DE102008061135A1 - Method for controlling or regulating a heating system and heating system - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for controlling a heating system (1) with a buffer store (2) which can be charged by a boiler (3, 68) with a boiler pump (26, 70) and has three connections (20, 21, 22, 23) at one another, one directly connected to the buffer memory (2) high-temperature heating branch (5) and indirectly via a system separation (46) and controllable by a three-point signal controllable valve (44) in its flow temperature controllable low-temperature heating branch (6), both of which form a heat sink in which the following operating conditions are possible: The secondary-side flow temperature of the low-temperature heating branch (6) is changed by acting on the primary side flow of the system separation (46) either by changing the mixing ratio of boiler flow water and high-temperature Heizzweig return water or by changing the flow rate of High-temperature Heizzweig-return water, wherein the flow rate of the heating medium through the high-temperature heating branch (5) and the system separation (46) of the low-temperature heating branch from a single arranged in the boiler flow pump or arranged in the high-temperature Heizzweig-return differential pressure valve (40) applied and not flowing through the system separation part of the high-temperature heating branch Return is fed back separately from the primary-side low-temperature Heizzweig-return from the system separation to the buffer memory.

Description

The The present invention initially relates to a method the introductory features of the independent method claims and then further to a heating system according to the introductory features independent device claims.

In as an addition to the German patent application DE 102 14 242 formulated German patent application published as DE-A the same number DE 102 45 571 is disclosed both as in the underlying patent application DE 102 14 242 described multi-way mixing valve for supplying a two-circuit heating system of two partial heat sources and with a heat source for operating a heat exchanger can be used as a system separation for the low temperature heating branch of a two-circuit heating system.

• 1. Die Fähigkeit der spezifischen Wärmeaufnahme des Puffers muss möglichst hoch sein.
• 2. Hohe Temperaturen im Puffer müssen möglichst lange erhalten bleiben.

On the one hand, heating systems with such mostly regenerative partial heat sources are becoming more and more important due to the shortage and increase in the price of fossil energy reserves as well as the increasing limitation of emissions of climate-damaging greenhouse gases. Due to the limited performance or lower controllability of this part of the heat generation storage of regenerative heat is essential. For this purpose, usually filled with water or similar fluid heating media buffer storage are used. The supply of so-called sensible heat increases the temperature of the heating medium in the buffer tank. If this is insufficient in the case of heat extraction to meet a specific requirement - such as DHW heating, radiator or surface heating - it must be reheated by a high-performance, easily controllable and therefore usually fossil or electric peak load source. In order to maximize the proportion of regeneratively generated heat in any kind of annual demand profile, heat storage must strive for the following goals:

• 1. The ability of the specific heat absorption of the buffer must be as high as possible.
• 2. High temperatures in the buffer must be maintained as long as possible.

These two goals are brought about by the in the DE 102 45 571 A1 described operation of the multi-way mixing valve with two partial heat sources already achieved. On the other hand, existing low-temperature circuits are often equipped with system separations in the case of renovation, in order to protect modern boilers against corrosion damage by oxygen diffusion through plastic pipes. This not only requires the use of an additional pump. Very often, an excessively high volume flow on the generator side of the system separation leads to an excessively high return temperature in the heat source. High return temperatures, however, not only lead to lower utilization rates of modern condensing boilers; For the reasons mentioned, they can, above all, significantly reduce the proportion of regeneratively generated heat in any type of annual demand profile.

Of the The present invention is therefore based on the object, said adverse effect of the use of system separations or System separation heat exchangers and additional Pumps in low-temperature heating branches caused too high return temperatures to reduce the proportion of regeneratively generated partial heat.

These Task is in a method of the beginning designated in more detail Art according to the invention primarily by the features the independent method claims and second Line solved by the features of the independent device claims.

These inventive method and its operation enabling inventive devices thus describe the two operating states "high-temperature mixing" or "low-temperature throttling".

Five embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to 1 to 5 explained in detail the drawing.

It demonstrate:

1 a hydraulic circuit diagram of a heating system with a boiler,

2 a detail from 1 with a variant,

3 another modification 1 with typical wall-hung circulating water heaters,

4 a third variant of the invention and

5 a fourth embodiment of the invention.

In all five figures mean like reference numerals the same details.

A heating system 1 has essentially five elements, namely a buffer memory 2 , a well controllable peak load boiler 3 , a mixing valve device 4 , a high temperature heating branch 5 and a low temperature heating branch 6 , which together form a heat sink and the all connected by a plurality of lines.

The cache 2 is formed by an upright vessel through the top 7 one with a valve 8th provided service water pipe 9 going on. An interior 10 of the vessel is through a step insert 11 divided, which has a hot water room 12 from a heating water room 13 separates. Alternatively, the interior is formed as a helically shaped heat exchanger tube. In the lower area of the hot water room 12 opens a Kaltbrauchwasserzulaufleitung 14 , In the heating water room 13 is the bottom of the hot water room 12 enclosing, a heat exchanger coil 15 arranged with their two ends 16 and 17 to a series connection of a solar collector 18 with a charge pump 19 connected. Alternatively, the solar panel 18 via an external heat exchanger - or directly - with the heating water room 13 connected.

The cache 2 has four more connections 20 . 21 . 22 and 23 on, of which the highest point 20 with a to a boiler lead 24 leading line 25 connected in which a series circuit of a storage loading pump 26 with a gravity brake or a backflow preventer or check valve 27 is provided. A boiler return 28 is with the nearest lower connection 21 through a pipe 29 directly connected. In an alternative embodiment, the connection 20 as well as the required for domestic water heating part of the buffer storage also omitted.

With the boiler lead 24 is still one with a pressure-controlled pump 30 provided wire 31 the mixing valve device 4 connected. This pump has a pressure regulator 32 on, the differential pressure across the pump 30 in the pipe 31 with a pair of feelers 33 measures with one on a setpoint generator 58 on the pressure regulator 32 predeterminable value and regulated to a differential pressure of about 200 to 250 mbar corresponding to 2 to 2.5 m water column. Age natively can be an unregulated pump 30 ' in conjunction with an overflow valve 57 in the high-temperature heating branch 5 be used. The administration 31 goes through the mixing valve device 4 through, being in the mixing valve device 4 downstream of a branch line 34 a gravity brake or a backflow preventer or check valve 35 located. At the exit 36 from the mixing valve device 4 continuing line 31 leads to the high temperature heating branch 5 which consists of a parallel connection of a variety of each with a thermostatic valve 37 provided radiators and / or convectors 38 All of them possibly from the overflow valve 57 are bridged. A return line 39 of the high temperature heating branch 5 leads to a in the mixing valve device 4 arranged pressure control valve 40 that is downstream of a branching point 41 in the return line 39 is provided, which is then to the connection 22 at the buffer memory 2 continues.

This pressure control valve 40 generates one of the flow through the return line 39 largely independent, constant pressure difference, which corresponds approximately to that pressure difference, which is the full water flow rate of the Niedertemperaturheizzweiges 6 in a countercurrent plate heat exchanger 46 would cause a series connection of the two and which is typically 60 mbar or 0.6 m water column corresponds, see. later operating state 3 ,

From the branch line 34 leads inside the mixing valve device 4 one with a gravity brake or a backflow preventer or check valve 42 provided wire 43 to a first input (E1) of the actual mixing valve 44 which has another input (E2). A particularly advantageous design of the actual mixing valve 44 results when it receives a third input E3, but which is closed in the present invention and thus inoperative, but can be opened and used for other applications. The input E2 is directly at the branch point 41 in the return line 39 connected. An output A of the actual mixing valve 44 is over a line 45 with the counter-flow plate heat exchanger 46 connected, the part of the Niedertemperaturheizzweiges 6 is. The return side is the plate heat exchanger 46 with a through the mixing valve device 4 passing line 47 connected to the connection 23 leads. Instead of a plate heat exchanger 46 It is also possible to use another construction of the heat exchanger, for example a coiled tubing heat exchanger. The low temperature heating branch 6 has a circle on the secondary side 48 on, which consists of a series connection of a secondary side 49 of the plate heat exchanger 46 with one or more floor heating coils 50 with a circulation pump 51 consists.

Instead of the two gravity brakes or backflow preventer or check valves 35 and 42 could also be alternative in the line 31 between the pump 30 and the branching 34 a single gravity brake or a single backflow preventer or check valve may be provided, but that within the mixing valve means 4 located. The individual components of the heating system 1 are through shut-off or inspection valves 75 Separable for maintenance. Between the entrance E2 and the Ver two closing level 41 there is a backflow preventer 59 ,

The 2 shows the hydraulic and mechanical structure of the mixing valve device 4 enlarged and thus more clearly. The actual mixing valve can be designed both as a rotary valve and as a sliding valve with three inputs E1, E2 and E3 and an output A, of which the input E3 with a cap 52 or closed with a stopper. At the inside 53 a housing 54 is a control body 55 mounted rotatable or sliding and by a servomotor 56 driven to approach certain positions of the actuator can. The individual components of the heating system 1 are also here by shut-off or inspection valves 75 Separable for maintenance. The pump 30 ' is designed as an unregulated pump, this is the already mentioned overflow valve 57 parallel to the high-temperature heating branch 5 available. The aforementioned overflow valve holds the same effect 57 the differential pressure across the mixing valve 44 regardless of the throughput in the high-temperature heating branch 5 constant and set to typically 200 to 250 mbar. There are a large number of individual, each with a thermostatic valve 37 equipped convectors and / or radiators 38 in the high-temperature heating branch 5 available.

In a low-temperature heating branch supply line 60 is in series with the pump 51 and the shut-off valve 57 downstream of an electronic temperature sensor 61 provided, which measures the temperature prevailing in this line and a measuring line 62 on a three-point controller 63 gives. This is over a line 64 a setpoint generator 65 whose setpoint is from a setpoint adjuster 66 is variable, which is preferably variable with the outside temperature. When comparing setpoint and actual value, the control amplifier generates 63 an over a Stelleitung 67 on the drive motor 56 of the mixing valve 44 given control signal for (further) opening or closing of the mixing valve.

• 1. Der Eingang E1 ist vollständig geöffnet und der Eingang E2 ist vollständig geschlossen. Das bedeutet, dass der Niedertemperatur-Heizzweig unmittelbar vom Vorlauf des Kessels und damit auch mit dessen originärer Temperatur gespeist ist.
• 2. Der Eingang E1 ist mehr oder weniger geöffnet und der Eingang E2 ist weniger oder mehr geöffnet. Das bedeutet, dass der Niedertemperaturheizzweig von einer Mischtemperatur zwischen der des Vorlaufes des Kessels und der des Rücklaufes des Hochtemperaturheizzweiges gespeist ist.
• 3. Der Eingang E1 ist vollständig geschlossen und der Eingang E2 ist vollständig geöffnet. Das bedeutet, dass der Niedertemperatur-Heizzweig von der Temperatur des Rücklaufes des Hochtemperaturheizzweiges gespeist ist.
• 4. Der Eingang E1 ist vollständig geschlossen und der Eingang E2 ist mehr oder weniger geöffnet. Das bedeutet, dass der Niedertemperaturheizzweig von der Temperatur des Rücklaufes des Hochtemperaturheizzweiges aber mit verringertem Durchsatz gespeist ist.
• 5. Der Eingang E1 ist vollständig geschlossen und der Eingang E2 ist vollständig geschlossen. Das bedeutet, dass der Niedertemperaturheizzweig hydraulisch gesperrt ist.

The use of the actual mixing valve 44 with a sealed inlet (E3) allows the advantage of a similar valve both after the applications of German patent applications 102 45 571.4 and 102 45 572.6 to use, as well as in addition to the inventive method and its circuit ztur use of the method. In the latter, the following operating states of the actual mixing valve 44 possible and provided:

• 1. Input E1 is fully open and input E2 is fully closed. This means that the low-temperature heating branch is fed directly from the flow of the boiler and thus also at its original temperature.
• 2. Input E1 is more or less open and input E2 is less or more open. This means that the Niedertemperaturheizzweig is fed by a mixing temperature between that of the flow of the boiler and the return of the Hochtemperaturheizzweiges.
• 3. Input E1 is fully closed and input E2 is fully open. This means that the low-temperature heating branch is fed by the temperature of the return of the high-temperature heating branch.
• 4. Input E1 is fully closed and input E2 is more or less open. This means that the Niedertemperaturheizzweig is fed by the temperature of the return of the Hochtemperaturheizzweiges but with reduced throughput.
• 5. Input E1 is fully closed and input E2 is fully closed. This means that the low-temperature heating branch is hydraulically locked.

• 1. eine Erhöhung der primärseitigen Vorlauftemperatur zur Systemtrennung, wenn beide Eingänge E1 und E2 geöffnet sind, indem E1 mehr und E2 weniger geöffnet wird. Da der Wasserdurchsatz durch die Primärseite des Plattenwärmetauschers 46 dabei nahezu konstant bleibt, wird die sekundärseitige Vorlauftemperatur angehoben, ohne dass es zu einem starken Anstieg der primären Rücklauftemperatur in der Leitung 47 aus der Systemtrennung zum Anschluss 23 des Pufferspeichers 2 kommt,
• 2. oder aber, wenn nur der Eingang E2 teilweise geöffnet ist, bewirkt das öffnen des Ausganges A des Mischventiles 44 ein weiteres öffnen des Eingangs E2 und damit eine Zunahme der Wasserentnahme aus dem Hochtemperatur-Heizweig-Rücklauf 39. Dadurch gelangt über den Anschluss 22 weniger warmes und über den Anschluss 23 mehr kaltes Wasser in den Inneraum 10 des Pufferspeichers 2 zurück.

The feeler 61 for example, in its setpoint generator 65 Weather-compensated three-point controller 63 detects the flow temperature of the low-temperature heating branch 6 on the secondary side 49 the system separation (plate heat exchanger 46 ). If this temperature is above the setpoint, which is preferably predetermined by the weather, the output A of the mixing valve becomes 44 over the drive 56 closed, it lies underneath, it is opened. An opening of the mixing valve 44 now either

• 1. an increase of the primary side flow temperature for system separation, if both inputs E1 and E2 are opened by opening E1 more and E2 less. As the water flow through the primary side of the plate heat exchanger 46 remains almost constant, the secondary-side flow temperature is raised, without causing a sharp increase in the primary return temperature in the line 47 from the system separation to the connection 23 of the buffer memory 2 comes,
• 2. or, if only the input E2 is partially opened, causes the opening of the outlet A of the mixing valve 44 another opening of the input E2 and thus an increase in the water extraction from the high-temperature Heizweig return 39 , This passes through the port 22 less warm and over the connection 23 more cold water in the interior room 10 of the buffer memory 2 back.

In this way, the task is fulfilled, the water in the interior 10 of the buffer memory 2 despite the use of a system separation without an additional pump using the three-position controller 63 keep hot for as long as possible and cool down as quickly as possible, which increases the usability of regenerative heat.

3 shows a further embodiment, a heating system 1 with several parallel commercial wall heaters 68 . 68 ' with in each case a housing 69 . 69 ' built-in unregulated boiler pump 70 . 70 ' , Burner 81 . 81 ' and a switching valve 71 , for dhw heating or for charging the buffer tank 2 as a peak load boiler. With appropriate performance, only a single wall heater can 68 be used.

This is precisely where the simplicity of the piping is evident: The wall-mounted circulating water heater 68 comes with his service water supply 72 to the connection 20 and with his return 73 over the line 29 to the connection 21 of the buffer memory 2 connected; the heating flow 74 will be with the line 31 the heat sink 5 . 6 connected. Alternatively, a buffer memory 2 ' with three connections without dhw heating and / or without solar collector 18 be used.

In the embodiment of the 4 is the cache 2 through a series connection of a boiler 3 with a plate heat exchanger 76 and replaced on his primary page 77 from the already mentioned solar collector 18 with the pump 19 is fed. A supply line 78 on the secondary side 79 of the plate heat exchanger 76 is with the line 39 connected by the mixing valve device 4 on the return side comes and to the line 29 leading to the return port 28 of the boiler 3 leads, whose lead 24 with the line 25 connected is. In place of the buffer memory 2 now two series-connected partial heat sources are provided as an alternative.

The embodiment of the 5 builds on the just described and adds this circuit the hot water tank 12 one, the part of a storage enclosure 80 is that one from the cauldron 3 and / or the solar collector 18 via lines 83 and 84 by means of a pump 85 fed pipe coil 82 contains for heating the process water, and to which the lines 14 and 9 with the valve 8th are connected. The heating of the buffer tank 2 takes place with a regenerative heat source, preferably with a solar collector ( 18 ), by a biomass boiler or a combined heat and power plant (combined heat and power) or a heat pump.

All Drchströmrichtungen are not designated separately Arrows marked.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - DE 10214242 [0002, 0002]
• - DE 10245571 [0002, 0025]
• DE 10245571 A1 [0004]
• - DE 10245572 [0025]

Claims (9)

Method for controlling or regulating a heating system ( 1 ) with a heat source, comprising a regeneratively heatable buffer memory ( 2 ) and one for reheating as controllable with a boiler pump ( 30 . 30 ' . 70 . 70 ' ) in series peak load boilers ( 3 . 68 ), the buffer memory ( 2 ) is provided with at least three terminals located at different heights ( 20 . 21 . 22 . 23 ), one directly with the buffer memory ( 2 ) connected high-temperature heating branch ( 5 ) and indirectly via a system separation ( 46 ) and controllable by a three-point signal controllable valve ( 44 ) in its flow temperature controllable or controllable low-temperature heating branch ( 6 ), both of which form a heat sink, characterized in that the following operating states are possible: The secondary-side flow temperature of the low-temperature heating branch ( 6 ) is influenced by acting on the primary-side flow of the system separation ( 46 ) changed a. either by changing the mixing ratio of boiler feed water and high-temperature heating branch return water or b. by changing the flow rate of high-temperature Heizzweig-return water, wherein the pressure-regulated flow rate of the heating medium through the high-temperature heating branch ( 5 ), a part via a generated by the flow, as constant as possible pressure drop to the buffer memory ( 2 ) and the other part about system separation ( 46 ) of the low-temperature heating branch and the non-flowing through the system separation part of the high-temperature Heizzweig-return separately from the primary-side low-temperature Heizzweig-return from the system separation ( 46 ) to the buffer memory ( 2 ) is fed back. Method for controlling or regulating a heating system ( 1 ) with a heat source, comprising a regeneratively heatable buffer memory ( 2 ) and one for reheating as controllable with a boiler pump ( 30 . 30 ' . 70 . 70 ' ) in series peak load boilers ( 3 . 68 ), the buffer memory ( 2 ) is provided with at least three terminals located at different heights ( 20 . 21 . 22 . 23 ), one directly with the buffer memory ( 2 ) connected high-temperature heating branch ( 5 ) and indirectly via a system separation ( 46 ) and controllable by a three-point signal controllable valve ( 44 ) in its flow temperature controllable or controllable low-temperature heating branch ( 6 ), both of which form a heat sink, characterized in that the following operating states are possible: The primary-side flow of the system separation ( 46 ) a. fed exclusively from boiler feed water, b. fed from a mixture of boiler feed water and high-temperature heating branch return water, c. fed only by the entire high-temperature Heizzweig-return water, d. fed only from part of the high-temperature Heizzweig-return water and e. completed with respect to the heat source, that is not fed by it, wherein the pressure-regulated flow rate of the heating medium through the high-temperature heating branch ( 5 ), a part via a generated by the flow, as constant as possible pressure drop to the buffer memory ( 2 ) and the other part about system separation ( 46 ) of the low-temperature heating branch and the non-flowing through the system separation part of the high-temperature Heizzweig-return separately from the primary-side low-temperature Heizzweig-return from the system separation ( 46 ) to the buffer memory ( 2 ) is fed back. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, in which the buffer memory ( 2 ) is replaced with three terminals located at different heights by two series-connected partial heat sources. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the buffer memory ( 2 ) with four terminals located at different heights ( 20 . 21 . 22 . 23 ) is replaced by two series-connected partial heat sources and a storage tank for domestic water heating. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the buffer memory ( 2 ) by at least one regenerative heat source, in particular a solar collector ( 18 ) or by a biomass boiler, or a combined heat and power plant (combined heat and power) or a heat pump regeneratively heated. Heating system ( 1 ) with a heat source, comprising a regeneratively heatable buffer memory ( 2 ) and one for reheating as controllable with a boiler pump ( 30 . 30 ' . 70 . 70 ' ) in series peak load boilers ( 3 . 68 ), the buffer memory ( 2 ) is provided with at least three terminals lying at different heights ( 20 . 21 . 22 . 23 ), one directly with the buffer memory ( 2 ) connected high-temperature heating branch ( 5 ) and indirectly via a system separation heat exchanger ( 46 ) and controllable by a with a three-point signal on its drive valve ( 44 ) in its flow temperature controllable or controllable low-temperature heating branch ( 6 ), both of which form a heat sink, characterized in that the following operating states are possible: The secondary-side flow temperature of the low-temperature heating branch ( 6 ) is effected by acting on a in the primary-side flow of the system separation heat exchanger ( 46 ) provided valve device ( 4 ) changed a. either by changing the mixing ratio of boiler feed water and high-temperature heating branch return water or b. by changing the flow rate of high-temperature Heizzweig-return water, wherein the pressure-regulated flow rate of the heating medium through the high-temperature heating branch ( 5 ) in its return ( 39 ) at a branching point ( 41 ) and this on the one hand via a differential pressure valve ( 57 ) with the buffer memory ( 2 ) and on the other hand via a series connection of the mixing valve ( 44 ) with the heat exchanger ( 46 ) the system separation ( 46 ) of the low-temperature heating branch ( 6 ) with the buffer memory ( 2 ) connected is. Heating system ( 1 ) with a heat source, comprising a regeneratively heatable buffer memory ( 2 ) and one for reheating as controllable with a boiler pump ( 30 . 30 ' . 70 . 70 ' ) in series peak load boilers ( 3 . 68 ), the buffer memory ( 2 ) is equipped with heating system ( 1 ) with one of a peak load boiler with a boiler pump rechargeable designed as a buffer heat source with at least three at different levels connections, a directly connected to the buffer high-temperature heating branch and indirectly connected via a system separation heat exchanger and controllable by a with a three-point signal to its drive valve in its flow temperature controllable or controllable low-temperature heating branch, both of which form a heat sink characterized in that the following operating states are possible: The primary-side flow of the system separation is a. fed exclusively from boiler feed water, b. fed from a mixture of boiler feed water and high-temperature heating branch return water, c. fed only by the entire high-temperature Heizzweig-return water, d. fed only from part of the high-temperature Heizzweig-return water and e. concluded with respect to the heat source, that is not fed by her, wherein the pressure-regulated throughput of the heating medium by the high-temperature heating branch ( 5 ) in its return ( 39 ) at a branching point ( 41 ) and this on the one hand via a differential pressure valve ( 57 ) with the buffer memory ( 2 ) and on the other hand via a series connection of the mixing valve ( 44 ) with the heat exchanger ( 46 ) the system separation ( 46 ) of the low-temperature heating branch ( 6 ) with the buffer memory ( 2 ) connected is. Heating system ( 1 ) according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the two return ports ( 22 . 23 ) from the high and the low temperature heating branch ( 5 . 6 ) at the buffer memory ( 2 ) are arranged at different heights, wherein the higher temperature leading water connection ( 22 ) is higher. Heating system ( 1 ) according to one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the flow rate of the heating medium through the high-temperature heating branch and the system separation of the low-temperature heating branch of a single in series with the boiler or circulating water heater heat exchanger arranged by a pressure regulator ( 32 ) pressure-controlled pump ( 30 ) or an uncontrolled pump ( 30 ' ) by a arranged in the high-temperature Heizzweig-return differential pressure valve ( 57 ) is applied.