WO2011120511A2

WO2011120511A2 - Construction system with large parts fabricated on site

Info

Publication number: WO2011120511A2
Application number: PCT/DE2011/000352
Authority: WO
Inventors: Horst Schramm
Original assignee: Horst Schramm
Priority date: 2010-03-31
Filing date: 2011-03-29
Publication date: 2011-10-06
Also published as: DE102010013512A1; WO2011120511A3

Abstract

The invention relates to a construction system with large parts fabricated and lying on site, having a mounting device, hereafter referred to as a central lifter, characterized in that a mechanically operated block and tackle known per se, having at least one roller block is fixed to the upper end of a mast, the bottom of which stands in a hole in the interior of the part to be lifted, or is fixed to an elongated body, such as a lattice girder, and the lower rollers of which are distributed to at least one roller block.

Description

Construction system with locally produced large parts

Document contemplated: EP 85 1163-2312

In construction concrete has almost universal applications. Costly, however, are the formwork for in-situ concrete as well as factories, transport and connections

Finished parts.

It is known that one can cast precast locally lying on existing components. As a release agent can be e.g. Use foils or whiting. The larger the parts, the more economical they are because they require less edge formwork and continuous reinforcing steels are better than joints. If one takes as a size limit the distances of shrinkage and expansion joints or the house floor plan to get on weights for which conventional hoist is insufficient, since the lifting capacity decreases with the interpretation. The solution is a hoist that works without design, that means inside a part. In the following, it is called central lifter. This leads to two conditions: a. The central lifter must be light enough to handle with preferably hand-operated

Aids over areas that can only carry man load, to be brought to the site.

b. Since the parts are only limited transportable because of their size, they must be prefabricated in stacks because of the curing times.

Depending on the task, there are several variants of

Central lifter.

In the following only devices are described, the lifting force is generated by pulleys. In principle, however, other devices, e.g.

Hydraulics, snails, climbing machines, etc. conceivable. These devices do not change the principle of construction and are claimed.

Fig. 1 shows a central lifter 1 for external walls. These walls are preferably made of supporting and stiffening main ribs, non-supporting side ribs and unreinforced plate mirrors. They are completed with drywall. It is a pulley, the upper rollers are fixed to a head 2 and the lower rollers on two clamps 3. The head 2 is attached to a mast 5, which may consist of several parts. The drive, preferably consisting of gear motor and cable drum is housed in a drive unit 6, which is rotatably mounted on a foot 7 in such a way that the central lifter can tilt transversely to the cable plane by 45 °. In rope level, it must allow slight tilting.

[3] To minimize friction, the rollers preferably have roller bearings.

Between the stop means 10 and 3 cocks are spacers 9 whose length must be roughly adjustable in such a way that the Klobenweüe is received by a safety gear 8. The rope 4 must constantly be guided so that it does not pass through

Twists is damaged. For this purpose, the safety gears 8 are provided, which rest during operation by means of a crossbar on the ropes. When reaching the end position, the spacers are released. The rope is now stretched further.

The safety gears move while in the upper position. (Fig. 1b)

For geometric reasons, the center lifter is unstable at the beginning of the rope level lifting process. You can use it so that it weakly wants to dodge in one direction.

With the help of a winch 11 it is held vertically.

By the two lower block, the central lifter already includes a traverse, which distributes the force to two points. In principle, you could split the cocks 3 and distribute the force to as many points as rolls. In practice, this is not possible because you can not control the distribution of force because it changes during lifting, and

Safety gears are problematic.

For needs-based further power distribution traverses gem. Fig. 2. Shown is the example of an outer wall, in which the force may only attack on the ribs.

According to the weight distribution of the wall there is a force application point 16. The traverse 19 has a mast 21, at the foot of the intermediate piece 9 engages such that it is located between two tension members 23. Through holes with pins 24, the correct distance to the force application point 19 is set. A tension element 22 whose length is infinitely adjustable transmits the force to point 17. The connection points must be rotatable, since the cable level rotates 45 ° relative to the wall. By the height of the mast 21 can vary the horizontal component of the force at the points 17, 18.

The attachment points can be commercially available devices, such as the company Pfeifer with additional elements for power deflection in the concrete or special claws. (Description below). Interior walls as apartment partitions must be so thick for acoustic reasons that they can often be made of computationally unreinforced concrete or masonry. For erecting therefore requires a traverse that overpresses the tensile stresses occurring during erection. According to FIG. 21, this is to be achieved by the fact that the horizontal deflecting forces which occur during the oblique force application of stop means are sufficient for this purpose. (In principle, it is also possible with known screw clamps.) Claw pairs 50, 50a whose distance is infinitely adjustable, engage the lower edge of the wall from below and to the side. To generate the necessary horizontal force, the lifting force must engage tightly over the wall surface. For large wall heights, at least one additional force application element 51 may be necessary. The position of the load hook 52 determines the force distribution. Fig. 21a shows a possible distribution of the claws on a wall.

The corner claws 50b also provide pressure in the longitudinal direction of the wall.

[7] So that the bottom edges of walls are not overloaded when erecting you can see steel bearings. Steel bearing 12 transmits power with multi-section bolts; at camp 13, the Hertzian pressure is used.

[8] FIG. 1 d shows a variant of a straightening process. Exterior walls and roof are made in a stack 14. First raise the roof to an oblique position, brace it and erect the first end wall. Both are connected and stiffened with inclined supports 15. Then set up the other side, brace and erect the second transverse wall. Finally, the side walls follow.

[9] A central lift for single-family houses with a lifting capacity of 150 kN weighs approx. 3 kN and is 6m long. For transport, you can remove the mast 5 (Fig. 3) and connect head 2 and drive unit 6 and hang under a cart 24. The cart runs on four brake and steerable castors. A pair of rollers is rotatably connected to the cart so that unevenness of the pad are balanced and the load distribution remains uniform.

To set up you need a small lifter 25 (Fig. 4). Gem.5 Fig lifts the central lifter 1 first in an inclined position and supports it. Then you drive the cart 24 underneath, brakes the castor wheels ballastiert him and connects him with rods 26 with the central lifter 1. The small lifter 25 is placed on the cart and rotatably connected. Now you can bring the central lift to the final position. Carts and central lifters form a rigid unit in this state. You can drive them after erection of a wall to the next Aufrichtstelle.

A flying column with two men can transport all the necessary equipment on a car trailer.

The described central lifter for exterior walls is sufficient for detached houses and

Terraced houses, because you can perform the interior design advantageous in drywall. For multi-storey buildings, continuous ceilings are required. Fig. 6, 7 show the task: There are also variants possible in which several floors are built in a construction phase. Here the simplest one-storey variant is described.

The stack has bottom inside walls 29 and above a floor ceiling 28. A ceiling part is limited only by shrinkage or expansion joints. Since the walls 29 are insufficient to support the ceiling, they are replaced by filling members 30, e.g. Hard foam added. To define the position you need at least three lifters and lateral guidance. Central lifter 1 a raise the ceiling 28 at. Then, an inner wall lifter 1b sets up the load-bearing walls 29 and the ceiling is discharged onto the walls. Stiffening walls are later manufactured and erected. The safety factor is 2.1. The lifters have at least two independently operating drives. As additional security, hard foam blocks 31 can be post-stacked during lifting. As the lifting power - about 400 kN - during the

Lifting process remains constant, upper and lower roller joint 3 a must be arranged vertically above each other. The mast 5a stands with the interposition of a soft centering on the substrate.

Drive units 32 are arranged next to the mast at a distance that the allowable according to the rules of rope technology inlet angle are not exceeded.

For transport purposes you can fold it up.

[1 1] Lifting: First, claws 33 are mounted in not-shown recesses on the hole left out for the lifter. Now you put the jack open, connect it with the claws and operate the drive units so far that the ropes are stretched.

The lower rollers are housed in a box with pedestal 35. Then a unilaterally open lattice mast 34 is placed. It preferably consists of two light I-beams, which are connected according to the rules for lattice towers. Above he has a plate with hooks 36, which point approximately in the direction of the attachment points. (Fig. 9) The connection to the attachment points is made by infinitely adjustable tie rods 37. (Fig. 11) They have a head 38 which can be hung slightly rotatable on the hooks 36. The rough length adjustment is done with holes and pin. The fine adjustment with a screw 40, which can be operated with a cordless screwdriver 42. To protect the screw 40 can provide a cladding tube 43. However, it should suffice if the screws are screwed completely into the parts 39 during transport. At the bottom of a claw 41 can be attached. But you can also with conventional slings

Use additional device for power diversion. This not shown

Additional devices are steel parts, which are preferably screwed to the screw of the sling and reduce the pressure to the extent allowed for concrete. The corresponding shapes must be prefabricated during concreting.

[12] Fig. 12 shows the erection of the inner walls 29. To keep the lift hole small, the drive units are attached to the head 2. The Traverse attacks with a claw in the siphon hole.

For transport one uses a small lifter 25a, which stands on three wheels. (Fig. 13) First, he takes the lattice mast 34. Then he pulls, the central lifter upwards. As the claws 33 still grip, the upper and lower rollers are pulled apart again. After loosening the claws and the lifter can be forwarded. With two small lifts swift transfer of the central lifter is possible.

[13] The designs described so far require a flat surface, e.g. a cleanliness layer. They are therefore suitable for conventional building plots.

The needs in metropolitan areas, however, are aimed at building without landscape consumption, ie the overbuilding of used areas, such as streets or halls. The ones known here

Procedures are expensive. With the present method, one can build inexpensive, earthquake-proof and building physics flawlessly.

According to Fig. 14, there are lifter without mast, in which one fixes the upper rollers distributed on a wall or other elongate member on several roles packages. For wall lifts lc you can distribute the lower rollers on at least two packages, in ceiling lifts ld only on a package.

The method is based on a variant acc. Fig. 15 are sketched. A road with residential buildings and a buffer level 49 is built over. The dividing walls 48 are designed as carriers to which the buffer level 49 is attached. Fig. 16 shows the operation of a subsequent to a finished construction section

Section. A lattice girder 45 bridges the area to be covered. To him a formwork 46 is attached, which hangs at its other end on the finished building part. He stands on the foundations 47 and can be lowered by slight lowering on rollers and moved on. On the formwork, a ceiling in cast-in-situ concrete, then a further ceiling and a partition wall 48 is poured. (Support yokes and formwork overshoots will not be discussed here.) Two lifter rows ld are attached to cantilevers of the lattice mast 45. They lift ceiling and partition together. The ceiling is connected on one side with the existing structure, supported on the other side down. Now set up the wall 48 with the lifters lc and hang both blankets on it. Together with stiffeners, not shown, a stable working basis is created.

The lattice mast is now moved to the new working position.

The lattice girder with its additional parts represents a variant of the central lifter.

When overbuilding halls, there are changes which can be derived directly from the described method. They are not described, but are claimed.

[15] Further details.

The variant described allows for superstructures without disturbing the built-up area.

Where minor disturbances are allowed, there is a simpler procedure. Fig. 17 shows an example of the superstructure of a road, railway system and the like. The fault is that you put between lanes supports 56 on which one

Initial formwork 57 attached. Then you concreted in the stack, a lower ceiling and an upper ceiling 61 which is raised in a known manner and supported by mounting brackets 59. Then you concreted a wall 63 and the next ceiling 64, which you erect. The parts 61, 63, 64 are connected to a carrier, to which the lower ceiling is suspended by means of tension elements 62.

The speed of work can be increased by connecting the lower ceiling and the ceiling 61 to a self-supporting element with the aid of mounting columns 60 and 62 so that the formwork 57 can be moved on to the next working position. After renewed support of the self-supporting element on the ground you can continue building.

In the final state, a living area and a buffer level, which is attached to the living area. It can be used flexibly, since no diagonal elements disturb. [16] Overbuilding of halls.

The overbuilding of industrial areas with halls and open-air areas offers particularly high synergy effects, since development measures are already in place, the halls are protected against the climate by the overbuilding and greening measures of the development from barren industrial areas make green hills. Keyword: Restructuring.

For hall roofs one can count on 1 kN / m ^A 2 load capacity and man load of 1 kN. This is enough to gem. Fig. 18 concrete truss 65 to make lying. Since the roofs are not flat and also have superstructures, the formwork must be load- and

Have height compensation options. For weight reasons, the Zugpost are only made of steel. They will be fire protected later.

Halls are carried by parallel rows of columns and thereby divided into ships. Columns and foundations have to be reinforced. In order to disturb the operation in the hall as little as possible, the roof is first opened between the end of the hall and the first support and set up a narrow shelter as possible from above. In the existing concrete floor, a slit is sawn in and with the help of electric hammers the concrete and the underlying soil are loosened.

A mini crane, which is initially attached to the hall edge and continues with construction progress, helps to remove the excavated material. Under the hall floor, the foundation room is brought to the required width. If necessary, you can prevent fractures in the hall floor with lost concrete columns.

Foundations 67 and support posts can now be made and you move on a section.

Starting at the edge of the hall, the truss girders 65 are erected one after the other.

In this case, the lifter is supported in each case on the already erected carrier. The upper

Cover is made conventionally. (Stiffeners are not shown.)

Every second hall ship is overbuilt this way. Between the superstructures attached now composable truss 66, wearing an initial formwork 68.

In the simplest case, a ceiling and a wall 63 in the stack are produced thereon. At the

Hall edge is still an outside wall added. The lifter is supported by restraints 69. After erection, the top cover is made conventionally.

You now have the basis to continue building as you know. The hall roof is now supported by tension elements 62. (Fig. 20) The reinforcement of the hall roof is made by known composite methods.

Thus, all occurring variants of superstructures are described.

While erecting exterior walls generally has a window hole in which the lifter can stand, this is not the case with internal walls, and one must like to leave open a hole in Fig. 1a which will be closed later. Gem. Fig. 22 can be avoided by a type of lift, which works with the known principle used when erecting masts: A mast 53, the tip of which is connected to the wall 29 to be lifted, is by a tackle 54 of the top of the mast and fixed to the bottom of a beam 55, such that the wall 29 is lifted. What is needed is a counterweight, eg a pre-erected wall 29a. Mast 53 and beams 54 are rotatably connected to each other, the adjustment need not be stepless. The foot of the wall 29 is gem gem. Fig. Lc secured against lateral displacement, secured against overloading and moving. The pulley has safety devices gem. Fig. Ib. Since the lifting principle is not applicable to all walls, it still requires an inner wall lifter, which can also lift the first, acting as a counterweight wall 29a.

"Building system with locally made

Large parts "

Horst Schramm, Tel. 089 8126665,

Applicant No. 01585541

List of reference numbers

1 central lifter

2 head 31 blocks

3 block 32 drive unit

4 rope 33 claw

5 mast 34 lattice mast

6 Drive unit 35 pedestal

7 feet

8 catcher 36 hooks

9 intermediate piece 37 Anschuss

10 stop 38 head

11 winch 39 coarse adjustment

16 force attack 40 screw

17 41 claw

18 42 Cordless screwdriver

19 traverse 43 sheath

20 pushrod 50 claw

21 mast 51 force attack

22 tension element 52 load hook

23 "53 mast

24 carts 54 pulley

25 small lifter 55 bars

26 pole 56 post

27 outer wall 57 Formwork

28 ceiling 58 support

29 Inner wall 59 Mounting support

30 rigid foam 60 inclined support

61 ceiling

62 tension element

63 wall

64 blanket

65 truss bearer

66 Formwork framework

67 foundation

68 initial formwork

69 support

Claims

Claims.

1. Building system with locally produced large parts with a mounting device - hereinafter referred to as central lifter - characterized in that a per se known mechanically operated pulley with at least one Rollenenkloben - or another lifting element, such as. Hydraulic or auger with upper load application point - at the upper end of a mast whose foot is in a hole in the interior of the part to be lifted or on an elongated body, e.g. Lattice girder is attached

and whose lower rollers are distributed on at least two roller blocks.

2. Central lifter according to claim 1, characterized in that a traverse distributes the power of a lower roller pivot on at least two points of attack, in turn, from conventional slings, special claws and-or from ferrules, the

If tensile forces exert pressure, such that the force acts on the foot of a rope plane located at the cable level and rotatable by 45 ° relative to the part to be lifted, between the force application points, and its distance to a point in steps, e.g. through pin and hole, and to the other point is infinitely adjustable.

3. Central lifter according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower roller blocks in a common guide box, which comprises the mast and a pedestal to

Power transmission, are guided and that on this pedestal a pressure element, e.g. a lattice mast can be provided, which has at its upper end hooks from which distribute in its length continuously adjustable tension elements to any number of points of the part to be lifted.

4. Central lifter according to claim 1, that in a conventional manner a mast at the head of a pulley 54 engages and from which the force is distributed in the manner described above on the workpiece to the desired lifting angle is rotated.

A center lifter according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper rollers are mounted on an elongated body, e.g. a lattice girder are distributed.

6. Construction method according to claim 1 and 3, characterized in that one produces supporting walls and the ceiling of a projectile in a stack on the ceiling of the underlying projectile, then lifts the ceiling and erects the walls.

7. Construction method according to claim 1 and 5, characterized in that gem. Fig. 16 at least one formwork 46 on one side to a support 45, on the other side to a previous construction section or initially to another support 45 attaches, pours on it and mounted with the central lift.

8. Construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that one on one

slidable supported on the ground initial formwork two ceilings in a pile concreted, the upper ceiling lifts and connects both ceilings by mounting posts to a self-supporting element in such a way that continuation of the formwork and renewed support are possible.

9. A construction method according to claim 1 and 8, characterized in that on a surface of low bearing capacity half-timbered parts preferably made in mixed construction of concrete and steel lying and erected one after the other in such a way that the lifter is supported in each case on the previously erected part, and that these parts are static

Basis for fastening for months frameworks, on which an initial formwork is launched serves.