WO2011106991A1 - 一类蛋白质多肽的复合分子及应用 - Google Patents

一类蛋白质多肽的复合分子及应用 Download PDF

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WO2011106991A1
WO2011106991A1 PCT/CN2011/000330 CN2011000330W WO2011106991A1 WO 2011106991 A1 WO2011106991 A1 WO 2011106991A1 CN 2011000330 W CN2011000330 W CN 2011000330W WO 2011106991 A1 WO2011106991 A1 WO 2011106991A1
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group
human
tandem
polyethylene glycol
peg
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PCT/CN2011/000330
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French (fr)
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徐明波
吴彦卓
王俊玲
杨仲璠
梁果义
连治国
赵晶晶
张鹏
王喜鹤
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北京双鹭药业股份有限公司
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Priority to CN2011800117062A priority Critical patent/CN102781479A/zh
Publication of WO2011106991A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011106991A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/16Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/17Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • A61K38/22Hormones
    • A61K38/27Growth hormone [GH] (Somatotropin)
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/56Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule
    • A61K47/58Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. poly[meth]acrylate, polyacrylamide, polystyrene, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylalcohol or polystyrene sulfonic acid resin
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/56Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule
    • A61K47/59Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyureas or polyurethanes
    • A61K47/60Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyureas or polyurethanes the organic macromolecular compound being a polyoxyalkylene oligomer, polymer or dendrimer, e.g. PEG, PPG, PEO or polyglycerol
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P5/00Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
    • A61P5/02Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the hypothalamic hormones, e.g. TRH, GnRH, CRH, GRH, somatostatin

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the field of biomedicine and provides a cascade of living proteins or polypeptides having a prolonged metabolic half-life and reduced allergenicity.
  • Erythropoietin Erythropoietin, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, interferon, interleukin, insulin, and various vaccines.
  • protein drugs are rapidly eliminated in the body.
  • the abundant proteases and glomerular filtration in the tissue are the physiological ways to rapidly remove the drugs.
  • large doses of frequent medication are required.
  • Long-term repeated injections not only increase the suffering of the patient but also cause a series of side reactions. Therefore, it is clinically necessary to develop long-acting protein drugs. Reducing the hydrolysis of protein drugs while reducing the filtration of glomeruli is an effective way to prolong the half-life of drugs.
  • Polyethylene glycol modification is one of the methods for preparing long-acting proteins.
  • Polyethylene glycol is polymerized by epoxy oxime and consists of a repeating oxyethylene group. Not only has good water solubility, but also soluble in organic solvents such as chloroform, ⁇ ' ⁇ '-dimethylformamide, benzene, acetonitrile and ethanol, with linear (relative molecular weight 1000 ⁇ 100000) or branched (relative A chain structure having a molecular weight of 5000 to 60000), and the linear PEG formula is ⁇ -( 0-CH2-CH 2 ) n - 0H.
  • Ordinary polyethylene glycol has a hydroxyl group at each end.
  • methoxypolyethylene glycol is obtained, and the molecular formula of linear mPEG is CH3-(0-CH2-CH2)n- 0H.
  • the most widely used PEGylation modification of polypeptides and proteins is the derivative of mPEG.
  • Polyethylene glycol is a neutral, non-toxic, biocompatible polymer. It is one of the few FDA-approved synthetic polymers that can be used as an in vivo pharmaceutical. Polyethylene glycol, PEG, has hydrophilicity, is highly hydrodynamic in aqueous solution, and is not immunogenic. When linked to a drug molecule or drug surface, its excellent properties can be imparted to the modified drug molecule, altering their biodistribution behavior and solubility in aqueous solution, creating a spatial barrier around the modified drug, and reducing the enzyme of the drug. Solution, avoiding rapid elimination in the metabolism of the kidneys, and allowing the drug to be recognized by cells of the immune system.
  • polyethylene glycol-based modifiers vary depending on their relative molecular weight and the mode of administration of the injection. The greater the molecular weight, the longer the half-life.
  • PEG After oxidation by the cytochrome P450 system, PEG is decomposed into small molecules of PEG, which are excreted by the bile.
  • the drug After modification of the drug by polyethylene glycol, the drug has the following advantages: 1. Longer half-life; 2. Less enzymatic degradation; 3. Less immunogenicity and antigenicity; 4. Less toxicity; The frequency of medication is reduced; 6, better solubility, etc. Modified way Description
  • the major proteins and peptides have amino modifications (including acylation modification of N-terminal amino group, acylation modification of lysine side chain amino group), carboxyl modification, thiol modification, etc., mainly for N-terminal or lysine side chain.
  • the amino group is acylated. Because of the presence of multiple amino groups in the structure of a protein or many polypeptides, the control and determination of the site of modification and the degree of modification have been difficult in the modification of polyethylene glycols of proteins and peptides. The appropriate protection strategies can be employed in the synthesis of peptide compounds. To achieve a fixed point modification of the amino group.
  • PEG-modified protein drugs There are many successful precedents for PEG-modified ⁇ of protein drugs.
  • PEG-ADA was approved by the FDA.
  • PEG-interferon, PEG-GSF, PEG-growth have been marketed.
  • Prime There are dozens of PEG-modified protein drugs in preclinical studies. Among the clinical trials are: bovine hemoglobin, calcitonin, epidermal growth factor, interleukin-2, hirudin (phase II, BASF AG), anti-TNF a Antibody fragment (stage III, Pharmacia), superoxide dismutase, anti-PDGF antibody fragment, Celltech, etc.
  • the relative molecular mass of the protein drug is increased, the drug excretion is reduced, the stability against protease decomposition is increased, and the immunogenicity is reduced.
  • these changes are beneficial to prolong the half-life of the drug in vivo.
  • the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the protein drug are significantly improved.
  • the half-life of the PEG-modified interferon alpha is 10 to 20-fold longer than that of the unmodified interferon alpha; the pre-life half-life of the superoxide dismutase PEG is 5 minutes, and the half-life of the PEG modification is extended to 4. 2 h [Veronese FM et al., 2005].
  • Albumin modification is also one of the effective methods for preparing long acting proteins or polypeptides. In recent years, some progress has been made in the modification of proteins and peptides by human albumin. The Chinese Patent Office has included some of the research results. Studies using interleukin-modified interferons, granulocyte colony-stimulating factors, and erythropoietin have yielded some beneficial results.
  • tandems of active proteins and polypeptides or other various forms of tandems is also a method of increasing the half-life of drugs.
  • the tandem of protein and polypeptide drugs is generally prepared by genetic engineering means. In the process of gene expression, the genes encoding the protein and the polypeptide monomer are connected in series, and the bases encoding glycine and serine are separated, and the expressed protein or polypeptide concatemers often contain glycine and serine linkers of different lengths and lengths.
  • Human thymosin ⁇ 1 tandems as reported in the literature (Xue Xiaochang et al., 2001). The drawback of this method is that it may form a new antigen presenting site and cause an immune reaction.
  • there is a big limitation on the length of the linker The long linker will cause trouble to gene expression, which is not as convenient as PEG selection.
  • the traditional way to increase the half-life of a drug is to modify it with monomethoxypolyethylene glycol, or genetically engineered for albumin modification, or genetically engineer a protein or polypeptide tandem.
  • a high molecular polymer such as polyethylene glycol as a linking functional group to prepare an active protein and a polypeptide tandem, thereby simultaneously emphasizing the modification of polyethylene glycol on the same product molecule.
  • Preparation of protein tandems This design of the present invention can significantly increase the single molecule mass of a target protein or polypeptide molecule, thereby increasing the half-life of the modified protein or polypeptide and reducing antigenicity.
  • this method can make the protein obtain the advantages brought by the modification of the high molecular polymer (such as increasing the molecular weight, reducing the allergy, etc.); at the same time, preparing the protein by this chemical connection compared to the genetic engineering method for preparing the tandem body.
  • a polypeptide tandem which has the advantages of simple process, high molecular polymer flexible joint, and no increase in the antigenicity of the tandem molecule.
  • Macromolecules for protein and peptide modification can be derived from a wide range of biological materials such as polyenols, polyethers, divinyl ether and maleic anhydride copolymers, poly'alkyl glycols and their derivatives. , copolymers of polyhydrocarby glycols and derivatives thereof, polyvinyl ether, copolymers of ethylene oxide and formic acid, polyepoxides, copolymers of oxalic acid and malonic acid, derivatives of these, and the like.
  • polyethylene glycol is a commonly recognized modifier in the art.
  • PEG-modified adenosine deaminase in 1991, PEG-modified asparaginase, interferon _a-2a and interferon-a-2b were approved by the FDA for clinical use. Therefore, the selection of the PEG modification technique is one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention.
  • the linkage between the polyethylene glycol and the protein or polypeptide molecule is achieved by a derivatizing group at the end of the polyethylene glycol.
  • the terminal group in which the modification reaction occurs is not limited to the terminal hydroxyl group, and an aldehyde group, a carboxyl group, an amino group, a p-toluenesulfonate group or the like can be introduced to the hydroxyl group terminal of the polyethylene glycol.
  • the terminal hydroxyl group of polyethylene glycol can be converted into the same functional group, or can be converted into different functional groups.
  • the former is called homo-terminal telechelic polyethylene glycol (homotelechelic PEG).
  • the latter is called heteroteryl chelate polyethylene (heterotelechelic PEG)
  • activated PEG mainly has: (1) thiolated PEGs (linked by thiol bonds), such as aldehyde PEG (PEG aldehyde), PEG-trifluoroethyl Sulfonate (2.
  • the hydroxyl group may have a side reaction with the protein.
  • PEG-activated PEG has a lower modification rate and greater controllability than succinimide-activated PEG, and the modification can have a certain selectivity in the aqueous-organic phase system. It is also easier.
  • PEG-vinylsulfonate PEG- Vinylsulphone
  • PEG-iodoacetamide PEG-maleamide
  • PEG-Orthopyridyldisulfide can modify free Cysteine
  • PEG-Hydrazide can modify the oligosaccharide side chain
  • PEG-Isocyanate is used to modify the hydroxyl or amino group.
  • Suitable reactive end groups are maleimide maleimide, nitrophenyl carbonate, 3-(2-pyridyldidecyl)propionic acid n-hydroxysuccinimide ester, Isocyanic acid, hydrazide, succinic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, and the like.
  • PEG-p-toluenesulfonate can be prepared by the method reported by Yuan Minglong et al. (Chinese Patent Application No. 98124012. 7)
  • PEG-NH2 Zalipsky S, Gi lon C, Zi lkha A. Eur
  • polyethylene glycol esters can be prepared by the method reported by Kern et al.
  • Gecheler can be used.
  • the reported method for the preparation of polyethylene glycol carboxylic acid (Geckeler K, Bayer E. Polym Bull, 1979, 1:691), and the aldolification of the terminal hydroxyl group of polyethylene glycol can be achieved by the method reported by Harri et al. Harris JM, Hundley NH, , Shannon TG, Struch EC. J Org Chem, 1982, 47 : 4789; Harri s J , J Macromol Sci. Reb Macromol Chem Phys C25, 1985, 325; Harris Instruction manual
  • an amino group and an aldehyde group are introduced at the ⁇ -terminus of the PEG, and acetyl cyanide is introduced when the amino group is introduced.
  • acetonitrile exhibits extremely strong acidity due to the electron-withdrawing effect of the cyano group, so it is easily used for the metallization of ruthenium-based metals such as butyl lithium and potassium naphthalate.
  • potassium ethoxide potassium 3, 3-diethoxyethylpropoxide
  • the PEG having an acetal moiety at the ⁇ terminal can be quantitatively obtained, and then used.
  • the homo- or hetero-endomeric telechelic polyethylene glycol can be obtained by, but not limited to, the above method, which is already possible in the prior art.
  • the two active ends of the PEG in the prepared composite molecule are often attached to the same or similar sites of the two biologically active groups, respectively.
  • the hetero-terminal telechelic polyethylene glycol is also uniquely useful in the present invention in that two different linking groups on the linking functional group in the complex molecule are attached to different sites of the two active functional groups.
  • the purpose of preparing the active functional group tandem in the present invention can also be achieved.
  • the molecular weight of the modifier is one of the factors that affect the biological activity of the modified product and other pharmaceutical and pharmacological properties.
  • the size of the modified product affects the pharmacokinetic properties of the target complex molecule, mainly affecting glomerular filtration and protease degradation.
  • the permeability of the glomerular filtration membrane is very ambiguous, and the common barrier effect of endothelial cells, basement membrane, and epithelial cells forms a filter, which is a molecular sieve (Sephacryl S-200) having size and electronuclear selectivity. There is almost no permeability to formed components and macromolecules in plasma. For large molecules, as the volume increases, the filtration rate drops dramatically.
  • Neutral substances with water and diameter less than 3.0 nm are free to pass.
  • the inulin is 5,500, which is the upper limit of free permeability.
  • the increase in the molecular weight of the modification obviously makes it possible to more fully reduce the degradation of proteins and polypeptides by proteases, thereby increasing the half-life.
  • the activity of the modified product generally decreases, such as the pegylated interferon a-2a and a-2b which have been marketed, and the latter adopts 12,000 daltons.
  • the modifier, while the former modifier has a molecular weight of 40,000; the specific activity of the latter after PEG modification remains 30% before the modification, while the former retains only the pre-modification activity after modification. About 3%.
  • the modifiers of different molecular weights can achieve the purpose of preparing the target substance of the present invention (that is, using a polymer modifier to prepare a series of protein or polypeptide molecules), so the molecular weight of the modifier is not limited. Invented factors. Nevertheless, the present invention has made a comprehensive consideration of the molecular weight of the modifier for the modification of different protein or polypeptide molecules.
  • modifiers having a molecular weight of 2000 to 50,000 Daltons more preferably modifiers having a molecular weight of 10,000 to 40,000 Daltons;
  • a modifier having a molecular weight of 1000 to 60000 Daltons and more preferably a modifier having an average molecular weight of 5,000 to 40,000 Daltons.
  • a more optimal choice of the modifier is the use of a homo-terminal telechelic polyethylene glycol derivative having an average molecular weight of 5,000 to 30,000 and an activated terminal group of an aldehyde group.
  • the polyethylene glycols of different molecular weights used to prepare such modifiers are commercially available or custom-made, and the aldolylation of poly-glycol can be achieved by the Harri mentioned in the aforementioned patent of the present invention.
  • the method provided by s et al. is prepared.
  • the modification reaction of PEG with a polypeptide or protein belongs to a nucleophilic reaction.
  • D-C00H at the C-terminus of the polypeptide or protein, ⁇ -ling and lysine (Lys), aspartic acid (Asp), glutamic acid (Glu), arginine (Arg), cysteine (Cys) ), the side chains of nine amino acids such as tyrosine (Tyr), tryptophan (Try), methionine (Met), and histidine (Hi s) are more easily ionized in a certain medium environment.
  • Nucleophilic, nucleophilic activity from large to small in order: RS->R-NH2>R-C00- R- 0-.
  • the thiol group of Cys is the most easily modified amino acid residue, but the total amount of Cys in the protein is small, usually located in the disulfide bond and active center of the protein. Lys accounts for 10% of the total amount of all amino acids in the protein and is less involved in the active centers that make up the polypeptide or protein.
  • the site where PEG is usually modified is an amino group on the Lys residue of the macromolecular surface, including ⁇ - NH 2 or ⁇ - ⁇ 2 .
  • the PEG modification results of interferon a-2a showed that 94% of the modification sites were concentrated on four residues of interferon L y s31, Lysl 21, Lys l 31, Lys l34, and the remaining 6% were located in Lys70. And Lys83.
  • the uncertainty of this modification reaction site makes the modified product a mixture, which makes it difficult to control the quality of the final product.
  • the resulting product is more complex and multiple modes of modification may occur.
  • Another desirable modification target for proteins and polypeptide molecules is the amino group of the first amino acid at the N-terminus.
  • the aldehyde-containing PEG undergoes a reductive amination reaction with a primary amine.
  • the aldehyde group differs from other electrophilic groups in that it reacts only with the amine group.
  • the aldehyde group is less reactive than the NHS active ester, it has a mild reaction condition (pH 6-9. 5 , reaction 6 to 24 hours), and it is easy to attach the surface of PEG to proteins or other materials. Therefore, at lower pH, with aldehyde
  • the PEG of the base selectively reacts to the N-terminus of the protein to form a uniform modified structure.
  • the long-acting human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor product completed under this idea has been marketed in the United States under the trade name Neulasta.
  • the preferred modification site in the present invention is determined to be the amino group of the first amino acid of the N-terminus of the protein or polypeptide molecule, and the preferred modifier is the homo-terminal telechelic polyethylene glycol derivative having a terminal group of an aldehyde group.
  • any protein or polypeptide molecule can be prepared from the tandems described in the present invention, provided that the modified material has a reactive group that can be modified. All of the active protein or polypeptide tandems in which the high molecular polymer and its derivatives mentioned in the present invention are linked are within the scope of the present invention.
  • an active protein or polypeptide tandem in which the homologous telechelic polyethylene glycol and its derivatives or the heterologous telechelic polyethylene glycol and its derivatives are linked.
  • preferred protein and polypeptide sub-books are currently commercially available pharmaceutical or reagent-grade proteins or polypeptides, including various molecules of the recombinant human interferon family, human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, human granulocytes - Macrophage colony-stimulating factor, human erythropoietin, human interleukin-2, human interleukin-11, human tumor necrosis factor alpha, microbial-derived asparaginase, human endostatin, human keratinization Cell growth factor human thymosin al, human thymosin alpha 2, tissue human plasminogen activator, human thrombopoietin, human brain natriuretic peptide, hirudin, human stem cell factor, incretin and its analogues , glucagon, salmon calcitonin, mycoplasma arginine deiminase, human arginase, acidic or basic fibroblast
  • the structure and properties of the above protein and polypeptide molecules can be obtained by the existing literature query system, and the preparation process thereof has also been published. Therefore, the preparation techniques of these protein and polypeptide molecules are not the content of the present invention. These molecules can be obtained commercially, or can be obtained according to the polypeptide chemical synthesis technology or protein genetic engineering expression technology in the reference, and belong to the well-known technical model domain. .
  • the target range of the biologically active monomeric protein or monomeric polypeptide of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, the above proteins or polypeptides and mutants thereof. ,
  • the system uses acetic acid buffer, the pH value is 4. 0, the concentration of sodium cyanoborohydride is 0.16%, the protein or polypeptide concentration is 1-10 mg/ml, and the molar ratio of protein or polypeptide to the modifier is 2 ⁇ 5. : 1, After mixing at room temperature for 2 to 16 hours, add glycine to a final concentration of 4%, and terminate the reaction.
  • the pH of the reaction buffer can be adjusted according to the isoelectric point of the target protein and the polypeptide to avoid the isoelectric point of the protein or polypeptide, and the general reaction buffer system. 0 ⁇ 5. 0 ⁇ The pH is 4. 0 ⁇ 5. 0.
  • the PEG-modified mixture has a significant difference in molecular weight, and is preferably separated by gel chromatography.
  • a gel is a porous, non-surface-charged substance. When a sample solution with multiple components moves in a gel, it exhibits a speed due to its molecular weight. When the buffer is eluted, A substance with a large molecular weight cannot enter the pores of the gel, but moves almost vertically downward between the gels, while a substance with a small molecular weight enters the pores of the gel to perform a "bypass" operation, so that the molecular weight can be sequentially Flow out of the gel column for separation purposes.
  • Gel chromatography is also called molecular sieve filtration, exclusion chromatography and the like.
  • the gel used in chromatography is an inert carrier, has no charge, weak adsorption, mild operating conditions, can be carried out over a wide temperature range, does not require organic solvents, and has physical and chemical properties for the separation components. Keep it unique. Good separation of polymer materials.
  • Cross-linked dextran and polyacrylamide biogel media are chemically inert and have different pore sizes, which are suitable for fractionation of proteins with different molecular weights.
  • these gels have poor mechanical strength and are difficult to use under large-scale conditions. Separation.
  • mechanically strong gels such as Sepharcry Superdex have been widely used. These gels are all commercially available and can be used in the separation of the reaction mixture in the present invention.
  • the separation test of the present invention is carried out on a Sephacryl S-200 column, and the equilibration buffer is the same as the reaction buffer system, ie, the acetic acid buffer (pH 4. 0 to 5.0), and 0 is added to the buffer. 1M NaCl to reduce non-specific adsorption of proteins.
  • linear polyethylene glycols having an average molecular weight of 5000 Daltons, 10 G00 Daltons, 20,000 Daltons, and 30,000 Daltons, respectively, are used as raw materials, and are provided by Harris et al. Methods (Refer to the above), the homo-terminal telechelic polyethylene glycol derivatives of different molecular weights and aldehyde groups were prepared.
  • the aldehyde aldehyde activation reaction of PEG has been in the field of chemistry for several decades, and the reaction route is also diverse. It is one of the well-known techniques, and the present invention does not provide a specific embodiment.
  • the terminal group prepared according to the present invention is an aldehyde-based homo-terminal telechelic polyethylene glycol derivative having the formula [(0CH2CH0)-PEG-(0CH2CH0)], and the chemical reaction formula is as follows:
  • a self-made linear homo-terminal telechelic polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 10,000 daltons and a double-end group of aldehyde groups is used for recombinant human interferon a-2a.
  • (Shenyang Sansheng Bio-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) was modified and reacted under acidic conditions containing sodium borohydride to obtain polyethylene glycol-linked recombinant human interferon a-2a tandem by molecular sieve (Sephacryl S-200).
  • the specific activity of the activity assay using VSV-WISH (see the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Part III Appendix XC) system is approximately 2 X 107 IU/mg.
  • a self-made linear homo-terminal telechelic polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 10,000 Daltons and a double-end group of aldehyde groups is used for recombinant human interferon ⁇ -lb (Beijing Sanyuan)
  • the company's products have been modified, reacted under acidic conditions containing sodium borohydride, and purified by molecular sieve (Sephacryl S-200) to obtain polyethylene glycol-linked recombinant human interferon a-lb tandem with VSV-WISH ( For details, see the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia", the three appendix XC) system for the activity determination, the specific activity is 2. 1 ⁇ 6. OX 107IU/mgo
  • a self-made linear homologous telechelic polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 10,000 Daltons and a double-end group of aldehyde groups is used for recombinant human interferon a-2b (Beijing Yuance)
  • the pharmaceutical company's product has been modified, reacted under acidic conditions containing sodium borohydride, and purified by molecular sieve (Sephacryl S-200) to obtain polyethylene glycol-linked recombinant human interferon a-2b tandem with VSV- WISH (see the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Appendix III X) for the activity determination, the specific activity is l ⁇ 2 X 107IU/mg.
  • a self-made linear homo-terminal telechelic polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 10,000 daltons and an aldehyde group at both ends is used for recombinant human interferon Y (Shanghai Bioproducts Research)
  • the product was modified, reacted under acidic conditions containing sodium borohydride, and purified by molecular sieve (Sephacryl S-200) to obtain a polyethylene glycol-linked recombinant human interferon Y tandem with VSV-WISH (see details 4 ⁇ 1. l X 107IU/mg.
  • the specific activity of the system for the determination of the activity is 0. 4 ⁇ 1. l X 107IU / mg.
  • a self-made linear homo-terminal telechelic polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 10,000 Daltons and a double-end group of aldehyde groups is used to recombine the composite ⁇ -interferon (American Amgen products) Modified, reacted under acidic conditions containing sodium borohydride, purified by molecular sieve (Sephacryl S-200) to obtain a polyethylene glycol-linked recombinant human complex interferon alpha concatamer, using VSV-WISH (see " The specific activity of the system for the determination of the activity of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia is 1. l ⁇ 3. 5 X 108IU/mg.
  • a self-made linear homologous telechelic polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 10,000 daltons and an aldehyde group at both ends is used for human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (American Amgen) Product) Modified, reacted under acidic conditions containing sodium borohydride, purified by molecular sieve (Sephacryl S-200) to obtain polyethylene glycol-linked recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor tandem, using Chinese Pharmacopoeia III Appendix XE Method for Activity Determination, Tandem The specific activity was 4 to 5 X 107 IU/mg.
  • a self-made linear homologous telechelic polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 10,000 daltons and an aldehyde group at both ends is used for human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( Huabei Pharmaceutical Products) was modified, reacted under acidic conditions containing sodium borohydride, and purified by molecular sieve (Sephacryl S-200) to obtain a polyethylene glycol-linked recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor tandem.
  • the activity was determined by the three-part XF method of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and the specific activity was 6 ⁇ 8 X 106 IU/mg.
  • a self-made linear homologous telechelic polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 10,000 daltons and a double-end group of aldehyde groups is used for recombinant human erythropoietin (Shenyang Sansheng product) Modified, in the presence of boron
  • the sodium hydride was reacted under acidic conditions, and purified by molecular sieve (Sephacryl S-200) to obtain a polyethylene glycol-linked recombinant human erythropoietin tandem.
  • the activity was determined by the Chinese Pharmacopoeia three appendix XB method. The activity is 4. 6 to 9. 8 X 104 IU/mg. Book
  • a self-made linear homo-terminal telechelic polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 10,000 daltons and a double-end group of aldehyde groups is used for recombinant human interleukin-2 (Liaoning Satellite Company) Product) Modified, reacted under acidic conditions containing sodium borohydride, purified by molecular sieve (Sephacryl S-200) to obtain polyethylene glycol-linked recombinant human interleukin-2 tandem, using Chinese Pharmacopoeia III The activity was determined by the XD method in the Appendix, and the specific activity was 6 to 8 X 106 IU/ing.
  • a self-made linear homologous telechelic polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 10,000 Daltons and a double-end group of aldehyde groups is used for recombinant human interleukin-11 (Shandong Qilu Medicine)
  • the company's products have been modified, reacted under acidic conditions containing sodium borohydride, and purified by molecular sieves (Sephacryl S-200) to obtain polyethylene glycol-linked recombinant human interleukin-11 tandem, which was reported by Han Lei.
  • the method for the determination of the biological activity of recombinant human interleukin-11 Chinese Journal of Biochemical Drugs. 2003, 24 (1)] The activity was determined to be 2. 0 ⁇ 6. 5 X 106IU/mg .
  • a self-made linear homo-terminal telechelic polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 20,000 Daltons and a double-end group of aldehyde groups is used for Escherichia coli asparaginase (Changzhou Qianhong Company) Product) Modified, reacted under acidic conditions containing sodium borohydride, purified by molecular sieve (Sephacryl S-200) to obtain polyethylene glycol-linked asparaginase tandem, using substrate degradation method [Wei Yujun, Gao Xiangdong Wu Wutong. Construction of L-asparaginase mutant and its activity assay. Journal of China Pharmaceutical University, 2005, 36 (5) ] The activity was determined, and the specific activity was 100 ⁇ 210 IU/ mg .
  • a self-made linear homologous telechelic polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 20,000 Daltons and a double-end group of aldehyde groups is used for recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha (Shanghai Saida Bio) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
  • a self-made linear homologous telechelic polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 20,000 Daltons and a double-end group of aldehyde groups is used for recombinant human endostatin (Suzhou Zhongkai Biotechnology)
  • the pharmaceutical factory has been modified, reacted under acidic conditions containing sodium borohydride, and purified by molecular sieve (Sephacryl S-200) to obtain a polyethylene glycol-linked recombinant human endostatin tandem, which was reported by Yang Fang et al. [Methods of cloning, expression, purification and activity of human endostatin gene. 2005, 25 (4)] The activity was determined, and the specific activity was 2. 6 ⁇ 9. 8 X 105 IU / mg.
  • a self-made linear homologous telechelic polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 20,000 Daltons and a double-end group of aldehyde groups is used for human keratinocyte growth factor (American Amgen) Product) Modified, reacted under acidic conditions containing sodium borohydride, purified by molecular sieve (Sephacr yl S-200) to obtain polyethylene glycol-linked human keratinocyte growth factor tandem, using Chinese Pharmacopoeia Activity studies by three appendix XG methods have shown that modified products can stimulate mouse embryonic fibroblast growth.
  • a self-made linear homologous telechelic polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 20,000 Daltons and a double-end group of aldehyde groups is used for human basic fibroblast growth factor (Beijing Double).
  • Lulu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. has been modified and reacted under acidic conditions containing sodium borohydride.
  • Polyethylene glycol-linked human basic fibroblast growth factor was obtained by molecular sieve (S-Hex S-200) purification. 5 X 105IU/ ⁇
  • the activity of the tandem body, using the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" three appendix XG method showed that the specific activity was 0. 4 ⁇ 1. 5 X 105IU / mg.
  • a self-made linear homologous telechelic polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 20,000 Daltons and a double-end group of aldehyde groups is used for human epidermal growth factor (Shenzhen Huasheng Genetic Engineering) Development of limited public products) was modified, reacted under acidic conditions containing sodium borohydride, and purified by molecular sieve (S Indiahacryl S-200) to obtain polyethylene glycol-linked human epidermal growth factor tandem, using Chinese Pharmacopoeia The singularity of the activity is 1. 2 ⁇ 3. 8 X 105IU/mg contance
  • a self-made linear homologous telechelic polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 20,000 Daltons and a double-end group of aldehyde groups is used for human thymosin ⁇ ⁇ (trade name
  • the modification was carried out under acidic conditions containing sodium borohydride, and purified by molecular sieve (Sephacryl S-200) to obtain a polyethylene glycol-linked human thymosin ⁇ 1 tandem, which was reported by Gong Zhaolong et al. Gong Zhaolong, Xu Yihui, Zhan Rui, Gao Wei, Jiang Zuojun. Thymosin. 1 Expression, purification and biological activity detection of tandems. Chinese Journal of Biological Products, 2005, 18 (02): 111-114] Activity studies showed that the modified products can significantly promote the proliferation of mouse spleen cells.
  • a self-made linear homologous telechelic polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 20,000 Daltons and a double-end group of aldehyde groups is used for the human thymosin ⁇ 2 ⁇ reference Miao Hong and other researchers.
  • the report was prepared by itself, (Miao Hong, Guo Yuyu, Instruction manual
  • a self-made linear homologous telechelic polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 20,000 Daltons and a double-end group of aldehyde groups is used for human tissue plasminogen activator (commodity
  • the name "Ai Tong Li” was modified, reacted under acidic conditions containing sodium borohydride, and purified by molecular sieve (Sephacryl S-200) to obtain a polyethylene glycol-linked human tissue plasminogen activator tandem.
  • Li Baozong Li Baozong, Zheng Yi, Ye Linbai, Jin Jinrong, Qi Yinglong, He Shihan, Wu Zhenghui. Comparison of fibrinolytic activity of recombinant tPA and its mutants. Journal of Wuhan University (Science Edition), 2004 50 (6): 765-768]
  • Activity studies have shown that tandems can activate the activity of fibrinolytic enzymes.
  • a self-made linear homologous telechelic polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 5,000 Daltons and a double-end group of aldehyde groups is used for human brain natriuretic peptide (trade name "New Life” "", Chengdu Nuodikang Bio-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) was modified, reacted under acidic conditions containing sodium borohydride, and purified by molecular sieve (Sephacryl S-200) to obtain polyethylene glycol-linked human brain natriuretic peptide.
  • Tandem body using Rao Chunming and other methods reported [Rao Chunming, Wang Junzhi, Zhao Yang, Han Chunmei, Guo Ying, Gao Kai. Study on quality standards and assay methods of recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis. 2002, 22(05): 346-349] Activity studies have shown that tandems have the activity of stimulating contraction of rabbit arterial strips.
  • a self-made linear homo-terminal telechelic polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 5,000 Daltons and a double-end group of aldehyde groups is used for salmon calcitonin (Beijing Shiqiao Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd.)
  • the company's products have been modified, reacted under acidic conditions containing sodium borohydride, and purified by molecular sieve (Sephacryl S-200) to obtain a polyethylene glycol-linked salmon calcitonin tandem.
  • the method reported by Du Qingyou et al [Du Qingyou, Zhao Ming, Wang Huixin, Ding Hongmei. Cloning and expression of salmon calcitonin gene in E. coli. Journal of Biochemistry, 1997, 13 (5): 531-536]
  • Activity studies have shown that tandems have a role in reducing blood calcium in rats.
  • a self-made linear homologous telechelic polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 10,000 daltons and a double-end group of aldehyde groups is used for human thrombopoietin (Shenyang Sansheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.)
  • human thrombopoietin Shenyang Sansheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
  • the company's product was modified, reacted under acidic conditions containing sodium borohydride, and purified by molecular sieve (Sephacryl S-200) to obtain a polyethylene glycol-linked human thrombopoietin tandem.
  • the method reported by Li Chao et al [Li Chao, degree win, Zhou Yanrong, Chen Tianmi, Huang Peitang.
  • a self-made wire having an average molecular weight of 5,000 Daltons and a double-end group of aldehyde groups is used.
  • the same type of telechelic polyethylene glycol was modified by hirudin (trade name Angiomax, manufacturer BenVenice), reacted under acidic conditions containing sodium borohydride, and purified by molecular sieve (Sephacryl S-200).
  • hirudin trade name Angiomax, manufacturer BenVenice
  • Saphacryl S-200 molecular sieve
  • a glycol-connected hirudin tandem Using the method reported by Li Chao, etc. [Chen Huayou, Xing Zili, Li Yuanyuan. An improvement in the activity of hirudin by thrombin titration. Biotechnology, 2002, 12 (6): 24-25]
  • Activity studies have shown that tandems can effectively inhibit blood coagulation.
  • a self-made linear homo-terminal telechelic polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 5,000 Daltons and a double-end group of aldehyde groups is used for recombinant human stem cell factor (trade name STEMGEN®, USA) Amgen's product has been modified, reacted under acidic conditions containing sodium borohydride, and purified by molecular sieve (Sephacryl S-200) to obtain polyethylene.
  • a self-made linear homologous telechelic polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 5,000 daltons and a double-end group of aldehyde groups is used for human glucagon (trade name Novo and raw) Modified by Novo Nordisk, USA, reacted under acidic conditions containing sodium borohydride, purified by molecular sieve (S-H-S-200) to obtain polyethylene glycol-linked human glucagon tandem .
  • Activity studies have shown that human glucagon tandems have biological activities similar to human glucagon.
  • a self-made linear homologous telechelic polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 5,000 Daltons and a double-end group of aldehyde groups is used for the incretin analog Exenatide (trade name Ai Senamin, a BYETTATM and Amylin Pharmaceuricals Inc product in the United States, was modified and reacted under acidic conditions containing sodium borohydride to obtain a polyethylene glycol-linked Exenatide tandem via molecular sieve (Sephacryl S-200). Scrocchi LA, Brown TJ, Maclusdy N, et al.
  • a self-made recombinant human arginase is prepared using a self-made linear homologous telechelic polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 20,000 Daltons and both of which are aldehyde groups (see literature). -- Li Dali, Zheng Yingying. Cloning of artificial arginase gene and its yeast expression. Chemical and Bioengineering. 2006, 23 (4): 41-49 ) Modified under acidic conditions containing sodium borohydride The reaction was purified by molecular sieve (Sephacryl S-200) to obtain a polyethylene glycol-linked recombinant human arginase tandem. Method reported by Scrocchi LA et al. [Masaki I EM0T0, Masayoshi TABATA, Instruction manual
  • a self-made recombinant arginine deiminase is prepared using a self-made linear homologous telechelic polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 30,000 Daltons and a double-end group of aldehyde groups.
  • the modification was carried out under acidic conditions containing sodium borohydride, and purified by molecular sieve (Sephacryl S-200) to obtain a polyethylene glycol-linked recombinant arginine deiminase tandem.
  • the self-made recombinant human growth hormone is modified by using a self-made linear homologous telechelic polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 20,000 Daltons and both of which are aldehyde groups.
  • the reaction was carried out under acidic conditions containing sodium borohydride, and purified by molecular sieve (Sephacryl S-200) to obtain a polyethylene glycol-linked recombinant human growth hormone tandem.
  • Methods reported by Li Zhanjun et al [Li Zhanjun, Yang Huaxin, Xu Kangsen. Long-acting effects of PEGylated recombinant human growth hormone and in vivo biological activity. Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics.
  • the activity of the recombinant human growth hormone tandem has a similar biological activity, the specific activity is about 5. 0IU / mg.
  • Methods for preparation of human growth hormones [Liu Xiaohong, Su Yongping, Li Shurong, Wang Meng, Ai Guoping, Wang Junping, Cheng Tianmin. Cloning, high-efficiency expression and purification of human growth hormone gene. Chinese Journal of Experimental Surgery. 2003, 20 (8): 106-109
  • Also included in the protocol of the present invention is the content of verifying the molecular weight of the composite molecule.
  • Methods SDS-PAGE electrophoresis was used. The procedure is described in Appendix IVC of the 2005 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Concentrated gel concentration 5%; separation gel concentration 12%; sample loading 5-15 ⁇ g. Scanning is performed on the gel imaging system after electrophoresis. Since PEG can bind 2 ⁇ 3 water molecules per ethoxylated repeat group in aqueous solution, the hydrodynamic radius is much larger than that of globular protein of the same molecular weight. Therefore, the molecular weight of PEGylated protein measured by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis is required.
  • the research content for verifying the change of the modified tandem molecule in the metabolism of the animal is also included.
  • the methods of drug metabolism detection used for different protein and polypeptide molecules are also different. If the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or radionuclide labeling method can be used to directly detect the drug's outcome in animals or humans, this method is suitable for most proteins and peptides, and is commonly used in pharmacokinetic research and practice.
  • metabolic changes in protein and polypeptide molecules such as asparaginase, arginase, and arginine deiminase, can also be assessed using changes in the concentration of the substrate or product of the action of the protein and polypeptide molecules; It is also possible to evaluate the in vivo reversion of proteins and polypeptides by detecting effector molecules in physiological and biochemical changes caused by proteins or polypeptides, such as blood calcium measurement to evaluate calcitonin.
  • the study selected a method for the changes of serum arginine and citrulline after injection of arginine deiminase tandem, and the detection of serum arginine and citrulline can be achieved by HPLC, which is modern chromatography. Common methods in the field.
  • the results show that the tandem of arginine deiminase has a longer duration of maintenance of serum low arginine status than the original molecule, indicating that the tandem has a longer active decay period, as shown in the examples.
  • tandem molecules can reduce allergic reactions.
  • the advantage of the tandem body can be detected by an allergic reaction test method to detect the strength of the allergic reaction between the tandem body and the monomer.
  • the study was carried out through a guinea pig systemic active allergy test response. For specific steps, see the 2005 edition of the Technical Guidelines for Drug Research (organized by the National Food and Drug Administration) 127-131.
  • Lanel molecular weight Marker
  • Lane2 PEG-linked recombinant human interferon alpha 2a tandem
  • Lane3 PEG-linked recombinant human interferon alpha lb tandem
  • Lane4 PEG-linked recombinant human interferon a 2b tandem
  • Lane5 PEG Linked recombinant human interferon Y tandem
  • La ne 6 PEG-linked recombinant human complex alpha interferon tandem
  • La ne 7 PEG-linked recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor tandem
  • Lane8 PEG-linked recombinant Granulocyte-macrophage colony Description
  • Lanel molecular weight Marker
  • Lane2 PEG-linked recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha tandem
  • Lane3 PEG-linked E. coli asparaginase tandem
  • La n e4 PEG-linked recombinant human interleukin 2 tandem
  • Lan e 5 PEG-linked recombinant human interleukin 2 tandem
  • Lanel molecular weight Marker
  • Lane2 PEG-linked salmon calcitonin tandem
  • Lane3 PEG-linked human glucagon tandem
  • La ne 4 PEG-linked Exenatide tandem
  • L an e5 PEG linkage Recombinant human arginase tandem
  • L ane 6 PEG-linked recombinant arginine deiminase tandem
  • La ne 7 PEG-linked recombinant human growth hormone tandem;
  • A is a linking functional group
  • B is a biologically active functional group
  • Example 1 Preparation of polyethylene glycol-linked recombinant human interferon a-2a or other protein or polypeptide tandem
  • a self-made linear homo-terminal telechelic polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 10,000 Daltons and a double-end group of aldehyde groups was used.
  • the recombinant human interferon a-2a was obtained from Shenyang Sansheng Biopharmaceutical Company.
  • the recombinant human interferon d-2a was concentrated to 5 mg/ml, and the buffer was 20 mM PB, pH 7.0.
  • the pH of the buffer was adjusted to 5.0 with glacial acetic acid, and 20 mM NaCNBH3 was added thereto.
  • a self-made activated PEG dry powder was added, and the mass ratio of PEG to protein was 5:1.
  • the reaction was stirred at 4 ° C for 15 h, then 2 g of glycine was added to terminate the reaction.
  • Chromatographic separation The reaction mixture was applied to a S-100 column, eluted with a buffer at a flow rate of 20 ml/min, detected by Pharmacia UV_1 280 nm, and REC-101 recorded a peak spectrum. Samples were collected in sections. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis analysis. This step is intended to separate PEG modifications, unmodified and partial multi-modifications, as well as to remove free PEG and excess glycine. The first Sephacryl-S100 chromatographic separation and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis with a purity greater than 90% were combined and concentrated to a concentration above ⁇ g/ml.
  • the sample was applied to an S-100 column and eluted with a buffer at a flow rate of 20 ml/min.
  • the sample peaks were manually collected in sections to obtain a PEG-linked recombinant human interferon a-2a pure product.
  • Example 2 Electrophoretic detection of polyethylene glycol-linked recombinant human interferon a -2a tandem
  • mice Healthy, adult, male Kunming mice were used. After a single dose of single administration, the decrease in serum arginine concentration and the increase in citrulline concentration were used as indicators. After administration of the mice, blood was taken from the tail vein at different times, serum was prepared by a conventional method, and the contents of arginine and citrulline were determined by HPLC analysis. The results showed that the recombinant arginine deiminase tandem was longer than the non-catenin to reduce blood arginine. The data is shown in Table 1 below :
  • Group 1 one-time high-dose rhGH group
  • rhGH human growth hormone
  • control group 2 model group
  • vehicle normal saline containing 0.1% bovine serum albumin
  • the recombinant human growth hormone tandem was calculated at an estimated titer of 3.0 IU*mg-l at a dose of 9.4 III ⁇ kg-1 for the high dose group, 4.7 IU ⁇ kg-1 for the medium dose group, and 2.3 IU for the low dose group.
  • the three dose groups were all administered once; the positive control rhGH each dose group, divided into 6 times, once a day for 6 days, the total dose was 9.4 IU ⁇ kg-1 in the high dose group, Dose group 4.7 IU ⁇ kg-1, low dose group 2.3 IU ⁇ kg-lo
  • the animal body has a strong growth effect, which proves the long-acting effect of the rhGH tandem.
  • each dose group of rhGH tandem was enhanced, that is, the efficacy was higher than that of common rhGH at the same dose; the dose of rhGH tandem was dosed to the body for one-time administration.
  • the main indicators of weight gain and widening of the epiphyseal plate were equivalent to the multi-dose administration of rhGH in the high-dose group for 6 days, indicating that the rhGH tandem body has a stronger and longer-acting pharmacological effect of promoting the growth of the body than ordinary rhGH.
  • the biopotency of the rhGH tandem was calculated to be 5.2 IU/mg with reference to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.
  • the human thymosin ⁇ 1 and the human thymosin ⁇ ⁇ tandem prepared in Example 1 were administered intraperitoneally three times the human dose, every other day. Once, it was administered three times to sensitize it; on the 14th day after sensitization, 21 days, a six-fold human dose of human thymosin ⁇ 1 or human thymosin ⁇ prepared in Example 1 was injected into the calf vein of the guinea pig. 1 series excitation, observe and record the results within 30 min.
  • the guinea pig allergic reaction results showed that the allergic reaction of human thymosin ⁇ 1 reached the level 2 human thymosin ⁇ 1 tantalum allergic reaction was zero, indicating that the modification can reduce the allergic reaction of the exogenous peptide.

Description

一类蛋白质多肽的复合分子及应用 技术领域
本发明属于生物医药领域, 提供了一类代谢半衰期延长、 过敏源性降低的活.性蛋白质或 多肽的串联体。 技术背景
随着生物技术的飞速发展, 蛋白质药物已成为现代生物医药领域的重要组成部分。 如促
红细胞生长素、 粒细胞集落刺激因子、 干扰素、 白介素、 胰岛素以及各种疫苗等。 目前已有 5 0种以上重要的治疗药物上市, 近 1000种生物技术药物正进行临床试验或接受各国药监部 门审评。 但是蛋白质药物在体内会被快速清除, 组书织中大量存在的蛋白酶和肾小球滤过是药 物快速清除的生理途径。 为了维持一定的疗效需要大剂量频繁用药, 长期的反复注射不仅增 加了病人的痛苦而且易引发一系列副反应。 因此临床上需要研制长效的蛋白质药物。 减少蛋 白质药物水解, 同时降低肾小球的滤过作用, 这是延长药物半衰期的有效途径。
聚乙二醇修饰是制备长效蛋白的方法之一。
聚乙二醇是经环氧乙垸聚合而成的, 由重复的氧乙烯基组成。 不仅具有良好的水溶性, 也能溶于二氯甲垸、 Ν' Ν' -二甲基甲酰胺、 苯、 乙腈和乙醇等有机溶剂, 具有线性(相对分子 量 1000〜100000 ) 或支化 (相对分子量为 5000〜60000 ) 的链状结构, 线性 PEG分子式为 Η- ( 0-CH2-CH2 ) n- 0H。 普通的聚乙二醇两端各有一个羟基, 若一端以甲基封闭则得到甲氧基聚 乙二醇 (mPEG ) , 线性 mPEG的分子式为 CH3- (0- CH2-CH2 ) n- 0H, 在多肽和蛋白质的聚乙二 醇化修饰研究中应用最多的是 mPEG的衍生物。
聚乙二醇是中性、 无毒、 具有良好的生物相溶性的高分子聚合物, 是经 FDA批准的少数 能作为体内注射药用的合成聚合物之一。 聚乙二醇即 PEG具有髙度的亲水性, 在水溶液中有 较大的水动力学体积, 并且没有免疫原性。 当藕联到药物分子或药物表面时, 可以将其优良 性质赋予修饰后的药物分子, 改变它们在水溶液中的生物分配行为和溶解性, 在其修饰的药 物周围产生空间屏障, 减少药物的酶解, 避免在肾脏的代谢中很快消除, 并使药物能被免疫 系统的细胞识别。 聚乙二醇类修饰剂的药物动力学性质因它们的相对分子量和注射给药方式 而异, 分子量越大, 半衰期越长。 经过细胞色素 P450系统的氧化作用, PEG分解成小分子的 PEG, 经胆汁排泄。
药物经过聚乙二醇修饰后, 具有以下优点: 1、更长的半衰期; 2、较少的酶降解作用; 3、 较少的免疫原性及抗原性; 4、 较小的毒性; 5、 用药频率减少; 6、 更好的溶解性等。 修饰途 说 明 书
径对蛋白和多肽主要有氨基修饰 (包括 N端氨基的酰化修饰、 赖氨酸侧链氨基的酰化修饰)、 羧基修饰、 巯基修饰等, 其中主要是对 N末端或赖氨酸侧链氨基进行酰化修饰。 因为蛋白或 许多多肽结构中存在多个氨基, 所以控制和确定修饰位点及修饰程度一直是蛋白和多肽的聚 乙二醇修饰中的难点, 肽类化合物的合成中可以通过采用适当的保护策略来实现对氨基的定 点修饰。
蛋白药物的 PEG 修饰巳有许多成功的先例, 1991 年第一种用 PEG 修饰的蛋白药物 PEG-ADA被 FDA批准上市, 近几年上市的有 PEG-干扰素、 PEG-GSF、 PEG-生长抑素。 处于临床 前研究的 PEG修饰的蛋白药物有几十种, 处于临床实验的有: 牛血红蛋白、 降钙素、 表皮生 长因子、 白介素 -2、 水蛭素 (II期, BASF AG公司)、 抗- TNF a 抗体片段 (III期, Pharmacia 公司〕、 超氧化物歧化酶、 抗- PDGF抗体片段 ΠΙ期, Celltech公司)等。 经聚乙二醇共价修 饰后, 蛋白质药物的相对分子质量有所增加, 减少了药物排泄, 增加其抵抗蛋白酶分解的稳 定性, 降低免疫原性, 这些改变均有利于延长药物在体内的半衰期, 从而, 蛋白质药物的药 代动力学和药效性质得到明显改善。 例如, PEG 修饰的干扰素 α与未修饰的干扰素 α相比, 半衰期延长 10〜20倍; 超氧化物歧化酶 PEG修饰前半衰期为 5分钟, PEG修饰后半衰期延长 至 4. 2 h [Veronese FM等, 2005]。
白蛋白修饰也是制备长效蛋白或者多肽的有效方法之一。 近年来, 采用人血白蛋白对蛋 白和多肽进行修饰也取得了一些进展。 中国专利局收录了其中一些研究成果。 采用白蛋白修 饰的干扰素、 粒细胞集落刺激因子、 促红细胞生成素等的研究获得了一些有益的成果。
制备活性蛋白和多肽的串联体或者其它各种形式的串联体也是增加药物半衰期的方法之 蛋白质和多肽药物的串联体一般通过基因工程手段制备。 在基因表达过程中把编码蛋白 和多肽单体的基因串联起来, 间隔以编码甘氨酸和丝氨酸的碱基, 表达出来的蛋白或多肽串 联体往往含有不同长短的甘氨酸和丝氨酸接头。 如文献报道的人胸腺素 α 1 串联体 (薛晓畅 等, 2001 )。 这种方式的弊端是可能形成新的抗原提呈位点, 引起免疫反应; 另外, 对于接头 的长短选择有较大限制, 长接头将给基因表达带来麻烦, 不如 PEG选择方便。
综上所述, 围绕蛋白质和多肽分子制备新型的修饰分子对于推动蛋白多肽药物的深入幵 发具有很好的应用前景。 为了更好地挖掘该领域的技术深度, 拓展品种空间, 本发明提供了 一类不同于现有技术的新的修饰药物。 发明内容
一、 本发明的出发点和要解决的问题 说 明 书
当前, 蛋白质和多肽药物的长效化、 减少过敏、 增加水溶性等方面仍然是本领域值得深 入研究的目标。 为了达到长效, 就应该从减少药物在肾小球的滤过和减少蛋白酶降解入手。 根据现有文献经验, 如聚乙二醇化的重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子 (商品名 NeulaSta)、 聚乙 二醇化的重组人干扰素 (商品名配乐能)、 聚乙二醇化的门冬酰胺酶 (商品名 Oncaspar) 等 产品都是通过用聚乙二醇修饰的方式来延长药物半衰期或者减少过敏原性的。 可见, 增大分 子质量是延长药物半衰期或者减少过敏原性的有效方式之一, 这已经成为一个规律。
传统的增加药物半衰期的方式是采用单甲氧基聚乙二醇进行修饰, 或者基因工程法进行 白蛋白修饰, 或者基因工程法制备蛋白或多肽的串联体。 在现有文献的基础上, 我们设计采 用聚乙二醇等高分子聚合物作为连接功能团来制备活性蛋白和多肽串联体, 借此在同一个产 物分子上同时体现聚乙二醇的修饰和蛋白串联体的制备。 本发明的这种设计能够显著增加目 标蛋白或多肽分子的单分子质量, 借以增加被修饰蛋白或多肽的半衰期并减少抗原性。
这种方案一方面可以使蛋白质获得高分子聚合物修饰后带来的优点 (如增大分子量、 减 少过敏等); 同时, 相对于基因工程方法制备串联体来说, 通过这种化学连接制备蛋白或多肽 串联体, 具有工艺简单、 高分子聚合物柔性接头不增加串联体分子抗原性等优点。
二、 修饰物的选择
(一) 修饰剂方面
1、 修饰剂种类
用作蛋白和多肽修饰的大分子可以来源于广泛的生物材料, 如聚烯醇类化合物、 聚醚类 化合物、 二乙烯基醚与马来酸酐共聚物、 聚'烃基乙二醇及其衍生物、 聚烃基乙二醇及其衍生 物的共聚物、 聚乙烯基乙醚、 氧化乙烯和甲酸共聚物、 聚环氧化物、 乙二酸和丙二酸共聚物, 以及这些物质的衍生物等等。
在众多可选修饰剂中, 聚乙二醇是目前本领域内公认的常用修饰剂。 1991年 PEG修饰的 腺苷脱氨酶面市后, 己陆续有 PEG修饰的门冬酰胺酶、干扰素 _a-2a和干扰素 -a-2b经 FDA批 准用于临床。 因此, 选用 PEG修饰技术是本发明的优选方案之一。
聚乙二醇与蛋白质或多肽分子间的连接是靠聚乙二醇末端的衍生基团实现的。 在聚乙二 醇修饰药物的实践中, 发生修饰反应的端基不限于末端羟基, 如醛基、 羧基、 氨基、 对甲苯 磺酸酯基等都可以引入到聚乙二醇的羟基末端。 在聚乙二醇功能化的过程中, 可以将聚乙二 醇的末端羟基转化为相同的功能基, 也可以转化为不同的功能基, 前者叫做同端基遥爪聚乙 二醇 (homotelechelic PEG), 后者叫做异端基遥爪聚乙二醇 (heterotelechelic PEG)„
2、 修饰剂的端基
PEG 末端的醇羟基化学性质不活泼, 为保证其与药物活性基团间有适宜的反应速率, 需 引入上述基团对醇羟基进行活化, 以利于与蛋白质的 a-和 ε _氨基的反应。 按 PEG与蛋白质 氨基形成的连接键类型, 活化 PEG主要有: (1)垸基化 PEG (alkylating PEGs, 通过垸基键连 接),如醛基化 PEG (PEG aldehyde)、 PEG-三氟乙基磺酸酯(2. 2, 2-trif luoroethanesulfonyl , PEG-T)和环氧烷基化 PEG (PEG epoxide) 0 醛基化 PEG可通过氰基硼烷还原、 与 R- NH2形成 Schiff 氏碱得到, 适于活性中心含有带正电荷的大分子药物。 但反应速率较低, 有时需反应 24h, 长时间的反应有可能使不稳定的蛋白质失活, pH对反应的选择性有重要影响, pH5左右 时醛基化 PEG只与 a- NH2反应。 PEG-T是另一种可保持含有正电荷活性中心蛋白质活性的 PEG 修饰剂, 但反应专属性不强、 定性困难, 环氧垸基化 PEG的反应速度也较慢, 且其开环生成
的羟基有可能与蛋白质发生副反应。 (2) 酰化 PEG fecylating PEGs,通过酰胺键连接), 其中 大多是羧酸化 PEG与 N-羟基琥珀亚胺 (hydroxysuccimidc)所形成的活性酯 (PEG- 0- X-C00Su) , 目前较常用的是 PEG琥珀酰亚胺基琥珀酸酯(PEG书- succhnimidyl succinate, PEG- SS)和 PEG 琥珀酰亚胺基碳酸酯(PEG-succinimidyl carbonate, PEG- SC)。研究表明, -COOSu基团与 PEG 连接的最后一个垸氧基长度对其与氨基或水的反应活性有显著影响, 如 PEG- 0- CH2- CH2- CH2-C00Su的水解半衰期为 23h, 而 PEG- 0- CH2- COOSu仅为 0. 75h。 此外, 用 氯甲酸酯活化的 PEG与用琥珀酰亚胺活化的 PEG相比, 修饰反应速率低, 可控性强, 修饰可 具有一定的选择性, 在水相 -有机相体系中的反应也较容易。 另外, 一些常用的活性端基如 PEG-乙烯基磺酸 (PEG- Vinylsulphone)、 PEG-碘乙酰胺基、 PEG-马来酰胺和 PEG -正吡啶二 硫化物 (PEG - Orthopyridyldisulfide)可修饰游离的半胱氨酸, PEG -酰肼 (PEG -Hydrazide) 可以修饰寡糖侧链, PEG -异氰酸酯 (PEG -Isocyanate)用来修饰羟基或氨基。 其它可供选择 的活性端基还有马来酰亚胺顺丁烯二酰亚胺、 硝基苯基碳酸酯、 3- (2-吡啶二巯基)丙酸 n-羟 基琥珀酰亚胺酯、 异氰酸、 酰肼、 琥珀酸、 对甲苯磺酸等。
3、 修饰剂来源
上述活性聚乙二醇有些己经商品化, 另外一些可按照明确的参考文献进行制备。 有了这 些活性基团的引入方法, 制备同端基或者异端基聚乙二醇就很容易了。 如可以采用袁明龙等 报道的方法制备 PEG-对甲苯磺酸酯(中国专利, 申请号 98124012. 7 ), 可以采用 Zalipsky报 道的方法制备 PEG- NH2 (Zalipsky S, Gi lon C, Zi lkha A. Eur Polym J. 1983, 19 : 177 ), 可 以采用 Kern 等人报道的方法制备聚乙二醇酯 (Kern W, Iwabuchi S, Sato H, Bohmer V. Makromol Chem, 1979, 180 : 2539 ) , 可以采用 Gecheler 等报道的方法制备聚乙二醇羧酸 (Geckeler K, Bayer E. Polym Bull, 1979, 1:691 ), 而聚乙二醇末端羟基的醛基化可以通过 Harri s等人报道的方法实现 (Harris J M, Hundley NH, , Shannon TG, Struch EC. J Org Chem, 1982, 47 :4789; Harri s J , J Macromol Sci. Reb Macromol Chem Phys C25, 1985, 325; Harris 说 明 书
JM, Yalpani M, Van Alstine JM, Struch EC Case MG, Paley MS, Brooks DE. J Polyra Sci, Polym Chem Ed, 1984, 22 : 341 ); 异端基遥爪聚乙二醇的制备一般以同端基遥爪聚乙二醇为原料, 如 Zal ipsky和 Barany的报道提供了一种制备异端基遥爪聚乙二醇的方法(Zalipsky S, Barany G. polymerPrepr986, 27 : 1 ); Yukio等也报道了一种不同的制备异端基要抓聚乙二醇方法, 他们用含有指定功能基的引发剂来引发环氧乙垸聚合,首先在 PEG的 α末端引入氨基和醛基, 引入氨基时用乙氰作为引发剂, 由于氰基的吸电子效应, 乙氰表现出极强的酸性, 因此它很 容易用于丁基锂、 萘化钾等垸基金属金属化。 当用具有缩醛部分的醇钾盐(3, 3-二氧乙基丙 醇钾) 作为引发剂来引发环氧乙垸聚合, 可以定量地得到 α 末端带有缩醛部分的 PEG, 然后 用弱酸处理, 缩醛转化为醛基。 α -氨基或者 α 醛基聚乙二醇制备后, 用醇钾盐处理, 得到 醇盐,再用亲核试剂经过各种方式的变体很容易得到异端基遥爪聚乙二醇(Yukio N, Kazumori K, Vasao K. Polym Pr印 r, 1997, 38 : 529)。
同端基或者异端基遥爪聚乙二醇可以通过但不限于上述方法获得, 这已经是现有技术手 段能够实现的。 在本发明中采用同端基遥爪聚乙二醇时, 制备的复合分子中 PEG的两个活性 端往往分别连接在两个生物活性基团相同或者相似的位点上。 而异端基遥爪聚乙二醇在本发 明中也有独特的用处, 它可以使复合分子中的连接功能团上的两个不同的连接基团分别连接 在两个活性功能团的不同位点上, 同样能够达到本发明中制备活性功能团串联体的目的。
4、 修饰剂分子大小的选择
修饰剂的分子量是影响修饰产物生物活性和其它药学和药理学特性的因素之一。 修饰产 物的大小会影响目标复合分子的药代动力学特性, 主要是影响肾小球滤过和蛋白酶降解。 肾 小球滤过膜的通透性很髙, 内皮细胞、 基底膜、 和上皮细胞共同的阻碍作用形成了滤过器, 是具有大小和电核选择性的分子筛 (Sephacryl S-200 )。 只对血浆中的有形成分和大分子几 乎没有通透性。 对于大分子, 随体积的增加, 滤过速度急剧下降。 水和直径小于 3. 0 nm 的 中性物质可以自由通过。就分子量而言,菊粉为 5500,是自由通透的上限。分子量达到 70000 道尔顿时, 几乎没有滤过发生。 较大的物质, 如血浆白蛋白分子量为 66000 道尔顿, 直径 3. Onm, 被滤出的极少, 在肾小球滤液内的浓度仅有血浆浓度的 0. 02%。 由于裂孔带由负电荷, 与相同体积和重量的阳离子比较, 阴离子较不易通透。 因此, 从肾小球滤过角度出发, 分子 量小于 70000道尔顿的分枝或线型修饰剂均有可能改变被修饰物在肾小球的滤过率。 而修饰 物分子量的增大显然可以更加充分地减少蛋白酶对蛋白质和多肽的降解, 从而增加半衰期。 但在另一方面, 当修饰剂分子量增大时, 修饰产物的活性一般是呈下降趋势, 如已经上市的 聚乙二醇化干扰素 a -2a和 a -2b, 后者采用 12000道尔顿的修饰剂, 而前者修饰剂分子量 为 40000; PEG修饰后后者的比活性保留修饰前的 30%, 而前者修饰后活性只保留了修饰前的 3%左右。
从本发明的目的上来说, 不同分子量大小的修饰剂均能达到制备本发明目标物质 (即采 用高分子修饰剂来制备蛋白质或者多肽分子的串联物) 的目的, 因此修饰剂分子量大小不是 限制本发明的因素。 尽管如此, 本发明就不同的蛋白质或者多肽分子的修饰, 对修饰剂的分 子量大小做了综合考虑。 对于一些相对于人体而言是强过敏原的外源性蛋白和多肽优选分子 量 2000〜50000道尔顿的修饰剂, 更有选的是分子量 10000〜40000道尔顿的修饰剂; 对于人 体的自身蛋白质或者多肽分子, 修饰时优选使用分子量 1000〜60000道尔顿的修饰剂, 更有 选的是平均分子量为 5000~40000道尔顿的修饰剂。
本发明实施过程中, 修饰剂的更优化选择是选用了平均分子量为 5000〜30000、 活化端 基为醛基的同端基遥爪聚乙二醇衍生物。 用于制备这种修饰剂的不同分子量大小的聚乙二醇 均可以在现今市场上购买获得或者定制获得, 而聚书乙二醇的醛基化反应可以通过本发明专利 前文中提到的 Harri s等人提供的方法制备获得。
(二) 生物活性蛋白质或者多肽
1. 蛋白质或者多肽药物的活性反应官能团
PEG与多肽或蛋白质的修饰反应属于亲核反应。 多肽或蛋白质 C端的 d -C00H、 N端的 α -靈 及赖氨酸 (Lys)、 门冬氨酸 (Asp)、 谷氨酸 (Glu)、 精氨酸 (Arg)、 半胱氨酸 (Cys)、 酪 氨酸 (Tyr)、 色氨酸 (Try)、 甲硫氨酸 (Met)、 组氨酸 (Hi s)等 9种氨基酸的侧链在一定的介质 环境中较易离子化而呈现亲核性, 亲核活性由大到小依次为: R-S->R-NH2>R-C00-=R- 0-。 Cys 的巯基是最易被修饰的氨基酸残基, 但 Cys在蛋白质中的总量很少, 通常位于蛋白质的二硫 键和活性中心。 Lys占蛋白质中所有氨基酸总量的 10 %, 且较少参与构成多肽或蛋白质的活 性中心。
目前, PEG通常修饰的位点是大分子表面 Lys残基上的氨基, 包括 α - NH2或 ε -ΝΗ2。 例 如干扰素 a -2a进行的 PEG修饰结果表明,94 %的修饰位点都集中在干扰素的 Lys31、Lysl 21、 Lys l 31、 Lys l34等 4个残基上, 其余 6%位于 Lys70和 Lys83。 这种修饰反应位点的不确定 性使得修饰产物是混合物, 给终产品质量控制带来困难。 当每个多肽或者蛋白质分子上有多 个可供修饰位点时, 如果采用具有两个活化基团的修饰物进行修饰时, 得到的产物比较复杂, 会出现多种模式的修饰产物。
蛋白质和多肽分子上另一个理想的修饰目标是 N端第一个氨基酸的氨基。 在硼氢化钠存 在时, 带醛基的 PEG会和伯胺发生还原氨化反应。 醛基和其它的亲电活性基团不同, 它只和 胺基反应。 虽然醛基的反应活性比 NHS活性酯低, 但是它具有反应条件温和 (pH 6-9. 5 , 反应 6〜24小时), 易于使 PEG和蛋白质或其它材料的表面连接。 因此, 在较低的 pH下, 带有醛 基的 PEG会对蛋白质的 N端进行选择性反应, 形成均一的修饰物结构。 在此思路下完成的长 效人粒细胞集落刺激因子产品已经在美国上市, 商品名为 Neulasta。
本发明中优选的修饰位点确定为蛋白质或多肽分子的 N端第一个氨基酸的氨基, 优选的 修饰剂是端基为醛基的同端基遥爪聚乙二醇衍生物。
2.目标蛋白质和多肽分子
按照本发明的思路, 在被修饰物具有可被修饰的活性基团前提下, 任意一种蛋白质或者 多肽分子都可以制备成本发明所描述的串联体。 凡是以本发明提到的高分子聚合物及其衍生 物为连接物的活性蛋白质或多肽串联体都在本发明的保护范围内。
进一步地, 凡是以同端基遥爪聚乙二醇及其衍生物或者异端基遥爪聚乙二醇及其衍生物 为连接物的活性蛋白或多肽串联体都在本发明的保护范围内。
在本发明实施过程中, 优选的蛋白质和多肽分书子是目前已经商品化的药物或试剂级蛋白 质或者多肽, 包括重组人干扰素家族各种分子、人粒细胞集落刺激因子、 人粒细胞-巨噬细胞 集落刺激因子、人促红细胞生成素、人白细胞介素 -2、人白细胞介素 -11、人肿瘤坏死因子 α、 微生物来源的天冬酰胺酶、 人血管内皮抑素、 人角化细胞生长因子 人胸腺素 a l、 人胸腺 素 α 2、 组织型人纤溶酶原激活剂、 人血小板生成素、 人脑利钠肽、 水蛭素、 人干细胞因子、 肠降血糖素及其类似物、 胰高血糖素、 鲑鱼降钙素、 支原体精氨酸脱亚胺酶、 人精氨酸酶、 酸性或碱性成纤维细胞生长因子、 腺苷脱胺酶、 人表皮生长因子、 神经生长因子、 血小板源 性生长因子、 超氧化物歧化酶、 人生长激素以及上述蛋白或者多肽的突变体等。 这里述及的 突变体是指与原型蛋白质或者多肽分子具有相同或者相似作用的蛋白质或多肽分子突变体, 包括氨基酸的删减或者突变。
上述蛋白质和多肽分子的结构和性质均可以通过现有文献查询系统获得, 其制备工艺也 己经有公开文献。 因而这些蛋白质和多肽分子本身的制备技术不是本发明的内容, 这些分子 都可以通过商业渠道获得, 也可以依据参考文献中的多肽化学合成技术或者蛋白质基因工程 表达技术获得, 属于公知技术范_畴。
本发明中具有生物活性的单体蛋白质或者单体多肽的目标范围包括但不限于上述蛋白质 或者多肽以及它们的突变体。 ,
三、 修饰反应和修饰后分离
(一) 修饰反应
根据修饰剂端基的种类选择不同的修饰条件, 这对于本领域的技术人员是不难作出判断 的。
本发明实施过程中使用最多的是端基为醛基的同端基遥爪聚乙二醇进行修饰。 反应缓冲 说 明 书
体系采用醋酸缓冲液, pH值选择 4. 0, 氰硼氢化钠的浓度为 0. 126%, 蛋白或多肽浓度为 1-10 mg/ml, 蛋白或多肽与修饰剂的摩尔比为 2〜5 : 1, 室温下挽拌 2〜16小时后加入甘氨酸至终 浓度为 4%, 终止反应。 为了更高效地获得反应产物, 本发明在具体实施过程中可根据目标蛋 白和多肽的等电点对反应缓冲液的酸碱度进行调整, 以规避开蛋白质或多肽的等电点, 一般 反应缓冲体系的 pH为 4. 0〜5. 0。
(二) 修饰混合物的分离
PEG修饰后的混合物, 其分子量差异较明显, 优先选用凝胶层析进行分离。 凝胶是一种 多孔性的不带表面电荷的物质, 当带有多种成分的样品溶液在凝胶内运动时, 由于它们的分 子量不同而表现出速度的快慢, 在缓冲液洗脱时, 分子量大的物质不能进入凝胶孔内, 而在 凝胶间几乎是垂直的向下运动, 而分子量小的物质则进入凝胶孔内进行 "绕道"运行, 这样 就可以按分子量的大小, 先后流出凝胶柱, 达到分离的目的。 凝胶层析又称分子筛过滤、 排 阻层析等。 它的突出优点是层析所用的凝胶属于惰性载体, 不带电荷, 吸附力弱, 操作条件 比较温和, 可在相当广的温度范围下进行, 不需要有机溶剂, 并且对分离成分理化性质的保 持有独到之处。 对于高分子物质有很好的分离效果。
交联葡聚糖、 聚丙烯酰胺生物凝胶介质化学惰性较好且有不同大小孔径, 适应不同分子 量的蛋白质的分级分离, 但这些凝胶的机械强度差, 很难用于大规模条件下的分离。近年来, Sepharcry Superdex等几种机械强度较好的凝胶得到广泛应用。 这些凝胶均有商品化的实 物, 都可以用于本发明中反应混合物的分离。
本发明分离实验在 Sephacryl S-200层析柱上进行, 平衡缓冲液选用与反应缓冲体系相 同的弱酸性溶液即醋酸缓沖液(pH4. 0〜5. 0 ), 并在缓冲液中加入 0. 1M的 NaCl来减少蛋白的 非特异性吸附。
经过分子筛层析分离后,蛋白或多肽分子的串联体可以很好的从反应混合物中分离出来。 四、 本发明的方案
在本发明的实施方案中, 分别选用市售平均分子量分别为 5000道尔顿、 10G00道尔顿、 20000道尔顿和 30000道尔顿的线型聚乙二醇为原料, 采用 Harris等提供的方法(参考文献 见上文), 制备了不同分子量大小、 端基均为醛基的同端基遥爪聚乙二醇衍生物。 PEG的醛基 化活化反应在化学领域己经有数十年的历史, 反应路线也多样化, 属于公知技术之一, 本发 明不再提供具体实施例。 按照本发明方案制备的端基均为醛基的同端基遥爪聚乙二醇衍生物 其分子式为 【(0CH2CH0) —PEG— (0CH2CH0) ], 化学反应式如下:
(l) K0tBu/C6H6
HO- PEG- OH + BrCH2CH(0Et) 2 ► (0CH2CH0) -PEG- ( 0CH2CHO) 说 明 书
(2) HC1 本发明的又一个具体方案中, 采用平均分子量为 10000道尔顿、 双端基均为醛基的自制 线型同端基遥爪聚乙二醇对重组人干扰素 a - 2a (沈阳三生生物制药公司产品)进行了修饰, 在含有硼氢化钠的酸性条件下反应, 经分子筛 (Sephacryl S- 200 ) 纯化获得了聚乙二醇连接 的重组人干扰素 a -2a串联体, 用 VSV- WISH (具体参见 《中国药典》 三部附录 XC) 系统进 行活性测定的比活性约为 2 X 107IU/mg。
本发明的又一个具体方案中, 采用平均分子量为 10000道尔顿、 双端基均为醛基的自制 线型同端基遥爪聚乙二醇对重组人干扰素 α -lb (北京三元公司产品) 进行了修饰, 在含有 硼氢化钠的酸性条件下反应, 经分子筛 (Sephacryl S- 200) 纯化获得了聚乙二醇连接的重组 人干扰素 a - lb 串联体, 用 VSV-WISH (具体参见 《中国药典〉〉三部附录 XC) 系统进行活性 测定, 比活性为 2. 1〜6. OX 107IU/mgo
本发明的又一个具体方案中, 采用平均分子量为 10000道尔顿、 双端基均为醛基的自制 线型同端基遥爪聚乙二醇对重组人干扰素 a -2b (北京远策药业公司产品) 进行了修饰, 在 含有硼氢化钠的酸性条件下反应, 经分子筛 (Sephacryl S-200) 纯化获得了聚乙二醇连接的 重组人干扰素 a - 2b 串联体, 用 VSV- WISH (具体参见 《中国药典》 三部附录 X C) 系统进行 活性测定, 比活性为 l〜2 X 107IU/mg。
本发明的又一个具体方案中, 釆用平均分子量为 10000道尔顿、 双端基均为醛基的自制 线型同端基遥爪聚乙二醇对重组人干扰素 Y (上海生物制品研究所产品) 进行了修饰, 在含 有硼氢化钠的酸性条件下反应, 经分子筛 (Sephacryl S-200)纯化获得了聚乙二醇连接的重 组人干扰素 Y串联体, 用 VSV-WISH (具体参见 《中国药典》 三部附录 XC) 系统进行活性测 定的比活性为 0. 4〜1. l X 107IU/mg。
本发明的又一个具体方案中, 采用平均分子量为 10000道尔顿、 双端基均为醛基的自制 线型同端基遥爪聚乙二醇对重组复合 α 干扰素(美国安进公司产品)进行了修饰, 在含有硼 氢化钠的酸性条件下反应, 经分子筛 (Sephacryl S- 200) 纯化获得了聚乙二醇连接的重组人 复合 α 干扰素串联体, 用 VSV-WISH (具体参见 《中国药典》三部附录 X C) 系统进行活性测 定的比活性为 1. l〜3. 5 X 108IU/mg。
本发明的又一个具体方案中, 采用平均分子量为 10000道尔顿、 双端基均为醛基的自制 线型同端基遥爪聚乙二醇对人粒细胞集落刺激因子 (美国安进公司产品) 进行了修饰, 在含 有硼氢化钠的酸性条件下反应, 经分子筛 (Sephacryl S- 200)纯化获得了聚乙二醇连接的重 组人粒细胞集落刺激因子串联体, 用 《中国药典》 三部附录 XE 方法进行活性测定, 串联体 的比活性为 4〜5 X 107IU/mg。
本发明的又一个具体方案中, 采用平均分子量为 10000道尔顿、 双端基均为醛基的自制 线型同端基遥爪聚乙二醇对人粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子 (华北制药产品) 进行了修饰, 在含有硼氢化钠的酸性条件下反应, 经分子筛 (Sephacryl S-200 ) 纯化获得了聚乙二醇连接 的重组人粒细胞 -巨噬细胞集落刺激因子串联体, 用 《中国药典》三部附录 X F方法进行活性 测定, 结果比活性为 6〜8 X 106IU/mg。
本发明的又一个具体方案中, 采用平均分子量为 10000道尔顿、 双端基均为醛基的自制 线型同端基遥爪聚乙二醇对重组人促红细胞生成素 (沈阳三生产品) 进行了修饰, 在含有硼
氢化钠的酸性条件下反应, 经分子筛 (Sephacryl S- 200) 纯化获得了聚乙二醇连接的重组人 促红细胞生成素串联体,用《中国药典》三部附录 XB方法进行活性测定,结果比活性为 4. 6〜 9. 8 X 104IU/mg。 书
本发明的又一个具体方案中, 采用平均分子量为 10000道尔顿、 双端基均为醛基的自制 线型同端基遥爪聚乙二醇对重组人白细胞介素- 2 (辽宁卫星公司产品) 进行了修饰, 在含有 硼氢化钠的酸性条件下反应, 经分子筛 (Sephacryl S- 200) 纯化获得了聚乙二醇连接的重组 人白细胞介素 -2串联体, 用《中国药典》三部附录 XD方法进行活性测定, 结果比活性为 6〜 8 X 106IU/ing。
本发明的又一个具体方案中, 采用平均分子量为 10000道尔顿、 双端基均为醛基的自制 线型同端基遥爪聚乙二醇对重组人白细胞介素 -11 (山东齐鲁药业公司产品)进行了修饰, 在 含有硼氢化钠的酸性条件下反应, 经分子筛 (Sephacryl S- 200) 纯化获得了聚乙二醇连接的 重组人白细胞介素 -11串联体, 用韩蕾报道的方法 [韩蕾.重组人白细胞介素 11生物学活性测 定方法研究.中国生化药物杂志. 2003, 24 ( 1 ) ]进行活性测定, 结果比活性为 2. 0〜6. 5 X 106IU/mg。
本发明的又一个具体方案中, 采用平均分子量为 20000道尔顿、 双端基均为醛基的自制 线型同端基遥爪聚乙二醇对大肠杆菌天门冬酰胺酶 (常州千红公司产品) 进行了修饰, 在含 有硼氢化钠的酸性条件下反应, 经分子筛 (Sephacryl S- 200)纯化获得了聚乙二醇连接的天 冬酰胺酶串联体, 用底物降解法 [韦玉军, 高向东, 吴梧桐. L 门冬酰胺酶突变体的构建及其 活性测定. 中国药科大学学报, 2005, 36 (5) ]进行活性测定, 结果比活性为 100〜210 IU/mg
本发明的又一个具体方案中, 采用平均分子量为 20000道尔顿、 双端基均为醛基的自制 线型同端基遥爪聚乙二醇对重组人肿瘤坏死因子 α (上海赛达生物药业股份有限公司产品) 进行了修饰, 在含有硼氢化钠的酸性条件下反应, 经分子筛 (Sephacryl S- 200)纯化获得了 聚乙二醇连接的重组人肿瘤坏死因子 a 串联体,用张英起等报道的方法 [张英起,赵宁,李波, 刘磊,王增禄,朱宝娥,颜真,苏成芝.应用基因工程方法制备新型重组人肿瘤坏死因子 α .细胞 与分子免疫学杂志. 2002, 18 (4) : 402-406]进行活性测定,结果比活性为2. 6〜7. 8 10811!/1^。
本发明的又一个具体方案中, 采用平均分子量为 20000道尔顿、 双端基均为醛基的自制 线型同端基遥爪聚乙二醇对重组人血管内皮抑素 (苏州中凯生物制药厂产品) 进行了修饰, 在含有硼氢化钠的酸性条件下反应, 经分子筛 (Sephacryl S-200 ) 纯化获得了聚乙二醇连接 的重组人血管内皮抑素串联体, 用杨芳等报道的方法 [杨芳,何援利,姜孝玉,刘芸,彭冬先,宗 利丽.人内皮抑素基因的克隆、 表达、纯化及活性测定. 2005, 25 (4) ]进行活性测定, 结果比活 性为 2. 6〜9. 8 X 105IU/mg。
本发明的又一个具体方案中, 采用平均分子量为 20000道尔顿、 双端基均为醛基的自制 线型同端基遥爪聚乙二醇对人角化细胞生长因子 (美国安进公司产品) 进行了修饰, 在含有 硼氢化钠的酸性条件下反应, 经分子筛 (Sephacr书yl S-200) 纯化获得了聚乙二醇连接的人角 化细胞生长因子串联体, 用 《中国药典》 三部附录 X G 方法进行活性研究表明, 修饰产物能 够刺激小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞生长。
本发明的又一个具体方案中, 采用平均分子量为 20000道尔顿、 双端基均为醛基的自制 线型同端基遥爪聚乙二醇对人碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 (北京双鹭药业股份有限公司产品) 进行了修饰, 在含有硼氢化钠的酸性条件下反应, 经分子筛 (S印 hacryl S-200)纯化获得了 聚乙二醇连接的人碱性成纤维细胞生长因子串联体, 用 《中国药典》 三部附录 XG 方法进行 活性研究表明, 比活性为 0. 4〜1. 5 X 105IU/mg。
本发明的又一个具体方案中, 采用平均分子量为 20000道尔顿、 双端基均为醛基的自制 线型同端基遥爪聚乙二醇对人表皮生长因子 (深圳市华生基因工程发展有限公 产品) 进行 了修饰, 在含有硼氢化钠的酸性条件下反应, 经分子筛 (S印 hacryl S-200) 纯化获得了聚乙 二醇连接的人表皮生长因子串联体, 用 《中国药典》 三部附录 XG 方法进行活性研究表明, 比活性为 1. 2〜3. 8 X 105IU/mg„
本发明的又一个具体方案中, 采用平均分子量为 20000道尔顿、 双端基均为醛基的自制 线型同端基遥爪聚乙二醇对人胸腺素 α ΐ (商品名日达仙) 进行了修饰, 在含有硼氢化钠的 酸性条件下反应, 经分子筛 (Sephacryl S-200) 纯化获得了聚乙二醇连接的人胸腺素 α 1串 联体, 用宫照龙等报道的方法 [宫照龙,徐义辉,展瑞,高昱,蒋作君.胸腺素。 1串联体的表达、 纯化及生物学活性检测.中国生物制品学杂志,2005年, 18 (02) : 111-114 ]进行活性研究表明, 修饰产物能显著促进小鼠脾细胞增殖。
本发明的又一个具体方案中, 采用平均分子量为 20000道尔顿、 双端基均为醛基的自制 线型同端基遥爪聚乙二醇对人胸腺素 α 2 {参考苗红等学者的报道自行制备, (苗红, 郭葆玉, 说 明 书
张冉, 张莉.重组胸腺素 α 1的表达、纯化和生物学活性.中国生物化学与分子生物学报. 2003, 10, 19 (5) :636〜639 )}进行了修饰,在含有硼氢化钠的酸性条件下反应,经分子筛(Sephacryl S - 200)纯化获得了聚乙二醇连接的人胸腺素 α 2串联体,用宫照龙等报道的方法 [宫照龙, 徐 义辉, 展瑞, 高昱, 蒋作君.胸腺素 α ΐ 串联体的表达、 纯化及生物学活性检测.中国生物制 品学杂志, 2005年, 18 (02) : 111-114]进行活性研究表明, 修饰产物能显著促进小鼠脾细胞增 殖。
本发明的又一个具体方案中, 采用平均分子量为 20000道尔顿、 双端基均为醛基的自制 线型同端基遥爪聚乙二醇对人组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(商品名 "爱通立")进行了修饰, 在含 有硼氢化钠的酸性条件下反应, 经分子筛 (Sephacryl S- 200)纯化获得了聚乙二醇连接的人 组织型纤溶酶原激活剂串联体, 用李宝宗报道的方法 [李宝宗, 郑竑, 叶林柏, 郜金荣, 佘应 龙, 贺石汉, 吴正辉. 重组 tPA 及其突变体纤溶活性的比较. 武汉大学学报(理学版), 2004 50 (6): 765-768]进行活性研究表明, 串联体能够激活纤溶蛋白酶的活性。
本发明的又一个具体方案中, 采用平均分子量为 5000道尔顿、双端基均为醛基的自制线 型同端基遥爪聚乙二醇对人脑利钠肽(商品名 "新活素",成都诺迪康生物制药有限公司产品) 进行了修饰, 在含有硼氢化钠的酸性条件下反应, 经分子筛 (Sephacryl S-200) 纯化获得了 聚乙二醇连接的人脑利钠肽串联体,用饶春明等报道的方法 [饶春明,王军志,赵阳,韩春梅, 郭莹,高凯。重组人脑利钠肽质量标准与检定方法研究。药物分析杂志。 2002, 22( 05 ): 346-349] 进行活性研究表明, 串联体具有刺激兔动脉条收缩的活性。
本发明的又一个具体方案中, 采用平均分子量为 5000道尔顿、双端基均为醛基的自制线 型同端基遥爪聚乙二醇对鲑鱼降钙素 (北京世桥生物制药有限公司产品) 进行了修饰, 在含 有硼氢化钠的酸性条件下反应, 经分子筛 (Sephacryl S-200) 纯化获得了聚乙二醇连接的鲑 鱼降钙素串联体。 用杜清友等报道的方法 [杜清友, 赵明, 王会信, 丁红梅。 鲑鱼降钙素基因 在大肠杆菌中的克隆与表达。 生物化学杂志, 1997, 13 ( 5): 531-536]进行活性研究表明, 串联体具有降低大鼠血钙的作用。
本发明的又一个具体方案中, 采用平均分子量为 10000道尔顿、 双端基均为醛基的自制 线型同端基遥爪聚乙二醇对人血小板生成素(沈阳三生制药股份有限公司产品)进行了修饰, 在含有硼氢化钠的酸性条件下反应, 经分子筛 (Sephacryl S- 200) 纯化获得了聚乙二醇连接 的人血小板生成素串联体。用李朝等报道的方法 [李 朝,程度胜,周艳荣,陈添弥,黄培堂。一 种新型血小板生成素( TP0) 模拟肽的合成及功能研究。 中国实验血液学杂志。 2003 ; 11 (2) : 128 - 131]进行活性研究表明, 串联体能够显著提高小鼠循环血液中血小板的数量。
本发明的又一个具体方案中, 采用平均分子量为 5000道尔顿、双端基均为醛基的自制线 型同端基遥爪聚乙二醇对水蛭素 (商品名 Angiomax, 生产商 BenVenice公司) 进行了修饰, 在含有硼氢化钠的酸性条件下反应, 经分子筛 (Sephacryl S-200 ) 纯化获得了聚乙二醇连接 的水蛭素串联体。 用李朝等报道的方法 [陈华友, 邢自力, 李媛媛。 凝血酶滴定法测定水蛭素 活性的改进。 生物技术, 2002, 12 (6 ): 24-25]进行活性研究表明, 串联体能够有效地抑制血 液凝固。
本发明的又一个具体方案中, 采用平均分子量为 5000道尔顿、双端基均为醛基的自制线 型同端基遥爪聚乙二醇对重组人干细胞因子(商品名 STEMGEN®, 美国 Amgen公司产品)进行 了修饰, 在含有硼氢化钠的酸性条件下反应, 经分子筛 (Sephacryl S- 200) 纯化获得了聚乙
二醇连接的重组人干细胞因子串联体。 用王军志等报道的方法 [王军志, 赵阳, 陈国庆, 饶春 明。重组人干细胞因子生物学活性测定的质量控制研究。中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志。 2001 : 8 (4): 294- 296]进行活性研究表明, UT-7细胞对重组人书干细胞因子串联体具有显著依赖性。
本发明的又一个具体方案中, 采用平均分子量为 5000道尔顿、双端基均为醛基的自制线 型同端基遥爪聚乙二醇对人胰高血糖素(商品名诺和生,美国诺和诺德公司产品)进行了修饰, 在含有硼氢化钠的酸性条件下反应, 经分子筛 (S印 hacryl S-200 ) 纯化获得了聚乙二醇连接 的人胰高血糖素串联体。用 WEN Chongwei等报道的方法 [WEN Chongwei, WANG Zuoren, DU Peng, GAN Renbao, ZHU Shangquan . Secretion expression of recombinant glucagon in Escherichia Coli. SCIENCE IN CHINA (Series C) , 2001 ; 44 (3) : 233- 240]进行活性研究表 明, 人胰高血糖素串联体具有与人高血糖素相似的生物活性。
本发明的又一个具体方案中, 采用平均分子量为 5000道尔顿、双端基均为醛基的自制线 型同端基遥爪聚乙二醇对肠降血糖素类似物 Exenatide (商品名艾塞那肽, 即美国的 BYETTATM , Amylin Pharmaceuricals Inc 产品) 进行了修饰, 在含有硼氢化钠的酸性条件 下反应, 经分子筛 (Sephacryl S-200 ) 纯化获得了聚乙二醇连接的 Exenatide 串联体。 用 Scrocchi LA等报道的方法 [Scrocchi LA, Brown TJ, Maclusdy N, et al. Glucose intolerance but normal satiety in mice with a mull mutation in the glucagon- like peptide I receptor gene [J] . Nat Med, 1996, 2 (11) : 1254- 1258]进行活性研究表明, Exenatide 串联体具有与 Exenatide相似的生物活性, 能够减缓小鼠胃的排空速度。
本发明的又一个具体方案中, 采用平均分子量为 20000道尔顿、 双端基均为醛基的自制 线型同端基遥爪聚乙二醇对自制的重组人精氨酸酶 (参见文献 --李大力, 郑迎迎. 人工型精氨 酸酶基因的克隆及其酵母表达.化学与生物工程. 2006, 23 (4): 41-49 )进行了修饰, 在含有 硼氢化钠的酸性条件下反应, 经分子筛 (Sephacryl S-200) 纯化获得了聚乙二醇连接的重组 人精氨酸酶串联体。 用 Scrocchi LA 等报道的方法 [Masaki I EM0T0, Masayoshi TABATA, 说 明 书
Toshio MIYAKE, Toshiaki K0N0, Masataka MORI, Masayuki TOTANI and Takashi MURACHI. Expression of human l iver arginase in Escherichia coli [J] . Biochem. J. 1990, 270, 697-703]进行活性研究表明,重组人精氨酸酶串联体具有与重组人精氨酸酶相似的生物活性, 能够把精氨酸降解为尿素。
本发明的又一个具体方案中, 采用平均分子量为 30000道尔顿、 双端基均为醛基的自制 线型同端基遥爪聚乙二醇对自制的重组精氨酸脱亚胺酶进行了修饰, 在含有硼氢化钠的酸性 条件下反应, 经分子筛 (Sephacryl S-200)纯化获得了聚乙二醇连接的重组精氨酸脱亚胺酶 串联体。 用 Misawa S 等报道的方法进行活性研究表明, 重组精氨酸脱亚胺酶串联体具有与 重组精氨酸脱亚胺酶具有相似的生物活性, 能够把精氨酸降解为瓜氨酸。 制备方法参见文献 Misawa S, Aoshima M, Takaku H, et al. High-level expression of Mycoplasma arginine deiminase in Escherichia coli and its efficient renaturation as an ant i -tumor enzyme. J Biotechnol. 1994, 361 : 145-155。
本发明的又一个具体方案中, 采用平均分子量为 20000道尔顿、 双端基均为醛基的自制 线型同端基遥爪聚乙二醇对自制的重组人生长激素进行了修饰, 在含有硼氢化钠的酸性条件 下反应, 经分子筛 (Sephacryl S- 200) 纯化获得了聚乙二醇连接的重组人生长激素串联体。 用李湛军等报道的方法 [李湛军, 杨化新, 徐康森. 聚乙二醇化重组人生长激素长效作用及在 体生物活性研究. 中国临床药理学与治疗学. 2005, 10 (11): 25-29] , 采纳胫骨法和体重法 进行活性研究表明, 重组人生长激素串联体具有与重组人生长激素具有相似的生物活性, 比 活性约为 5. 0IU/mg。 人生长激素制备方法参见文献 [刘晓宏, 粟永萍, 李淑蓉, 王蒙, 艾国平, 王军平, 程天民. 人生长激素基因的克隆、 高效表达及纯化. 中华实验外科杂志. 2003, 20 (8): 106-109] 同法制备对商品名为安苏萌的重组人生长激素进行修饰, 获得了相同活性 的重组人生长激素串联体。
在本发明的方案中还包括验证复合分子分子量大小的内容。 方法采用 SDS— PAGE电泳, 步骤参见中国药典 2005年版附录 IVC。 浓缩胶浓度 5%; 分离胶浓度 12%; 上样量 5- 15 μ g。 电泳后在凝胶成像系统上进行扫描。 由于 PEG在水溶液中每个乙氧基重复基团可以结合 2〜3 个水分子导致其流体力学半径远远大于同分子量的球状蛋白,因此用 SDS— PAGE 电泳测量的 聚乙二醇化蛋白分子量要大于其真实的分子量, 与分子量标准相比有 "拖后"现象。 这一现 象在本发明的实施例中也同样出现, 见图 1、 图 2和图 3。 该方案的实施证明了本发明能够制 备出上述蛋白和多肽分子的串联体, 增大了原分子的分子量, 见图 1、 图 2和图 3。 在本发明 的实施例中虽然仅仅给出了 19种蛋白和多肽的串联体电泳结果,但并不构成对本发明范围的 限制, 同业者可以根据本发明的描述制备出其它蛋白质和多肽分子的串联体。 说 明 书
进一步地, 在本发明的方案中还包括验证修饰后的串联体分子在动物体内代谢方面发生 变化的研究内容。 针对不同的蛋白和多肽分子, 采用的药物代谢检测方法也不尽相同。 如可 以采用酶联免疫吸附试验或者放射性核素标记的方法来直接检测药物在动物或者人体内的转 归, 这一方法适合于大部分蛋白质和多肽, 是药代动力学研究与实践领域常用的方法; 也可 以采用蛋白质和多肽分子的作用的底物或产物的体内浓度变化来评估蛋白质和多肽分子的代 谢状况, 如门冬酰胺酶、 精氨酸酶和精氨酸脱亚胺酶等; 还可以通过检测蛋白质或多肽引起 的生理生化变化过程中的效应分子来评估蛋白质和多肽体内转归情况, 如检测血钙来评价降 钙素等。 与上述 SDS— PAGE电泳试验的内容一样, 本环节提供的是一种凡例, 目的是证明本 发明制备的复合分子具有延长的体内半衰期的特性, 本发明方案和实施例中的个例提供的内 容并不构成对本发明范围的限制。 PEG 修饰能够增加蛋白质和多肽分子的药物代谢半衰期, 这在上市的药物和众多文献中可以得到相应的认知。 故此, 本发明的方案中仅以精氨酸脱亚 胺酶为例测定了本发明制备的药物串联体的半衰期的变化。 研究选择了注射精氨酸脱亚胺酶 串联体后血清内精氨酸和瓜氨酸的变化的方法, 而检测血清内精氨酸和瓜氨酸可以通过 HPLC 的方法实现, 这是现代色谱领域的常用方法。 研究结果显示, 精氨酸脱亚胺酶的串联体比原 型分子具有更长久的维持血清低精氨酸状态作用, 说明串联体具有更长的活性衰减周期, 具 体见实施例。
更进一步地, 本发明还设计了证明串联体分子能够减少过敏反应的研究内容。 可以通过 过敏反应试验方法检测串联体与单体对动物过敏反应的强弱来检测串联体的优势。 研究通过 豚鼠全身主动过敏试验反应来实现, 具体步骤参见 2005年版药物研究技术指导原则(国家食 品药品监督管理局组织编写) 127〜131页。
为了更好地说明本发明的现实可行性和效果, 我们列举了一些实施例。 这些实施例虽然 没有能够把自然界常见的活性蛋白和多肽一一列举, 但实施例提供的方法和产物足以延伸到 任意有生物活性的蛋白质和多肽分子, 同业人员可以方便地依据本发明的描述制备出具有更 优化功能的蛋白质和多肽分子的串联体, 这些串联体同样在本发明的保护范围内。 附图说明
图 1. 重组人干扰素等蛋白和多肽分子串联体的电泳结果
Lanel :分子量 Marker; Lane2 : PEG连接的重组人干扰素 a 2a串联体; Lane3 : PEG连接 的重组人干扰素 α lb串联体; Lane4 : PEG连接的重组人干扰素 a 2b串联体; Lane5 : PEG连 接的重组人干扰素 Y串联体; Lane6 : PEG 连接的重组人复合 α干扰素串联体; Lane7 : PEG 连接的重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子串联体; Lane8 : PEG 连接的重组人粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落 说 明 书
刺激因子串联体;
图 2. 重组人肿瘤坏死因子 α等蛋白和多肽分子串联体的电泳结果
Lanel :分子量 Marker; Lane2 : PEG连接的重组人肿瘤坏死因子 α串联体; Lane3 : PEG 连接的大肠杆菌门冬酰胺酶串联体; Lane4 : PEG连接的重组人白细胞介素 2串联体; Lane5 :
PEG连接的重组人白细胞介素 11串联体; Lane6 : PEG连接的人胸腺素 α 1串联体; Lane7 : PEG 连接的重组人胸腺素 α 2串联体;
图 3. 重组鲑鱼降钙素等蛋白和多肽分子串联体的电泳结果
Lanel :分子量 Marker; Lane2 : PEG连接的鲑鱼降钙素串联体; Lane3 : PEG连接的人胰 高血糖素串联体; Lane4 : PEG连接的艾塞那肽串联体; Lane5 : PEG连接的重组人精氨酸酶串 联体; Lane6 : PEG连接的重组精氨酸脱亚胺酶串联体; Lane7 : PEG连接的重组人生长激素 串联体;
图 4.复合分子结构示意图
A为连接功能团, B为生物活性功能团 具体实施方式
实施例 1. 聚乙二醇连接的重组人干扰素 a -2a等蛋白或多肽串联体的制备
反应: 采用平均分子量为 10000道尔顿、 双端基均为醛基的自制线型同端基遥爪聚乙二 醇,重组人干扰素 a -2a来自沈阳三生生物制药公司。将重组人干扰素 d -2a浓缩为 5mg/ml, 缓冲液为 20mM PB, pH7. 0。 用冰醋酸调节缓冲液 pH值为 5. 0, 加入 20mMNaCNBH3, 充分溶解 后,再加入自制的活化 PEG干粉, PEG与蛋白质的质量比为 5: 1。在 4 °C条件下搅拌反应 15h , 然后加入 2g 甘氨酸以终止反应。
层析分离: 将反应混合物上样于 S— 100层析柱中, 用缓冲液以 20ml/min的流速洗脱, Pharmacia UV_1280nm检测, REC- 101记录出峰图谱。 分段收集样品。 SDS-PAGE电泳分析。 此步骤旨在分离 PEG修饰物、 未修饰物和部分多修饰物, 以及除去游离的 PEG和过量的甘氨 酸。 将第一次 Sephacryl- S100层析分离后 SDS- PAGE电泳纯度大于 90%的样品合并, 浓縮至 浓度 ^g/ml以上。 上样于 S— 100层析柱中, 用缓冲液以 20ml/min的流速洗脱。 Pharmacia Control Unit UV— 1在 280nra检测吸收, REC— 101记录洗脱峰谱。 手动分段收集样品峰, 获 得 PEG连接的重组人干扰素 a -2a纯品。
同法制备了重组人干扰素 a lb串联体、重组人干扰素 a 2b串联体、重组人干扰素 Y串联 体、 重组人复合 α干扰素串联体、重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子串联体、 重组人粒细胞-巨噬细 胞集落剌激因子串联体、 重组人肿瘤坏死因子 α串联体、 大肠杆菌门冬酰胺酶串联体、 重组 人白细胞介素 2串联体、 重组人白细胞介素 11串联体、 人胸腺素 α ΐ串联体、 重组人胸腺素 α 2 串联体、 鲑鱼降钙素串联体、 人胰高血糖素串联体、 艾塞那肽串联体、 重组人精氨酸酶 串联体、 重组精氨酸脱亚胺酶串联体和重组人生长激素串联体。 制备过程中采用的反应缓冲 体系的酸碱度适当调整, 保持在酸性条件下, 尽量避开目标分子的等电点。 不同的蛋白或多 肽分子使用的修饰剂大小见前文所述。
实施例 2. 聚乙二醇连接的重组人干扰素 a -2a串联体等分子的电泳检测
方法采用 SDS— PAGE电泳, 步骤参见中国药典 2005年版附录 IVC:。 浓縮胶浓度 5%; 分离 胶浓度 12%; 上样量约】 0μ8。 电泳后在凝胶成像系统上进行扫描。 电泳扫描结果提示, 本发 明制备的上述蛋白和多肽串联体的分子说量测定结果比理论分子量稍大(具体数据省略), 见附 图 1、 附图 2和附图 3。
实施例 3. 重组精氨酸脱亚胺酶串联体药代初步分析
采用健康、 成年、 雄性昆明种小鼠。 单剂量单次给药后, 血清中精氨酸浓度的降低和瓜 氨酸浓度的升高作为检测指标。 小鼠给药后, 不同时间尾静脉取血, 常规方法制备血清, 用 HPLC 分析测定精氨酸和瓜氨酸的含量。 结果表明, 重组精氨酸脱亚胺酶串联体比非串联体 具有更长久的降低血液精氨酸的特点。 数据见下表 1:
表 1. 血浆精氨酸、 瓜氨酸浓度 (μΜ) 法推测药物体内代谢情况
时间 (天) ADI ADI串联体
精氨酸 瓜氨酸 精氨酸 瓜氨酸
对照 136.1±14.3 75.4±9.5 158.3 ±25. 1 67.4±6.9
1 <5.0 239·5±22.2 <5.0 247.1±22.6
3 <5.0 265.5 ±38.6 <5.0 288.2± 13.6
5 118.8±24.6 66.2±13.5 <5.0 287.5 ±21.4
7 134.6±13.2 56.4 ±5.3 <5.0 202.7 ±11.5
10 117.6±12.4 77.8 ±11.2 118.2±17.4 112.5±14.8
实施例 4. 重组人生长激素串联体的长效作用观察
以去除脑垂体大鼠 (无内源性生长激素)为动物模型, 观察聚乙二醇修饰重组生长激素在 体的促进动物生长的生物活性功能和长效药理作用。
方法: 以摘除脑垂体的大白鼠为动物模型,按体重均匀随机分成 8组, 每组 10只。 对照 说 明 书
1组(一次性给予 rhGH高剂量组) 一次性给予重组人生长激素 (rhGH) 9.4 IU · kg-1; 对照 2 组 (模型组) 只给予溶媒 (含 0.1%牛血清白蛋白的生理盐水); 重组人生长激素串联体按估 计效价 3.0IU*mg-l计算, 给药剂量为高剂量组 9.4 III· kg- 1、 中剂量组 4.7 IU · kg- 1、 低 剂量组 2.3 IU - kg- 1, 三个剂量组均为一次性给药; 阳性对照 rhGH各剂量组, 分 6次, 每 天给药一次,连续 6d, 给药总和剂量分别为高剂量组 9.4 IU · kg-1,中剂量组 4.7 IU · kg-1, 低剂量组 2.3 IU · kg-lo
阳性对照组第 6次给药后 24小时后处死所有大鼠, 检测体重、尾长、肝脏重量和胫骨骨 骺板宽度。 结果: 实验结果显示,与模型组比, rhGH 串联体组一次给药各剂量组体重显著增 加 (P<0.01) ,尾长也显著增长 (P<0.01) ,胫骨骨骺板宽度显著增宽 (P<0.01) ,中、 高 剂量组肝脏重量增加(P<0.01 ) ; 对照组 1组一次性给予 rhGH高剂量 6天后促进动物机体 生长的作用极微, 而 rhGH串联体一次性给药 6天后促进动物机体生长作用较强, 证明 rhGH 串联体的长效作用。 rhGH 串联体各剂量组与每天给药的 rhGH相应剂量相比, 各生长指标均 有增强, 即同剂量下药效高于普通的 rhGH; rhGH串联体中剂量组一次性给药所至机体生长的 主要指标体重增加和骨骺板增宽与高剂量组 rhGH分 6天多次给药的效果相当, 说明 rhGH串 联体比普通 rhGH具有高强、长效的促进机体生长的药理作用。 参照中国药典计算 rhGH串联 体的生物效价为 5.2IU/mg。
研究结果表明, 串联体单次使用的效果与非修饰生长激素多次使用效果相当, 提示这种 类型的串联体在长效蛋白和多肽的制备中有应用前景。 给药前 1天与给药后第 7天大鼠体重 变化数据见下表, 其余数据略。 表中 Abw为体重增加值 (Abw= bw7- bwl), bwl为给药前 给药 dl体重, bw7为给药后 d7体重。
表 2,PEG-rhGH各组对去垂体大鼠体重 (bw) 的影响 (3 ^士 SD, n=10)
Figure imgf000019_0001
注: 与对照 2模型组比较, P<0.01; 与 rhGH单次给药组比较, : P<0.01: 说 明 书
与相应剂量阳性对照 rhGH组比较, *P〈0. 05
实施例 5. 串联体减少动物过敏的试验
豚鼠 60只, 雌雄各半, 体重 250-300g, 均分为三组, 将人胸腺素 α 1和实施例 1制备的 人胸腺素 α ΐ 串联体按人用剂量的三倍腹腔给药, 隔日一次, 给药三次, 使其致敏; 与致敏 后的第 14天, 21天于豚鼠小腿胫静脉分别注射六倍人用剂量的人胸腺素 α 1或实施例 1制备 的人胸腺素 α 1串联体激发, 30min内观察并记录结果。
表.豚鼠全身过敏试验级数判断标准
Figure imgf000020_0001
注: 过敏反应达到 2级以上, 过敏反应为阳性
豚鼠过敏反应结果说明, 人胸腺素 α 1过敏反应达到 2级 人胸腺素 α 1串联体过敏反应 为零级, 说明修饰后可以降低这种外源肽的过敏反应。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一类人工的复合分子, 其主要特征是: 该类复合分子由一个连接功能团 A和两个结构相同 的生物活性功能团 B组成, 其中连接功能团 A通过化学键把两个活性功能团 B连接起来。 其结构如附图 4所示。
2、如权利要求 1所述的复合分子, 其中的连接功能团 A是分支型或者线型高分子聚合物, 选 自聚烯醇类化合物、 聚醚类化合物、 二乙烯基醚与马来酸酐共聚物、 聚烃基乙二醇及其衍生 物、 聚烃基乙二醇及其衍生物的共聚物、 聚乙烯基乙醚、 氧化乙烯和甲醛共聚物、 聚环氧化 物、 乙二酸和丙二酸共聚物以及上述这些物质的衍生物中的一种。
3、 如权利要求 1〜2 所述的复合分子, 其中的连接功能团 A 是聚醚类化合物时选自具有 HO ( (CH2) xO) nH 结构通式的化合物、 聚丙二醇、 聚氧化乙烯 H0 ( (CH2) 20) nH、 聚乙烯醇 (CH2CH0H) n或这些物质的衍生物中的一种。
4、 如权利要求 1〜2所述的复合分子, 其中的连接功能团 A是聚烯醇类化合物时选自聚乙二 醇、 聚乙烯醇、 聚丙烯醇、 聚丁烯醇或其它烯醇化合物及它们的衍生物中的一种。
5、如权利要求 4所述的复合分子, 其中的功能团 A是具有两个活性端基的聚乙二醇及其衍生 物, 所述活性端基选自醛基、 羧基、 氨基、 对甲苯磺酸酯基、 琥珀酰亚胺基琥珀酸酯基、 琥珀酰亚胺基碳酸酯基、 马来酰亚胺顺丁烯二酰亚胺、 硝基苯基碳酸酯、 3- (2-吡啶二巯 基)丙酸 n-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯、 异氰酸、 酰肼、 琥珀酸、 对甲苯磺酸。
6、如权利要求 5所述的复合分子, 其中的连接功能团 A是两个活性端基为醛基的同端基遥爪 聚乙二醇。
7、 如权利要求 1所述的复合分子, 其中的生物活性功能团 B是蛋白质或多肽分子。
8、如权利要求 7所述的蛋白质或多肽分子, 特别是指选自人干扰素家族各种分子、人粒细胞 集落刺激因子、人粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子、人促红细胞生成素、人白细胞介素- 2、 人白细胞介素 -11、 人肿瘤坏死因子、 微生物来源的天冬酰胺酶、 人血管内皮抑素、 人角 化细胞生长因子、 人胸腺素 a l、 人胸腺素 α 2、 组织型人纤溶酶原激活剂、 人血小板生 成素、 人脑利钠肽、 水蛭素、 人干细胞因子、 肠降血糖素及其类似物、 胰高血糖素、 鲑 鱼降钙素、 支原体精氨酸脱亚胺酶、 人精氨酸酶、 酸性或碱性成纤维细胞生长因子、 腺 苷脱胺酶、 人表皮生长因子、 神经生长因子、 血小板源性生长因子、 超氧化物歧化酶、 人生长激素以及上述这些蛋白质或多肽的活性突变体中的任意一种。
9、 如权利要求 1〜8所述的复合分子, 其中的连接功能团 Α的两个活性端基分别连接在两个 生物活性功能团 B的碳末端 α 羧基、 氮端的 a 氨基以及赖氨酸、 门冬氨酸、 谷氨酸、 精氨酸、 半胱氨酸、 酪氨酸、 色氨酸、 甲硫氨酸、 组氨酸等 9种氨基酸的侧链上。
10、 如权利要求 9所述的复合分子, 连接功能团 Α与生物活性功能团 Β进行连接的方式是: 权 利 要 求 书
连接功能团 A的两个活性醛基末端分别与两个 B功能团的氮末端氨基酸的 α 氨基发生还 原氨化反应而连接。
、 含有如权利要求 1〜10所述的复合分子的制剂在制备用于延长 Β.功能团的药物代谢半衰 期、 增加 Β功能团水溶性以及减少 Β功能团过敏性的药物中的应用。
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