WO2011116623A1 - 低熵轮机 - Google Patents

低熵轮机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011116623A1
WO2011116623A1 PCT/CN2011/000415 CN2011000415W WO2011116623A1 WO 2011116623 A1 WO2011116623 A1 WO 2011116623A1 CN 2011000415 W CN2011000415 W CN 2011000415W WO 2011116623 A1 WO2011116623 A1 WO 2011116623A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
shaft
power
stationary
housing
low
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/000415
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
靳北彪
Original Assignee
Jin Beibiao
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Jin Beibiao filed Critical Jin Beibiao
Publication of WO2011116623A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011116623A1/zh

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D1/00Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines
    • F01D1/32Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with pressure velocity transformation exclusively in rotor, e.g. the rotor rotating under the influence of jets issuing from the rotor, e.g. Heron turbines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D1/00Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines
    • F01D1/02Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor, e.g. multi-bladed impulse steam turbines
    • F01D1/06Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor, e.g. multi-bladed impulse steam turbines traversed by the working-fluid substantially radially
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D1/00Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines
    • F01D1/34Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines characterised by non-bladed rotor, e.g. with drilled holes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of engines, and in particular to a high efficiency machine.
  • a low-entropy turbine comprising at least one power shaft and at least one stationary shaft, wherein the power shaft and the stationary shaft are alternately fitted and arranged, and a power sealing housing and a stationary sealing housing are provided, the power sealing housing And the stationary sealing housing is arranged in an alternately fitted manner in a mutual set order of the power shaft and the stationary shaft, the power shaft is sealingly connected with the power sealing housing, the stationary shaft and the stationary sealing shell a body sealing connection, a power guiding channel is arranged on the power sealing housing, and a static guiding channel is arranged on the stationary sealing housing;
  • a seal housing of the innermost layer of the dynamic seal housing and the stationary seal housing is set as a minimum seal housing, and a seal housing of the outermost one of the dynamic seal housing and the stationary seal housing Body Set to the largest sealed housing.
  • the low entropy turbine includes at least two power shafts and at least two stationary shafts.
  • a plurality of said power shafts are interconnected by a differential to achieve self-adjustment of flux between stages of said low entropy turbine.
  • the minimum sealed housing is in communication with a working fluid outlet of the combustion chamber, the inlet of the combustion chamber is in communication with a source of compressed air; or the minimum sealed housing is in communication with a source of high pressure working fluid.
  • the power flow conduit or the static flow conduit on the largest sealed housing is in communication with a fluid source, the minimum seal housing being in communication with a high pressure fluid outlet passage.
  • a filling body is disposed in the minimum sealed casing, the minimum sealing casing and the filling body constitute a structural body, and the power guiding channel or the static guiding channel on the minimum sealing casing is configured as a structure a body guiding channel, a structural working medium channel is disposed in the structure body, and an axial working medium channel is disposed in the power shaft or the stationary shaft sealingly connected to the minimum sealed casing, and the structural body guide
  • the flow channel is in communication with the structural fluid channel
  • the structural fluid channel is in communication with the axial working fluid channel
  • the axial working fluid channel is in communication with the high pressure working fluid source.
  • a power shaft gear is disposed on all of the power shafts, each of the power shaft gears is coupled to the linkage shaft via a linkage gear, and all of the linkage gears disposed on the same linkage shaft are equal in diameter; or at all A power shaft gear is disposed on the power shaft, and each of the power shaft gears is connected to the linkage shaft via a linkage gear, and a diameter of some or all of the linkage gears disposed on the same linkage shaft is set to be unequal.
  • a reversing gear is disposed between the power shaft gear and the linkage gear.
  • a built-in interlocking idler gear is disposed in a wall of the stationary shaft, and an outer ring gear is disposed on the power shaft adjacent to the stationary shaft, and the power shaft adjacent to the stationary shaft An inner ring gear is provided, and the inner interlocking idler gear meshes with the outer ring gear and the inner ring gear, respectively.
  • a flux adjustment shaft is disposed between the adjacent power shaft and the stationary shaft, and a flux adjustment sealing housing is disposed between the adjacent power sealing housing and the stationary sealing housing.
  • a flux adjustment guide passage is disposed on the flux adjustment seal housing, the flux adjustment shaft and the flux adjustment seal housing are sealingly connected, and a phase adjustment mechanism is disposed on the flux adjustment shaft.
  • auxiliary power shaft and/or at least one auxiliary stationary shaft in the structure in which the auxiliary power shaft and the auxiliary stationary shaft are simultaneously provided, the auxiliary power shaft And the auxiliary stationary shaft is arranged in an alternately fitted manner according to a mutual set order of the power shaft and the stationary shaft, and the auxiliary power shaft is sealingly connected to another side of the power sealing housing corresponding to the same,
  • the auxiliary stationary shaft is sealingly connected to the other side of the stationary sealing housing corresponding thereto; in a knot provided with only the plurality of the auxiliary power shafts or only a plurality of the auxiliary stationary shafts,
  • the auxiliary power shaft or the auxiliary stationary shaft is alternately fitted in a mutual set order of the power shaft or the stationary shaft, and the auxiliary power shaft and the other side of the power seal housing corresponding thereto are sealed Connecting, the auxiliary stationary shaft is sealingly connected to the other side of the stationary sealing housing corresponding thereto;
  • the auxiliary power shaft is fixedly coupled to all of the power sealing housings, and the auxiliary power shaft and all of the stationary sealing shells a body sliding fit arrangement; or the auxiliary stationary shaft is fixedly coupled to all of the stationary sealing housings, the associated stationary shaft being slidably engaged with all of the power sealing housings.
  • All of the power shafts are fixedly connected to each other at the ends and/or all of the stationary shafts are fixedly connected to each other at the ends.
  • Part or all of the power sealing housing is set as a moving blade, and the power guiding channel is formed as a passage formed between two adjacent moving blades, that is, the power sealing housing and the power guiding channel are formed.
  • a moving blade assembly part or all of the stationary sealing housing is set as a vane, and the stationary guiding channel is formed as a passage formed between two adjacent vanes, that is, the stationary sealing housing and the The stationary flow guiding channel constitutes a vane assembly.
  • At least two of said low-entropy turbines are provided, wherein at least one of said low-entropy turbines is set to a power turbine and the remainder is set to a compressor, said power shaft of said power turbine being coupled to said power shaft of said compressor.
  • a working medium introduction passage on the minimum sealed casing of the power turbine is in communication with a working fluid outlet of the combustion chamber, and a high pressure gas outlet passage on the minimum sealed casing of the compressor is coupled to the combustion chamber The air inlet is connected.
  • the high pressure gas outlet passage is bypassed, and the bypass is in communication with the compressed gas use mechanism.
  • the power shaft or the stationary shaft corresponding to the maximum sealed casing is set as a maximum shaft, and a working medium recovers a sealed casing at a periphery of the maximum sealed casing, and the working fluid recovers the sealed casing and Maximum axis a sealing fit arrangement, a working medium recovery passage is disposed on the working medium recovery sealing shell, and an outlet of the working medium recovery passage is connected with a working medium inlet of the condenser or a reflux heat exchanger and then the condenser The working medium inlet is connected, the heated working fluid outlet of the reflux heat exchanger or the working medium outlet of the condenser is connected with the working fluid inlet of the high pressure pump, and the working medium is pressurized by the high pressure pump and then heated by the heating gasification device. After that, it constitutes a high-pressure working source.
  • Some or all of the power shaft and the power sealing housing are set to be equal in diameter, and some or all of the stationary shaft and the stationary sealing housing are set to be equal in diameter.
  • the so-called turbine of the present invention includes a flow guiding channel type power machine that converts energy of a fluid medium into mechanical energy, that is, a power type turbine such as a steam turbine or a gas turbine, and also includes energy for converting mechanical energy into a fluid medium.
  • Turbocharged turbines such as liquid pumps, air compressors, etc.
  • the so-called diversion channel refers to the working medium channel between the two blades and the fluid passage in the form of injection holes, etc., and the fluid generates a driving force when flowing in the flow guiding channel; the so-called dynamic fluid passage is provided on the dynamic sealing shell.
  • the flow guiding channel the so-called static flow guiding channel, refers to a guiding channel provided on the stationary sealing shell.
  • the dynamic sealing shell and the power guiding channel act as the moving blades in the steam turbine and the gas turbine; after the power guiding channel is arranged on the stationary sealing shell, the stationary sealing shell and the stationary
  • the function of the flow guiding channel is equivalent to the vane in the steam turbine and the gas turbine.
  • the so-called turbine of the present invention may be a single-stage turbine or a multi-stage turbine.
  • the so-called low-energy machine of the present invention means that, as described in the technical background, in a conventional turbine, a part of the working medium enters the lower stage of the turbine or enters the exit of the turbine without external work, thus seriously increasing The entropy increment of this process increases the degree of entropy increase and reduces the efficiency.
  • the low-entropy turbine of the present invention controls the flow of the working fluid through a more scientific and orderly manner, so that all of them perform external work through the diversion channel. , thereby improving the efficiency of the turbine.
  • the structure referred to in the present invention means a structural member having a certain shape.
  • the so-called structural flow guiding channel of the present invention refers to a fluid passage provided on the structural body.
  • the so-called dynamic sealing case or stationary sealing case of the present invention refers to a casing which is sealed except for a passage or the like provided thereon, which is explicitly mentioned in the present invention. It is a common casing or a combination of blades formed by a combination of buckets or vanes, the so-called buckets and vanes being quoted in the concept of a steam turbine or a gas turbine.
  • the working medium in the so-called working medium source of the present invention includes steam, gas and the like.
  • the so-called power shaft of the present invention includes both a power input shaft and a power output shaft.
  • the so-called innermost layer and outermost layer of the present invention refers to an alternating set of layers between the power shaft and the stationary shaft or between the dynamic seal shell and the stationary seal shell, and is set at the innermost portion (for example, a regular diameter exists) In the case of the smallest diameter, the innermost layer is the outermost layer (for example, in the case of a regular diameter, the largest diameter) is the outermost layer.
  • the phase adjustment mechanism of the present invention refers to a mechanism that can rotate the flux adjustment shaft according to the control requirement to realize phase adjustment; when the phase adjustment of the flux adjustment shaft, the phase of the flux adjustment seal housing is adjusted, Thereby adjusting the flow cross-sectional area or the number of the power guiding channel and the static guiding channel.
  • the so-called built-in interlocking idler gear of the present invention refers to a gear that is provided in the stationary shaft arm and that is free to rotate with respect to the stationary shaft.
  • the so-called shaft and shaft set setting of the present invention such as the A-axis and B-axis set settings, means that the A-axis and the B-axis share the same axis line or the axis line of the A-axis coincides with the axis line of the B-axis, A
  • the shaft and the B-axis are layered inside and outside.
  • the adjacent shaft and the shaft can be slidably sealed, and other technical measures can be taken to limit the leakage of the working medium.
  • the so-called moving blade assembly of the present invention refers to a dynamic revolving body composed of a passage between a moving blade and an adjacent two moving blades, and the dynamic rotating body can work externally or externally under the action of the working medium.
  • the working medium is pressurized, and the power rotating body is equivalent to one or more moving blades in the steam turbine and the gas turbine.
  • the so-called vane combination of the present invention refers to a stationary revolving body composed of a channel between a vane and an adjacent two vanes, which is equivalent to one or more vanes in a steam turbine or a gas turbine. effect.
  • the high temperature and high pressure working medium can pass into the minimum sealed casing, and then pass through the power guiding passage and the stationary power passage corresponding to the first stage power sealing shell and the stationary sealing shell.
  • the flow guiding channel finally flows out from the power guiding channel or the static guiding channel on the largest sealing shell, so that the temperature of the high temperature and high pressure working medium passes through the first stage power guiding channel and the static guiding channel.
  • the pressure will be reduced, and part of the energy will be converted into the dynamic seal shell and the mechanical energy of the power shaft connected to the dynamic seal shell, so that the energy contained in the fluid medium passes through the first-stage power guide channel.
  • the mechanical energy of the power sealing shell and the power shaft connected to the dynamic sealing shell is gradually converted, thereby realizing the design purpose of converting the energy contained in the fluid medium into mechanical energy.
  • the present invention is used as a steam turbine, a gas turbine, or the like as a power turbine, the high temperature and high pressure working fluid can also be introduced from the power guiding passage or the static guiding passage on the largest sealed casing, and the first stage enters the minimum sealed casing.
  • the energy contained in the high-temperature and high-pressure working medium is gradually converted into the mechanical energy of the primary-stage dynamic sealing shell and the power shaft connected to the dynamic sealing shell; because in this process, although the volume of the dynamic sealing shell and the stationary sealing shell It is getting smaller and smaller, but as long as the rotational speed of the dynamic seal shell and the static seal shell of the inner layer is higher than the rotational speed of the outer dynamic seal shell and the static seal shell, the gradual expansion of the high temperature and high pressure gas can be realized, thereby achieving the external output machinery. Design purpose of the work.
  • the present invention When the present invention is used as a supercharged type turbine such as a liquid pump or an air compressor, the external power drive power shaft and the power seal housing connected to the power shaft rotate at a high speed, and the fluid outside the maximum seal case (including gas or liquid)
  • the power guiding channel or the static guiding channel on the largest sealed casing Through the power guiding channel or the static guiding channel on the largest sealed casing, the sucked fluid passes through the first-stage power guiding channel and the static guiding channel, and the mechanical energy input from the outside is continuously converted into the fluid implied
  • the energy that is, the fluid is continuously pressurized, and its temperature and pressure are continuously increased; thus, the inhaled fluid is pressurized by the primary stage, and becomes a high-temperature and high-pressure fluid when it enters the minimum sealed casing. It is then exported from the smallest sealed casing, thereby achieving the design goal of converting the mechanical energy input from the external input into the energy contained in the fluid medium.
  • the rotational speed of each stage of the turbine can be the same or different, so that the large-sized sealed casing can be rotated at a low speed, and the sealed casing with a small size can be rotated at a high speed, thereby further reducing mechanical vibration.
  • the boost power of the low-entropy turbine in the present invention is increased.
  • the low-energy turbine in the present invention can be used not only as a steam turbine or a gas turbine, but also as a power turbine. It can also be used as a fluid booster type such as a liquid pump or an air compressor, and as a jet engine.
  • the power shafts of the low-entropy turbine of the present invention may be independent of each other, may be fixedly connected to each other, or may be connected to each other through a differential to achieve automatic balance between the stages.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 are schematic structural views of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the structure of Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 are schematic views showing the structure of Embodiment 8 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 and 12 are schematic views showing the structure of Embodiment 9 of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 10 of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 11 of the present invention.
  • Figure 15 is a schematic view showing the structure of Embodiment 12 of the present invention.
  • Figure 16 is a schematic view showing the structure of the embodiment 13 of the present invention.
  • Figure 19 are schematic views showing the structure of Embodiment 14 of the present invention.
  • Figure 22 is a schematic view showing the structure of Embodiment 15 of the present invention.
  • Figure 23 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 16 of the present invention.
  • Figure 24 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 17 of the present invention.
  • Figure 25 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 18 of the present invention.
  • the low-entropy turbine shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 includes a plurality of power shafts 1601 and a plurality of stationary shafts 1602.
  • the power shafts 1601 and the stationary shafts 1602 are alternately fitted and arranged, and a power sealing housing 1603 is provided.
  • a stationary sealing housing 1604, the dynamic sealing housing 1603 and the stationary sealing housing 1604 are alternately assembled in a mutually nested order of the power shaft 1601 and the stationary shaft 1602, the power shaft 1601 and the
  • the power sealing housing 1603 is sealingly connected, the stationary shaft 1602 is sealingly connected to the stationary sealing housing 1604, and a power guiding passage 1605 is disposed on the dynamic sealing housing 1603, on the stationary sealing housing 1604.
  • a stationary flow guiding channel 1606 is provided.
  • the dynamic seal housing 1603 and the stationary seal housing 1604 are cylindrical.
  • a filling body 160351 is disposed in the minimum sealing housing 16035.
  • the minimum sealing housing 16035 and the filling body 160351 constitute a structural body 2, and the power guiding channel 1605 or the minimum sealing housing 16035
  • the static flow guiding channel 1606 is defined as a structural body guiding channel 200, and the structural body working channel 4 is disposed in the structural body 2, and the power shaft 1601 or the sealed joint is connected to the minimum sealing housing 16035.
  • the stationary shaft 1602 is provided with an in-shaft working medium passage 5, and the structural body guiding passage 200 is in communication with the structural working medium passage 4, and the structural working medium passage 4 is connected to the in-shaft working medium passage 5,
  • the in-shaft working medium passage 5 is in communication with the high-pressure working medium source 100.
  • a low-entropy turbine as shown in FIG. 3 differs from Embodiment 1 in that a plurality of said power shafts 1601 are connected to each other via a differential 19 to achieve flux between the stages of the low-entropy turbine. Self-adjustment.
  • the low entropy turbine shown in Fig. 4 differs from the embodiment 1 in that the power seal housing 1603 and the stationary seal housing 1604 are of a rhomboid shape.
  • the power flow conduit 1605 or the stationary flow conduit 1606 on the maximum sealed housing 16036 is in communication with a fluid source 300 that is in communication with the high pressure fluid outlet passage 301. Thereby forming a fluid pressurization type machine.
  • the low-entropy turbine shown in Fig. 5 differs from the first embodiment in that the dynamic seal housing 1603 and the stationary seal housing 1604 are anti-diamond.
  • Example 5 The low-entropy turbine shown in FIG. 6 differs from the first embodiment in that a power shaft gear 6 is provided on all of the power shafts 1 601, and each of the power shaft gears 6 is coupled to a gear shaft 7 and a linkage shaft. 8 is connected, and the diameters of all of the interlocking gears 7 provided on the same linkage shaft 8 are set to be equal.
  • the low-entropy turbine shown in Fig. 7 differs from the fifth embodiment in that the diameters of some or all of the interlocking gears 7 provided on the same linkage shaft 8 are set to be unequal.
  • the low-entropy turbine shown in Fig. 8 differs from the sixth embodiment in that a reversing gear 9 is provided between the power shaft gear 6 and the interlocking gear 7.
  • the low-entropy turbine shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 differs from the first embodiment in that: a built-in interlocking idler gear 1 1 is disposed in the wall of the stationary shaft 1 602, and the stationary shaft 1 602 is described herein.
  • An outer ring gear 1 601 1 is disposed on the inner power shaft 1 601
  • an inner ring gear 16012 is disposed on the power shaft 1 601 adjacent to the stationary shaft 1 602.
  • the inner joint idler gear is provided. 1 1 is engaged with the outer ring gear 1 601 1 and the inner ring gear 1 6012, respectively.
  • the low-entropy turbine shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 differs from the first embodiment in that: a flux adjustment shaft 13 is disposed between the adjacent power shaft 1 601 and the stationary shaft 1602, A flux adjustment sealing housing 1 2 is disposed between the adjacent power sealing housing 1 603 and the stationary sealing housing 1604, and a flux adjustment diversion is provided on the flux adjusting sealing housing 12
  • the passage 14, the flux adjustment shaft 13 and the flux adjustment seal housing 12 are sealingly connected, and a phase adjustment mechanism 15 is provided on the flux adjustment shaft 13.
  • the low-entropy machine shown in Fig. 13 differs from the embodiment 1 in that: the auxiliary stationary shaft 2602 is provided, and the auxiliary stationary shaft 2602 is fixedly connected to all of the stationary sealing housings 1604, the subsidiary A stationary shaft 2602 is provided in sliding engagement with all of the power sealing housings 1603.
  • the structured medium passage 4 communicates with the high pressure working medium 100 via a passage on the auxiliary stationary shaft 2602.
  • the low-entropy turbine shown in FIG. 14 differs from the first embodiment in that: a plurality of auxiliary power shafts 2601 and a plurality of auxiliary stationary shafts 2602 are provided, and the auxiliary power shaft 2601 and the auxiliary stationary shaft 2602 are as described.
  • the mutual set order of the power shaft 1601 and the stationary shaft 1602 is alternately fitted, and the auxiliary power shaft 2601 is sealingly connected to the other side of the power sealing housing 1603 corresponding thereto, the auxiliary stationary shaft 2602 and The other side of the stationary sealed housing 1604 corresponding thereto is hermetically connected.
  • the low-entropy machine shown in Fig. 15 differs from the first embodiment in that all of the power shafts 1601 are fixedly coupled to each other at the ends, and all of the stationary shafts 1602 are fixedly coupled to each other at the ends. .
  • the low entropy turbine shown in Figs. 16, 17, and 18 differs from the first embodiment in that the power seal housing 1603 and the stationary seal housing 1604 are spherical.
  • Part or all of the power sealing housing 1603 is set as a moving blade 16031
  • the power guiding channel 1605 is set as a passage formed between two adjacent moving blades 16031, that is, the dynamic sealing housing 1603 and the
  • the power guiding channel 1605 constitutes a moving blade assembly 16033
  • part or all of the stationary sealing housing 1604 is set as a vane 16032
  • the stationary guiding channel 1606 is set as a channel formed between two adjacent vanes 16032 That is, the stationary sealing housing 1604 and the stationary flow guiding passage 1606 constitute a vane assembly 16034.
  • the low-entropy turbine shown in FIG. 19, FIG. 20, and FIG. 21 differs from the first embodiment in that at least two of the low-entropy turbines are provided, at least one of which is set as the power turbine 1231, and the rest The gas turbine 1232 is provided, and the power shaft 1601 of the power turbine 1231 is connected to the power shaft 1601 of the compressor 1232.
  • the working medium introduction passage 1703 on the minimum seal housing 16035 of the power turbine 1231 communicates with the work fluid outlet 1701 of the combustion chamber 17, and the high pressure gas outlet passage on the minimum seal housing 16035 of the compressor 1704 is in communication with the intake port 1702 of the combustion chamber 17.
  • the low-entropy turbine shown in Fig. 22 differs from the embodiment 14 in that a bypass 1705 is provided in the high-pressure gas outlet passage 1704, and the bypass 1705 is in communication with the compressed gas use mechanism 1709.
  • Example 16
  • the low-entropy turbine shown in Fig. 23 differs from the embodiment 1 in that the power seal housing 1603 and the stationary seal housing 1604 have a rhomboid shape.
  • the power shaft 1601 or the stationary shaft 1602 corresponding to the maximum sealed housing 16036 is defined as a maximum shaft 7000, and a working medium recovery sealing housing 99 is disposed at a periphery of the maximum sealed housing 16036.
  • the recovery seal housing 99 and the maximum shaft 7000 are sealingly disposed, and a working medium recovery passage 90 is disposed on the working fluid recovery seal housing 99, and the working inlet of the working medium recovery passage 90 and the condenser 110
  • a working medium recovery passage 90 is disposed on the working fluid recovery seal housing 99, and the working inlet of the working medium recovery passage 90 and the condenser 110
  • the working fluid inlet of the condenser 110 After being connected to or through the reflux heat exchanger 111, it is in communication with the working fluid inlet of the condenser 110, the heated working fluid outlet 119 of the reflux heat exchanger 111 or the working fluid outlet 1101 of the condenser 110 and the high pressure pump
  • the working fluid inlet of the 112 is connected, and the working fluid is pressurized by the high pressure pump 112 and then heated to the gasification device 122 to form a high pressure working fluid source 100.
  • the low-entropy turbine shown in FIG. 24 includes a power shaft 1601 and a stationary shaft 1602.
  • the power shaft 1601 and the stationary shaft 1602 are alternately fitted, and the power sealing housing 1603 and the stationary sealing housing are provided.
  • 1604, the power sealing housing 1603 and the stationary sealing housing 1604 are alternately assembled in a mutual set order of the power shaft 1601 and the stationary shaft 1602, the power shaft 1601 and the power sealing housing.
  • 1603 is sealingly connected
  • the stationary shaft 1602 is sealingly connected to the stationary sealing housing 1604
  • a power guiding channel 1605 is disposed on the power sealing housing 1603, and a static guiding channel is disposed on the stationary sealing housing 1604.
  • a seal housing of the innermost layer of the dynamic seal housing 1603 and the stationary seal housing 1604 is defined as a minimum seal housing 16035 that communicates with the high pressure working fluid source 100.
  • the dynamic seal housing 1603 and the stationary seal housing 1604 are cylindrical.
  • the low-entropy turbine shown in Fig. 25 differs from the embodiment 17 in that it includes two power shafts 1601 and two stationary shafts 1602.
  • the low-entropy turbine shown in Fig. 26, Fig. 27, Fig. 28, Fig. 29, Fig. 30 or Fig. 31 differs from the embodiment 12 in that part or all of the power shaft 1601 and the power seal housing 1603 are set to have equal diameters. Some or all of the stationary shaft 1602 and the stationary sealing housing 1604 are set to be equal in diameter.
  • the sealing structure may be a prior art sealing ring or a novel sealing structure. For details, see the applicant's invention: A dynamic high-temperature chamber interface dynamic end sealing gas distribution structure of an engine, application number is 200910143631 . 8.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Sealing Using Fluids, Sealing Without Contact, And Removal Of Oil (AREA)

Description

低熵轮机
技术领域
本发明涉及轮机领域, 尤其是一种高效轮机。
技术背景
蒸汽轮机、 燃气轮机等作功类轮机广泛用于发电、 船舶等动力领域, 液体 泵、 空气压縮机等增压类轮机更是广泛应用于工农业等领域, 但是现有轮机的 结构特点决定了, 在其动叶和壳体之间不可避免的会产生相当大的间隙。 众所 周知, 这一间隙严重影响轮机的密封性, 即使得轮机的每一级之前的工质在不 对外做功的情况下而进入轮机的下一级或进入轮机的出口,进而严重影响到蒸 汽轮机、 燃气轮机等作功类轮机的热效率和液体泵、 空气压縮机等增压类轮机 的增压效率, 特别是在轮机的高压端, 这种影响更加明显。 因为一般说来, 高 压端的流量截面较小, 因此同样大小的间隙所占的面积比例就相对越大, 其影 响也就越明显。 不仅如此, 这一间隙也是影响轮机尤其是蒸汽轮机、 燃气轮机 等作功类轮^ I小型化的最致命的问题之一。
因此, 急需发明一种没有泄漏间隙或者泄漏间隙可以忽略不计的新型轮 机。 发明内容
为了解决上述问题, 本发明提出的技术方案如下:
一种低熵轮机, 包括至少一个动力轴和至少一个静止轴, 所述动力轴与所 述静止轴之间交替套装配合设置, 设动力密封壳体和静止密封壳体, 所述动力 密封壳体和所述静止密封壳体按所述动力轴和所述静止轴的相互套装次序交 替套装配合设置, 所述动力轴与所述动力密封壳体密封连接, 所述静止轴与所 述静止密封壳体密封连接, 在所述动力密封壳体上设动力导流通道, 在所述静 止密封壳体上设静止导流通道;
所述动力密封壳体和所述静止密封壳体中最里层的一个密封壳体设为最 小密封壳体, 所述动力密封壳体和所述静止密封壳体中最外层的一个密封壳体 设为最大密封壳体。
所述的低熵轮机包括至少两个动力轴和至少两个静止轴。
多个所述动力轴之间经差速器相互连接, 以实现所述低熵轮机的各级之间 通量的自我调整。
所述最小密封壳体与燃烧室的做功工质出口连通, 所述燃烧室的进气口与 压縮空气源连通; 或者所述最小密封壳体与高压工质源连通。
所述最大密封壳体上的所述动力导流通道或所述静止导流通道与流体源 连通, 所述最小密封壳体与高压流体导出通道连通。
在所述最小密封壳体内设填充体,所述最小密封壳体和所述填充体构成结 构体, 所述最小密封壳体上的所述动力导流通道或所述静止导流通道设为结构 体导流通道, 在所述结构体内设结构体工质通道, 在与所述最小密封壳体密封 连接的所述动力轴或所述静止轴内设轴内工质通道,所述结构体导流通道与所 述结构体工质通道连通, 所述结构体工质通道与所述轴内工质通道连通, 所述 轴内工质通道与高压工质源连通。
在所有所述动力轴上设动力轴齿轮,每个所述动力轴齿轮经联动齿轮与联 动轴连接, 设在同一所述联动轴上的全部所述联动齿轮的直径设为相等; 或者 在所有所述动力轴上设动力轴齿轮,每个所述动力轴齿轮经联动齿轮与联动轴 连接, 设在同一所述联动轴上的部分或全部所述联动齿轮的直径设为不等。
在所述动力轴齿轮和所述联动齿轮之间设换向齿轮。
在所述静止轴的壁内设置内置联动惰轮齿轮,在与此所述静止轴内邻的所 述动力轴上设外齿圈, 在与此所述静止轴外邻的所述动力轴上设内齿圈, 所述 内置联动惰轮齿轮与所述外齿圈和所述内齿圈分别啮合。
在相邻的所述动力轴和所述静止轴之间套装设置通量调整轴, 在相邻的所 述动力密封壳体和所述静止密封壳体之间套装设置通量调整密封壳体,在所述 通量调整密封壳体上设通量调整导流通道,所述通量调整轴和所述通量调整密 封壳体密封连接, 在所述通量调整轴上设相位调整机构。
设至少一个附属动力轴和 /或至少一个附属静止轴; 在同时设有所述附属动力轴和所述附属静止轴的结构中, 所述附属动力轴 和所述附属静止轴按所述动力轴和所述静止轴的相互套装次序交替套装配合 设置, 所述附属动力轴和与其本身对应的所述动力密封壳体的另一侧密封连 接, 所述附属静止轴和与其本身对应的所述静止密封壳体的另一侧密封连接; 在只设有多个所述附属动力轴或只设有多个所述附属静止轴的结^ I中, 所 述附属动力轴或所述附属静止轴按所述动力轴或所述静止轴的相互套装次序 交替套装配合设置,所述附属动力轴和与其本身对应的所述动力密封壳体的另 一侧密封连接,所述附属静止轴和与其本身对应的所述静止密封壳体的另一侧 密封连接;
在只设一个所述附属动力轴或只设一个所述附属静止轴的结构中,所述附 属动力轴与所有所述动力密封壳体固定连接,所述附属动力轴与所有所述静止 密封壳体滑动配合设置; 或所述附属静止轴与所有所述静止密封壳体固定连 接, 所述附属静止轴与所有所述动力密封壳体滑动配合设置。
所有所述动力轴在端部相互固定连接和 /或所有所述静止轴在端部相互固 定连接。
所述动力密封壳体的部分或全部设为动叶, 所述动力导流通道设为相邻两 动叶之间所形成的通道, 即所述动力密封壳体和所述动力导流通道构成动叶组 合体; 所述静止密封壳体的部分或全部设为静叶, 所述静止导流通道设为相邻 两静叶之间所形成的通道, 即所述静止密封壳体和所述静止导流通道构成静叶 组合体。
设置至少两个所述低熵轮机, 其中至少一个所述低熵轮机设为动力轮机, 其余设为压气轮机,所述动力轮机的所述动力轴与所述压气轮机的所述动力轴 相连。
所述动力轮机的所述最小密封壳体上的工质导入通道与燃烧室的做功工 质出口连通,所述压气轮机的所述最小密封壳体上的高压气体导出通道与所述 燃烧室的进气口连通。
所述高压气体导出通道上设旁通, 所述旁通与压縮气体使用机构连通。 与所述最大密封壳体所对应的所述动力轴或所述静止轴设为最大轴, 在所 述最大密封壳体的外围设工质回收密封壳体,所述工质回收密封壳体和最大轴 密封配合设置, 在所述工质回收密封壳体上设工质回收通道, 所述工质回收通 道的出口与冷凝器的工质入口连通或经回流热交换器后再与所述冷凝器的工 质入口连通, 所述回流热交换器的被加热工质出口或所述冷凝器的工质出口与 高压泵的工质入口连通, 工质经所述高压泵加压再经加热气化装置后构成高压 工质源。
部分或全部所述动力轴和所述动力密封壳体设为等直径,部分或全部所述 静止轴和所述静止密封壳体设为等直径。
本发明所谓的轮机, 既包括将流体介质的能量转化为机械能的导流通道式 动力机械, (即作功类轮机, 比如蒸汽轮机、 燃气轮机等), 也包括将机械能转 化为流体介质的能量的增压类轮机 (比如液体泵、 空气压縮机等)。 所谓的导 流通道, 是指两叶片之间的工质通道以及喷射孔等形式的流体通道, 流体在导 流通道内流动时会产生推动力; 所谓的动力流体通道就是设在动力密封壳上的 导流通道, 所谓的静止导流通道就是指设在静止密封壳上的导流通道。 在动力 密封壳上设置动力导流通道后, 动力密封壳和动力导流通道的作用相当于蒸汽 轮机、 燃气轮机中的动叶; 在静止密封壳上设置动力导流通道后, 静止密封壳 和静止导流通道的作用相当于蒸汽轮机、 燃气轮机中的静叶。
本发明所谓的轮机, 既可以是单级轮机, 也可以是多级轮机。
本发明所谓的低熵轮机是指, 如技术背景中所述, 在传统轮机中, 有一部 分工质在不对外做功的情况下而进入轮机的下一级或进入轮机的出口,这样严 重加大了这一过程的熵增量, 即增加了熵增加的程度, 降低了效率; 而本发明 中的低熵轮机通过更加科学有序的控制工质的流动,使其全部通过导流通道对 外做功, 从而提高了轮机的效率。
本发明所谓的结构体是指具有一定形状的结构件。本发明所谓的结构体导 流通道是指设置在结构体上的流体通道。
本发明所谓的动力密封壳或静止密封壳, 是指这样一种壳体, 即除非本发 明中明确提到的在其上设置的通道等之外其它部分是密封的,该种壳体既可以 是普通的壳体也可以是由动叶或静叶组合成的叶片组合体,所谓的动叶和静叶 是引用了汽轮机或燃气轮机中的概念。 本发明所谓的工质源中的工质, 包括蒸汽、 燃气等。
本发明所谓的动力轴, 既包括动力输入轴, 也包括动力输出轴。
本发明所谓的最里层和最外层, 是指动力轴与静止轴之间或者动力密封 壳与静止密封壳之间一层层的交替套装设置, 套装在最内部的(比如存在规则 的直径的情况下, 直径最小的) 为最里层, 套装在最外部的 (比如存在规则的 直径的情况下, 直径最大的) 为最外层。
本发明所谓的相位调整机构, 是指可以使通量调整轴按控制要求转动从 而实现相位调整的机构; 当通量调整轴的相位调整时会带动通量调整密封壳体 的相位跟着发生调整,从而调整动力导流通道和静止导流通道的流量截面积或 个数。
本发明所谓的内置联动惰轮齿轮, 是指设置在静止轴臂内的、 相对于静 止轴可以自由转动的齿轮。
本发明所谓的轴与轴套装设置, 比如 A轴与 B轴套装设置,是指 A轴与 B 轴共有同一个轴心线或者说 A轴的轴心线与 B轴的轴心线重合, A轴与 B轴内 外分层套装。
本发明中轴与轴之间的相互套装设置时, 相临的轴与轴之间既可以滑动 密封设置, 也可以采用其它技术措施来限制工质的泄漏问题。
本发明所谓的动叶组合体, 是指由动叶和相临两动叶之间的通道所构成 的动力回旋体, 此动力回旋体在工质的作用下可以对外作功或在外部动力作用 下对工质加压, 此动力回旋体相当于蒸汽轮机、 燃气轮机中的一个或多个动叶 的作用。
本发明所谓的静叶组合体, 是指由静叶和相临两静叶之间的通道所构成 的静止回旋体, 此静止回旋体相当于蒸汽轮机、 燃气轮机中的一个或多个静叶 的作用。
当本发明作为蒸汽轮机、 燃气轮机等作功类轮机使用时, 高温高压工质可 以通入最小密封壳, 然后经过一级级的动力密封壳和静止密封壳上所对应的动 力导流通道和静止导流通道, 最后从最大密封壳上的动力导流通道或静止导流 通道流出,这样高温高压工质每经过一级动力导流通道和静止导流通道其温度 和压力就会降低一部分, 同时其蕴含的能量就会有一部分转化为动力密封壳以 及与该动力密封壳相连接的动力轴的机械能,这样流体介质蕴含的能量经过一 级级的动力导流通道和静止导流通道后就逐渐转化为了动力密封壳以及与该 动力密封壳相连接的动力轴的机械能, 实现了将流体介质蕴含的能量转化为机 械能的设计目的。 当本发明作为蒸汽轮机、 燃气轮机等作功类轮机使用时, 高 温高压工质也可以从最大密封壳上的动力导流通道或静止导流通道通入, 一级 级的进入最小密封壳,在此过程中高温高压工质蕴含的能量逐步转化为一级级 动力密封壳以及与该动力密封壳相连接的动力轴的机械能; 因为在这一过程 中, 虽然动力密封壳和静止密封壳的容积越来越小, 但只要使得里层的动力密 封壳和静止密封壳的转速高于外层的动力密封壳和静止密封壳的转速, 同样可 以实现高温高压气体的逐渐膨胀, 从而达到对外输出机械功的设计目的。
当本发明作为液体泵、 空气压縮机等增压类轮机使用时, 外部动力驱动动 力轴以及与该动力轴相连接的动力密封壳高速旋转, 最大密封壳之外的流体 (包括气体或液体) 通过最大密封壳上的动力导流通道或静止导流通道被吸 入, 被吸入的流体经过一级级的动力导流通道和静止导流通道后, 由外部输入 的机械能不断的转化为流体蕴含的能量, 即流体不断的被加压, 其温度和压力 不断的提高; 这样被吸入的流体经过一级级的加压后, 等进入最小密封壳时已 经成为了高温高压流体, 该高温高压流体再从最小密封壳导出, 从而实现了将 外部输入的机械能转换为流体介质蕴含的能量的设计目的。
本发明由于只在动力轴或静止轴的配合面处存在泄漏间隙, 不仅该泄漏间 隙小, 而且轴与轴之间的密封是成熟的现有技术, 能够使得工质的泄漏量非常 的微弱甚至其对轮机效率的影响能够忽略不计。
本发明的有益效果如下:
1、 解决了轮机工质泄漏问题, 使得小型轮机的高效率化成为可能。
2、 在多级结构中, 每级轮机的转速可以相同或不同, 从而能够使尺寸大 的密封壳体低转速化, 使尺寸小的密封壳体高转速化, 进而能更有效的减少机 械振动, 提高本发明中的低熵轮机的升功率。
3、 本发明中的低熵轮机不仅可以做蒸汽机、 燃气轮机等动力轮机使用, 也可以做液体泵、 空气压縮机等流体增压类轮机使用, 以及作为喷气式发动机 使用。
4、 本发明中的低熵轮机的各级动力轴可以相互独立, 可以相互固定连接, 也可以通过差速器相互连接从而实现各级间的自动平衡。 附图说明
图 1和图 2所示的是本发明实施例 1的结构示意图;
图 3所示的是本发明实施例 2的结构示意图;
图 4所示的是本发明实施例 3的结构示意图;
图 5所示的是本发明实施例 4的结构示意图;
图 6所示的是本发明实施例 5的结构示意图;
图 7所示的是本发明实施例 6的结构示意图;
图 8所示的是本发明实施例 7的结构示意图;
图 9和图 10所示的是本发明实施例 8的结构示意图;
图 1 1和图 12所示的是本发明实施例 9的结构示意图;
图 1 3所示的是本发明实施例 10的结构示意图;
图 14所示的是本发明实施例 1 1的结构示意图;
图 15所示的是本发明实施例 12的结构示意图;
图 1 6、 图 1 7和图 18所示的是本发明实施例 13的结构示意图;
图 1 9、 图 20和图 21所示的是本发明实施例 14的结构示意图;
图 22所示的是本发明实施例 15的结构示意图;
图 23所示的是本发明实施例 1 6的结构示意图;
图 24所示的是本发明实施例 1 7的结构示意图;
图 25所示的是本发明实施例 1 8的结构示意图;
图 26、 图 27、 图 28、 图 29、 图 30和图 31所示的是本发明实施例 1 9的 结构示意图。 具体实施方式 实施例 1
如图 1和图 2所示的低熵轮机,包括多个动力轴 1601和多个静止轴 1602, 所述动力轴 1601与所述静止轴 1602之间交替套装配合设置, 设动力密封壳体 1603和静止密封壳体 1604,所述动力密封壳体 1603和所述静止密封壳体 1604 按所述动力轴 1601和所述静止轴 1602的相互套装次序交替套装配合设置,所 述动力轴 1601 与所述动力密封壳体 1603密封连接, 所述静止轴 1602与所述 静止密封壳体 1604密封连接, 在所述动力密封壳体 1603上设动力导流通道 1605, 在所述静止密封壳体 1604上设静止导流通道 1606。 所述动力密封壳体 1603和所述静止密封壳体 1604为圆柱形。 在所述最小密封壳体 16035内设填 充体 160351, 所述最小密封壳体 16035和所述填充体 160351构成结构体 2, 所述最小密封壳体 16035 上的所述动力导流通道 1605 或所述静止导流通道 1606设为结构体导流通道 200, 在所述结构体 2内设结构体工质通道 4, 在与 所述最小密封壳体 16035密封连接的所述动力轴 1601或所述静止轴 1602内设 轴内工质通道 5, 所述结构体导流通道 200与所述结构体工质通道 4连通, 所 述结构体工质通道 4与所述轴内工质通道 5连通,所述轴内工质通道 5与高压 工质源 100连通。
实施例 2
如图 3所示的低熵轮机,其与实施例 1的区别在于: 多个所述动力轴 1601 之间经差速器 19相互连接, 以实现所述低熵轮机的各级之间通量的自我调整。
实施例 3
如图 4所示的低熵轮机,其与实施例 1的区别在于:所述动力密封壳体 1603 和所述静止密封壳体 1604为正菱形。 所述最大密封壳体 16036上的所述动力 导流通道 1605或所述静止导流通道 1606与流体源 300连通, 所述最小密封壳 体 16035与高压流体导出通道 301连通。 从而构成流体增压类机械。
实施例 4
如图 5所示的低熵轮机,其与实施例 1的区别在于:所述动力密封壳体 1603 和所述静止密封壳体 1604为反菱形。
实施例 5 如图 6所示的低熵轮机,其与实施例 1的区别在于:在所有所述动力轴 1 601 上设动力轴齿轮 6, 每个所述动力轴齿轮 6经联动齿轮' 7与联动轴 8连接, 设 在同一所述联动轴 8上的全部所述联动齿轮 7的直径设为相等。
实施例 6
如图 7所示的低熵轮机, 其与实施例 5的区别在于: 设在同一所述联动轴 8上的部分或全部所述联动齿轮 7的直径设为不等。
实施例 1
如图 8所示的低熵轮机, 其与实施例 6的区别在于: 在所述动力轴齿轮 6 和所述联动齿轮 7之间设换向齿轮 9。
实施例 8
如图 9和图 10所示的低熵轮机, 其与实施例 1 的区别在于: 在所述静止 轴 1 602的壁内设置内置联动惰轮齿轮 1 1,在与此所述静止轴 1 602内邻的所述 动力轴 1 601上设外齿圈 1 601 1,在与此所述静止轴 1 602外邻的所述动力轴 1 601 上设内齿圈 16012,所述内置联动惰轮齿轮 1 1与所述外齿圈 1 601 1和所述内齿 圈 1 6012分别啮合。
实施例 9
如图 1 1和图 12所示的低熵轮机, 其与实施例 1的区别在于: 在相邻的所 述动力轴 1 601和所述静止轴 1602之间套装设置通量调整轴 1 3,在相邻的所述 动力密封壳体 1 603和所述静止密封壳体 1604之间套装设置通量调整密封壳体 1 2, 在所述通量调整密封壳体 12上设通量调整导流通道 14, 所述通量调整轴 1 3和所述通量调整密封壳体 1 2密封连接,在所述通量调整轴 1 3上设相位调整 机构 15。
实施例 10
如图 13所示的低熵轮机, 其与实施例 1 的区别在于: 设一个所述附属静 止轴 2602,所述附属静止轴 2602与所有所述静止密封壳体 1 604固定连接,所 述附属静止轴 2602与所有所述动力密封壳体 1603滑动配合设置。结构体工质 通道 4经所述附属静止轴 2602上的通道与高压工质源 1 00连通。 如图 14所示的低熵轮机, 其与实施例 1 的区别在于: 设多个附属动力轴 2601 和多个附属静止轴 2602, 所述附属动力轴 2601 和所述附属静止轴 2602 按所述动力轴 1601和所述静止轴 1602的相互套装次序交替套装配合设置,所 述附属动力轴 2601和与其本身对应的所述动力密封壳体 1603的另一侧密封连 接,所述附属静止轴 2602和与其本身对应的所述静止密封壳体 1604的另一侧 密封连接。
实施例 12
如图 15所示的低熵轮机,其与实施例 1的区别在于:所有所述动力轴 1601 在端部相互固定连接, 所有所述静止轴 1602在端部相互固定连接。。
实施例 13
如图 16、 图 17和图 18所示的低熵轮机, 其与实施例 1的区别在于: 所述 动力密封壳体 1603和所述静止密封壳体 1604为球形。所述动力密封壳体 1603 的部分或全部设为动叶 16031,所述动力导流通道 1605设为相邻两动叶 16031 之间所形成的通道, 即所述动力密封壳体 1603和所述动力导流通道 1605构成 动叶组合体 16033; 所述静止密封壳体 1604的部分或全部设为静叶 16032, 所 述静止导流通道 1606设为相邻两静叶 16032之间所形成的通道, 即所述静止 密封壳体 1604和所述静止导流通道 1606构成静叶组合体 16034。
实施例 14
如图 19、 图 20、 图 21所示的低熵轮机, 其与实施例 1的区别在于: 设置 至少两个所述低熵轮机,其中至少一个所述低熵轮机设为动力轮机 1231,其余 设为压气轮机 1232, 所述动力轮机 1231 的所述动力轴 1601 与所述压气轮机 1232的所述动力轴 1601相连。所述动力轮机 1231的所述最小密封壳体 16035 上的工质导入通道 1703与燃烧室 17的做功工质出口 1701连通, 所述压气轮 机的所述最小密封壳体 16035上的高压气体导出通道 1704与所述燃烧室 17的 进气口 1702连通。
实施例 15
如图 22所示的低熵轮机, 其与实施例 14的区别在于: 所述高压气体导出 通道 1704上设旁通 1705, 所述旁通 1705与压縮气体使用机构 1709连通。 实施例 16
如图 23所示的低熵轮机, 其与实施例 1 的区别在于: 所述动力密封壳体 1603和所述静止密封壳体 1604为正菱形。 与所述最大密封壳体 16036所对应 的所述动力轴 1601或所述静止轴 1602设为最大轴 7000,在所述最大密封壳体 16036的外围设工质回收密封壳体 99,所述工质回收密封壳体 99和最大轴 7000 密封配合设置, 在所述工质回收密封壳体 99上设工质回收通道 90, 所述工质 回收通道 90的出口 900与冷凝器 110的工质入口连通或经回流热交换器 111 后再与所述冷凝器 110的工质入口连通,所述回流热交换器 111的被加热工质 出口 119或所述冷凝器 110的工质出口 1101 与高压泵 112的工质入口连通, 工质经所述高压泵 112加压再经加热气化装置 122后构成高压工质源 100。
实施例 17
如图 24所示的低熵轮机,包括一个动力轴 1601和一个静止轴 1602,所述 动力轴 1601与所述静止轴 1602之间交替套装配合设置,设动力密封壳体 1603 和静止密封壳体 1604,所述动力密封壳体 1603和所述静止密封壳体 1604按所 述动力轴 1601和所述静止轴 1602的相互套装次序交替套装配合设置,所述动 力轴 1601 与所述动力密封壳体 1603密封连接, 所述静止轴 1602与所述静止 密封壳体 1604密封连接, 在所述动力密封壳体 1603上设动力导流通道 1605, 在所述静止密封壳体 1604上设静止导流通道 1606。 所述动力密封壳体 1603 和所述静止密封壳体 1604中最里层的一个密封壳体设为最小密封壳体 16035, 所述最小密封壳体 16035与高压工质源 100连通。 所述动力密封壳体 1603和 所述静止密封壳体 1604为圆柱形。
实施例 18
如图 25所示的低熵轮机,其与实施例 17的区别在于:包括两个动力轴 1601 和两个静止轴 1602。
实施例 19
如图 26、 图 27、 图 28、 图 29、 图 30或图 31所示的低熵轮机, 其与实施 例 12的区别在于: 部分或全部动力轴 1601和动力密封壳体 1603设为等直径, 部分或全部静止轴 1602和静止密封壳体 1604设为等直径。 如图 28中 E所示 的密封结构, 可以是现有技术的密封环, 也可以是一种新型的密封结构, 具体 见本申请人的发明: 一种发动机高温高压腔界面体动态端密封配气结构, 申请 号为 200910143631 . 8。
显然, 本发明不限于以上实施例, 还可以有许多变形。 本领域的普通技术 人员, 能从本发明公开的内容直接导出或联想到的所有变形, 均应认为是本发 明的保护范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、一种低熵轮机,包括至少一个动力轴(1601)和至少一个静止轴(1602), 其特征在于: 所述动力轴 (1601) 与所述静止轴 (1602)之间交替套装配合设 置,设动力密封壳体(1603)和静止密封壳体(1604),所述动力密封壳体(1603) 和所述静止密封壳体(1604) 按所述动力轴 (1601) 和所述静止轴 (1602) 的 相互套装次序交替套装配合设置, 所述动力轴 (1601) 与所述动力密封壳体
(1603) 密封连接, 所述静止轴 (1602) 与所述静止密封壳体(1604) 密封连 接, 在所述动力密封壳体 (1603) 上设动力导流通道 (1605), 在所述静止密 封壳体 (1604) 上设静止导流通道 (1606);
所述动力密封壳体(1603)和所述静止密封壳体(1604) 中最里层的一个 密封壳体设为最小密封壳体(16035), 所述动力密封壳体(1603)和所述静止 密封壳体 (1604) 中最外层的一个密封壳体设为最大密封壳体 (16036)。
2、 根据权利要求 1 所述的低熵轮机, 其特征在于: 包括至少两个动力轴 (1601) 和 /或至少两个静止轴 (1602)。
3、根据权利要求 2所述的低熵轮机,其特征在于:多个所述动力轴(1601 ) 之间经差速器(19)相互连接, 以实现所述低熵轮机的各级之间通量的自我调 整。
4、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的低熵轮机, 其特征在于: 所述最小密封壳 体 (16035) 与燃烧室 (17) 的做功工质出口 (1701) 连通, 所述燃烧室 (17) 的进气口(1702)与压縮空气源(1703)连通;或者所述最小密封壳体(16035) 与高压工质源 (100) 连通。
5、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的低熵轮机, 其特征在于: 所述最大密封壳 体 (16036) 上的所述动力导流通道 (1605) 或所述静止导流通道 (1606) 与 流体源 (300) 连通, 所述最小密封壳体 (16035) 与高压流体导出通道 (301) 连通。
6、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的低熵轮机, 其特征在于: 在所述最小密封 壳体 (16035) 内设填充体 (160351 ), 所述最小密封壳体 (16035) 和所述填 充体 (160351 ) 构成结构体 (2), 所述最小密封壳体 (16035) 上的所述动力 导流通道 (1605) 或所述静止导流通道 (1606) 设为结构体导流通道 (200), 在所述结构体(2)内设结构体工质通道(4), 在与所述最小密封壳体(16035) 密封连接的所述动力轴(1601)或所述静止轴(1602)内设轴内工质通道 (5), 所述结构体导流通道 (200) 与所述结构体工质通道 (4) 连通, 所述结构体工 质通道 (4) 与所述轴内工质通道 (5) 连通, 所述轴内工质通道 (5) 与高压 工质源 (100) 连通。
7、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的低熵轮机, 其特征在于: 在所有所述动力 轴 (1601) 上设动力轴齿轮 (6), 每个所述动力轴齿轮 (6) 经联动齿轮 (7) 与联动轴 (8) 连接, 设在同一所述联动轴 (8) 上的全部所述联动齿轮 (7) 的直径设为相等; 或者在所有所述动力轴 (1601) 上设动力轴齿轮 (6), 每个 所述动力轴齿轮 (6) 经联动齿轮 (7) 与联动轴 (8) 连接, 设在同一所述联 动轴 (8) 上的部分或全部所述联动齿轮 (7) 的直径设为不等。
8、根据权利要求 7所述的低熵轮机, 其特征在于: 在所述动力轴齿轮(6) 和所述联动齿轮 (7) 之间设换向齿轮 (9)。
9、根据权利要求 1或 2所述的低熵轮机,其特征在于:在所述静止轴( 1602) 的壁内设置内置 动惰轮齿轮 (11), 在与此所述静止轴 (1602) 内邻的所述 动力轴 (1601) 上设外齿圈 (16011), 在与此所述静止轴 (1602) 外邻的所述 动力轴 (1601) 上设内齿圈 (16012), 所述内置联动惰轮齿轮 (11) 与所述外 齿圈 (16011) 和所述内齿圈 (16012) 分别啮合。
10、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的低熵轮机, 其特征在于: 在相邻的所述动 力轴 (1601) 和所述静止轴 (1602) 之间套装设置通量调整轴 (13), 在相邻 的所述动力密封壳体(1603)和所述静止密封壳体(1604)之间套装设置通量 调整密封壳体 (12), 在所述通量调整密封壳体 (12) 上设通量调整导流通道
(14), 所述通量调整轴 (13) 和所述通量调整密封壳体 (12) 密封连接, 在 所述通量调整轴 (13) 上设相位调整机构 (15)。
11、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的低熵轮机, 其特征在于: 设至少一个附属 动力轴 (2601) 和 /或至少一个附属静止轴 (2602);
在同时设有所述附属动力轴(2601)和所述附属静止轴(2602)的结构中, 所述附属动力轴 (2601 )和所述附属静止轴 (2602 )按所述动力轴 (1601 )和 所述静止轴(1602)的相互套装次序交替套装配合设置,所述附属动力轴(2601 ) 和与其本身对应的所述动力密封壳体(1603) 的另一侧密封连接, 所述附属静 止轴(2602)和与其本身对应的所述静止密封壳体(1604)的另一侧密封连接; 在只设有多个所述附属动力轴 (2601 ) 或只设有多个所述附属静止轴
(2602) 的结构中, 所述附属动力轴 (2601 )或所述附属静止轴 (2602 )按所 述动力轴 (1601 ) 或所述静止轴 (1602 ) 的相互套装次序交替套装配合设置, 所述附属动力轴 (2601 )和与其本身对应的所述动力密封壳体(1603) 的另一 侧密封连接, 所述附属静止轴 (2602 ) 和与其本身对应的所述静止密封壳体
( 1604) 的另一侧密封连接;
在只设一个所述附属动力轴 (2601 ) 或只设一个所述附属静止轴 (2602) 的结构中, 所述附属动力轴 (2601 ) 与所有所述动力密封壳体(1603) 固定连 接, 所述附属动力轴(2601 )与所有所述静止密封壳体(1604)滑动配合设置; 或所述附属静止轴 (2602) 与所有所述静止密封壳体(1604) 固定连接, 所述 附属静止轴 (2602) 与所有所述动力密封壳体 (1603) 滑动配合设置。
12、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的低熵轮机, 其特征在于: 所有所述动力轴 ( 1601 ) 在端部相互固定连接和 /或所有所述静止轴 (1602) 在端部相互固定 连接。
13、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的低熵轮机, 其特征在于: 所述动力密封壳 体(1603 ) 的部分或全部设为动叶 (16031 ), 所述动力导流通道 (1605) 设为 相邻两动叶 (16031 ) 之间所形成的通道, 即所述动力密封壳体 (1603) 和所 述动力导流通道(1605)构成动叶组合体(16033); 所述静止密封壳体(1604) 的部分或全部设为静叶(16032), 所述静止导流通道(1606)设为相邻两静叶
( 16032 ) 之间所形成的通道, 即所述静止密封壳体 (1604) 和所述静止导流 通道 (1606) 构成静叶组合体 (16034)。
14、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的低熵轮机, 其特征在于: 设置至少两个所 述低熵轮机, 其中至少一个所述低熵轮机设为动力轮机 (1231 ), 其余设为压 气轮机 (1232), 所述动力轮机 (1231 ) 的所述动力轴 (1601 ) 与所述压气轮 机 (1232) 的所述动力轴 (1601) 相连。
15、根据权利要求 14所述的低熵轮机,其特征在于:所述动力轮机(1231) 的所述最小密封壳体 (16035) 上的工质导入通道 (1703) 与燃烧室 (17) 的 做功工质出口 (1701) 连通, 所述压气轮机的所述最小密封壳体 (16035) 上 的高压气体导出通道 (Π04) 与所述燃烧室 (17) 的进气口 (1702) 连通。
16、 根据权利要求 15所述的低熵轮机, 其特征在于: 所述高压气体导出 通道 (1704)上设旁通 (1705), 所述旁通(1705)与压縮气体使用机构 (1709) 连通。
17、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的低熵轮机, 其特征在于: 与所述最大密封 壳体 (16036) 所对应的所述动力轴 (1601) 或所述静止轴 (1602) 设为最大 轴 (7000), 在所述最大密封壳体(16036) 的外围设工质回收密封壳体 (99), 所述工质回收密封壳体(99)和最大轴 (7000) 密封配合设置, 在所述工质回 收密封壳体 (99) 上设工质回收通道 (90), 所述工质回收通道 (90) 的出口
(900) 与冷凝器 (110) 的工质入口连通或经回流热交换器 (111) 后再与所 述冷凝器 (110) 的工质入口连通, 所述回流热交换器 (111) 的被加热工质出 口 (119) 或所述冷凝器 (110) 的工质出口 (1101) 与高压泵 (112) 的工质 入口连通, 工质经所述高压泵 (112)加压再经加热气化装置(122) 后构成高 压工质源 (100)。
18、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的低熵轮机, 其特征在于: 部分或全部所述 动力轴 (1601)和所述动力密封壳体(16031设为等直径, 部分或全部所述静 止轴 (1602) 和所述静止密封壳体 (1604) 设为等直径。
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CN101839153B (zh) * 2010-03-23 2012-05-23 靳北彪 低熵轮机
CN103758582A (zh) * 2013-01-03 2014-04-30 摩尔动力(北京)技术股份有限公司 低熵轮机

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