DE202016103592U1 - System comprising at least one heat storage - Google Patents

Abstract

System comprising at least one heat accumulator (1) filled with a heat transfer medium, which is connected to at least one heat generator circuit and to which at least one heat collector (2) is connected to a heat storage removal connection (3) and a heat collector return flow connection (5), and wherein at least one heat generation cycle is at least a heat generator (7), a Wärmeerzeugervorlaufleitung (8) and a heat generator return line (9) and wherein at least one pump (10) in the Wärmeerzeugervorlaufleitung (8) and / or in the heat generator return line (9) is provided, characterized in that the Heat generator supply line (8) at least one heat generator circuit via a, preferably in the upper region of the heat accumulator (1) arranged Hochtemperaturspeicherzulauf (11) in the heat storage (1) opens and the heat generator return line (9) of this heat generator circuit by means of a unterhal b of the high-temperature accumulator inlet (11) of this heat generator circuit, preferably in the lower region of the heat accumulator (1) arranged, Niedertemperaturspeicherantnahmeanschluss (12) from the heat accumulator (1) goes off and that the heat accumulator (1) at least one further between the Hochtemperaturspeicherzulauf (11) of this heat generator cycle and a medium temperature removal line (14) having two ends, one end of which has the middle temperature storage removal port (13) and the other end via a mixing device (15) on the heat generator return line (13). 9) is connected and wherein at least one pump (10 or 22 or 26 or 30) is provided in the system such that a flow in all lines of the system can be achieved.

Description

The invention relates to a system comprising at least one heat accumulator filled with a heat transfer medium, which is connected to at least one heat generator circuit and to which at least one heat consumer is connected to a heat storage removal connection and a heat collector return connection, and wherein at least one heat generator cycle comprises at least one heat generator, a heat generator supply line and a heat generator return line and wherein at least one pump is provided in the heat generator supply line and / or in the heat generator return line.

A thermal solar system should bring the highest possible solar yield to substitute conventional energy. Another requirement is to optimize the solar coverage so that less heating is required. The solar yield and the solar cover, however, are in opposite directions. With increasing coverage usually the yield decreases. For example, by various internals is trying to improve the stratification within a heat storage in order to increase the coverage of solar systems.

In thermal solar systems, a distinction is made according to the current state of the art in two control systems or loading strategies of the liquid heat storage. Thus, a pump is controlled via a temperature difference control. If the collector temperature is greater than the temperature determined by a reference sensor in the liquid heat storage tank, with the reference sensor usually being located at the lowest point of the liquid heat storage tank, the pump is switched on. The heat transfer medium in the collectors can be passed through an internal heat exchanger in the storage. The medium gives off heat to the liquid heat storage and heats it. The liquid heat storage is loaded from bottom to top. The temperature difference in the collector circuit is about 5-10 K. This causes a relatively high flow. Furthermore, it takes a relatively long time until the liquid heat storage is heated to a temperature corresponding to the useful temperature. For this reason, the after-heating must be done much earlier and more often to reach the minimum use temperature. Such systems are therefore rather optimized for high yield and less for high solar coverage and are therefore referred to as preheating systems. Only with high irradiation and collector surface in relation to the need can be dispensed with a reheating.

Alternatively, a target temperature control is known. So that the heat storage in the upper area quickly reaches the useful temperature, the loading of the heat storage is waited until the collector has reached the desired operating temperature. Only then will the pump be put into operation. In contrast to the preheating system, the liquid heat accumulator is loaded from above. Frequently, the collector is operated directly with the medium, which is also in the liquid heat storage or can be operated via an external heat exchanger (system separation) with different media. In this mode of operation, the mass flow in the collector circuit can be reduced so that the target temperature is kept as far as possible and the system must be less clocked. As a result, larger temperature differences and lower mass flows in the collector circuit are possible. The disadvantage, however, is that under certain circumstances, the mass flows can fall below the minimum circulating volume in the collector and the control behavior can become unstable under certain irradiation. Additional start-up losses can lead to impairment or destruction of the stratification in the liquid heat storage.

The object of the invention is to avoid the aforementioned disadvantages and to provide a system that allows a faster, more optimized and more effective loading of a heat storage, so that, for example, designed as a heat generator solar systems can be used more efficiently.

This object is achieved in that the heat generator supply line at least one heat generator circuit via a, preferably arranged in the upper region of the heat accumulator, Hochtemperaturspeicherzulauf flows into the heat storage and the heat generator return line of this heat generator circuit by means of a below the Hochtemperaturspeicherzulaufs this heat generator circuit, preferably arranged in the lower region of the heat storage, low-temperature storage removal port from the heat accumulator and that the heat storage at least one further arranged between the Hochtemperaturspeicherzulauf this heat generator circuit and the low-temperature storage removal port of this heat generator circuit Mitteltemperaturspeicherestnahmeanschluss, wherein a Mitteltemperaturentnahleitung is provided with two ends, one end of the Mitteltemperaturspeicherentnahmeanschluss and the other end over a Mixing device is connected to the heat generator return line and wherein at least one pump is provided in the system such that a flow in all lines of the system can be achieved.

The embodiment according to the invention allows the mixing of volume flows which are withdrawn from a plurality of ports, namely the low-temperature storage-removal connection and the medium-temperature storage-removal connection or the further medium-temperature storage-removal connections. Since the medium drawn off via the respective connection has a different temperature, the desired target temperature can be achieved by mixing the volume flows. In this way, the available temperature levels are used so that the exergetic benefit is optimized. This leads to an improvement of the stratification in the heat accumulator and to an increase in coverage by a faster achievement of the useful temperature. Also, a better allocation of the temperature level to the heat consumers or the heat generators is possible.

The heat storage medium may be solid, liquid or gaseous. The heat transfer medium may be liquid or gaseous. The heat accumulator can also be designed, for example, as gravel storage, as ice storage, as Galisol storage or the like.

The mean temperature storage removal connection of at least one heat generator circuit can be arranged approximately halfway up the heat accumulator. By means of the mixing device it is possible to set any desired combinations of the two inlets from the heat generator return line and the middle temperature extraction line.

In contrast to systems known from the prior art, in which the heat generator supply temperature is regulated, the system according to the invention regulates the heat generator return temperature. This is done by the mixtures of at least two partial volume flows with different temperature levels. As a result, a much better temperature differentiation (stratification) is achieved in the heat storage. Additionally, by adjusting the heat generator return temperature, it is possible to compensate for power changes and variations in the heat generator to achieve a constant heat generator supply temperature.

About the position of the mixing device is on the desired connection, d. H. the medium-temperature storage removal port and / or the low-temperature storage withdrawal port, the fluid from the heat accumulator returned to the heat generator. The system according to the invention is particularly suitable for solar systems as heat generators. Sunlight can change very quickly. Due to the ability to control the temperature in the guided to the heat generator heat generator return line targeted to a certain target temperature, u. a. the mass flow for the heat generator and the control behavior are improved and adapted to the dynamics. At the same time, the stratification within the heat accumulator and the usable heat storage volume can be maximally utilized.

These advantages can also be used for other heat generators. Especially heat generators that must be operated with small temperature differences due to operational reasons, such. As a heat pump, a combined heat and power plant or the like, benefit from the system according to the invention, since the mass flows for heat generation from the volume flows at approximately located above the middle temperature storage removal port of the heat storage buffer decoupled and the buffer can be optimally loaded to the desired operating temperature with optimal stratification ,

The system according to the invention represents an optimized connection between a heat generator, in particular a regenerative heat generator, and a heat accumulator. In this way, on the one hand, the heat generator efficiency and, on the other hand, the degree of coverage in a system in which at least one heat generator is designed, for example, as a thermal solar collector can be increased , Furthermore, a simple realization of priority circuits without the destruction of the stratification within the heat accumulator is possible. The volumetric flows of the heat generator are decoupled via the buffer memory of the heat accumulator from the consumer side.

The buffer area is understood to be the area of the heat accumulator which is located approximately above the middle temperature storage removal connection, while the area below the heat accumulator is referred to as the storage area. Further, the system allows temperature control in the heat generator supply line by controlling the temperature in the heat generator leading to the heat generator return line of the heat generator circuit by mixing over the low-temperature storage removal port and the other medium temperature storage removal port or the further medium temperature storage removal ports withdrawn heat transfer medium. The system also allows an optimized adaptation to a fluctuating energy supply. A reheating, such as by an electric heating element, for example, in case of insufficient sunlight can be reduced. As a result, the standby losses of a heat generator can be reduced.

In this case, the mixing device of at least one heat generator circuit may comprise a mixing device, via which the middle temperature extraction line is connected to the heat generator return line. The mixing device may be, for example, a multi-way mixing valve or multiple cascaded multi-way mixing valves. A multi-way mixing valve has a corresponding number of inputs and outputs, wherein the outputs can be formed separately or mixed. As a multi-way mixing valve, for example, a 3-way mixing valve may be provided which has two inputs and one output.

In this case, a pump can be arranged between the mixing device and the heat generator of this heat generator circuit.

In at least one heat generator circuit, at least one bypass line for return temperature elevation may be provided, one end of which branches off from the heat generator supply line of this heat generator circuit and the other end opens into the mixing device of this heat generator circuit. By means of this mixing device, the flow cross section of the bypass line to the return temperature increase and the flow cross-section of the medium temperature extraction line can be controlled, in particular regulated, become. As a result, the volume flows in the different lines change. Instead of a mixing device, other measures can be taken to divide the flow rates among the different lines. Of course, it is also possible that the flow cross-section of the heat generator return line is controlled, in particular regulated, simultaneously with the mixing device.

The other end of the bypass line may be for return temperature elevation either via another mixing device belonging to the mixing device. be connected to the medium temperature extraction line or but via another mixing device belonging to the mixing device. at the heat generator return line in the area between the mixing device and the heat generator this Heat generator circuit connected.

But it is also possible that the other end of the bypass line opens to the return temperature increase in the mixing device. In such an embodiment, the mixing device of at least one heat generator circuit comprises a mixing device. By means of this mixing device, the flow cross section of the bypass line to the return temperature increase and the flow cross-section of the medium temperature extraction line can be controlled, in particular regulated, become. Of course, it is also possible that the flow cross-section of the heat generator return line is controlled, in particular regulated, simultaneously with the mixing device. As a result, the volume flows in the different lines change. Instead of a mixing device, other measures can be taken to divide the flow rates among the different lines. In this case, the mixing device is designed for example as a multi-zone distribution valve or as a multi-zone mixing valve having three inputs and at least one output.

In this case, the heat generator of at least one heat generator circuit may be formed as a heat exchanger. In such an embodiment, the heat generator is integrated on one side in a first heat generator circuit. On the other hand, the heat generator is part of a second heat generator circuit having a heat generator and a pump. In such an embodiment, a separation takes place into a heat generator primary circuit and into a heat generator secondary circuit.

In order to influence the flow of the medium, the mixing device of at least one heat generator circuit may comprise at least one pump and at least one non-return valve both in the heat generator return line and in the middle temperature extraction line.

If a bypass line is provided, to influence the flow of the medium in the bypass line, the mixing device may comprise at least one heat generator circuit in the bypass line for return temperature increase at least one pump and at least one check valve.

Alternatively, the mixing device of at least one heat generator circuit may each comprise a valve both in the heat generator return line and in the middle temperature extraction line. Such a configuration lends itself, for example, when using a central pump in the heat generator return line.

Also, the mixing device may comprise at least one heat generator circuit in the bypass line to the return temperature increase a valve. By means of the valve, the flow cross section of the bypass line can be influenced.

In at least one heat generator circuit may be provided at least one Mitteltemperaturvorlaufleitungsabzweigung whose one end branches off in a distributor of the Wärmeerzeugervorlaufleitung and the other end is connected to a provided on the heat accumulator Mitteltemperatur Abzweigungszuführanschluss. The middle temperature branch supply port is located below the heat pickup return port of that heat generator circuit and above the low temperature storage removal port of that heat generator circuit. By means of the distributor device, the flow cross-section of the part of the heat generator supply line located downstream of the distributor device and the flow cross section of the middle temperature supply line branch line can be controlled, in particular regulated. The distribution device can be, for example, a 3-way switching valve or a simple change-over valve.

In this case, at least two heat generator circuits can be provided, each with at least one heat generator, the Hochtemperaturspeicherzulauf the Wärmeerzeugervorlaufleitung the first heat pickup circuit is located at the top of the heat storage, especially in the upper part of the heat storage, including the Mitteltemperaturspeicherantnahmeanschluss the Mitteltemperaturentnahmeleitung the first heat pickup and the Hochtemperaturspeicherzulauf the Heat generator supply line of another heat consumer cycle, preferably at about the same height, are arranged below and at about the same level of Niedertemperaturspeicherentnahmeanschluss the heat generator return line of the first heat pickup circuit and preferably below the Mitteltemperaturspeicherentnahmeanschluss the Mitteltemperaturentnahleitung of the other heat pickup circuit and including below at the bottom in W Härmespeicher, in particular in the lower region of the heat accumulator, the low-temperature storage removal connection of the heat generator return line of the further heat consumer circuit is arranged.

In this case, at least one heat consumer cycle can be formed as a closed circuit.

In this case, at least one heat generator circuit can be designed as a closed circuit.

At least one heat consumer may be part of a heat consumer cycle, the heat consumer cycle having at least one of the, preferably designed as a liquid fluid heat consumer, a heat storage removal connection to the heat consumer connecting Wärmeabnehmervorlaufleitung and the heat consumer with the Wärmeenehmerrückflussanschluss connecting Wärmeknehmerrücklaufleitung and preferably at least one pump.

If a pump is provided, it may be arranged in the heat consumer feed line or in the heat consumer return line. For example, if two pumps are provided, one pump may be disposed in the heat consumer feed line and the other pump may be located in the heat receiver return line.

At least one heat accumulator may consist of at least two heat storage subregions, wherein one heat storage subregion and another heat accumulation subregion are connected to one another via a line whose one end terminates in the upper region from the heat storage subregion and the other end terminates in the lower region of the further heat storage subregion, wherein the heat generator feed line at least one heat generator circuit via a, preferably arranged in the upper region of the heat storage section, Hochtemperaturspeicherzulauf in the heat storage section opens and the heat generator return line of this heat generator circuit via a arranged in the lower region of the heat storage section low-temperature storage removal port the heat storage subregion and wherein the heat storage subregion has at least one further medium temperature accumulation removal port located below the high temperature accumulation inlet of said heat generation circuit connected to one end of the center temperature removal line, the other end of the medium temperature withdrawal line being connected to the heat generator return line via the mixing device and a pump between the mixing device and the heat generator of this heat generator circuit is arranged.

Embodiments of the invention illustrated in the drawings are explained below. Show it:

1 A first embodiment of a system according to the invention,

2 A second embodiment of a system according to the invention,

3 A third embodiment of a system according to the invention in the mode for raising the temperature in the heat generator return line,

4 the embodiment according to 3 in the mode of operation for passing through the buffer area of the heat accumulator,

5 the embodiment according to 3 in the mode of operation for passing through the storage area of the heat accumulator,

6 the embodiment according to 3 in the mode of operation for charging the complete heat accumulator to nominal temperature or in the mode of operation for passing the complete heat accumulator to maximum storage temperature,

7 A fifth embodiment of a system according to the invention with a system separation,

8th A sixth embodiment of a system according to the invention,

9 A seventh embodiment of a system according to the invention,

10 an eighth embodiment of a system according to the invention,

11 A ninth embodiment of a system according to the invention,

12 A tenth embodiment of a system according to the invention,

13 an eleventh embodiment of a system according to the invention and

14 a twelfth embodiment of a system according to the invention.

In all figures the same reference numerals are used for identical or similar components.

1 shows a first embodiment of a system, which is filled with a heat transfer medium heat storage 1 which is connected to a heat generator cycle, and a heat consumer 2 comprises. The heat consumer 2 is part of a heat consumer cycle. The heat consumer circuit has the heat exchanger through which a heat transfer medium (fluid) flows 2 , a heat storage removal port 3 with the heat consumer 2 connecting heat collector supply line 4 as well as the heat consumer 2 with a heat collector return port 5 connecting heat collector return line 6 on. The heat transfer medium may be, for example, a liquid. At the heat consumer 2 it may be, for example, a heat-emitting system, such as a static heating surface, such as a radiator, a radiator, a surface heating or a heater or other heat exchanger.

In the illustrated embodiment, the system is for both the heat generator 7 as well as for the heat consumer 2 formed with the same heat transfer medium. It is of course possible that further heat exchangers are used, which are operated with different media, for example, to achieve a system separation. A system separation may be necessary, for example, for the purpose of frost protection or to ensure hygiene. The system separation can be both inside and outside of the heat storage 1 respectively.

If the system separation within the heat storage 1 is done, is the heat storage removal port 3 and the heat collector return port 5 about one in the heat storage 1 extending helix or another heat exchanger connected together. Of course it is also possible that through the heat storage 1 another coil, not shown, extends through which, for example, drinking water flows. When flowing through the drinking water is the passage from the heat storage 1 heated.

The drinking water can also be heated via an external heat exchanger (fresh water station) in the flow. If the system is used exclusively for the purpose of heating drinking water, the heat storage can 1 also be filled with drinking water. For this purpose, however, a system separation on the heat generator side is required, as they are in 7 is shown. If hot water is tapped, the heated drinking water is supplied via the heat consumer feed line 4 at the heat storage removal port 3 taken. The non-heating (cold) drinking water can be supplied via the heat consumer return connection 5 flow out of the drinking water network.

The heat generator circuit has a heat generator 7 , For example, designed as a thermal solar collector heat generator 7 , a heat generator supply line 8th and a heat generator return line 9 on, wherein in the embodiment according to 1 in the heat generator return line 9 a pump 10 is provided. The heat generator supply line 8th the heat generator circuit opens via a in the upper region of the heat storage 1 arranged high temperature storage inlet 11 in the heat storage 1 , The heat generator return line 9 goes over one below the high-temperature storage inlet 11 in the lower part of the heat accumulator 1 arranged low-temperature storage removal port 12 from the heat storage 1 from.

As 1 can be seen, has the heat storage 1 another, between the high-temperature storage inlet 11 and the low temperature storage withdrawal port 12 arranged medium temperature storage removal port 13 on, with one end of a medium temp 14 connected is. The other end of the medium temperature extraction line 14 is about a mixing device 15 at the heat generator return line 9 connected.

The part of the heat generator return line 9 in the drawings between the low-temperature storage withdrawal port 12 and the admixing point extends, for example, via the medium temperature storage removal port 13 flowing medium is admixed, can also be used as a low-temperature storage tapping line 29 be designated. In the part of the heat generator return line 9 , which extends in the flow direction behind the admixing point, flows through the mixed medium.

The mixing device 15 is indicated in all figures by a frame. As can be seen from the figures, the mixing device 15 be designed differently. The mixing device 15 can not only include different components. Rather, the components may also be provided in different numbers and / or in a different arrangement.

In the 1 illustrated mixing device 15 includes a mixing device 16 , which is designed as a 3-way mixing valve, which has two inputs and one output. The pump 10 is between the mixer 15 and the heat generator 7 arranged.

In the figures, this is in the heat generator feed line 8th flowing medium in a solid line in the heat generator return line 9 flowing medium in dashed line and in the middle temperature extraction line 14 a medium temperature having flowing medium in a dash-dotted line shown.

1 shows the basic version of the system according to the invention. In the upper area has the heat storage 1 the heat storage removal port 3 on which the heat consumer feed line 4 to the heat consumer 2 , which may for example be designed as a heating circuit, going off. In this heat collector supply line 4 is a pump 30 Installed. About the heat collector return line 6 is the heat consumer 2 with the heat collector return port 5 connected to the bottom of the heat accumulator 1 is provided.

Part of the heat generator cycle is the heat generator supply line 8th from the heat generator 7 to the top of the heat storage 1 arranged high temperature storage inlet 11 leads. In the lower part of the heat accumulator 1 is the low-temperature storage withdrawal port 12 intended. Here is the end of the heat generator return line 9 connected while the other end of the heat generator return line 9 with the heat generator 7 connected is. Furthermore, approximately halfway up the heat accumulator 1 the medium temperature storage withdrawal port 13 provided at which the medium temperature extraction line 14 connected. This can from the heat storage 1 the medium is discharged in a middle temperature. The middle temperature extraction line 14 is via the designed as a 3-way mixing valve mixing device 16 with the heat generator return line 9 connected.

The above the medium temperature storage withdrawal port 13 located area of the heat accumulator 1 represents a kind of buffer memory, the principle of the high-temperature storage inlet 11 is loaded. The buffer area is used for short-term compensation of consumption peaks (buffering). These can occur, for example, in the morning, when in a multi-party house many residents shower simultaneously. The one below the middle temperature storage extraction port 13 This area represents a kind of storage area and is used for stocking up for the medium to long-term compensation. Such a basic version is conceivable when the temperature of the medium in the range of the medium temperature storage withdrawal port 13 only insignificant from the high temperature in the range of high-temperature storage inlet 11 differs. This is the case, for example, in a combined heat and power plant. This may be due to an admixture of the heat generator supply line 8th into the heat generator return line 9 be waived. The condition is that the mean temperature at the medium temperature storage tank connection 13 above the temperature in the heat generator return line 9 lies.

2 shows a system with a mixing device 15 that cascaded two as mixing devices 15 . 17 trained 3-way mixing valves comprises. In this embodiment, a bypass line for return temperature increase 18 provided, one end of the Wärmeerzeugervorlaufleitung 8th branches off and the other end on the other mixing device 17 at the medium temperature extraction line 14 connected.

According to the embodiment 3 includes the mixing device 15 a mixing device 16 , which is designed as a multi-way mixing valve and has three inputs and two outputs. By means of the multi-way mixing valve, any ratio can be set below the inputs. The bypass line for return temperature increase 18 is in the mixing device 16 integrated. The multi-way mixing valve replaces the in 2 described mixing devices 16 and 17 and at the same time forms the bypass line 18 , The heat generator return line 9 is fed from the mixing device 16 , The volume flows are mixed so that the resulting setpoint temperature in the heat generator return line 9 in the part between the mixing device 16 and the heat generator 7 results. The mixing device 16 is fed from the heat generator supply line 8th , the middle tapping line 14 and the part of the heat generator return line 9 located between the low temperature storage port 12 and the mixing device 16 (Low-temperature storage withdrawal line 29 ).

In the 3 to 6 becomes the temperature difference-optimized temperature control in the heat generator return line 9 shown. As a mixing device 16 between the heat generator supply line 8th , the middle tapping line 14 and the part of the heat generator return line 9 which also acts as a low-temperature storage extraction line 29 can be designated, a multi-way mixing valve is shown with five connections. It is on the side of the heat storage 1 provided with three connections. The heat generator supply line 8th from the heat generator 7 gets into the upper high-temperature storage inlet 11 passed through. Only in the case of a required return temperature increase is a partial flow from the heat generator supply line 8th over the bypass line 18 into the heat generator return line 9 diverted. In all other cases, the partial flows of the media (high, medium and low temperature) are mixed so that the desired return temperature in the heat generator return line 9 is reached. The condition is that the temperature in the heat generator supply line 8th greater than the setpoint temperature for the heat generator return line 9 is.

Is the mean temperature, ie the temperature of the medium temperature storage extraction port 13 withdrawn water (medium), colder than the target temperature in the heat generator return line 9 , will - as in 3 shown - from the heat generator supply line 8th heated water mixed so that the setpoint temperature in the heat generator return line 9 is reached. In this phase, the mixing device is used 15 exclusively for raising the temperature in the heat generator return line 9 , The goal is to use the upper buffer area of the heat accumulator 1 with the highest possible temperature to load. The resulting upper storage temperature is the mixed return temperature for the heat generator 7 plus the temperature deviation (temperature difference) of the heat generator 7 in its operation.

In 4 another mode of operation is shown. Corresponds to the mean temperature of the medium temperature storage extraction port 13 taken water the set temperature in the heat generator return line 9 to the heat generator 7 , finds no admixture of water from the heat generator supply line 8th instead of. The loading of the upper buffer area is analogous to that in 3 illustrated operation.

If the mean temperature is higher than the setpoint temperature in the heat generator return line 9 , will - as in 5 shown - colder water from the lower low-temperature storage withdrawal port 12 added. In this area, the temperature is lowest. In this operating state is increasingly the lower portion of the heat storage 1 with loaded. In this case, the inlet temperature corresponds to the heat storage 1 the desired setpoint temperature of the heat accumulator 1 , In order to achieve this setpoint temperature, the heat generator return temperature is controlled to just the temperature, taking into account the temperature increase at the heat generator 7 to the setpoint temperature of the heat accumulator 7 leads.

In 6 is the mode of operation for loading the complete heat storage 1 on set temperature or the mode of operation for loading the complete heat storage 1 shown at maximum storage temperature. The temperature of the heat transfer medium in the lower storage area at the low-temperature storage withdrawal port 12 is greater than or equal to the setpoint temperature, but less than the maximum storage tank temperature. This situation corresponds to the basic variant. There is no further admixture of the heat transfer medium, neither via the heat generator supply line 8th still on the medium temperature extraction line 14 , The heat generator return line 9 gets completely out of the low temperature storage port 12 via the low temperature heat storage tapping line 29 fed. The inlet via the heat generator supply line 8th in the upper part of the heat accumulator 1 occurs with increasing temperature resulting from the return temperature at the heat generator return line 9 and the temperature swing of the heat generator 7 results. The heat storage 1 is then charged when the storage target temperature is reached in the lower area.

Once the temperature in the lower part of the heat storage 1 the setpoint of the temperature of the heat generator return line 9 exceeds, the temperature of the heat generator supply line increases 8th continuously on. This happens until the temperature of the heat generator supply line 8th has reached the maximum storage temperature and another load is stopped. The heat storage 1 is now fully loaded. By increasing the speed of the pump 10 in the heat generator cycle, the temperature difference in the heat generator cycle can be reduced or the heat generator output 7 be reduced, provided that it is a controllable heat generator 7 is. When completely loading the heat accumulator 1 the resulting flow temperature rises in the heat generator supply line 8th with increasing return temperature in each case by the temperature stroke of the heat generator 7 operational. On a further loading is waived if the heat storage 1 has reached its maximum temperature. This may vary depending on the heat generator 7 be compared and set with different storage heights. In a thermal solar system z. B. tries the heat storage 1 if possible to a temperature below the boiling limit z. B. 95 ° C limit. The heat storage 1 is thereby maximally loaded.

7 shows the basic variant with a multi-way mixing valve as a mixing device 16 with a system separation of the heat generator cycle. In the heat generator circuit is an additional heat exchanger 7 built-in. This separates two different media in the heat generator cycle. This is indicated when in the heat generator primary circuit z. B. a brine is filled to the heat generator 7 and protect the primary lines from frost. The heat exchanger 7 is thus to be regarded as a heat generator in the preceding examples.

In such an embodiment, the heat generator 7 on the right side to the heat generator primary circuit. The heat exchanger 7 separates the two heat generator circuits into a heat generator primary circuit (right) and into a heat generator secondary circuit (left). In the heat generator primary circuit is the heat generator 7 _p and in the heat generator secondary circuit of the heat storage 1 , Each heat generator cycle has its own pump 10 , The pump 10 _p in the primary heat pump circuit can be separate from the pump 10 _{s be} controlled and regulated in the heat generator secondary circuit. Due to the separate control of the two pumps 10 _p and 10 _s , the starting behavior can be improved by first the pump 10 _{p operated} in the heat generator primary circuit while until the line losses in the heat generator primary circuit are covered and this does not result in heat dissipation of the secondary heat generator cycle. Only when the temperature in the heat generator return line 9 of the heat generator primary circuit has reached the target temperature, the pump 10 _{s switched} on in the heat generator secondary circuit.

By different speeds of the pumps, the temperature differences in the heat generator primary circuit and heat generator secondary circuit can be decoupled and matched. This means an additional degree of freedom in certain applications. Despite the system separation, the basic principle is unchanged, but in certain applications means an additional degree of freedom.

8th shows a system in which a heat generator return line 19 is provided, one end of which in a distribution device 20 from the heat generator supply line 8th branches off and the other end with a to the heat storage 1 provided mean temperature Abzweigungszuführanschluss 21 connected is. The middle temperature branch supply port 21 is about the same height as the medium temperature storage port 13 , Such an embodiment of the system is useful when the heat generator 7 is adjustable in its flow temperature and / or heat generator power. The heat storage 1 can be loaded quickly and with priority to the upper buffer area. This variant thus shows the basic principle 1 , which is a priority circuit for the targeted loading of the buffer area and the storage area of the heat accumulator 1 is extended.

The in 8th left as a heating circuit formed heat consumers 2 _NT , which may be formed as a heating circuit, for example, can be used to supply a floor heating. For the operation of a floor heating generally a low flow temperature, for example, of about 35 ° C is sufficient, so that the heat storage removal port 3 _NT for this heat consumer 2 _NT at the level of the medium temperature storage connection 13 is arranged.

The in 8th right, trained as a heating heat consumers 2 _HT is used for example for the supply of heat sinks with higher temperature requirements, such as a drinking water, air heaters, radiators or other heat exchangers, where the flow temperature must be correspondingly higher. Therefore, the heat storage removal port is 3 _HT for this heat consumer 2 _{HT is located} in the upper area, allowing water from the upper area of the heat accumulator 1 can be removed.

As 8th can be seen, includes the mixing device 15 on the one hand a mixing device 16 in the form of a 3-way mixing valve for the medium and low temperature and on the other a changeover valve as a distributor 20 for zoned loading of the heat storage 1 as a priority circuit. A change-over valve can either completely close a line cross section or open completely. Intermediate positions are - in contrast to a multi-way mixing valve or the equivalent circuits described here - not possible.

9 shows an embodiment with two heat consumer circuits and two heat generator circuits. In this embodiment, on the take-off side as a mixing device 31 trained multi-way mixing valve provided, which is a cascading of the two heat radiators designed as heating circuits 2 _HT , 2 _NT with different temperature level allows. The return of the heat consumer 2 _HT is used as admixture for the flow temperature of the heat consumer 2 _NT used. Is the setpoint temperature in the flow of the heat consumer 2 _NT not achieved in this way, can be a partial flow from the flow of the heat consumer 2 _{HT be} admixed to the desired temperature of the heat consumer 2 To reach _NT . The flow temperature for the heat consumer 2 _HT is controlled by the control of the storage tank temperature at the heat storage tank 3 _HT for the heat consumer supply line 4 _HT provided.

In each heat generator circuit is in each case a heat generator 7 intended. The heat generator circuit with the higher temperature level of the heat generator 7 _HT is about the mixing device 16 _HT with the heat storage 1 connected in the upper area via three connections. The high temperature storage feed 11 _{HT of} the heat generator supply line 8th _{HT of} the heat generator 7 _HT is in the upper part of the heat accumulator 1 arranged. In the middle area of the heat accumulator 1 is the low temperature extraction connection 12 _HT with the heat generator return line 9 _HT arranged. Between the high temperature storage inlet 11 _HT and the low temperature extraction connection 12 _HT is the medium temperature storage port 13 _HT with the medium temperature extraction line 14 _{HT of} the heat generator 7 _HT arranged for the mean temperature.

The heat generator circuit with the lower temperature level of the heat generator 7 _NT is about the mixing device 16 _NT with the heat storage 1 connected in the upper area via three connections. The high temperature storage feed 11 _{NT of} the heat generator supply line 8th _{NT of} the heat generator 7 _NT is in the middle area of the heat storage 1 arranged. In the lower part of the heat accumulator 1 is the low temperature extraction connection 12 _NT with the heat generator return line 9 _NT arranged. Between the high temperature storage inlet 11 _NT and the withdrawal port 12 _NT is the medium temperature storage port 13 _NT arranged for the mean temperature.

By the arrangement of the high temperature storage inlet 11 _NT and the low temperature extraction connection 12 _HT to an equal or approximately equal height is a cascading of the heat generator 7 _NT and 7 _HT possible.

The middle temperature extraction lines 14 _HT at the middle temperature _{storage withdrawal} port 13 _HT for the high-temperature circuit and the medium-temperature extraction lines 14 _NT at the medium temperature storage port 13 Depending on the application, _NT can be installed at different heights, with the connection for the HT medium temperature above the middle temperature connection. The same applies to the connections of the heat generator 7 for the lower temperature level. The medium temperature storage extraction connection 13 _{HT of} the medium temperature extraction line 14 _HT can be placed at about the same height as the low temperature extraction port 12 _{HT of} the heat generator 7 _{HT .}

In 10 is a modification of the embodiment according to 2 shown. While in the embodiment according to 2 the other end of the bypass line 18 in the designed as a three-way mixing valve mixing device 16 This heat generator circuit opens, the embodiment according to 10 as a further component of the mixing device 15 a continuously adjustable valve 32 on. The valve 32 For example, a two-way diverter valve is in the bypass line 18 provided to the return temperature increase, one end of the heat generator supply line 8th the heat generator circuit branches off and the other end in the heat generator return line 9 in the area between the mixing device 16 and the heat generator 7 this heat generator circuit opens. By matching the partial volume flows from the bypass line 18 , from the medium temperature storage extraction port 13 with the medium temperature extraction line 14 and from the low temperature storage withdrawal port 12 with the heat generator extraction line 9 becomes the temperature in the heat generator extraction line 9 (mixed) regulated to the desired setpoint temperature.

In 11 an embodiment is shown in which the heat storage 1 from two series-connected heat storage sections 1 _HT , 1 _NT exists. The heat storage sections 1 _HT , 1 _NT are hydraulically connected in series. So are the heat storage part area 1 _NT and the heat storage section 1 _HT over a line 25 connected with each other. Through the line 25 the medium flows from the heat storage section 1 _NT with the lower temperature in the heat storage section 1 _HT with the higher temperature or vice versa. Both heat storage sections 1 _HT , 1 _NT are like a single heat storage 1 but with the difference that there is no heat exchange or convective conversion that would otherwise result in natural stratification.

The administration 25 goes in the upper part of the heat storage section 1 _NT and flows into the lower part of the next heat storage section 1 _HT . The heat generator supply line 8th the heat generator circuit opens via the upper area of the heat storage section 1 _HT arranged high temperature storage inlet 11 in the heat storage part area 1 _HT , and the heat generator return line 9 This heat generator circuit goes beyond the lower part of the heat storage section 1 _NT arranged Niedertemperaturspeicherestnahmeanschluss 12 from the heat storage section 1 _NT off. The heat storage section 1 _{HT also} has the below the high-temperature storage inlet 11 This heat generator cycle arranged center temerature outlet connection 13 on that with one end of the medium temp 14 is connected, the other end of the medium temperature extraction line 14 over the mixing device 16 at the heat generator return line 9 connected. In addition, there is a bypass line 18 provided to the return temperature increase, one end of the heat generator supply line 8th branches off and the other end via the designed as a three-way mixing valve mixing device 17 at the medium temperature extraction line 14 connected.

In 12 an embodiment is shown, which on the plant description in 2 based. The design after 12 differs only in that instead of the "central" pump 10 in the heat generator return line 9 three individual speed-controlled pumps 26 _HT , 22 _MT and 22 _{NT are} provided. To a false circulation in the direction of the heat storage 1 To avoid is every pump 26 _HT , 22 _MT and 22 _NT a check valve 23 respectively. 27 assigned. In this variant, the individual pumps 26 _HT , 22 _MT and 22 _NT so controlled that the respective partial volume flows are made so that the desired target temperature in the heat generator return line 9 is reached. This is analogous to the logic described above.

In 13 an embodiment is shown, which is based on the design of the system in the 2 respectively. 12 based. The design after 13 differs, however, in that - as well as in 2 - a central pump 10 in the heat generator return line 9 is provided. For controlling the partial volume flows from the heat generator supply line 8th , the middle tapping line 14 as well as the low-temperature storage sampling line 29 designated part of the heat generator return line 9 is each a valve 32 _HT , 32 _MT and 32 _NT , for example, in each case an adjustable Zweiwegedurchgangsventil, provided so that the desired setpoint temperature at the heat generator return line 9 is reached.

In 14 a system is shown, which in terms of the basic design of the system 4 similar. However, it is opposite to the embodiment 4 a heat generator return line 19 provided, one end of which in a distribution device 20 from the heat generator supply line 8th branches off and the other end with a to the heat storage 1 provided mean temperature Abzweigungszuführanschluss 21 connected is. The middle temperature branch supply port 21 in the illustrated case is below the medium temperature storage withdrawal port 13 arranged. If, for example, the desired setpoint temperature in the heat generator supply line 8th not achieved, the fluid through the heat generator return line 19 in the middle area of the heat storage 1 be introduced. Such a mode of operation is suitable for a low energy supply, ie for a too low radiation supply for a heat generator designed as a thermal solar collector 7 , at.

As can be seen from the figures, the various components of the respective mixing device 15 such as a mixer 16 respectively. 17 , a distribution device 20 , a valve 32 and / or a pump associated with a control device R. The corresponding line connections are shown only indicated. The respectively responsible control device allows a regulation of its associated component (s). Even conventional safety-related installations, such as safety valves, expansion tanks, barriers or the like, are not shown because they have no effect on the function of the system according to the invention.

Claims (17)

System comprising at least one heat accumulator filled with a heat transfer medium ( 1 ), which is connected to at least one heat generator circuit and to the at least one heat consumer ( 2 ) with a heat storage removal port ( 3 ) and a heat collector return connection ( 5 ), and wherein at least one heat generator circuit at least one heat generator ( 7 ), a heat generator supply line ( 8th ) and a heat generator return line ( 9 ) and wherein at least one pump ( 10 ) in the heat generator supply line ( 8th ) and / or in the heat generator return line ( 9 ), characterized in that the heat generator supply line ( 8th ) at least one heat generator circuit via a, preferably in the upper region of the heat storage ( 1 ), high-temperature storage feed ( 11 ) in the heat storage ( 1 ) and the heat generator return line ( 9 ) of this heat generator circuit by means of a below the high-temperature storage feed ( 11 ) of this heat generator circuit, preferably in the lower region of the heat accumulator ( 1 ), low-temperature storage withdrawal port ( 12 ) from the heat storage ( 1 ) and that the heat storage ( 1 ) at least one further, between the high-temperature storage feed ( 11 ) of this heat generator circuit and the low-temperature storage withdrawal port ( 12 ) of this heat generator circuit arranged medium temperature storage withdrawal port ( 13 ), wherein a middle temperature extraction line ( 14 ) is provided with two ends, one end of which is connected to the middle temperature storage withdrawal port ( 13 ) and the other end via a mixing device ( 15 ) on the heat generator return line ( 9 ) and at least one pump ( 10 respectively. 22 respectively. 26 respectively. 30 ) is provided in the system such that a flow is achievable in all lines of the system. System according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the mixing device ( 15 ) at least one heat generator cycle a mixing device ( 16 ), over which the middle temperature extraction line ( 14 ) on the heat generator return line ( 9 ) connected. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between the mixing device ( 16 ) and the heat generator ( 7 ) of this heat generator circuit a pump ( 10 ) is arranged. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in at least one heat generator circuit at least one bypass line for return temperature increase ( 18 ) is provided whose one end of the heat generator supply line ( 8th ) branches off this heat generator circuit and the other end in the mixing device ( 15 ) of this heat generator circuit opens. System according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the other end of the bypass line to the return temperature increase ( 18 ) either via another to the mixing device ( 15 ) belonging to mixed direction ( 17 ) at the medium temperature extraction line ( 14 ) is closed or but via another to the mixing device ( 15 ) belonging to mixed direction ( 17 ) on the heat generator return line ( 9 ) by doing Area between the mixing device ( 15 ) and the heat producer ( 7 ) of this heat generator circuit is connected. System according to claim 4, as far as it is dependent on claim 2, characterized in that the other end of the bypass line for return temperature elevation ( 18 ) into the mixing device ( 16 ) opens. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat generator ( 7 ) is formed at least one heat generator circuit as a heat exchanger. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mixing device ( 15 ) at least one heat generator circuit both in the heat generator return line ( 9 ) as well as in the medium temperature extraction line ( 14 ) at least one pump ( 22 ) and in each case at least one check valve ( 23 ). System according to one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that the mixing device ( 15 ) at least one heat generator circuit in the bypass line to the return temperature increase ( 18 ) at least one pump ( 26 ) and at least one check valve ( 27 ). System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mixing device ( 15 ) at least one heat generator circuit both in the heat generator return line ( 9 ) as well as in the medium temperature extraction line ( 14 ) one valve each ( 32 ). System according to one of claims 4 to 10, characterized in that the mixing device ( 15 ) at least one heat generator circuit in the bypass line to the return temperature increase ( 18 ) a valve ( 32 ). System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in at least one heat generator circuit at least one middle temperature Vorlaufleitungsabzweigung ( 19 ) is provided, one end of which in a distribution device ( 20 ) from the heat generator supply line ( 8th ) branches off and the other end with a on the heat storage ( 1 ) provided medium temperature Abzweigungszuführanschluss ( 21 ) connected is. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two heat generator circuits, each with at least one heat generator ( 7 ), wherein the high-temperature storage feed ( 11 ) of the heat generator supply line ( 8th ) of the first heat consumer cycle at the top in the heat storage ( 1 ), in particular in the upper region of the heat accumulator ( 1 ), below which the medium temperature storage withdrawal port ( 13 ) of the medium temperature extraction line ( 14 ) of the first heat consumer cycle and the high temperature storage feed ( 11 ) of the heat generator supply line ( 8th ) of a further heat consumer circuit, preferably approximately at the same height, are arranged below or at about the same height of the low-temperature storage removal port ( 12 ) of the heat generator return line ( 9 ) of the first heat collector circuit, and preferably below the middle temperature storage withdrawal port ( 13 ) of the medium temperature extraction line ( 14 ) of the further heat consumer cycle are arranged and wherein underneath at the lowest point in the heat storage ( 1 ), in particular in the lower region of the heat accumulator ( 1 ), the low-temperature storage withdrawal port ( 12 ) of the heat generator return line ( 9 ) of the further heat consumer cycle is arranged. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one heat consumer circuit is formed as a closed circuit. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one heat generator circuit is designed as a closed circuit. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one heat consumer ( 2 ) Is part of a heat consumer cycle, wherein the heat consumer cycle at least one of the, preferably formed as a liquid, fluid flow through the heat consumer ( 2 ), a heat storage removal port ( 3 ) with the heat consumer ( 2 ) connecting heat consumer feed line ( 4 ) and the heat consumer ( 2 ) with the heat collector return connection ( 5 ) connecting heat collector return line ( 6 ) and preferably at least one pump ( 30 ) having. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one heat storage ( 1 ) from at least two heat storage sections ( 1 _HT , 1 _NT ), wherein a heat storage subregion ( 1 _NT ) and another heat storage section ( 1 _HT ) via a line ( 25 ) are connected to each other, whose one end in the upper area of the heat storage section ( 1 _NT ) and the other end in the lower region of the further heat storage section ( 1 _HT ), wherein the heat generator supply line ( 8th ) at least one heat generator circuit via a, preferably in the upper region of the heat storage section ( 1 _HT ), high-temperature storage feed ( 11 ) in the heat storage section ( 1 _HT ) and the heat generator return line ( 9 ) of this heat generator circuit via a at the bottom of the heat storage section ( 1 _NT ) arranged low-temperature storage withdrawal port ( 12 ) from the heat storage section ( 1 _NT ) and wherein the heat storage section ( 1 _HT ) at least one further below the Hochtemperaturspeicherzulaufs ( 11 _HT ) of this heat generator circuit arranged medium temperature storage withdrawal port ( 13 ), which is connected to one end of the medium temperature extraction line ( 14 ), the other end of the medium temperature extraction line ( 14 ) via the mixing device ( 15 ) on the heat generator return line ( 9 ) and a pump ( 10 ) between the mixing device ( 15 ) and the heat generator ( 7 ) of this heat generator circuit is arranged.

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