WO2011095845A1 - Améliorations apportées à la récupération de chaleur dans un système de chauffage domestique - Google Patents

Améliorations apportées à la récupération de chaleur dans un système de chauffage domestique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011095845A1
WO2011095845A1 PCT/IB2010/050532 IB2010050532W WO2011095845A1 WO 2011095845 A1 WO2011095845 A1 WO 2011095845A1 IB 2010050532 W IB2010050532 W IB 2010050532W WO 2011095845 A1 WO2011095845 A1 WO 2011095845A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fumes
heat
heating system
boiler
particulate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2010/050532
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Stefano Bandini
Original Assignee
Densworth Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Densworth Limited filed Critical Densworth Limited
Priority to PCT/IB2010/050532 priority Critical patent/WO2011095845A1/fr
Publication of WO2011095845A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011095845A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H8/00—Fluid heaters characterised by means for extracting latent heat from flue gases by means of condensation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
    • F23G7/07—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
    • F23J15/025—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow using filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D21/0001—Recuperative heat exchangers
    • F28D21/0003—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases
    • F28D21/0005—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases for domestic or space-heating systems
    • F28D21/0007—Water heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/10—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
    • F23J2215/101—Nitrous oxide (N2O)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/40—Carbon monoxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2217/00—Intercepting solids
    • F23J2217/10—Intercepting solids by filters
    • F23J2217/103—Intercepting solids by filters ultrafine [HEPA]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2219/00—Treatment devices
    • F23J2219/70—Condensing contaminants with coolers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/30—Technologies for a more efficient combustion or heat usage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of domestic heating systems.
  • the invention discloses improvements to heat recovery in a domestic heating system, for example a heating system for a building comprising a main heater, such as a boiler, and a heat recovery module.
  • domestic heating systems are known to produce a major contribution to air pollution, expecially in densely populated areas.
  • a domestic heating system releases significant quantities of pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO), non-combusted hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate.
  • CO carbon monoxide
  • HC non-combusted hydrocarbons
  • NOx nitrogen oxides
  • Many domestic heating systems are obsolete and/or subject to poor maintenance and hence have a low efficiency; their replacement with new systems however is expensive, especially if civil works are needed.
  • WO 2006/067820 discloses a system where return water is pre-heated in a condensation module coupled to the boiler. Said condensation module is able to cool the combustion fumes down to around 35 °C, by means of a water/fume heat exchanger and a heat pump, thus recovering the latent heat of the fumes and achieving a good efficiency. The pollutants are correspondingly reduced.
  • the prior art generally teaches to install fumes treatment devices such as mechanical or catalyst filters in a by-pass duct in parallel with the exhaust duct, see e.g. EP 1 606 554. Recovering the heat of the fumes discharged by the boiler is attractive because the fumes have a relatively high temperature of about 150 °C, suitable for heat recovery at attractive cost, and recovering the heat of fumes allows to enhance efficiency and to reduce pollution.
  • fumes treatment devices such as mechanical or catalyst filters in a by-pass duct in parallel with the exhaust duct
  • the prior art heat recovery system are substantially based on heat exchange elements, such as tubes or plates, externally heated by the fumes.
  • a drawback of these systems is that the surface of said heat exchange elements is exposed to fouling caused by soot and particles of the fumes .
  • Said foul ing sign ificantly decreases the heat exchance coefficient, and the design and size of the heat exchange elements must take this aspect into account, i.e. the heat exchange elements must be larger in order to guarantee the nominal performance even when fouling is present.
  • the particles of the fumes may be responsible for cost around 20/30% h igher and size about 40% greater of the heat exchange elements depending on the type of fuel burnt in the boiler; cheaper fuels generates greater fouls.
  • the pressure drops are higher due to increased contact surface and thus friction forces on the heat exchangers walls.
  • the aim of the invention is to solve the above drawbacks, and to improve the known technique of heat recovery in a domestic heating system.
  • a domestic heating system comprising at least a main heater adapted to heat a thermal fluid by combustion of a fuel, and a heat recovery module arranged to preheat said thermal fluid by recovering heat from combustion fumes discharged by said main heater, said module comprising at least one heat exchanger between said fumes and said thermal fluid, the system being charaterized by comprising a particulate removal system, adapted to remove particulate matter from the fumes, said particulate removal system being located upstream said at least one heat exchanger of the heat recovery module.
  • particulate in this description, is used to mean any particulate matter (PM), and in particular the organic matter such as soot particles released by the combustion process.
  • Said particulate removal system may involve, according to preferred embodiments of the invention, at least a particulate filter and/or a catalytic converter adapted to provide further oxidation of the particulate contained in the fumes, upon the action of a suitable catalyst.
  • the particulate filter is a ceramic fiber or metal fiber filter.
  • the catalytic converter when provided, comprises a suitable catalyst for oxidizing the particulate, on a suitable carrier.
  • the catalyst is supported by a high-surface alumina layer of the carrier, to enhance the contact surface between the catalyst and the fumes.
  • Suitable catalysts are known, for example, from the applications to diesel engines and are also applicable to the invention.
  • a catalyst comprising noble metal oxides can be used.
  • Said main heater may be a conventional boiler, for example a smoke tube boiler.
  • the thermal fluid is preferably water.
  • the heat recovery module preferably comprises a heat exchanger between the fumes and the thermal fluid, and a heat pump disposed to transfer further heat from the fumes to said thermal fluid. Said heat pump is preferably adapted to cool the fumes to their dew temperature, thus recovering the latent heat of vaporization.
  • the maximum recoverable heat of vaporization is the difference between lower heating value (LHV) and higher heating value (HHV); depending on the fuel and the combustion conditions it is possible to know in advance the maximum recoverable energy from the water phase change.
  • LHV lower heating value
  • HHV higher heating value
  • Catalytic conversion usually require a high temperature to operate, for example around 350 °C.
  • the heating system or the heat recovery module preferably comprises a heater adapted to heat the fumes to a suitable temperature for the catalyst.
  • the main heater is fed with a rich fuel mixture containing some excess of fuel compared to stoichiometric value, to promote the further combustion that takes place in the catalytic converter.
  • the catalytic conversion has the advantage that an additional heat is del ivered and the temperature of the fumes is increased; hence the downstream heat exchange elements of the recovery module have the benefit of a greater difference of temperature between the fumes and the thermal fluid.
  • the advantage can in standard conditions around 0.3-0.4%; by means of a mod ified rich bu rn generated for the purpose, the advantage can be greater and reach around 1 % of recovery with minimal or null exchanger performance reduction.
  • At least one catalytic converter is positioned on the path of the fumes, in a suitable position so that the temperature of the fumes flowing through said at least one catalytic converter is in the range required for operation of the catalyst.
  • suitable catalyst carriers may be inserted inside the tubes of a smoke tube boiler.
  • a smoke tube boiler may comprise tubes arranged in multiple passages, usually three passages. The temperature of the fumes gradually decreases along the tubes, while heat is exchanged with the hot water outside the tube bundles.
  • the catalyst carriers are provided at an appropriate position where, under normal operation, the temperature of the fumes is suitable for the catalytic reaction.
  • Said temperature is usually in a range which spans from 300 to 450 °C with a preferred value around the place were 350 °C according to the standard local temperature profile.
  • the tubes comprise swirlers (also called turbulators) that act as catalyst carriers.
  • a smoke-tube boiler comprises at least some tube swirlers that directly support a catalyst adapted to oxidize particulate.
  • the swirlers are coated with a h ig h-surface alumina layer supporting a suitable catalyst.
  • Still another aspect of the invention is that conventional swirlers may be treated to directly support a catalyst: for example, metal swirlers of a tube smoke boiler are coated with a high-surface alumina layer supporting a suitable catalyst.
  • a boiler comprising heat exchange tubes and swirlers inside said tubes can be revamped by coating at least partly the tube swirlers with a suitable catalyst, or by replacing at least some of the swirlers with catalyst-coated swirlers.
  • Some or all of the tube swirlers may be coated with catalyst, or replaced with catalyst-coated swirlers, and each of said swirlers may be coated partly or fully with the catalyst.
  • said catalyst is supported by a high-surface washcoat such as alumina coating.
  • the catalyst is adapted to oxidize the particu late of the fumes; an appropriate catalyst may be selected depending on the fuel and composition of fumes; more preferably the catalyst includes a percentage of Palladium in the mixture, especially for diesel fuels.
  • a further inventive feature is the following.
  • Use of swirlers inside heat exchange tubes is known, to improve the overall heat exchange coefficient of a fluid current flowing inside the tubes.
  • Known swirlers have continuous or roughly segmented surfaces or flanges to direct the fluid current, thus driving said current in a fluid pattern having substantially a "corkscrew" shape, following said flanges. Said pattern is however relatively regular and only a thin fluid layer is actually in contact with the surface of the flange.
  • a swirler for a heat exchange tube has a plurality of flanges having passing-through apertures, such as cuts or holes, allowing passage of the fluid current from one side to the other side of the flange.
  • the fluid current is allowed to cross the surfaces of the swirler; this produces more deviation of particle patterns that are led to impact more easily in the flange surface.
  • a first advantage is that the heat exchange coefficient is further increased; in preferred embodiments the swirler is at least partly coated with a catalyst layer, to remove pollutants from the fluid current, e.g. to remove particulate from an exhaust gas current. In this case, a further advantage is that a closer contact is achieved between the fluid current and the catalyst layer thus increasing dramatically the amount of removed particle.
  • the swirler is formed as a twisted ribbon made of metal and covered by alumina or similar supporting substrate, and coated by catalytic coating of pure or noble metal mixtures.
  • said swirler(s) is/are inserted in specific location of the heat exchange tubes, where under normal condition the temperature of the fluid is suitable to promote the effect of the catalyst.
  • swirlers coated with a catalyst adapted to oxidize particulate matter are placed in smoke tubes, preferably where the temperature of the fumes is 300 to 450 °C.
  • a relatively coarse catalytic converter may be provided to remove pollutants
  • a filter such as a centrifugal filter may be adopted downstream the catalytic converter, to remove the particulate.
  • the invention has an important advantage also from the environmental point of view.
  • the particulate is now one of the major concerns with regard to air pollution, particularly in natural gas-fired systems which uses a "clean" fuel” and then cause no or little concerns about other pollutants such as SOx or HC.
  • the health effects of particulate are known to include damage to lungs and arteries, causing risk of heart disease and other problems; hence, the reduction of particulate emissions from domestic heating systems, which is made possible by the invention , is a great advantage.
  • Simple embodiments of the invention with a mechanical particulate filter have the advantage of a low cost, and requ ire maintenance (filter cleaning) about every 6 months or once a year, which is fully acceptable in a domestic heating system.
  • Embodiments using catalytic converters have the advantage of a h igh efficiency in removing the particulate and , moreover, the further advantage that the catalytic reaction increases the temperature of fumes and then gives more heat to be recovered by the downstream heat exchangers.
  • Embodiments with a catalytic converter and a particulate filter combine the advantage of a lower cost for the catalyst, and very efficient removal of pollutants from the fumes.
  • a further advantage of the invention is the ability to recover the latent heat of the fumes, thus providing a high thermal efficiency.
  • a related and remarkable advantage is that by condensing the steam contained in the fumes, the volumetric flow rate is greatly reduced. This is quite important because in some cases, especially in old buildings, the exhaust stack does no longer comply with safety regulations, e.g. in terms of possible leakage of CO, HC, etc... and need to be internally l ined by adding a jacket of a suitable material. Adding the jacket however may be incompatible with the minimum required internal diameter.
  • the volumetric rate of fumes is smaller and then also the minimum applicable internal diameter of the stack is smaller; an existing stack can be l ined with stainless steel tubes, or a new and smaller stainless steel stack can be inserted in an existing old stack.
  • another advantage is that the free space around the new stack will act as a very cheap heat insulator allowing an optimal discharge of exhaust.
  • a further advantage of the invention is the drying of fumes, allowing a better stability in the combustion according to the following explanation.
  • Fumes with water vapours has a greater mass than dry fumes, on the other hand vapour density is less than the average density of the gas contained in the fumes allowing a good evacuation in standard conditions.
  • the vapours contracts its volume lowering the temperature faster than the gases due to local condensation phenomena and in the worse conditions th is could lead to sensible counterpressure in the chimney, heat pipes and thus the combustion chamber leading to a bad combustion producing high quantity of unburnt and particles in the fumes.
  • Fig. 1 is a scheme of a domestic heating system according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a scheme of a domestic heating system according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a temperature - heat diagram of the fumes in a heating system according to Fig. 1 .
  • Fig. 4 is a temperature - heat diagram of the fumes in a heating system according to Fig. 2.
  • F ig . 5 is a cut-out view of a heat exchange tube showing a novel arrangement for a swirler according to a further inventive feature.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the invention .
  • a domestic heating system comprises: a boiler 1 with a combustion chamber C, a heat recovery condensation module 2, radiators 3, hot water delivery and return pipes 4, 5, a duct 6 for directing the hot fumes from the combustion chamber C to the modu le 2, and a flue pipe 7.
  • the heat recovery condensation module 2 has a condensate discharge 8.
  • Hot water for the radiators 3 is delivered for example at around 90 °C to pipe 4, and returns for example at around 60 °C through pipe 5.
  • the return water is pre-heated in the condensation module 2, where the fumes are cooled down to dew point in order to recover also the latent heat.
  • Said condensation module 2 comprises a fume/water heat exchanger 10 and a heat pump 1 1 , composed basically of an evaporator 12, compressor 13, condenser 14 and lamination valve 15.
  • the working fluid of said heat pump 1 1 is a suitable refrigerant, such as R134a or any other suitable fluid or mixture.
  • the boundary of the module 2 is indicated by the dotted line in Fig. 1 .
  • the hot fumes F in the d uct 6 are for exam ple at arou nd 1 50 °C . Circulation of the fumes through the exchanger 10 and evaporator 12 is allowed by a fan 16.
  • the return water in pipe 5 is first pre-heated in the condenser 14, receiving heat from the condensing refrigerant of the heat pump 1 1 .
  • the water may be heated for example from 60 to around 64 °C.
  • the pre-heated water 5a then is further heated by the combustion fumes F in the gas/water heat exchanger 10, exiting as preheated water stream 5b for example around 67 °C. It can be noted that the fumes F, after passing through the gas/water heat exchanger 10, act as the heat source of the evaporator 12.
  • Evaporation of the working fluid of the heat pump 1 1 takes place at a low temperature, for example less than 20 °C; hence the fumes can be cooled down to 35 - 40 °C , thus exploiting also the latent heat of vaporization of the water vapour contained in the fumes F.
  • the undercooling wall could be maintained at very low temperature below the dew point reaching the almost complete drying of fumes the sole limitation being in the mixing phenomena of the fume patterns.
  • the advantages of the module 2 are that a further amount of heat is recovered from the fumes, and that dry fumes F' are discharged to the flue pipe 7.
  • the dry fumes F' have a much smaller volume than fumes F.
  • a catalytic converter 20 is integrated in the heat recovery condensation module 2, upstream the heat exchanger 10 and evaporator 12.
  • the fumes When a catalytic converter is used, the fumes needs to be at a sufficient temperature for the catalytic reaction, typically around 350 °C. To this purpose, the current of fumes F is heated by a gas heater 21 upstream the catalytic converter 20.
  • the gas heater 21 may be realized for example with electric resistances immersed in the gaseous current of fumes, or by induction.
  • the benefit of the converter 20 is that the fouling of the exchanger 10 and evaporator 1 2 is su bstantially reduced and then the nom inal heat exchange coefficient is greater, and smaller and less expensive units can be adopted.
  • the heat input of the gas heater 21 is partially recovered by the downstream heat exchanger 10 and evaporator 12; thanks to this synergistic effect of converter 20 and condensation module 2, the need of a further heat input in order to catalytically remove the particulate, does not compromise the overall efficiency.
  • the catalytic reaction of the particulate in the converter 20 gives a further temperature increase (around 10 °C, for example) of the fumes, to the benefit of the efficiency of the module 2.
  • said catalytic converter 20 may be replaced with a particulate filter; in this case the gas heater 21 is not necessary.
  • Fig. 2 shows another embodiment, where the boiler 1 is a smoke-tube boiler.
  • the hot fumes (around 600 °C) produced in the flame region B of the combustion chamber passes through one or more tube passages, in the example three tube passages 30, 31 and 32, exchanging heat with the hot water.
  • the hot fumes cools along said tube passages (for example from 600 to 150 °C), while the hot water is heated from the temperature of the pre-heated flow 5b to the delivery temperature of flow 5a.
  • suitable catalyst carriers 22 are placed inside the tubes of the boiler 1 , at a suitable location that corresponds to the fume temperature suitable for the catalytic reaction.
  • the catalytic converter is "shifted" to intercept the hot current of fumes, where the fumes are at the right temperature for the catalytic reaction, thus avoiding the need of a gas heater.
  • the catalyst carriers 22 may be part of the heat recovery module 2 , i .e . sa id cata lyst carriers may form part of a revamping/boosting of the boiler 1 , by adding said module 2.
  • the catalytic elements 22 are internal swirlers of the tubes, coated with a h igh-surface alumina layer supporting a suitable catalyst.
  • Fig. 3 shows a temperature-heat diagram of hot fumes F in a system according to Fig. 1 , wherein:
  • the fumes are cooled in the boiler 1 , for example in the various tube passages of the boiler,
  • the fumes at around 150 °C are re-heated to about 350 °C by the heat input of the gas heater 21 , and by the further heat input coming from the oxidation of particulate contained in the fumes, taking place in the converter 20,
  • the fumes releases heat to the heat exchange means of the module 2, namely to the gas/water heat exchanger 10 and to the evaporator 12.
  • the module 2 is able to cool the fumes to a very low temperature (lower than that of return water 5) thanks to the heat pump 1 1 . It is further appreciated from Fig. 3 that the heat input of the gas heater 21 is recovered in an efficient way by the heat exchange in regions (h) and (i).
  • Fig . 4 shows a temperature-heat diagram of hot fumes F in a system according to Fig. 2, wherein:
  • regions (c), (d) and (e) the fumes are cooled in the boiler 1 , for example in the various tube passages of the boiler, and regions (g) indicate the temperature increase in the fumes while passing through the catalytic elements 22 inside the tubes,
  • the fumes releases heat to the gas/water heat exchanger 10 and to the evaporator 12, as above.
  • Fig. 4 allows to appreciate that the fumes pass through the catalyst elements 22 while they are at the temperature of about 350 °C, namely the temperature of maximum efficiency of the catalytic reaction. Fig. 4 further allows to appreciate that the increase in the temperature (regions (g)) gives a positive effects to all the downstream heat exchange equipments.
  • FIG. 5 shows an exempl ificative embod iment for a swirl device or turbulator.
  • a heat exchange tube or pipe 100 comprises an internal swirler 101 .
  • the swirler 101 in the shown embodiment consists of twisted metal strips 102, 103, each metal strip having edges lying on a helix. This shape is shown as an example and other shapes, according to the known art of turbulators for boilers, are possible.
  • the twisted strips 102, 103 are covered by alumina or equivalent high- surface supporting substrate, and said substrate is further coated by a suitable catalyst, preferably pure or noble metal mixtures.
  • a suitable catalyst preferably pure or noble metal mixtures.
  • the surface of the strips 102, 103 has a plurality of cuts 104 allowing the gaseous flow to "cross" the strips from one side to the other. This cross-flow of the gas allows more intimate contact with the catalyst.
  • the tube 100 is a smoke tube of a boiler, such as tubes in passages 30, 31 , 32 of the boiler 1 (Fig. 2) and the catalyst is adapted to oxidize the particulate matter contained in the fumes.
  • An arrangement as in Fig. 5 allows a better removal of said particulate and then more clean fumes are obtained.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention a trait à un système de chauffage domestique qui comprend une chaudière (1) et un module de récupération de chaleur (2) agencé de manière à préchauffer un fluide thermique destiné à la chaudière, en récupérant la chaleur provenant des fumées de combustion, ledit module (2) comprenant au moins un échangeur de chaleur (10, 12) disposé entre lesdites fumées et ledit fluide thermique, le système comprenant un dispositif d'élimination des matières particulaires, conçu pour supprimer les matières particulaires (PM) des fumées, situé en amont du ou des échangeurs de chaleur (10, 12) du module de récupération de chaleur (2).
PCT/IB2010/050532 2010-02-05 2010-02-05 Améliorations apportées à la récupération de chaleur dans un système de chauffage domestique WO2011095845A1 (fr)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3467419A1 (fr) * 2017-10-09 2019-04-10 Bosch Termoteknik Isitma ve Klima Sanayi Ticaret Anonim Sirketi Source thermale combinée garantissant la récupération de la chaleur
CN112556175A (zh) * 2018-04-03 2021-03-26 杨琼 一种节能环保且利用效率高的供暖锅炉

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US4911108A (en) * 1988-03-21 1990-03-27 A. O. Smith Corporation Water heater construction
WO2006067820A1 (fr) * 2004-12-20 2006-06-29 Stefano Bandini Module de condensation de chaudiere
EP1906090A2 (fr) * 2006-09-26 2008-04-02 Robert Bosch GmbH Installation de nettoyage des gaz d'échappement dotée d'un filtre à poussière fine pour installations de chauffage à biomasse

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DE2056825A1 (de) * 1970-11-19 1972-05-31 Hergt M Kombinationsverfahren zur Reinhaltung der Luft, Abgasverwertung und Abgasführung, insbesondere für Ölheizungsanlagen
GB2057908A (en) * 1979-09-06 1981-04-08 Ici Ltd Fluid-solid contact
US4702226A (en) * 1986-08-08 1987-10-27 Shelley Delwyn J Hot water tank water preheater
US4911108A (en) * 1988-03-21 1990-03-27 A. O. Smith Corporation Water heater construction
WO2006067820A1 (fr) * 2004-12-20 2006-06-29 Stefano Bandini Module de condensation de chaudiere
EP1906090A2 (fr) * 2006-09-26 2008-04-02 Robert Bosch GmbH Installation de nettoyage des gaz d'échappement dotée d'un filtre à poussière fine pour installations de chauffage à biomasse

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3467419A1 (fr) * 2017-10-09 2019-04-10 Bosch Termoteknik Isitma ve Klima Sanayi Ticaret Anonim Sirketi Source thermale combinée garantissant la récupération de la chaleur
CN112556175A (zh) * 2018-04-03 2021-03-26 杨琼 一种节能环保且利用效率高的供暖锅炉
CN112556175B (zh) * 2018-04-03 2022-04-08 山东北辰机电设备股份有限公司 一种节能环保且利用效率高的供暖锅炉的工作方法

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