WO2011107633A1 - Équipement océanographique pour le prélèvement d'échantillons de plancton pouvant être utilisé avec des rosettes de prélèvement - Google Patents

Équipement océanographique pour le prélèvement d'échantillons de plancton pouvant être utilisé avec des rosettes de prélèvement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011107633A1
WO2011107633A1 PCT/ES2011/000052 ES2011000052W WO2011107633A1 WO 2011107633 A1 WO2011107633 A1 WO 2011107633A1 ES 2011000052 W ES2011000052 W ES 2011000052W WO 2011107633 A1 WO2011107633 A1 WO 2011107633A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
oceanographic
plankton
samples
rosettes
collection
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2011/000052
Other languages
English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
Juan Ignacio Gonzalez Gordillo
Original Assignee
Universidad De Cádiz (Otri)
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Universidad De Cádiz (Otri) filed Critical Universidad De Cádiz (Otri)
Publication of WO2011107633A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011107633A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K73/00—Drawn nets
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K74/00—Other catching nets or the like
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K75/00—Accessories for fishing nets; Details of fishing nets, e.g. structure
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K80/00—Harvesting oysters, mussels, sponges or the like
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
    • G01N1/12—Dippers; Dredgers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
    • G01N2001/1006—Dispersed solids
    • G01N2001/1012—Suspensions
    • G01N2001/1025—Liquid suspensions; Slurries; Mud; Sludge

Definitions

  • plankton networks with controlled opening and closing systems, oceanographic bottles and suction systems combined with plankton networks. Each of these techniques is chosen based on the size of the organisms that wish to be studied, their abundance and their density in the environment.
  • plankton networks is aimed at sampling organisms belonging to larger fractions (greater than 200 microns), for which it is necessary to filter large volumes of water to obtain representative samples.
  • the simplest networks include opening and closing systems operated by messengers (a small weight that is sent from the surface and slides along the traction cable to the network).
  • messengers a small weight that is sent from the surface and slides along the traction cable to the network.
  • plankton networks such as the MultiPlankton Sampier or the Longhurst-Hardy Plankton Recorder, use automated systems for opening and closing the networks, including depth sensors, which ensures the collection of plankton samples at a specific depth.
  • this type of equipment implies a robust, bulky and heavy design of the equipment, which make its management depends on the use of a boat equipped with pens or porches ad hoc and personnel specialized in deck maneuvers.
  • sampling of organisms belonging to fractions smaller than 200 microns with plankton nets is rare, since the high sizes of the entrance openings of the networks and / or the drag speeds developed by the vessels used cause a rapid clogging of the networks giving rise to useless samples.
  • the sampling methodology itself implies that the network should be taken to the depth of sampling and subsequently uploaded on board.
  • the depth of study is high, exceeding 1000 m, the start and turn times of plankton networks can cover several hours, when the truly effective sampling time implies few minutes.
  • plankton networks are currently not viable for the collection of planktonic organisms belonging to small fractions (less than 200 microns) at high depths, since their management entails a high cost in terms of material, human infrastructure and time of execution.
  • plankton networks could be the use of oceanographic bottles (such as Pat. N2 5,094,113 - USA).
  • the volume of filtered water could be insufficient, mainly for the oceanographic bottles generally used have a capacity of 12 I). This problem is accentuated when sampling in oligotrophic areas where a larger volume of sampling is required. Thus, the samples obtained by these methods may not be representative due to the low volume filtered.
  • Patent N3 US 2005/0274204 Al (USA) represents a considerable improvement in the technique of collecting plankton samples with respect to those described above, being able to obtain samples at certain depths, simply and at a low cost.
  • the protection received by the filter mesh is scarce, protection that becomes indispensable when the mesh used is equal to or less than 20 microns (micrometer used for example to obtain microplankton samples), which makes it excessively delicate for handling aboard oceanographic ships in which blows or small hooks are inevitable.
  • its use coupled to oceanographic rosettes requires the reservation of two of the automatic triggers located in the rosettes, preventing them from being used for other purposes.
  • the morphology is very similar in all existing ones.
  • collectors The correct cleaning of this type of collectors is not fast, since part of the small organisms remain attached to the walls of the collector when it is turned to the funnel and some expertise is needed to avoid losing organisms.
  • the collectors provided with a final key avoid having to turn the collector for cleaning, which considerably facilitates its use, but the key mechanism itself makes the effective diameter for the output of the filtered material to be very small, causing frequent jams in this point. Therefore, collectors must be designed with a lower outlet but avoiding keys or any type of mechanism that involves a trap for the sampled organisms.
  • the purpose of this invention is to obtain samples of planktonic organisms at any depth, simultaneously with water sampling performed with oceanographic rosettes, without the use of complicated mechanical devices and with low manufacturing and handling costs. Its design also allows the fixation of the organisms sampled instantly, avoiding predation between them.
  • the oceanographic equipment for the collection of plankton samples is implemented to work coupled to a rosette of oceanographic bottles, but could also be used autonomously if it is attached to a weighted oceanographic cable.
  • the general operation of the oceanographic equipment for the collection of plankton samples is based on the channeling and filtering of a certain volume of water through a small plankton network contained within a rigid structure (housing), provided in turn with a terminal collector .
  • the water to be sampled enters through an upper opening, crosses the plankton network of a specific micrometer and exits through windows and evacuation holes.
  • the organisms are retained by the network and accumulate in the terminal collector from which they are subsequently extracted.
  • a constant water flow must be established to ensure the entry of organisms into the network. This flow is achieved thanks to the vertical displacement of the equipment (from bottom to top) along the water column.
  • This closure is achieved by releasing a tensioning cable that joins the upper cover of the oceanographic equipment and one of the automatic triggers of the remote closing mechanism used by the oceanographic rosette to close the different sampling bottles.
  • springs placed on the top cover of the system act by closing the housing.
  • the entrance of water to the equipment is sealed, preventing the entry of water from other depths and, therefore, preventing contamination of the sample by other organisms.
  • the system has a collector located at the lower end where the collected organisms will accumulate. Depending on the purpose of the samples, it may be preferred that the organisms arrive preserved or alive to the surface.
  • the configuration of the collector can be of two types: i) a collector provided with small side windows for the evacuation of the filtered water and which can be filled with a certain amount of fixing solution; and i) a collector with large side windows that allows high evacuation efficiency and where living organisms are retained.
  • the collector provided with a space full of preservative solution, the organisms when they reach this point come into contact with this solution and die almost instantaneously, avoiding predation between them. This aspect is very relevant when the samples are taken at great depths and take a few hours to surface.
  • the collector is easy to place and remove, allowing rapid replacement and convenient sample washing.
  • the design of the collector allows the sample to be extracted vertically through a flexible plastic tube of small length located at its lower end. This tube is closed by an easy-to-remove plastic cap. This mechanism prevents organisms from being retained in any type of mechanism and their removal is quick and safe.
  • the calculation of the volume of filtered water is estimated by solving the following equation: h being the depth sampling start (maximum depth), h f the final depth (closed network) r the radius of the inlet opening.
  • the equipment is designed to be placed in the metal structure (frame) of an oceanographic rosette, adapting to it and without impeding the placement of the remaining sampling bottles. In fact, to fit each case, the equipment could be manufactured of the same diameter and length as the oceanographic bottles that make up the rosette, thus avoiding incompatibilities.
  • the carcass and the net have pre-established measures depending on the type of rosette used, the mesh may have a variable micrometer, appropriate to the type of organisms to be sampled. DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES.
  • FIG. 1 General view of the Oceanographic Equipment for the collection of plankton samples applicable to oceanographic rosettes.
  • FIG. 1 Longitudinal section of the Oceanographic Equipment for the collection of plankton samples applicable to oceanographic rosettes, where the plankton network housed inside it can be seen.
  • Figure 3. Detail of the fastening of the plankton net to the lower cover of the housing.
  • FIG. 1 Detail of the top cover that tightly closes the housing.
  • Figure 6. General view of the collector designed for filling with fixing solution.
  • Figure 7. Overview of the standard manifold
  • the oceanographic equipment for the collection of plankton samples applicable to oceanographic rosettes comprises in a single dedicated structure:
  • a housing that allows the anchoring of the sample collection equipment in other oceanographic equipment, channels and regulates the flow of water to be filtered and gives protection to the plankton network.
  • the size and shape of the housing is optimized to be assembled to an oceanographic rosette, without making it difficult to place other bottles and the anchoring mechanism to place it in oceanographic rosettes is adapted to the shape and size of the housing.
  • the housing has an opening in its upper and lower part, which allows, when the first one is open, that water flows through it, dragging the planktonic organisms to the plankton network housed inside.
  • the upper opening of the housing has a lid whose closure is controlled by a spring mechanism.
  • This lid remains open during sampling, thanks to a thin tensioning cable that is fixed at the opposite end to one of the triggers of the oceanographic rosette.
  • the closing of the cover is produced by releasing the tensioning cable and the action of springs located in the housing that work in opposition to the tensioning cable.
  • the housing has at its lower end a fixed cover that has water drainage holes and in which the lower end of the plankton net (on the inside) and the collector (on the outside) is secured.
  • Both the upper and lower cover of the housing are easily removable to change the type of network that houses inside, because it can be replaced by another depending on the fraction of plankton that you want to collect.
  • the plankton net remains immobile, attached to the upper edge and lower cover of the housing.
  • Attached to the outer face of the lower cover of the housing there is a collector, whose function is to collect the filtered plankton.
  • the shape and size of this collector will vary depending on the fraction of sampled plankton and the housing used.
  • the collector will be attached to the housing by means of an anchoring mechanism that allows its rapid removal or replacement.
  • the collector has side windows for the evacuation of filtered water, each of them provided with a filter mesh of the same micrometer as the net mounted inside the housing, which prevents the exit of the captured organisms and at its lower end, the collector presents a hole with a flexible plastic tube for sample extraction.
  • the size of the side evacuation windows of the collector can vary according to whether or not to obtain a preserved sample. In the case that it is preferred to obtain a conserved sample, the windows will be small in size, with a length less than 50% of the total length of the collector, they will be located in the upper half, leaving the bottom part of the collector as a receptacle for liquids, the which can be filled with a fixing solution, which fixes the organisms collected, preventing predation from occurring between them.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un équipement océanographique pour le prélèvement d'échantillons de plancton pouvant être utilisé avec des rosettes de prélèvement. Cet équipement comprend une carcasse, un filet à plancton et un collecteur. La carcasse protège le filet, présente une ouverture supérieure et une autre inférieure. L'ouverture supérieure comprend un couvercle qui peut être ouvert ou fermé par un mécanisme à ressorts commandé par un câble de tension. La carcasse comprend des fenêtres sur l'extrémité supérieure et un couvercle fixe inférieur pourvu de trous pour permettre l'évacuation de l'eau. Le filet à plancton est fixé au bord supérieur de la carcasse et au couvercle fixe inférieur. Le collecteur, dont la fonction est de prélever le plancton filtré, est fixé à la face externe du couvercle fixe inférieur et présente des fenêtres latérales pour l'évacuation de l'eau filtrée. Si l'on désire obtenir des échantillons conservés, lesdites fenêtres seront situées dans la moitié supérieure du collecteur.
PCT/ES2011/000052 2010-03-05 2011-02-24 Équipement océanographique pour le prélèvement d'échantillons de plancton pouvant être utilisé avec des rosettes de prélèvement WO2011107633A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES201000285A ES2377070B2 (es) 2010-03-05 2010-03-05 Equipo oceanográfico para la recogida de muestras de plancton aplicable a rosetas oceanográficas.
ESP201000285 2010-03-05

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2011107633A1 true WO2011107633A1 (fr) 2011-09-09

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PCT/ES2011/000052 WO2011107633A1 (fr) 2010-03-05 2011-02-24 Équipement océanographique pour le prélèvement d'échantillons de plancton pouvant être utilisé avec des rosettes de prélèvement

Country Status (2)

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ES (1) ES2377070B2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011107633A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104865098A (zh) * 2015-05-21 2015-08-26 大连海洋大学 大型藻类附着生物采样装置及采样方法
WO2017021562A1 (fr) * 2015-08-03 2017-02-09 Oceomic, Marine Bio And Technology, S.L. Dispositif et procédé pour l'échantillonnage représentatif de gaz et d'une matière dissoute et particulaire contenue dans une masse d'eau
CN108605903A (zh) * 2018-04-26 2018-10-02 国家海洋局第二海洋研究所 浮游生物采样拖网

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113475468B (zh) * 2021-05-31 2022-11-18 海南大学 一种适用于海洋浮游生物的收集装置

Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2720047A (en) * 1953-03-19 1955-10-11 Univ California High-speed plankton collector
US3310984A (en) * 1964-11-17 1967-03-28 George A Swanson Automatic plankton sampling system
US3461591A (en) * 1967-11-03 1969-08-19 Univ California Underwater sampling apparatus
US3475846A (en) * 1968-01-26 1969-11-04 Us Navy Nekton sampler
US3987572A (en) * 1975-05-15 1976-10-26 Plankton Resources, Inc. Tidal operated plankton harvester
US4089131A (en) * 1977-03-03 1978-05-16 Trippensee Corporation Apparatus for separably coupling a sample container to a sample gathering device
SU738569A1 (ru) * 1977-01-04 1980-06-05 Dyachenko Innokentij P Устройство дл облова планктонных организмов
JPS5819534A (ja) * 1981-07-28 1983-02-04 Shigeru Motoda 所求深さの層の水中生物その他の採集装置
US4399629A (en) * 1981-03-05 1983-08-23 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Collecting apparatus
US4646577A (en) * 1983-08-05 1987-03-03 Holgate Corporation Plankton sample taking apparatus
SU1486129A1 (ru) * 1987-04-08 1989-06-15 Inst Biolog Yuzhn Morej Im A O Устройство для сбора проб планктона мельникова
US5578768A (en) * 1994-10-04 1996-11-26 Trippensee Corporation Plankton sample taking apparatus
US20050274204A1 (en) * 2003-06-27 2005-12-15 Svenn Linde Arrangement for plankton net

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU1525965A1 (ru) * 1987-10-21 1994-08-15 Сибирский научно-исследовательский и проектно-конструкторский институт рыбного хозяйства Устройство для лова планктона

Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2720047A (en) * 1953-03-19 1955-10-11 Univ California High-speed plankton collector
US3310984A (en) * 1964-11-17 1967-03-28 George A Swanson Automatic plankton sampling system
US3461591A (en) * 1967-11-03 1969-08-19 Univ California Underwater sampling apparatus
US3475846A (en) * 1968-01-26 1969-11-04 Us Navy Nekton sampler
US3987572A (en) * 1975-05-15 1976-10-26 Plankton Resources, Inc. Tidal operated plankton harvester
SU738569A1 (ru) * 1977-01-04 1980-06-05 Dyachenko Innokentij P Устройство дл облова планктонных организмов
US4089131A (en) * 1977-03-03 1978-05-16 Trippensee Corporation Apparatus for separably coupling a sample container to a sample gathering device
US4399629A (en) * 1981-03-05 1983-08-23 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Collecting apparatus
JPS5819534A (ja) * 1981-07-28 1983-02-04 Shigeru Motoda 所求深さの層の水中生物その他の採集装置
US4646577A (en) * 1983-08-05 1987-03-03 Holgate Corporation Plankton sample taking apparatus
SU1486129A1 (ru) * 1987-04-08 1989-06-15 Inst Biolog Yuzhn Morej Im A O Устройство для сбора проб планктона мельникова
US5578768A (en) * 1994-10-04 1996-11-26 Trippensee Corporation Plankton sample taking apparatus
US20050274204A1 (en) * 2003-06-27 2005-12-15 Svenn Linde Arrangement for plankton net

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104865098A (zh) * 2015-05-21 2015-08-26 大连海洋大学 大型藻类附着生物采样装置及采样方法
WO2017021562A1 (fr) * 2015-08-03 2017-02-09 Oceomic, Marine Bio And Technology, S.L. Dispositif et procédé pour l'échantillonnage représentatif de gaz et d'une matière dissoute et particulaire contenue dans une masse d'eau
CN108605903A (zh) * 2018-04-26 2018-10-02 国家海洋局第二海洋研究所 浮游生物采样拖网

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Publication number Publication date
ES2377070B2 (es) 2013-02-11
ES2377070A1 (es) 2012-03-22

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