Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
  • C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
  • C01F7/02—Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
  • C01F7/04—Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom
  • C01F7/06—Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide therefrom by treating aluminous minerals or waste-like raw materials with alkali hydroxide, e.g. leaching of bauxite according to the Bayer process
  • C01F7/0646—Separation of the insoluble residue, e.g. of red mud
  • C01F7/0653—Separation of the insoluble residue, e.g. of red mud characterised by the flocculant added to the slurry
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
  • C02F1/54—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using organic material
  • C02F1/56—Macromolecular compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F212/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
  • C08F212/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
  • C08F212/04—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring
  • C08F212/06—Hydrocarbons
  • C08F212/08—Styrene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
  • C09K23/54—Silicon compounds

Definitions

• Bauxite is the basic raw material for almost all manufactured aluminum compounds. In the course of production of aluminum compounds, bauxite can be refined to aluminum hydroxide by the Bayer process, the Sinter process, and combinations thereof. Bauxites are typically classified according to their main mineralogical constituents as gibbsitic, boehmitic and diasporic. The mineralogical composition of bauxite can impact the method of processing.
• the Sinter process often requires another step where a desilication additive such as lime is added to the green liquor to remove soluble silica species from the liquor.
• a desilication additive such as lime is added to the green liquor to remove soluble silica species from the liquor.
• the slurry is treated with flocculants and fed to a desilication settler to remove insoluble desilication products that include sodium aluminosilicates and calcium aluminosilicates.
• the settled solids from the flocculation procedure known as mud, are withdrawn from the bottom of the mud settler and passed through a countercurrent washing circuit for recovery of sodium aluminate and soda.
• the red mud and/or aluminate liquor may contain sodium
• the suspended solids are preferably separated at a relatively fast rate if the overall process is to be efficient.
• Efficient removal of suspended solids from process streams in processes to produce alumina has been addressed in a variety of maimers, including, but not limited to: employing polyacrylates as flocculants; using combinations of polyacrylates and starch in Bayer alumina recovery circuits; using polyacrylamide within the mud settler; treating different stages in the Bayer alumina recovery circuit with different flocculant compositions; removing suspended solids from Bayer alumina process streams by contacting and mixing a Bayer process stream with hydroxamated polymers; and using blends of hydroxamated polymer emulsions with polyacrylate emulsions to remove suspended solids from Bayer alumina process streams.
• the silicon-containing polymer is generally configured to enhance flocculation of suspended solids in a process for digesting Bauxite ore.
• Examples of silicon-containing polymers include polymers having pendant silane groups, e.g., silicon-containing pendant groups, of the Formula (I) attached thereto: -Si(OR) 3 (I)
• each R is independently hydrogen, C 1-20 alkyl, C 2-20 alkenyl, C 6-12 aryl, C 7-20 aralkyl, a group I metal ion, a group II metal ion, or NR' 4 + ; where each R' is independently hydrogen, C 1-20 alkyl, C 2-20 alkenyl, C 6-12 aryl, and C 7-20 aralkyl; and where R and R' are each independently unsubstituted, or hydroxy-substituted.
• R groups include lower alkyl groups, e.g., C 1-6 alkyl groups and C 1 . 3 alkyl groups; phenyl, benzyl, Na + , K + , and NH 4 + .
• substituted alkyl or aryl groups can advantageously be employed.
• the silicon-containing polymer may have at least 10%, 12%, 15%, or 20% of monomeric units having an -Si(OR) 3 group.
• High content of -Si(OR) 3 groups present in the flocculant composition may increase the flocculation benefit of the flocculant composition.
• the aqueous solution including the silicon-containing polymer may be made in a variety of manners.
• a polymer backbone is synthesized by solution
• the silicon-containing polymers can be made by polymerizing a monomer containing the group -Si(OR) 3 of Formula (1), or by
• aminopropyltriethoxysilane p-aminophenyltriethoxysilane, 3-(m-aminophenoxypropyl)- trimethoxysilane, ⁇ -aminobutyltriethoxylsilane, and the like.
• Other functional groups can be added to the polymer by reacting it with amines, alcohols, and other compounds.
• the amount of the fu st recurring unit is at least about S % , preferably at least about 8 %, by number based on total number of recurring units in the polymer.
• the polymer can comprise further recurrent units derived from vinyl monomers such as styrene, alkyl vinyl ether and N-vinylpyrrolidone.
• the amount of the second recurring unit is at least about 8% e.g., at least about 10%, by number based on total number of recurring units in the polymer.
• a 1 and A 2 are each independently a direct bond or an organic connecting group comprising from about 1 to about 20 carbons;
• R “ H, optionally substituted C 1 -C 20 alkyl, optionally substituted C 6 -C 12 aryl, optionally substituted C 7 -C 20 aralkyl, optionally substituted C 2 -C 20 alkenyl, Group I metal ion, Group II metal ion, or NR 1 4 , where each R 1 is independently selected from H, optionally substituted C 1 -C 20 alkyl, optionally substituted C 6 -C 12 aryl, optionally substituted C 7 -C 20 aralkyl, and optionally substituted C 2 -C 20 alkenyl.
• polymer PI may be used herein to refer to polymers comprising a recurring unit of the structure (I), optionally a recurring unit of the structure (II), and a recurring unit of the structure (III).
• the polymer PI comprises recurring units of the structure (I) in which R" is a Group I metal ion (e.g., Na), a Group (II) metal ion (e.g., K) and/or NR ⁇ (e.g., ammonium).
• R" is a Group I metal ion (e.g., Na), a Group (II) metal ion (e.g., K) and/or NR ⁇ (e.g., ammonium).
• the amounts of recurring unit in the polymer PI may vary over a broad range.
• the polymer PI comprises at least about 8 mole percent, preferably at least about 15 mole percent of recurring units of the structure (I), based on total moles of recurring units in the polymer
• Q is optionally substituted C 1 -C 20 alkyl, optionally substituted C 6 -C 12 aryl, optionally substituted C 7 -C 20 aralkyl, or optionally substituted C 2 -C 20 alkenyl.
• the aqueous solution including the silicon-containing polymer is intermixed with surfactant and oil at amounts and ratios sufficient to form a water-in-oil emulsion. While the weight ratio of the aqueous phase to hydrocarbon phase may vary widely, weight ratios in the range of about 4:1 to about 1 :1 are typically suitable.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
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• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
• Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
• Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
• Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
• Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
• Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)

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• 2011
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