WO2011116586A1 - 用于控制有刷直流管状电机速度的放电回路及其控制电路 - Google Patents

用于控制有刷直流管状电机速度的放电回路及其控制电路 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011116586A1
WO2011116586A1 PCT/CN2010/076599 CN2010076599W WO2011116586A1 WO 2011116586 A1 WO2011116586 A1 WO 2011116586A1 CN 2010076599 W CN2010076599 W CN 2010076599W WO 2011116586 A1 WO2011116586 A1 WO 2011116586A1
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Prior art keywords
brushed
circuit
voltage
tubular motor
motor
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PCT/CN2010/076599
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English (en)
French (fr)
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华林
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杭州双华科技有限公司
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Application filed by 杭州双华科技有限公司 filed Critical 杭州双华科技有限公司
Priority to ES201290006U priority Critical patent/ES1077639Y/es
Priority to DE212010000210U priority patent/DE212010000210U1/de
Publication of WO2011116586A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011116586A1/zh
Priority to AU2012100358A priority patent/AU2012100358A4/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P7/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors
    • H02P7/06—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current
    • H02P7/18—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power
    • H02P7/24—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02P7/28—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices

Definitions

  • the invention mainly relates to a discharge circuit for controlling the speed of a brushed DC tubular motor and a speed control circuit composed thereof, which is mainly used for solving the problem that the brushed DC tubular motor hoisting heavy objects in a state of stable and uniform speed, belonging to Brush DC tubular motor control circuit manufacturing field.
  • the existing brushed DC tubular motor when the motor is lifting or pulling heavy objects, the brushed DC tubular motor works according to the output power characteristics, although the rising process is very stable, but in the process of descending, due to heavy objects
  • the brushed DC tubular motor will be driven.
  • the weight will decrease in acceleration, and it will not be able to achieve a smooth and uniform speed drop.
  • a brushed DC tubular motor is used in the rolling gate, when the rolling gate is lowered, the rolling shutter is dragged with the brushed DC tubular motor to accelerate the lowering, which inevitably poses a certain danger. Therefore, brushed DC tubular motors at home and abroad can only be produced in a small torque output range.
  • a brushed DC tubular motor with a diameter of 45 mm has a torque of only 8 Nm and cannot be used in a high torque output range.
  • Design purpose to avoid the deficiencies in the background art, to design a discharge circuit for controlling the speed of brushed DC tubular motor under the condition that the brushed brushed DC tubular motor hoisting heavy objects, stable and uniform speed And a speed control circuit composed of the same.
  • Design plan In order to achieve the above design goals.
  • the invention provides a control circuit, which can not only realize the normal up and down control of the brushed brushed DC tubular motor, but also realize the super large torque control of the brushed DC tubular motor, effectively solving the large load of the brushed DC tubular motor.
  • the acceleration problem of the descent process maintains a steady and uniform decline.
  • the torque generated by the brushed DC tubular motor is different in the direction in which the lifting of the weight is generated and rotated, and when the weight is lowered
  • the torque that is opposite to the direction of rotation that is, the braking torque, is equal to the moment generated by the weight of the weight and the weight of the weight is zero, so that the uniform velocity of the object can be reduced.
  • the weight generated by the weight is greater than the braking torque generated by the brushed DC tubular motor, the brushed DC tubular motor is in the discharge state, and the weight is generated during the descending process, and the speed will be higher. The sooner you come.
  • the motor In order to realize the control of the speed of the brushed DC tubular motor, the motor is kept running at a constant speed.
  • the control circuit is connected in series with a resistor (discharge resistor) in the brushed DC tubular motor control circuit to form a discharge loop.
  • discharge resistor discharge resistor
  • the discharge circuit When the maximum braking torque is reached, the discharge circuit is disconnected; if the weight generated by the weight is greater than the maximum braking torque generated by the brushed DC tubular motor, the discharge circuit starts to work, increasing the braking torque and maintaining The torque generated by the force of gravity and the braking torque generated by the brushed DC tubular motor balance, so that the brushed DC tubular motor is stably and uniformly lowered.
  • the sampling circuit samples the signal sampled by the brushed DC tubular motor through an amplification circuit and follows the voltage follower circuit to control the operation of the discharge circuit to achieve control.
  • the brush DC tubular motor stabilizes at a constant speed; when the motor is lifting heavy objects, the discharge circuit is broken; when the motor is putting down the heavy object, if the weight is under the action of gravity, the torque generated is still smaller than the maximum system generated by the motor.
  • the discharge circuit is disconnected; if the moment generated by the gravity is greater than the maximum braking torque generated by the motor, the discharge circuit starts to work, increases the braking torque, and maintains the torque generated by the action of gravity.
  • the braking torque generated by the motor is balanced, so that the motor stabilizes at a constant rate.
  • a discharge circuit for controlling the speed of a brushed DC tubular motor which comprises a brushed DC tubular motor control circuit, characterized in that: between the output end of the control loop of the brushed DC tubular motor control circuit and the negative pole of the power supply Connect a resistor in series to form a discharge loop when the motor is generating electricity.
  • the discharge loop is composed of resistors R1, R2, capacitor C5, and transistor Q1.
  • the collector of Q1 is connected to the anode of R2 and the anode of C5, and is connected to the anode of the DC power supply and the end of R5 in the sampling circuit.
  • the other end of R2 and the negative terminal of C5 are connected and connected to one end of R1 and the negative pole of DC power supply, and the other end of R1 is connected to the emitter of Q1.
  • a brushed DC tubular motor speed control circuit composed of a discharge circuit, comprising a brushed DC tubular motor, the sampling circuit is sent from a signal sampled by the brushed DC tubular motor to an input end of the amplifying circuit, and the signal output of the amplifying circuit The terminal voltage follows the signal input end of the circuit, the signal output end of the voltage follower circuit is connected to the signal input end of the discharge circuit, and the signal output end of the discharge circuit is connected with the brush DC tubular motor;
  • the sampling circuit is composed of resistors R3, R4, R5, R6 Diode D4, D5, rectifier bridge D1, the connection point of the resistors R3, R4 is connected with one end of the resistor R7 in the amplifier circuit, the connection point of the resistors R5, R6 is connected with one end of the resistor R9 in the amplifier circuit, and the resistors R4, R6 are connected Point and connect to ground.
  • the invention has a brushed DC tubular motor in the application of a large torque output range, which can make the motor rise and fall stably and evenly when lifting heavy objects and dropping heavy objects, thereby solving the problem.
  • the brushless DC decelerating tubular motor can only be used in the small torque range.
  • the circuit design is novel, simple, reliable, and the control effect is good.
  • a brushed DC tubular motor with a diameter of 45 mm adopts the technical solution of the present application. After that, the control torque was up to 50 Nm and achieved unexpected technical results.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a discharge circuit consisting of a Darlington tube controlling the speed of a brushed DC tubular motor.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a discharge circuit that controls the speed of a brushed DC tubular motor by a relay.
  • Figure 3 is a block diagram showing the speed control circuit of a brushed DC tubular motor constructed by a discharge circuit.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a brushed DC tubular motor speed control circuit constructed by a discharge circuit.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the application of the brushed DC tubular motor speed control circuit.
  • Embodiment 1 Reference is made to FIG.
  • the discharge circuit for controlling the speed of the brushed DC tubular motor comprises a brushed DC tubular motor control circuit, and a resistor is connected in series between the output end of the control loop of the brushed DC tubular motor control circuit and the negative pole of the power supply to form a motor to generate electricity
  • the discharge circuit at the time; the discharge circuit consists of resistors R1, R2, capacitor C5, and transistor Q1.
  • the collector of Q1 is connected to the anode of R2 and the anode of C5, and is connected to the anode of the DC power supply and the end of R5 in the sampling circuit, and the other end of R2 and the cathode of C5 are connected.
  • Connect one end of R1 and the negative pole of DC power supply, and the other end of R1 is connected to the emitter of Q1.
  • the transistor Q1 is a Darlington tube.
  • Embodiment 2 On the basis of Embodiment 1, reference is made to FIG. A series connection resistor between the output end of the relay and the negative pole of the power supply constitutes a discharge circuit that constitutes a motor during power generation.
  • Embodiment 3 Refer to Figures 3 and 4.
  • a brushed DC tubular motor speed control circuit composed of a discharge circuit, comprising a brushed DC tubular motor, the sampling circuit is sent from a signal sampled by the brushed DC tubular motor to an input end of the amplifying circuit (a sampling circuit is connected to both ends of the motor)
  • the signal output end of the amplifying circuit is connected to the signal input end of the voltage follower circuit, the signal output end of the voltage follower circuit is connected to the signal input end of the discharge circuit, and the signal output end of the discharge circuit is connected with the brush DC tubular motor.
  • the sampling circuit is composed of resistors R3, R4, R5, and R6 Diode D4, D5, rectifier bridge D1, the connection point of the resistors R3, R4 is connected with one end of the resistor R7 in the amplifier circuit, the connection point of the resistors R5, R6 is connected with one end of the resistor R9 in the amplifier circuit, and the resistors R4, R6 are connected Point and connect to ground.
  • the amplifying circuit is formed by resistors R7, R8, R9, R10 and (LM358) op amp A1, one end of the resistor R7 is connected with the connection point of R3 and R4, and the other end is connected with the pin 2 of the operational amplifier A1 and one end of the resistor R8.
  • the other end of the R8 heat is connected to the 1 pin of the op amp A1 and the 5 pin of the A2 of the op amp in the voltage follower circuit.
  • the other end of the R9 is connected with the R10.
  • One end is connected to the 3 pin of A1, and the other end of R10 is grounded.
  • the voltage follower circuit is composed of (LM358) op amp A2, and the 6th and 7th pins of A2 are connected to the base of the triode in the discharge circuit. .
  • the motor works, the motor rotates forward, dragging heavy objects up; the motor reverses and the weight drops.
  • the controller samples the voltage at the motor power input terminal AB. After the voltage is divided by the resistors R3 and R4, the voltage at point a is input to the 2 pin of the operational amplifier. The sampling voltage across the motor passes through the D1 rectifier bridge. After the resistors R5 and R6 are divided, the voltage at point b is input to pin 3 of the op amp.
  • a differential amplifying circuit is formed by the resistors R7, R8, R9, and R10 and the operational amplifier A1, and the operational amplifier A2 constitutes a voltage follower.
  • R2, C5, Q1, and R1 constitute a discharge circuit at the time of discharge of the motor, and the generated electricity is consumed through the resistor R1.
  • the motor When the motor has heavy objects falling, if the load is heavy, the torque generated by the weight under the action of gravity is greater than the braking torque generated by the motor, and the motor enters the discharge state. At this time, the voltage across the motor is higher than the voltage.
  • the input voltage of the motor power supply is such that after the voltage of the two points is passed through the voltage dividing resistor, the voltage at point b is higher than the voltage at point a, so the output of the operational amplifier A1 is high level, and the voltage follower is input to Q1 and Q1.
  • the discharge circuit starts to work, and the discharge machine is equivalent to carrying a load, so that the motor speed is lowered. After the motor speed drops, the voltage across the motor also drops.
  • the op amp A1 When the voltage balance with the input terminal is reached, the op amp A1 outputs a low level, so that Q1 is turned off and the discharge loop is disconnected. As the weight drops, the discharge circuit is always working so repeatedly, so that the motor maintains a uniform drop.
  • Embodiment 5 On the basis of Embodiments 1-4, a method for controlling the speed of a brushed DC tubular motor is characterized in that: the signal sampled by the sampling circuit from the brushed DC tubular motor is amplified by the amplification circuit and followed by the voltage following circuit. To control the operation of the discharge circuit, to achieve stable and uniform speed reduction of the brushed DC tubular motor.
  • the discharge circuit When the motor is lifting heavy objects, the discharge circuit is disconnected; when the motor is lowering the weight, if the torque generated by the weight under gravity is still less than the maximum braking torque generated by the motor, the discharge circuit is disconnected. If the moment generated by gravity under the action of gravity is greater than the maximum braking torque generated by the motor, the discharge circuit starts to work, increasing the braking torque, maintaining the balance between the torque generated by the force of gravity and the braking torque generated by the motor. This allows the motor to stabilize at a constant rate.
  • the voltage of the connection point a of R3 and R4 is input to the 2 pin of the operational amplifier A1, and the sampling voltage of the brushed DC tubular motor is passed.
  • the D1 rectifier bridge is divided by the resistors R5 and R6, the voltage of the connection point b of R5 and R6 is input to the 3 pin of the operational amplifier A1, and the differential amplifier circuit and the voltage follower are passed. The electricity generated by the discharge circuit is consumed by the resistor R1;
  • the voltage at the input point of the collecting point and the voltage across the DC tubular motor have a pressure difference, resulting in a voltage difference between the voltage at point a and the voltage at point b.
  • the output of the operational amplifier A1 is low. After passing through the voltage follower, it is input to Q1, Q1 is cut off, and the discharge circuit is not working.
  • the brushed DC tubular motor When the brushed DC tubular motor has a heavy object, if the load is very light, the torque generated by the weight under the action of gravity is less than the braking torque generated by the brushed DC tubular motor, the brushed DC tubular motor still does not enter. Discharge state, at this time, the voltage at point a is still higher than the voltage at point b, and the output of the operational amplifier A1 is low level. After passing through the voltage follower, input to Q1, Q1 is cut off, and the discharge circuit still does not work;
  • the brushed DC tubular motor When the brushed DC tubular motor has a heavy object falling, if the load is heavy, the moment generated by the weight under the action of gravity is greater than the braking torque generated by the brushed DC tubular motor, the brushed DC tubular motor enters the discharge state. At this time, the voltage voltage across the brushed DC tubular motor is higher than the voltage of the brushed DC tubular motor power input terminal. When the two collected voltages pass through the voltage dividing resistor, the voltage at point b is higher than the voltage at point a, and the output of the operational amplifier A1.
  • the high level is passed through the voltage follower, input to Q1, Q1 is turned on, the discharge circuit starts to work, and the discharge machine is equivalent to carrying the load, so that the speed of the brushed DC tubular motor decreases, and the speed of the brushed DC tubular motor decreases. After that, the voltage across the brushed DC tubular motor also drops.
  • the operational amplifier A1 outputs a low level, so that Q1 is turned off, the discharge loop is disconnected, and the discharge is discharged as the weight falls.
  • the circuit is always working so repeatedly, so that the brushed DC tubular motor always maintains a smooth, uniform speed drop.

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Description

用于控制有刷直流管状电机速度的放电回路及其控制电路 技术领域
本发明主要涉及一种用于控制有刷直流管状电机速度的放电回路及由其构成的速度控制电路，主要用于解决有刷直流管状电机悬挂重物的状态下，平稳、匀速下降，属有刷直流管状电机控制电路制造领域。
 背景技术
目前，现有的有刷直流管状电机，当电机提升或卷拉重物的时侯，有刷直流管状电机按输出功率特性工作，虽然上升的过程很平稳，但是在下降过程中，由于重物会拖着有刷直流管状电机运转，根据有刷直流管状电机特性，重物会加速度下降，无法实现平稳、匀速下降。如有刷直流管状电机用在卷闸门中，在卷闸门下降时，由于卷闸门拖着有刷直流管状电机加速下降，不可避免地会产生一定的危险性。因此目前在国内外的有刷直流管状电机只能在小扭矩输出范围内生产，如直径为45mm的有刷直流管状电机的扭矩仅为8牛米，无法在大扭矩的输出范围内应用。
 技术问题
设计目的：避免背景技术中的不足之处，设计一种能够解决有刷有刷直流管状电机悬挂重物的状态下，平稳、匀速下降的一种用于控制有刷直流管状电机速度的放电回路及由其构成的速度控制电路。
技术解决方案
设计方案：为了实现上述设计目的。本发明提供一种控制电路，该控制电路不仅能实现有刷有刷直流管状电机的正常上下控制，而且实现了有刷直流管状电机超大转矩控制，有效解决了有刷直流管状电机在大负荷情况下， 下降过程的加速问题，保持平稳匀速的下降。
由于有刷直流管状电机在提升重物和放下重物的时候，它产生的力矩是不一样的，有刷直流管状电机在提起重物是产生和转动一样方向的力矩，在放下重物时是产生和转动方向相反的力矩，也就是制动力矩，这个制动力矩和重物在重力的作用下产生的力矩相等，合力矩为零，这样才能产生物体的匀速下降。当重物在重力的作用下产生的力矩大于有刷直流管状电机产生的是制动力矩时候，有刷直流管状电机处于放电状态，重物在下降过程中，就会产生加速度，速度也会越来越快。
为实现有刷直流管状电机速度的控制，保持电机稳定匀速的运转。本控制电路在有刷直流管状电机控制电路中串接一个电阻（放电电阻），构成放电回路。当有刷直流管状电机在提升重物的时候，放电回路断开；当有刷直流管状电机在放下重物的时候，若重物在重力的作用下产生的力矩仍然小于有刷直流管状电机产生的最大的制动力矩时候，放电回路断开；若重物在重力的作用下产生的力矩大于有刷直流管状电机产生的最大的制动力矩时候，放电回路开始工作，增加制动力矩，保持重力的作用下产生的力矩和有刷直流管状电机产生的制动力矩平衡，从而使得有刷直流管状电机稳定匀速下降。
技术方案1：一种有刷直流管状电机速度的控制方法，取样电路从有刷直流管状电机取样的信号经过放大电路放大后且经电压跟随电路跟随，控制放电回路的工作与否，达到控制有刷直流管状电机稳定匀速下降；当电机在提升重物的时候，放电回路断开；当电机在放下重物的时候，若重物在重力的作用下产生的力矩仍然小于电机产生的最大的制动力矩时候，放电回路断开；若重物在重力的作用下产生的力矩大于电机产生的最大的制动力矩时候，放电回路开始工作，增加制动力矩，保持重力的作用下产生的力矩和电机产生的制动力矩平衡，从而使得电机稳定匀速下降。
技术方案2：用于控制有刷直流管状电机速度的放电回路，它包括有刷直流管状电机控制电路，其特征是：在有刷直流管状电机控制电路的控制回路的输出端与电源负极之间串接一个电阻，构成电机发电时候的放电回路，放电回路由电阻R1、R2、电容C5、三极管Q1构成，Q1集电极与R2一端、C5正极连接且接直流电源正极及采样电路中R5的一端，R2另一端、C5负极连接且接R1一端及直流电源负极，R1另一端接Q1的发射极。
技术方案3：由放电回路构成的有刷直流管状电机速度控制电路，它包括有刷直流管状电机，取样电路从有刷直流管状电机取样的信号输送至放大电路的输入端，放大电路的信号输出端接电压跟随电路的信号输入端，电压跟随电路的信号输出端接放电回路的信号输入端，放电回路的信号输出端接有刷直流管状电机；所述采样电路由电阻R3、R4、R5、R6 、二极管D4、D5、整流桥D1组成，电阻R3、R4的连接点与放大电路中电阻R7的一端连接，电阻R5、R6的连接点与放大电路中电阻R9的一端连接，电阻R4、R6连接点并接接地。
 有益效果
本发明与背景技术相比，一是有刷直流管状电机在大扭矩输出范围的应用中，可以使得电机在提升重物和放下重物的时候，可以使得电机稳定匀速的上升和下降，解决了目前国内外不刷直流减速管状电机只能在小扭矩范围输出的应用难题；二是电路设计新颖、简单、可靠、控制效果好，如直径为45mm的有刷直流管状电机，采用本申请技术方案后，其控制扭矩可达50牛米，取得了意想不到的技术效果。
附图说明
图1是由达林顿管构成的控制有刷直流管状电机速度的放电回路示意图。
图2是由继电器构成控制有刷直流管状电机速度的放电回路示意图。
图3是由放电回路构成的有刷直流管状电机速度控制电路方框示意图。
图4是由放电回路构成的有刷直流管状电机速度控制电路原理图。
图5是有刷直流管状电机速度控制电路应用示意图。
 本发明的实施方式
实施例1：参照附图1。用于控制有刷直流管状电机速度的放电回路，它包括有刷直流管状电机控制电路，在有刷直流管状电机控制电路的控制回路的输出端与电源负极之间串接一个电阻，构成电机发电时候的放电回路；放电回路由电阻R1、R2、电容C5、三极管Q1构成，Q1集电极与R2一端、C5正极连接且接直流电源正极及采样电路中R5的一端，R2另一端、C5负极连接且接R1一端及直流电源负极，R1另一端接Q1的发射极。所述三极管Q1为达林顿管。
实施例2：在实施例1的基础上，参照附图2。由继电器输出端与电源负极间串接电阻构成构成电机发电时候的放电回路。
实施例3：参照附图3和4。由放电回路构成的有刷直流管状电机速度控制电路，它包括有刷直流管状电机，取样电路从有刷直流管状电机取样的信号输送至放大电路的输入端（电机两端并接一个采样电路），放大电路的信号输出端接电压跟随电路的信号输入端，电压跟随电路的信号输出端接放电回路的信号输入端，放电回路的信号输出端接有刷直流管状电机。所述采样电路由电阻R3、R4、R5、R6 、二极管D4、D5、整流桥D1组成，电阻R3、R4的连接点与放大电路中电阻R7的一端连接，电阻R5、R6的连接点与放大电路中电阻R9的一端连接，电阻R4、R6连接点并接接地。所述放大电路通过电阻R7、R8、R9、R10和（LM358）运放A1构成，电阻R7的一端与R3、R4的连接点连接，另一端与运放A1的2脚和电阻R8的一端连接，R8发热另一端与运放A1的1脚及电压跟随电路中运放A2的5脚连接，R9的另一端与R10 一端及A1的3脚连接，R10另一端接地。所述电压跟随电路由（LM358）运放A2构成，A2的6脚与7脚连接接放电回路中三极管的基极。。
如图5所示，电机工作过程，电机正转，拖动重物上升；电机反转，重物下降。如图4所示，控制器在电机电源输入端AB采样电压，经过电阻R3和R4分压后，即a点电压输入到运放的2脚，电机两端采样电压经过D1整流桥，再经电阻R5和R6分压后，即b点电压输入到运放的3脚。由R7、R8、R9、R10电阻和运放A1构成差分放大电路，运放A2构成电压跟随器。另外，R2、C5、Q1、R1组成电机放电时候的放电回路，将发出的电通过电阻R1消耗。
当电机正转拖重物上升的时候，由于不存在放电状态，采集点输入端电压与电机两端电压有个压差，导致a点电压和b点电压也有压差，但是a点电压高于b点电压，所以运放A1输出的是低电平，经过电压跟随器，输入到Q1,Q1截止，这样放电回路就不工作。
当电机带重物下降的时候，若负载很轻，重物在重力的作用下产生的力矩仍然小于电机产生的是制动力矩时候，电机仍未进入放电状态，这时候，a点电压仍高于b点电压，所以运放A1输出的是低电平，经过电压跟随器，输入到Q1,Q1截止，这样放电回路仍然不工作。
当电机带重物下降的时候，若负载很重，重物在重力的作用下产生的力矩大于电机产生的是制动力矩时候，电机进入放电状态，这时候，电机两端电压电压要高于电机电源输入端电压，这样，两处的采集电压经过分压电阻后，b点电压高于a点电压，所以运放A1输出的是高电平，经过电压跟随器，输入到Q1,Q1导通，这样放电回路就开始工作，放电机相当于带了负载，从而电机速度下降。电机速度下降后，电机两端的电压也随之下降，当达到与输入端电压平衡的时候，运放A1输出低电平，从而Q1截止，放电回路断开。随着重物的下降，放电回路也是始终这样周而复始的在工作，从而使得电机保持匀速的下降。
实施例5：在实施例1-4的基础上，有刷直流管状电机速度的控制方法，其特征是：取样电路从有刷直流管状电机取样的信号经过放大电路放大后且经电压跟随电路跟随，控制放电回路的工作与否，达到控制有刷直流管状电机稳定匀速下降。
当电机在提升重物的时候，放电回路断开；当电机在放下重物的时候，若重物在重力的作用下产生的力矩仍然小于电机产生的最大的制动力矩时候，放电回路断开；若重物在重力的作用下产生的力矩大于电机产生的最大的制动力矩时候，放电回路开始工作，增加制动力矩，保持重力的作用下产生的力矩和电机产生的制动力矩平衡，从而使得电机稳定匀速下降。
在有刷直流管状电机电源输入端AB采样电压且经过电阻R3和R4分压后，将R3、R4的连接点a电压输入到运放A1的2脚，有刷直流管状电机两端采样电压经过D1整流桥，再经电阻R5和R6分压后，R5、R6的连接点b电压输入到运放A1的3脚，经过差分放大电路和电压跟随器， 将放电回路发出的电通过电阻R1消耗；
当有刷直流管状电机正转拖重物上升的时候，采集点输入端电压与直流管状电机两端电压有个压差，导致a点电压和b点电压也有压差，当a点电压高于b点电压时，运放A1输出的是低电平，经过电压跟随器，输入到Q1,Q1截止，放电回路不工作；
当有刷直流管状电机带重物下降的时候，若负载很轻，重物在重力的作用下产生的力矩小于有刷直流管状电机所产生的制动力矩时，有刷直流管状电机仍未进入放电状态，此时a点电压仍高于b点电压，运放A1输出的是低电平，经过电压跟随器，输入到Q1,Q1截止，放电回路仍然不工作；
当有刷直流管状电机带重物下降的时候，若负载很重，重物在重力的作用下产生的力矩大于有刷直流管状电机所产生的制动力矩时，有刷直流管状电机进入放电状态，此时有刷直流管状电机两端电压电压要高于有刷直流管状电机电源输入端电压，当两处的采集电压经过分压电阻后，b点电压高于a点电压，运放A1输出的是高电平，经过电压跟随器，输入到Q1,Q1导通，放电回路就开始工作，放电机相当于带了负载，从而使有刷直流管状电机速度下降，有刷直流管状电机速度下降后，导致有刷直流管状电机两端的电压也随之下降，当达到与输入端电压平衡的时候，运放A1输出低电平，从而Q1截止，放电回路断开，随着重物的下降，放电回路也是始终这样周而复始的在工作，从而使得有刷直流管状电机始终保持平稳、匀速的下降。
需要理解到的是：上述实施例虽然对本发明作了比较详细的文字描述，但是这些文字描述，只是对本发明设计思路的简单文字描述，而不是对发明设计思路的限制，任何不超出本发明设计思路的组合、增加或修改，均落入本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (7)

1、一种有刷直流管状电机速度的控制方法，其特征是：取样电路从有刷直流管状电机取样的信号经过放大电路放大后且经电压跟随电路跟随，控制放电回路的工作与否，达到控制有刷直流管状电机稳定匀速下降；当电机在提升重物的时候，放电回路断开；当电机在放下重物的时候，若重物在重力的作用下产生的力矩仍然小于电机产生的最大的制动力矩时候，放电回路断开；若重物在重力的作用下产生的力矩大于电机产生的最大的制动力矩时候，放电回路开始工作，增加制动力矩，保持重力的作用下产生的力矩和电机产生的制动力矩平衡，从而使得电机稳定匀速下降。
2、根据权利要求1所述的有刷直流管状电机速度的控制方法，其特征是：在有刷直流管状电机电源输入端AB采样电压且经过电阻R3和R4分压后，将R3、R4的连接点a电压输入到运放A1的2脚，有刷直流管状电机两端采样电压经过D1整流桥，再经电阻R5和R6分压后，R5、R6的连接点b电压输入到运放A1的3脚，经过差分放大电路和电压跟随器， 将放电回路发出的电通过电阻R1消耗； 当有刷直流管状电机正转拖重物上升的时候，采集点输入端电压与有刷直流管状电机两端电压有个压差，导致a点电压和b点电压也有压差，当a点电压高于b点电压时，运放A1输出的是低电平，经过电压跟随器，输入到Q1,Q1截止，放电回路不工作； 当有刷直流管状电机带重物下降的时候，若负载很轻，重物在重力的作用下产生的力矩小于有刷直流管状电机所产生的制动力矩时，有刷直流管状电机仍未进入放电状态，此时a点电压仍高于b点电压，运放A1输出的是低电平，经过电压跟随器，输入到Q1,Q1截止，放电回路仍然不工作；当有刷直流管状电机带重物下降的时候，若负载很重，重物在重力的作用下产生的力矩大于有刷直流管状电机所产生的制动力矩时，有刷直流管状电机进入放电状态，此时有刷直流管状电机两端电压电压要高于有刷直流管状电机电源输入端电压，当两处的采集电压经过分压电阻后，b点电压高于a点电压，运放A1输出的是高电平，经过电压跟随器，输入到Q1,Q1导通，放电回路就开始工作，放电机相当于带了负载，从而使有刷直流管状电机速度下降，有刷直流管状电机速度下降后，导致有刷直流管状电机两端的电压也随之下降，当达到与输入端电压平衡的时候，运放A1输出低电平，从而Q1截止，放电回路断开，随着重物的下降，放电回路也是始终这样周而复始的在工作，从而使得有刷直流管状电机始终保持平稳、匀速的下降。
3、一种用于控制有刷直流管状电机速度的放电回路，它包括有刷直流管状电机控制电路，其特征是：在有刷直流管状电机控制电路的控制回路的输出端与电源负极之间串接一个电阻，构成电机发电时候的放电回路，放电回路由电阻R1、R2、电容C5、三极管Q1构成，Q1集电极与R2一端、C5正极连接且接直流电源正极及采样电路中R5的一端，R2另一端、C5负极连接且接R1一端及直流电源负极，R1另一端接Q1的发射极。
4、根据权利要求3所述的用于控制有刷直流管状电机速度的放电回路，其特征是：所述三极管为达林顿管。
5、一种由放电回路构成的有刷直流管状电机速度控制电路，它包括有刷直流管状电机，其特征是：取样电路从有刷直流管状电机取样的信号输送至放大电路的输入端，放大电路的信号输出端接电压跟随电路的信号输入端，电压跟随电路的信号输出端接放电回路的信号输入端，放电回路的信号输出端接有刷直流管状电机；所述采样电路由电阻R3、R4、R5、R6 、二极管D4、D5、整流桥D1组成，电阻R3、R4的连接点与放大电路中电阻R7的一端连接，电阻R5、R6的连接点与放大电路中电阻R9的一端连接，电阻R4、R6连接点并接接地。
6、根据权利要求5所述的由放电回路构成的有刷直流管状电机速度控制电路，其特征是：所述放大电路通过电阻R7、R8、R9、R10和运放A1构成，电阻R7的一端与R3、R4的连接点连接，另一端与运放A1的2脚和电阻R8的一端连接，R8发热另一端与运放A1的1脚及电压跟随电路中运放A2的5脚连接，R9的另一端与R10一端及A1的3脚连接，R10另一端接地。
7、根据权利要求5所述的由放电回路构成的有刷直流管状电机速度控制电路，其特征是：所述电压跟随电路由运放A2构成，A2的6脚与7脚连接接放电回路中三极管的基极。
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CN101860307A (zh) 2010-10-13
DE212010000210U1 (de) 2013-05-22
AU2012100358A4 (en) 2012-04-26

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