 via the supply pipe 27.
- the low temperature tank 28 is connected to the downstream portion of the flow path 12 of the steam generator 1 via the discharge pipe 29 so that the low temperature heat transfer medium from the discharge pipe 29 can be stored.
- the accumulated low temperature heat transfer medium can be supplied to the heat collection pipe 212 by the pump 20. Further, a bypass pipe 231 is provided between the pipes 23 and 25 so that the heat transfer medium can be supplied directly from the discharge pipe 23 to the supply pipe 25 without passing through the high temperature tank 24. Valves 232 and 271 are provided on the upstream side of the discharge pipe 23 and on the downstream side of the supply pipe 27, respectively, and can control the supply of the heat transfer medium to the heat collection unit 21.
- the seawater desalination apparatus 3 As this apparatus, a known apparatus that carries out desalination by an evaporation method such as multiple effect method (MED) or multistage flash method (MSF) can be used.
- the steam generating device 1 and the seawater desalination device 3 are connected via the steam duct 18, and the low temperature steam of 50 to 185 ° C. generated by the steam generating device 1 is a seawater desalination device Sent to 3 Then, the steam used in the desalination treatment is condensed, and the condensed water is introduced into the steam generator 1 through the supply pipe 14.
- MED multiple effect method
- MSF multistage flash method
- the heat transfer medium is supplied from the low temperature tank 28 to the heat collecting pipe 212 by the pump 20.
- the light reflected from the central reflection plate 213 toward the heat collecting portion 211 is transmitted to the heat collecting tube 212 as heat.
- the heat of the light is transferred to the heat transfer medium through the heat collecting tube 212 and heated.
- the heated heat transfer medium is stored in the high temperature tank 24 via the discharge pipe 23 and then supplied to the steam generator 1 by the pump 26.
- the temperature of the heat transfer medium to be supplied is, for example, preferably 250 to 800 ° C., and more preferably 450 to 650 ° C.
- the heat transfer medium may be supplied directly to the steam generator 1 via the bypass pipe 231 without being stored in the high temperature tank 24.
- the heat transfer medium discharged from the high temperature tank 24 is supplied to the upstream side of the flow passage 12 of the steam generator 1, passes through the flow passage 12, and is discharged to the outside of the housing 11.
- water is sprayed from the spray nozzle 13 toward the pipe member 121.
- This water is heated on the surface of the heat transfer plate 5 by the high-temperature heat transfer medium passing through the pipe member 121, becomes water vapor F, and flows out of the housing 1.
- a temperature difference occurs due to the high temperature heat transfer medium passing through the inside and the water injected to the outside of the pipe member 121.
- thermoelectric elements 41 and 42 provided on the surface of the pipe member 121, and a current flows to the converter 7. Then, this current is converted by the converter 7 to enable external power supply.
- the water accumulated at the bottom 15 of the housing 1 is discharged to the outside, returned to the supply pipe 14 by the circulation pump 17, and jetted again from the spray nozzle 13.
- the heat transfer medium having passed through the steam generating device 1 is stored in the low temperature tank 28 of the heat source supply device 2 via the discharge pipe 29.
- the temperature at this time is, for example, 200 to 300 ° C., although it depends on the specifications of the steam generator 1.
- the heat transfer medium stored in the low temperature tank 28 is again supplied to the heat collecting pipe 212 by the pump 20 as described above.
- the steam generated by the steam generation device 1 is supplied to the seawater desalination device 3 via the steam duct 18.
- This water vapor is a low temperature water vapor suitable for the seawater desalination apparatus 3 and is preferably, for example, 50 to 185 ° C.
- the seawater desalination apparatus 3 uses an ejector or the like, it is 140 to 185 ° C. preferable.
- the introduced seawater is treated by evaporation using the low-temperature steam to desalinate it. Then, the treated seawater is discharged and the generated fresh water is stored in a tank (not shown).
- the low temperature steam used for the desalination treatment is condensed in the seawater desalination apparatus 3 and is introduced into the supply pipe 14 of the steam generator 1 as condensed water.
- the feed pipe 14 is connected to the spray nozzle 13 and is used for the generation of water vapor.
- the temperature of the condensed water is preferably 60 to 130 ° C., for example.
- thermoelectric element module 4 is disposed on the surface of the pipe member 121, so that power generation is performed by the temperature difference between the heat transfer medium and water. it can. Therefore, in addition to the generation of steam, power can also be supplied. Therefore, the supplied heat can be used effectively. Moreover, since the heat source supply apparatus 2 supplied to the steam generating apparatus 1 utilizes solar heat, waste is not generated and the heat source supply apparatus 2 is clean. Furthermore, since the low-temperature heat transfer medium discharged from the steam generation device 1 is returned to the heat source supply device 2 and reused, the energy efficiency can be further improved.
- the low temperature steam used in the seawater desalination apparatus 3 is condensed to be condensed water and used in the steam generating apparatus 1.
- the energy efficiency is extremely high.
- thermoelectric conversion technology As a system for improving energy efficiency, various systems other than those using a steam generator have been proposed. For example, the FY 2007 results report of New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization A survey shown in FIG. 4 is disclosed in the survey on the next-generation thermoelectric conversion technology in the pages p127 to p128.
- This system is intended to reduce fuel consumption by performing thermoelectric generation from exhaust heat contained in exhaust gas of a car by using a thermoelectric element.
- the heat used in the thermoelectric generation indicated by Q H and Q L will be waste heat, and the heat of the exhaust gas indicated by Q OUT will also be waste heat. Therefore, it can not be said that energy efficiency is necessarily high.
- the heat removal efficiency from the heat source on the high temperature side is improved during steam generation, and a part of the heat transfer energy for steam generation is the thermoelectric element module It is directly converted to electrical energy by 4. Furthermore, the energy efficiency of the entire system is improved by effectively utilizing all the heat energy of the generated steam. Therefore, energy efficiency can be further improved over conventional systems.
- thermoelectric element module 4 is a module in which a large number of p-type and n-type thermoelectric elements 41 and 42 are connected in the same manner as described in the above embodiment.
- thermoelectric element module 4 is disposed between the heat transfer plates 61 and 62 and the thermoelectric element module 4.
- a single heat transfer module 6 in which the above-described members are integrated is formed.
- the surface of the heat transfer module 6 is formed with a supply port 63 communicating with the internal flow path, and an exhaust port 64.
- the heat transfer medium of high heat is supplied from the supply port 63 to the flow path in the module 6 and evaporation is performed on the surface of the low temperature heat transfer plate 62.
- power generation is performed in the thermoelectric element module 4 due to the temperature difference between the heat transfer plates 61 and 62.
- the heat transfer medium after the heat exchange is discharged from the discharge port 64.
- thermoelectric element module 4 although the electric power which generate
- Can when adopting a method other than the above-described steam method, for example, an apparatus using reverse osmosis (RO) as the seawater desalination apparatus 3, use the power of the thermoelectric element module 4 as its driving power.
- RO reverse osmosis
- the heat source supply device 2 can be applied to various devices other than the device using solar heat. That is, as long as it can supply heat to the steam generator 1, it is not particularly limited.
- combustion furnace exhaust gas generated from a combustion furnace such as a power plant boiler combustion gas, a biomass combustion furnace, or a waste combustion furnace, incinerator exhaust heat, etc. can be used.
- the steam generator 1 can also be in various forms other than those shown in the above embodiment. That is, in particular, it has a high temperature chamber to which high temperature heat is supplied and a low temperature chamber to which water is supplied adjacent thereto, and the thermoelectric element can be disposed between the high temperature chamber and the low temperature chamber. Is not limited. Therefore, the low temperature chamber may be directly heated from the high temperature chamber without using the heat transfer medium.
- the flow passage 12 through which the heat transfer medium flows is the high temperature chamber, and the internal space of the housing 11 that generates water vapor from water corresponds to the low temperature chamber.
- heat is applied to the heat transfer medium using the sunlight condensing facility 21.
- the system is operated even at night when the sunlight is not irradiated. Is possible.
- the valves 271 and 232 of the supply pipe 27 and the discharge pipe 23 are closed so that the heat transfer medium is not supplied to the heat collection unit 21.
- the heat transfer medium is supplied to the steam generator 1 from the high temperature tank 24 at night.
- the heat transfer medium having passed through the steam generator 1 is stored in the low temperature tank 28 at night.
- the low temperature tank 28 is preferably maintained at a temperature at which the heat transfer medium does not solidify.
- the high temperature tank it is preferable to maintain the high temperature tank at a high temperature as much as possible, but since the heat transfer medium may be decomposed if it is too high, it is preferable to maintain the temperature to such an extent that the heat transfer medium is not decomposed. Then, during a time zone in which sunlight can be used, the valves 271 and 232 are opened, heat is applied to the heat transfer medium by the sunlight condensing facility 21, and the operation of the system for 24 hours is performed as described above. It becomes possible.
- seawater desalination apparatus 3 was shown as an example using low-temperature steam produced
- apparatuses such as a chemical heat pump, and can be utilized also for uses, such as heating, drying, evaporation.
- FIG. 6 shows Example 1.
- This system is an application of a seawater desalination apparatus based on the multiple effect method (MED), and shows an example of a specific operating state of the system shown in FIG.
- a heat transfer medium of 500 ° C. is supplied from the heat source supply device using the solar condensing heat collection facility 100 to the steam generation device 101, and a heat transfer medium of 300 ° C. is returned. Further, water vapor at 175 ° C. is supplied from the steam generation device 101 to the seawater desalination device 102, and condensed water at 65 ° C. is returned.
- the heat quantity Q in supplied from the heat source supply device 100 to the seawater desalination device 102 becomes approximately 6 ⁇ 10 7 kcal / h.
- thermoelectric conversion is generated by the thermoelectric element X between the heat of 500 ° C. and the heat of 65 ° C., thereby generating power.
- a power E1 of 7000 kW is generated.
- 2000 kW is consumed for driving the seawater desalination apparatus (E3), and the remaining 5000 kW is supplied to the outside as surplus power E2.
- the seawater desalination apparatus 8000 t / h of seawater S1 is supplied, and while 1000 t / h of fresh water S3 is generated therefrom, 7000 t / h of seawater S2 is drained.
- the second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the seawater desalination apparatus 103 using reverse osmosis (RO) is used in addition to the MED seawater desalination apparatus 102.
- RO reverse osmosis
- 5000 kW of power E4 generated by the thermoelectric element module X is supplied to the RO seawater desalination apparatus 103, and desalination processing is performed to generate 1650 t / h of fresh water S4. There is.
- the seawater desalination apparatus 102 is suitable for continuous operation. Further, by incorporating the thermoelectric element X into the steam generating apparatus 101, power can be obtained with high efficiency, and at the same time, sufficient steam can be generated for the seawater desalination apparatus 102. In the system using steam turbine power generation that has been proposed conventionally, the maintenance requires a high level of skill, but by using the thermoelectric element X as in this embodiment, maintenance is free and it is highly efficient and desalinated Can be realized. Therefore, the application of the system of this embodiment to the seawater desalination plants 102 and 103 offers extremely high cost performance.
- FIG. 8 shows an integrated energy supply system capable of simultaneously supplying fresh water, heat and electricity by adding power generation equipment to the system shown in FIG. More specifically, this system comprises four units: a solar heat collecting unit U1, a seawater desalination unit U2, a thermal energy storage unit U3, and a steam turbine power generating unit U4.
- the solar heat collecting unit U1 is a solar condensing heat collecting facility 21 shown in FIG. 3
- the seawater desalination unit U2 is a facility based on the steam generating apparatus 1 and the seawater desalination apparatus 3 shown in FIG.
- the thermal energy storage unit U3 includes a low temperature tank 28 and a high temperature tank 24 shown in FIG. The relationship between these three units is as described above.
- a steam turbine power generation unit U4 for generating power is provided.
- the steam turbine power generation unit includes a known heat exchanger G1, a steam turbine G2, a generator G3, a condenser G4, and a cooling tower G5.
- the heat exchanger G1 is supplied with the high temperature heat transfer medium A from the high temperature tank 24 of the thermal energy storage unit U3, and supplies the high temperature steam subjected to heat exchange to the steam turbine G2. It is supposed to be.
- the high temperature steam rotates the turbine G2, and the rotational energy drives the generator G3.
- the electricity generated thereby is supplied to the outside through the general power transmission network G6.
- the steam used for the rotation of the turbine G2 is cooled in the condenser G4 and becomes a liquid and is sent to the heat exchanger G1.
- the liquid is heat exchanged with the high temperature heat transfer medium in the heat exchanger G1, and is sent to the steam turbine G2 as high temperature steam as described above.
- the high temperature heat transfer medium is sent to the low temperature tank 28 of the thermal energy storage unit U3 after heat exchange.
- the cooling water cooled with air in the cooling tower G5 is sent to the condenser G14, and the steam discharged
- a gas turbine engine using fossil fuel as a heat source can be additionally provided between the heat exchanger G1 and the steam turbine G2. If such a gas turbine engine is added, in addition to power generation by this, it is also possible to adopt a combined power generation system for raising the temperature of steam supplied to the steam turbine G2 and improving the overall efficiency.
- this energy supply system can supply electricity, water, and heat, which are social basic infrastructures. That is, as described above, the electricity E can be supplied by the steam turbine power generation unit U4, and the water W can be supplied from the seawater S0 by the seawater desalination unit U2. Also, the heat H can be supplied from the low temperature tank 28 or the high temperature tank 24 of the thermal energy storage unit U3. For example, a system capable of generating 200 MW of power can co-produce 1.5 billion kWh / y of electric power and 60 million m 3 / y of fresh water. This will meet 50,000 people's water demand and 250,000 people's electricity demand.
- the solar heat collecting unit U1 can collect light only during the daytime solar irradiation, but in order to operate the whole system continuously for 24 hours, it is designed to collect all the energy required during the solar radiation. That is, the energy per day necessary for the operation of the entire system is collected during the solar radiation time, and is temporarily stored in the high temperature tank 24 of the thermal energy storage unit U3. Then, at night, the heat transfer medium A stored in the high temperature tank 24 drives the seawater desalination unit U2 and the steam turbine power generation unit U4.
- electricity E, water W and heat H which are basic social infrastructures, can be supplied completely without CO 2 emissions. And such generated energy can be used in the living environment such as heating, heating and cooking as well as industries such as mining, agriculture, aquaculture and mining.
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Abstract
Description
図6は、実施例1を示している。このシステムは、多重効用法(MED)による海水淡水化装置を適用したものであり、図1で示したシステムの具体的な稼働状態の例を示している。太陽集光集熱設備100を利用した熱源供給装置から蒸気発生装置101へは、500℃の伝熱媒体が供給され、300℃の伝熱媒体が戻されている。また、蒸気発生装置101から海水淡水化装置102へは175℃の水蒸気が供給され、65℃の凝縮水が戻されている。これにより、熱源供給装置100から海水淡水化装置102へ供給される熱量Qinは、約6×107kcal/hとなる。そして、蒸気発生装置101では、500℃の熱と、65℃の熱との間で熱電素子Xにより熱電変換が生じ、発電が行われる。これにより7000kWの電力E1が生成される。このうち、2000kWが海水淡水化装置の駆動に消費され(E3)、のこりの5000kWが余剰電力E2として外部に供給される。海水淡水化装置では、8000t/hの海水S1が供給され、これから1000t/hの淡水S3が生成されるとともに、7000t/hの海水S2が排水される。
実施例2が実施例1と相違するのは、MED海水淡水化装置102に加え、逆浸透法(RO)を用いる海水淡水化装置103を利用している点である。具体的には、図7に示すように、熱電素子モジュールXで発生した5000kWの電力E4を、RO海水淡水化装置103へ供給し、1650t/hの淡水S4を生成する淡水化処理を行っている。
上述したエネルギ供給システムでは、熱電素子により電気を発生させているが、例えば、別個に発電設備を設けることで、大規模な発電を行うこともできる。図8は図1に示すシステムに、発電設備を加えることで、淡水、熱、及び電気を同時に供給できる総合的なエネルギ供給システムを示している。より詳細に説明すると、このシステムは、4つのユニット、つまり太陽光集熱ユニットU1、海水淡水化ユニットU2、熱エネルギ貯留ユニットU3、及びスチームタービン発電ユニットU4で構成されている。太陽光集熱ユニットU1は、図3に示す太陽集光集熱設備21であり、海水淡水化ユニットU2は、図1に示す蒸気発生装置1及び海水淡水化装置3を基本とした設備である。また、熱エネルギ貯留ユニットU3は、図3に示す低温タンク28及び高温タンク24を備えている。これら3つのユニットの関係は、上述したとおりである。そして、これら3つのユニットに加え、発電を行うためのスチームタービン発電ユニットU4が設けられている。
11 ハウジング(低温室)
12 流路(高温室)
2 熱源供給装置
21 太陽集光集熱設備(太陽光集熱手段)
3 海水淡水化装置
4 熱電素子モジュール
41,42 熱電素子
Claims (11)
- 250~800℃の熱が供給される高温室と、
前記高温室と隣接し、当該高温室の熱によって水から50~185℃の低温水蒸気を生成する低温室と、
前記高温室と低温室との間に配置される少なくとも1つの熱電素子と、
を備えている、蒸気発生装置。 - 前記高温室は、伝熱媒体が通過する流路により構成され、
前記伝熱媒体を介して前記高温室の熱が前記低温室に伝達される、請求項1に記載の蒸気発生装置。 - 請求項2に記載の蒸気発生装置と、
前記伝熱媒体を前記高温室に供給する熱源供給装置と、
を備えている、エネルギ供給システム。 - 前記伝熱媒体は、前記熱源供給装置と高温室との間を循環するように構成され、
前記熱源供給装置は、前記高温室から戻された前記伝熱媒体を加熱可能となっている、請求項3に記載のエネルギ供給システム。 - 前記低温水蒸気が供給され、当該低温水蒸気を用いた熱交換処理が行われる熱交換装置をさらに備えている、請求項2から4のいずれかに記載のエネルギ供給システム。
- 前記熱電素子で発生した電気は、前記熱交換装置に供給される、請求項5に記載のエネルギ供給システム。
- 前記熱交換装置は、熱交換処理により前記低温水蒸気から水を生成し、当該水が前記蒸気発生装置の低温室に供給される、請求項5または6に記載のエネルギ供給システム。
- 前記熱交換装置は、海水を淡水化する海水淡水化装置である、請求項5から7のいずれかに記載のエネルギ供給システム。
- 前記熱源供給装置は、太陽熱によって前記伝熱媒体に熱を付与する、請求項3から8のいずれかに記載のエネルギ供給システム。
- 前記熱源供給装置は、
前記蒸気発生装置の高温室を通過した前記伝熱媒体が貯留される低温タンクと、
前記低温タンクから供給される前記伝熱媒体に太陽熱を付与する太陽光集熱手段と、
前記太陽光集熱手段により熱が付与された前記伝熱媒体が貯留され、前記蒸気発生装置の高温室に当該伝熱媒体を供給する高温タンクと
を備えている、請求項3から8のいずれかに記載のエネルギ供給システム。 - 前記高温タンクから供給される伝熱媒体との熱交換によって水蒸気を生成する熱交換器と、
前記熱交換器により生成される水蒸気によって駆動するスチームタービンと、
前記スチームタービンにより駆動する発電機と
をさらに備えている、請求項10に記載のエネルギ供給システム。
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JP2013128333A (ja) | 2013-06-27 |
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