WO2011107464A2

WO2011107464A2 - Heating system and method for operating a heating system

Info

Publication number: WO2011107464A2
Application number: PCT/EP2011/053009
Authority: WO
Inventors: Harald Fonfara; Lars Weissmann
Original assignee: Kermi Gmbh
Priority date: 2010-03-03
Filing date: 2011-03-01
Publication date: 2011-09-09
Also published as: WO2011107464A3; DE102010019490A1; EP2542839A2; RU2012141941A

Abstract

The invention relates to a heating system and to a method for operating such a heating system in a building with multiple heating surfaces, in particular a heating system with a heat generator. The heating system for a building with multiple heating surfaces (5a, b, c) comprises at least one heat generator (1); a circulating pump (2); a central regulator for detecting the operating states of the heat generator and for detecting the required operating parameters, such as the flow temperature and/or return temperature of the heating surfaces; control elements (6a, b, c); flow and return lines (VL, RL) for the fluidic connection between the heat generator and the heating surfaces in a cycle; and at least one room regulating device that acts on the control elements. The heating surfaces (5a, b, c) can be used as buffer stores for the heat generator (1). The control elements (6a, b, c) of the heating surfaces allow switching the flow direction of the heating surfaces, and a bypass line (3) branches from the central return line (RL) upstream of the inlet into the heat generator (1), said bypass line being fluidically connected to a switching valve (4), which lies in the flow line (VL) that leads away from the heat generator (1), in order to bypass the heat generator (1).

Description

Heating system and method for operating a heating system Description

The invention relates to a heating system and method for operating such a heating system in a building with a plurality of heating surfaces, in particular a

Heating system with a heat generator in the form of a heat pump.

The prior art discloses a variety of heat pumps for use as heat generators for building heating. The heating load of a building goes through different values in the course of a heating period from just over 0% of the standard heating load at the start of the heating period up to 100% of the standard heating load on the coldest days of the year.

The associated cyclic process and thus the performance of a heat pump are modulatable only within limits and with considerable effort. As technical solutions for this u. a. the inverter technology, digital scroll compressor or multi-stage

Refrigeration circuits known. The degree of modulation, ie the lower limit of the achievable power is in the range of 40 to 50%. For heating systems with one

Heat pump as a heat generator is therefore often a buffer memory to compensate for the actual demand and the minimum power of the heat generator

interposed, which stores the excess supply of heat and gives a time delay to the Raumheizflächen. This avoids that the heat generator, so the heat pump clocks, d. H. in short cycles on and off, which is at the expense of the life of the heat pump. The disadvantage here is that a buffer always to a deterioration of the energy balance of the overall system by temperature losses, but also by heat conduction in the buffer medium, by disturbances of the

Thermal stratification during loading operations and to a lesser extent by the additional hydraulic resistance at the inflow leads. In addition, the need for a buffer memory always means additional equipment and investment and space requirements.

The object of the invention is therefore a heating system with a

Heat generator, preferably in the form of a heat pump and with heating surfaces available, in which can be dispensed with the usual buffer memory and a method for operating such a system. In addition to heat pumps, other heat generators come with a minimum output and the danger unfavorable Taktens falls below it. By way of example, two circulating water heaters with a design-related minimum mass flow may be mentioned here.

This should improve both the energy balance, the investment of the plant and the life of the heat generator.

The invention assumes that existing in a building heating surfaces than

Use buffer storage or use special heating surfaces, which can be used for the heat pump as a buffer storage. As heating surfaces are preferably radiators with high thermal storage capacity, e.g. with high net weight and high water content (e.g., tube radiators).

The heat pump heating system includes a heat pump as a heat generator, with a heat pump controller, on the one hand detects and evaluates the operating conditions of the heat pump and on the other hand on the detection of the outside temperature and the adjustment with a programmed, usually time-dependent heating curve the required

Operating parameters such as flow temperature and / or return temperature of the heating surfaces determined. The system also includes a switching valve to bypass the

Heat generator, several heating surfaces for heat dissipation in the individual rooms, for example, a house, with a preferred large, in the relevant

Temperature range thermally effective heat storage capacity, for example, due to large water content, high net weight, associated with the heating surface components with high thermal storage capacity heat, such. PCM

(Latent heat storage materials) concrete, magnesite, wherein the heating surfaces are provided to achieve a high thermal heat storage capacity with inputs or attachments made of these materials or wholly or partly consist of

associated with the heating surfaces actuators, which represent the fluidic connection between the heating network and the heating surface, which influence the mass flow of the heating medium and thus the heat output of the respective heating surfaces and change the direction of flow through the heating surface due to a control signal;

several room control devices that act on the actuators that affect the heat output of the heating surface as a function of setpoint specifications of the room temperatures, which have a switching hysteresis, ie in the space heating over an upper

If the temperature is exceeded, the further heating of the room is terminated by closing the actuator and a temperature at which

Below the heating of the room by opening the actuator starts;

which are in bidirectional relationship with the heat pump controller;

to monitor and evaluate the gradient of the room temperature in the heating and cooling phases of a room and know the thermally effective heat storage capacity of the or in each room located heating surface (s) or have determined adaptively from the evaluation of the heating up and Abheizverhaltens.

The operation of a heating system without buffer and without the

inventive method is as follows:

In the morning heating phase of a building, practically all rooms of the

Building a need for heat energy. The room controllers report this requirement to the heat pump controller, which then starts the heat pump. This also starts the

Heating of the individual rooms.

After a first period of time, in which practically all rooms have a need for heating, the cover of the room heat demand is gradually confirmed by individual room controllers in a second heating section. Since the heat pump does not or only insufficiently modulates, it will clock towards the end of the second period to adjust the supply of heat to the heat demand, so cycle on and off. A third period is characterized in that only a few rooms one

Have heat demand. The heat pump is clocking. Remedy, however, can currently only be achieved by means of a buffer memory, which also in the event that uses a so-called. Blocking tariff of the electricity supplier is provided in the blocking periods to a limited extent heat.

Alternatively, the operation of a heat pump heating system without

Buffer memory and with the inventive control as follows:

In the morning heating phase of a building, practically all rooms of the

Heating of the individual rooms.

After a first period of time, in which practically all rooms have a need for heating heat, the cover of the room heat requirement is gradually confirmed by individual room controllers in a second heating section. The valves in the rooms where the heat demand is already covered, ie the room temperature has reached the shutdown temperature, are closed at this time, while in the other rooms, the valves of the heating surfaces located there are still open.

If, due to decreasing number of still open radiator valves, the mass flow at the heat generator has become so low that the lower power limit of Heat generator is reached, the heat pump controller stops the further heat generation, the central circulation pump remains in operation.

The heat pump controller now controls the actuators in those rooms whose room temperature has reached the upper shutdown, and there causes a switching of the actuator such that their heating surfaces now in the reverse flow direction, ie from the return to the flow, flows through and bypassing the

Heat generator hot heating water for the remaining remaining heating of the not yet fully heated rooms is provided.

This recovery of heat energy from a heated room continues until the room temperature falls below the switch-on temperature in this room. If this is the case with several rooms, the heat pump controller recognizes that enough rooms have a need for heating and that this requirement is at least as high as the minimum output of the heat generator. Now, the reversal of the flow direction is reversed on all room controllers and the relevant rooms are heated again until reaching the upper shutdown temperature.

If so-called lock-up tariffs come into operation when operating the heat pump, the method described is also applicable to a limited extent.

This ensures that without the use of a buffer memory taking advantage of the thermal inertia of rooms, including a resulting from a controller P-band hysteresis of the room temperature and taking advantage of the

Heat storage capacity of the heating surfaces a quasi-continuous operation of

Heat pump, done.

In Fig. 1 is a heating circuit with the components heat generator 1, circulating pump 2, bypass line 3 with changeover valve 4, 3 in a greatly simplified form

Heating surfaces 5a-c and the associated actuators 6a-c in the form of loading and

Unloading valves shown. When loading the bypass line is out of service, all actuators 6a-c are loaded in the position, this represents the usual operating state of each heating system. With continuous loading to reach the heating surfaces 5b and 5c associated rooms reach their respective upper shutdown, the actuators would normally shut down.

2, the situation of the invention is shown. Since the amount of water required for the residual charge of the space 5a to heating surface falls below the minimum amount of water required for the heat generator 1, the heat generator 1 goes out of operation, the changeover valve 4 is switched by the central controller in the unloading position, as well as the actuators 6b, c on the heating surfaces 5b and 5c. As the circulation pump 2 continues to run, the energy is removed from the heating surfaces 5b and 5c, so that the residual charge for the Heating 5a to accomplish. If all room controllers detect a room temperature within the controller P-band, all actuators close to the heating surfaces and possibly even the circulation pump can be switched off.

If one of the room controllers reports a new requirement, the central controller checks whether heat energy can not be taken from the heating surfaces of one or more rooms, if so, the process of discharging is repeated, if not, ie if several room controllers detect temperatures close to the lower switch-on temperature , heat generator and, if necessary, circulation pump start and all valves are switched to the loading position.

Claims

claims

1 . Heating system for a building with a plurality of heating surfaces (5a, b, c) comprising at least one heat generator (1), a circulating pump (2), a central controller for detecting the operating conditions of the heat generator and for determining the

required operating parameters such as flow temperature and / or return temperature of the heating surfaces, actuators (6a, b, c) and supply and return lines (VL, RL) for the fluidic connection in a cyclic process between the heat generator and the heating surfaces and at least one room control device on the Actuators acts, characterized in that the heating surfaces (5a, b, c) for the heat generator (1) can be used as a buffer memory, wherein the actuators (6a, b, c) of the heating surfaces a

Allow switching of the flow direction of the heating surfaces and from the central return line (RL) before entering the heat generator (1) branches off a bypass line (3) arranged with a switching valve (4) arranged in the flow line (VL) leaving the heat generator (1). to bypass the heat generator (1) is fluidly connected.

2. Heating installation according to claim 1, characterized in that a heat modulator modulating in operation with a minimum power is used as the heat generator (1), such as e.g. Heat pump, circulating water heater or similar heat generator with a constructive minimum mass flow of the heating water.

3. Heating system according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that a heat pump is provided as the heat generator (4).

4. Heating installation according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the heating surfaces (5a, b, c) are provided with a large, in the relevant temperature range thermally effective heat storage capacity, in particular as a result of large water content and high dead weight.

5. Heating system according to claim 4, characterized in that radiators are used as heating surfaces, preferably tubes and / or surface heating such as floor, wall or ceiling heating.

6. Heating system according to one of the above claims, characterized in that the heating surfaces to achieve a high thermal heat storage capacity with Components or attachments made of concrete, magnesite or latent heat storage materials (PCM) are provided or consist entirely or partially thereof.

7. Heating system according to one of the o. G. Claims, characterized in that a controller is used, on the one hand detects the operating conditions of the heat generator and evaluates and on the other hand on the detection of the outside temperature and the adjustment with a programmed, usually time-dependent heating curve the required

Operating parameters such as flow temperature and / or return temperature of the heating surfaces determined.

8. Heating system according to one of the o. G. Claims, characterized in that the belonging to the heating surfaces actuators, which represent the fluidic connection between the heat generator and the heating surface, the mass flow of the heating medium and thus influence the heat output of the respective heating surfaces and due to

Control signals change the flow direction through the heating surface.

9. Heating system according to one of the o. G. Claims, characterized in that the room control devices that act on the actuators, the heat output of

Influencing heating surfaces as a function of setpoint specifications of room temperatures.

10. Heating system according to claim 9, characterized in that the

Room control devices have a switching hysteresis, according to which an upper shutdown temperature is provided in the space heating, the exceeding of the further heating of the room by closing the actuators of the heating surfaces is stopped and further provided a temperature below which the heating of the room takes place by opening the actuators ,

1 1. Heating system according to claims 9 and 10, characterized in that the room control devices are in bidirectional operative relationship with the controller and monitor and evaluate the gradient of the room temperature course in the heating and Abkühlphasen a room and the thermally effective heat storage capacity of or located in each room heating surface (n) know and / or adaptively determine from the evaluation of the heating and Abheizverhaltens the heating surfaces.

12. Method for operating a heating system with multiple heating surfaces in one

Building, wherein the heating system according to the features of at least one of claims 1 to 1 1 is formed, characterized in that

upon reaching the lower power limit of the heat generator by the controller of the heat generator, the heat generation despite existing needs for residual heating of individual heating surfaces is completed and the heat for the required residual heating of heating surfaces by reversing the flow direction and the operation of the circulation pump from the return of heating surfaces of those rooms is removed , whose room temperature has reached the upper shutdown, wherein the controller of the heat generator controls the arranged in the bypass line switching valve and the actuators of the heating surfaces of those rooms whose room temperature has reached the upper Abschaltwert and the actuators switches such that their heating surfaces in the reverse flow direction of the return to flow through the flow and bypassing the heat generator via the switching valve and the bypass line warm

Heating water for the remaining remaining heating of not yet fully heated heating surfaces is provided.

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that the reversal of

Flow direction reversed when the controller of the heat generator detects that again enough rooms or heating surfaces have a need for heating and this demand is at least as large as the minimum power of the heat generator.

14. Process according to claims 12 and 13, characterized in that the reversal of the flow direction reversed when the room temperature below the

Switch-on temperature drops.