WO2011107187A1 - Procédé permettant de faire fonctionner une centrale turboélectrique à vapeur comportant au moins un générateur de vapeur alimenté en lignite - Google Patents

Procédé permettant de faire fonctionner une centrale turboélectrique à vapeur comportant au moins un générateur de vapeur alimenté en lignite Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011107187A1
WO2011107187A1 PCT/EP2011/000263 EP2011000263W WO2011107187A1 WO 2011107187 A1 WO2011107187 A1 WO 2011107187A1 EP 2011000263 W EP2011000263 W EP 2011000263W WO 2011107187 A1 WO2011107187 A1 WO 2011107187A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
steam
steam generator
vapor
heat
drying
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2011/000263
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Kamil Marcak
Peter Moser
Toni Rupprecht
Sandra Schmidt
Knut Stahl
Original Assignee
Rwe Power Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rwe Power Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Rwe Power Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO2011107187A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011107187A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/1456—Removing acid components
    • B01D53/1475—Removing carbon dioxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/1425—Regeneration of liquid absorbents
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/064—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle in combination with an industrial process, e.g. chemical, metallurgical
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
    • B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/32—Direct CO2 mitigation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a steam turbine power plant with at least one lignite-fired steam generator, such that the flue gas from the steam generator is subjected to a gas scrubber for the separation of carbon dioxide (CO2).
  • CO2 carbon dioxide
  • Power plants not only serve to protect the climate, they also increase the profitability of power generation against the background of existing C02 certificates trading.
  • a suitable method for the separation of CO2 from industrial waste gases is known, for example, from EP 1 967 249 A1, in which the CO 2 scrubbing for the purification of flue gases from power plant processes is described.
  • the washing process disclosed therein includes the gas scrubbing (CO2 scrubbing) of the
  • Absorbent is passed in countercurrent to hot steam and thereby releases the C0 2 again.
  • This steam is generated in a so-called “reboiler” by heating a partial flow of the absorbent by means of low-pressure steam, whereby the low-pressure steam is taken from the steam turbine for power generation
  • up to 70% of the low-pressure steam produced by a power plant block can only be used to regenerate the C0 2- laden absorbent
  • Low-pressure steam can reduce the electrical efficiency of a power plant by up to 11%.
  • Drying system exiting high - energy vapor in the dryer and using low pressure steam from the steam cycle of the
  • the WTA technique is known for example from DE 195 18 644 C2.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method for operating a dry lignite-fired steam turbine power plant with CO 2 scrubbing of the exhaust gas, which reduces the necessary for the process low-pressure steam quantity and so the efficiency and controllability of such steam turbine power plant in principle, the means in particular in every load condition is improved.
  • the object is achieved by a method for operating a steam turbine power plant with at least one fired lignite steam generator, such that the flue gas from the steam generator is subjected to a CO 2 scrubbing and the lignite is predried in a dryer, wherein for the C0 2 - Laundry required energy is at least partially decoupled from the drying of lignite and the resulting in CO 2 scrubbing waste heat is used at least partially for preheating the boiler feed water and / or the combustion air of the steam generator. Waste heat in CO2 scrubbing can be generated, for example, in the form of heated CO 2 -containing desorber head scraps, which is produced during the regeneration of the absorber agent.
  • Suitable drying processes in the context of the invention are those in which vapor is produced, for example also the mechanical-thermal dehydration.
  • the heat content of this vapor can be used further, which is realized in conventional methods by the preheating of the boiler feed water and / or the combustion air of the steam generator with the aid of the vapor. But as in conventional methods for operating a
  • the inventive method has the advantage that instead of the vapors from the brown coal drying can be used for gas scrubbing.
  • Boiler feed water and / or the combustion air of the steam generator is being used.
  • the amount of heat energy used can be optimized from the vapors produced during lignite drying within the power plant process, while minimizing the amount of low-pressure steam consumed during this process.
  • the proportion for the respective partial flows can be variable and, for example, with priority for the
  • Heat transfer be controlled within the C02 gas scrubbing process.
  • the entire vapors from brown coal drying is used for CO2 scrubbing.
  • the preheating of the combustion air and / or the boiler feed water takes place by using the costs incurred in the gas scrubbing
  • Waste heat This ensures optimum utilization of the available waste heat sources and heat sinks in the coupled processes.
  • inventively considerably cheaper use of the heat content of the vapor from brown coal drying instead of low-pressure steam in gas scrubbing correspondingly less low-pressure steam is withdrawn from the steam turbine and thus increases the efficiency of the steam turbine power plant.
  • the gas scrubbing of the exhaust steam takes place in at least one absorber or one
  • At least one desorber or a desorber column is carried out by heating.
  • absorbents in the context of the invention may be both a
  • Solvent as well as a solvent mixture for the absorption of CO2 to be understood.
  • it can be passed in countercurrent to hot steam at 110 ° C. to 130 ° C., whereby the absorption solution releases the CO 2 to the steam.
  • the C02 / water-vapor mixture produced in this process is also referred to as desorber vapors or desorber head vapors.
  • the absorbent in the desorber with the aid of the residual heat of at least part of the heated during the drying of brown coal resulting vapor For this purpose, at least one condensation heat exchanger find application, which is acted upon by at least a partial flow of the vapor from the drying.
  • the vapor is preferably pre-compressed to a pressure of between 3 and 5 bar (vapor compression). That is, the pressure of the vapor is raised by means of the vapor compression to a level corresponding to a condensation temperature of about 130 ° C.
  • a condensation heat exchanger for example, a "reboiler" can be used, which is connected to the bottom of the desorber or the desorber, wherein in the reboiler, the hot, about 4 bar pre-compressed vapors from brown coal drying, condensed at about 130 ° C and its Heat to the preheated C02-loaded absorbent, resulting in C02 release from the absorbent.
  • the vapor compression can preferably take place in one or more compressors or single-stage or multi-stage vapor compressor trains with injections for intermediate cooling.
  • one or more vapor compressors can also be operated with electrical energy.
  • a subset of the energy required for the regeneration of the CO 2 absorption solution in the form of low-pressure steam is decoupled from the water-steam cycle of the steam turbine process. For example, about 50% of the energy required from the residual heat of the drying of the Lignite accumulating vapors are used. The remaining 50% can be obtained in the form of low-pressure steam from the overflow from the medium-pressure part in the low-pressure part of the steam turbine.
  • the vapor from the coal drying can be used to provide a reboiler for the desorber with heat energy, in which case the vapor condensate at the outlet of the reboiler according to preheat the
  • Combustion air and / or the boiler feed water can be used.
  • Heat content from the Desorberkopfbrüden used for preheating the combustion air of the steam generator and / or the boiler feed water is preheated only with the heat content from the Desorberkopfbrüden.
  • Desorberkopfbrüden example divided into two streams, with a portion of the Desorberkopfbrüdens is used to preheat the combustion air and another part of the Desorberkopfbrüdens for preheating the boiler feed water of the steam generator.
  • the heat content of Desorberkopfbrüdens be transferred using two Kondensations aleleyern in the respective media.
  • the medium-pressure steam can be expanded by means of a steam turbine driving the C02 compressor, in order then to be used as low-pressure steam in an additional reboiler of the C0 2 -separation plant.
  • the use of medium-pressure steam described here has the advantage that as a result the net output of the power plant is increased, as the use of a steam-driven compressor is not the power plant's own needs electric power, but only increases the steam demand.
  • Figure 1 is a process diagram for operating a
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the heat transfer between
  • the inventive method relates to the operation of a steam turbine power plant, which comprises a lignite-fired steam generator.
  • Mine moisture Lignite has a water content of about 45 to 65%, which is reduced by drying to about 10 to 25%. In the process according to the invention, the drying takes place with the aid of a fluidized-bed dryer, which is denoted by 1 in FIG. At the bottom of the
  • Fluidized bed dryer 1 the pre-dried lignite 4 is withdrawn, cooled and comminuted again by means of one or more mills before it is supplied to the steam generator for the purpose of combustion.
  • Process steps concerning the brown coal are not shown in the figure.
  • the process described here uses the drying of lignite in a stationary fluidized bed, wherein water vapor or the vaporized hydrocarbon is used as a fluidizing agent.
  • the required drying energy is coupled via a heat exchanger 2 in the fluidized bed.
  • the heat Exchanger 2 is acted on the bleed steam line 3 with bleed steam from the turbine.
  • the resulting in the drying in the fluidized bed dryer 1 vapors is in a vapor compressor 6 to a pressure of about 4 bar
  • the desorber column 8 is part of the C0 2 scrubbing of the steam generator described below.
  • the flue gas scrubbing system used for the C0 2 scrubbing comprises at least one absorber column 11, the desorber column 8, one provided between the absorber column 11 and the desorber column 8
  • Heat exchanger 12 which is preferably designed as a countercurrent heat exchanger, two connected to the head of the Desorberkolonne 8 capacitors 17 and 16, and also connected to the bottom of the Desorberkolonne 8 second reboiler 28th
  • the flue gas 9 from the steam generator is washed in the absorber column 11 at low temperature (for example 40 ° C to 60 ° C) with an aqueous solution of a CO2-binding component (absorber).
  • a CO2-binding component aborber
  • Such an absorbent may, for example, a mixture of water with
  • the purified flue gas is 10 in the figure
  • the preheated CO2-laden absorbent is introduced into the desorber 8.
  • the liquid CO2-laden absorbent medium flows from below near the bottom of the swamp
  • Desorber column 8 about 110 ° C to 130 ° C hot steam opposite, which is generated in one of the reboiler 7, 28 by heating a partial flow of the absorber means. At these elevated temperatures, the absorbent releases the CO2 again.
  • the hot C02 / water-steam mixture (Desorberkopfbrüden) is divided into two partial streams 15, 14 and each supplied to a capacitor 17, 16.
  • the water obtained in the two condensers 16, 17 is separated and fed back to the desorber column 8.
  • the CO2 22 is available for storage or use.
  • the hot C02-poor absorbent is used to cool over the
  • the process described in EP 1 967 249 can be used using a strip component.
  • a strip component a commercially available chemical can be used which is substantially immiscible with the wash liquor, virtually unreacted with it, and which should have a higher vapor pressure, ie a lower boiling temperature than this.
  • suitable strip components are alkalis, for example fluoroalkanes. This measure serves to lower the boiling point of the absorbent, thereby reducing the energy consumption for the regeneration of the absorbent.
  • the invention is not limited to the illustrated interconnection of the flue gas scrubbing according to the exemplary embodiment, but other interconnections are also possible, for example those described in EP 1 967 249.
  • Used absorbent for example, the vapor condensate from the reboiler 7 continue to serve for preheating the boiler feed water or the combustion air.
  • about 50% of the energy required for absorption medium regeneration can be extracted from the vapors produced during fluidized-bed drying.
  • the remaining amount of energy can be applied according to the invention via a second reboiler 28 which, as described in this example, is operated with low-pressure steam 27.
  • medium-pressure steam 26 is passed to a turbine, wherein the steam outlet stream as
  • Low-pressure steam 27 is guided in the reboiler 28.
  • the turbine 24, driven by the center-side steam 26, in turn drives a CO 2 compressor 23, the compressed CO 2 available then being 25 more
  • the first and second reboilers 7, 28 are operated in parallel under approximately the same conditions. In the embodiment shown here, the two reboiler are connected in parallel.
  • the proportion of the strip steam provided by the reboilers 7, 28 is preferably controllable.
  • both reboiler 7, 28 work at the same condensation temperature.
  • Figure 2 shows the heat transfer between heat sinks and heat sources as it is according to an exemplary method according to the invention for operating a steam turbine power plant. At first you can
  • Steam turbine power plant generated low-pressure steam for example, represents a heat source.
  • the boiler feed water 19, and the combustion air 18 must be preheated for efficient operation and therefore represent heat sinks
  • Heat sinks in the fluidized bed drying 1 and the CO 2 scrubbing 29 ago All of these heat sources and heat sinks are shown by way of example in FIG.
  • the fluidized bed drying 1 is operated by means of low-pressure steam 3 via a heat exchanger 2.
  • the heat exchange realized thereby is represented in FIG. 2 by the arrow marked with the reference numeral 3. According to the embodiment of the illustrated here
  • the method according to the invention is the compressed vapor 5 from the
  • Coal drying 1 used for the regeneration of the absorber The heat transfer realized in this way is shown in FIG. 2 by the arrow between the
  • the C02 laundry in turn provides a heat source due to the
  • Desorberkopfbrüden 13 ready.
  • the Desorberkopfbrüden 13 is used according to the inventive method to heat the combustion air 18 of the steam generator and / or the boiler feed water 19. It is implemented as a heat transport, which are indicated by the arrows by the reference numerals 13, 14 and 15.
  • the embodiment described above and shown in Figure 1 further includes a second reboiler 28 for heating the absorber means. This reboiler is by means of low pressure steam 27 from a turbine 24 for
  • Heat transfer is indicated in Figure 2 by the reference numeral 27.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé permettant de faire fonctionner une centrale turboélectrique à vapeur comportant au moins un générateur de vapeur alimenté en lignite, de sorte que les gaz brûlés sortant du générateur de vapeur soient soumis à une épuration pour la séparation du CO2 et que la lignite soit pré-séchée dans un séchoir. Selon l'invention, l'énergie nécessaire pour l'épuration des gaz est au moins en partie extraite du séchage de la lignite, et la déperdition de chaleur consécutive à l'épuration des gaz est au moins en partie utilisée pour le préchauffage de l'eau d'alimentation de la chaudière et/ou de l'air de combustion du générateur de vapeur.
PCT/EP2011/000263 2010-03-05 2011-01-22 Procédé permettant de faire fonctionner une centrale turboélectrique à vapeur comportant au moins un générateur de vapeur alimenté en lignite WO2011107187A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010010540.6 2010-03-05
DE102010010540A DE102010010540A1 (de) 2010-03-05 2010-03-05 Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Dampfturbinenkraftwerks mit wenigstens einem mit Braunkohle befeuerten Dampferzeuger

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WO2011107187A1 true WO2011107187A1 (fr) 2011-09-09

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WO (1) WO2011107187A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5450540B2 (ja) * 2011-09-12 2014-03-26 株式会社日立製作所 Ｃｏ２回収装置を備えたボイラーの熱回収システム
FR3008898B1 (fr) * 2013-07-23 2023-01-13 Electricite De France Dispositif de captage de gaz acide contenu dans des fumees de combustion
WO2015136678A1 (fr) 2014-03-13 2015-09-17 三菱重工業株式会社 Système de production d'électricité à l'aide de charbon de faible qualité
DE102018123417A1 (de) 2018-09-24 2020-03-26 Rwe Power Ag Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Kraftwerkes zur Erzeugung von elektrischer Energie durch Verbrennung eines kohlenstoffhaltigen Brennstoffs und entsprechendes System zum Betreiben eines Kraftwerkes
CN113756902A (zh) * 2021-10-15 2021-12-07 西安热工研究院有限公司 一种褐煤排气干燥超临界co2发电系统及方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19518644C2 (de) 1995-05-20 1998-04-16 Rheinische Braunkohlenw Ag Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Erzeugen von Dampf durch Verbrennen eines festen getrockneten Brennstoffes
EP1473072A1 (fr) * 2003-04-30 2004-11-03 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Procédé et dispositif de recupération de dioxyde de carbone
EP1967249A1 (fr) 2007-03-05 2008-09-10 RWE Power Aktiengesellschaft Procédé basé sur la distillation diphasique destiné à l'utilisation de chaleur à basse température pour la régénération de solvants CO2 lors de la séparation du CO2 contenu dans des fumèes à l'aide d'un lavage de CO2

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10319477B4 (de) * 2003-04-29 2006-11-23 Rwe Power Ag Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Dampfturbinenkraftwerks sowie Einrichtung zum Erzeugen von Dampf
JP4875303B2 (ja) * 2005-02-07 2012-02-15 三菱重工業株式会社 二酸化炭素回収システム、これを用いた発電システムおよびこれら方法

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19518644C2 (de) 1995-05-20 1998-04-16 Rheinische Braunkohlenw Ag Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Erzeugen von Dampf durch Verbrennen eines festen getrockneten Brennstoffes
EP1473072A1 (fr) * 2003-04-30 2004-11-03 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Procédé et dispositif de recupération de dioxyde de carbone
EP1473072B1 (fr) 2003-04-30 2008-08-20 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Procédé et dispositif de recupération de dioxyde de carbone
EP1967249A1 (fr) 2007-03-05 2008-09-10 RWE Power Aktiengesellschaft Procédé basé sur la distillation diphasique destiné à l'utilisation de chaleur à basse température pour la régénération de solvants CO2 lors de la séparation du CO2 contenu dans des fumèes à l'aide d'un lavage de CO2

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