WO2011095090A1 - 纵向轨枕和减振轨道系统 - Google Patents

纵向轨枕和减振轨道系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011095090A1
WO2011095090A1 PCT/CN2011/070565 CN2011070565W WO2011095090A1 WO 2011095090 A1 WO2011095090 A1 WO 2011095090A1 CN 2011070565 W CN2011070565 W CN 2011070565W WO 2011095090 A1 WO2011095090 A1 WO 2011095090A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
longitudinal
prestressed concrete
concrete
longitudinal beam
pair
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/070565
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
齐琳
曾京
Original Assignee
青岛年信环保科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 青岛年信环保科技有限公司 filed Critical 青岛年信环保科技有限公司
Priority to US13/519,648 priority Critical patent/US8727229B2/en
Priority to BR112012018355A priority patent/BR112012018355A2/pt
Priority to EP11739369.4A priority patent/EP2503057B1/en
Priority to AU2011213373A priority patent/AU2011213373B2/en
Publication of WO2011095090A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011095090A1/zh
Priority to ZA2012/03958A priority patent/ZA201203958B/en

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01BPERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B3/00Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails
    • E01B3/28Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails made from concrete or from natural or artificial stone
    • E01B3/38Longitudinal sleepers; Longitudinal sleepers integral or combined with tie-rods; Combined longitudinal and transverse sleepers; Layers of concrete supporting both rails
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01BPERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B1/00Ballastway; Other means for supporting the sleepers or the track; Drainage of the ballastway
    • E01B1/002Ballastless track, e.g. concrete slab trackway, or with asphalt layers
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01BPERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B19/00Protection of permanent way against development of dust or against the effect of wind, sun, frost, or corrosion; Means to reduce development of noise
    • E01B19/003Means for reducing the development or propagation of noise

Definitions

  • the invention generally relates to the field of railways. More specifically, the present invention relates to a longitudinal sleeper. In addition, the invention also relates to a vibration damping track system comprising the longitudinal sleeper. Background technique
  • Railway tracks generally include track beds (with or without trampoons), sleepers and rails.
  • the track bed is formed on a roadbed or bridge, the sleepers are laid on the track bed, and the rails are mounted on the sleepers.
  • the earliest material of the sleeper is wood, so it is also called sleeper.
  • the wood has good elasticity and insulation, is less affected by temperature changes of the surrounding medium, is light in weight, is easy to process and replace, and has sufficient displacement resistance.
  • the transverse sleepers are laid discretely on the track bed and are therefore not conducive to the distribution of loads from the rails.
  • the impact load of the sleeper is very large, which is easy to damage the track bed below, for example, causing the ballast to be crushed and moved out, which will cause the rail to deform after prolonged use.
  • the running train vibrates and oscillates, seriously affecting the operation of the train Stability and ride comfort. Conversely, due to train vibration and swing, it will accelerate the deterioration of railway conditions.
  • railway track is deformed (mainly refers to the deformation of the rail), or the concrete sleeper is cracked, etc., it takes a lot of manpower and material resources to correct the deformation part of the track, or repair the cracked part of the concrete sleeper. In addition, it is often necessary to maintain the shredded or removed ballasts.
  • a longitudinal sleeper also referred to as “trapezoidal sleeper” or “ladder sleeper” in some literature
  • a longitudinal sleeper also referred to as “trapezoidal sleeper” or “ladder sleeper” in some literature
  • CN1135279C discloses a typical longitudinal sleeper (or trapezoidal sleeper) comprising a pair of longitudinal beams made of prestressed concrete, two rails being longitudinally disposed on the pair of longitudinal beams, respectively; A plurality of steel pipes of the pieces, which are disposed at intervals in the longitudinal direction of the rail for connecting the pair of longitudinal beams and maintaining the gauge. Pre-stretched steel bars are placed in the longitudinal beams to strengthen the strength of the prestressed concrete longitudinal beams to prevent cracking. Both ends of the steel pipe are respectively embedded in a pair of longitudinal beams and intersect with the reinforcing bars in the longitudinal beams.
  • a plurality of fasteners are pre-embedded in the prestressed concrete longitudinal beams so that the rails can be mounted to the sleepers by the interconnection between the fasteners and the fasteners.
  • ribs are provided at both ends of the connecting member (i.e., the steel pipe) to radially extend and transmit the torque of the connecting member to the concrete. These ribs are also provided with small ribs on the upper and lower surfaces to transfer lateral forces from the joint to the concrete.
  • the longitudinal sleepers of the above type since the longitudinal beams are continuously arranged along the longitudinal direction of the rail, the distribution of the train load is remarkably improved, the rail deformation can be effectively prevented, and the maintenance cost of the railway is greatly saved.
  • CN1167183A also relates to a longitudinal sleeper, which mainly improves the connection end of the steel pipe and the longitudinal beam, and is made flat, so that it can be realized by a simple structure (that is, without ribs, etc.) Anti-rotation and anti-drawing of steel pipes. In addition, it is also possible to fill the inside of the steel pipe to increase its bending strength.
  • longitudinal sleepers have many advantages over conventional lateral sleepers.
  • existing longitudinal sleepers still have some shortcomings. For example, connecting a pair of longitudinal beams through steel pipes may have problems interfering with train electrical signals.
  • steel pipes are exposed to the external environment for a long time. There will be problems with the surface protection paint falling off and being corroded.
  • some protective measures need to be added during transportation and construction, which will increase the difficulty of transportation and construction, and increase the maintenance management workload and cost. Therefore, there is a need to improve existing longitudinal sleepers. Summary of the invention
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an improved longitudinal sleeper which at least solves the problem that a steel pipe as a connecting member in an existing longitudinal sleeper can interfere with an electrical signal and can be corroded under long-term exposure to an external environment.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a vibration damping rail system including the above-described longitudinal sleeper.
  • a longitudinal sleeper comprising a pair of prestressed concrete longitudinal beams respectively disposed below a rail in a longitudinal direction of a rail, the longitudinal sleeper further comprising a concrete joint is provided a panel, the concrete web being laterally connected between the pair of prestressed concrete longitudinal beams.
  • the concrete connecting plate is used between the prestressed concrete longitudinal beams instead of the existing steel pipe as the connecting member, the problem that the steel pipe interferes with the electric signal and is exposed to the external environment for a long time is completely solved.
  • the pair of prestressed concrete longitudinal beams and the concrete connecting plate can be integrally cast, for example, integrated casting in a factory, so that the processing and manufacturing are convenient, the production efficiency is high, and the construction is favorable.
  • the connection between the steel pipe and the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam must be considered when manufacturing the longitudinal sleeper, and the prevention of the steel pipe between the longitudinal beams of the prestressed concrete must also be considered. Turn and prevent turbulence problems.
  • the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam and the concrete connecting plate are cast together, it is no longer necessary to consider various problems related to the connection between the two, and the obtained longitudinal sleeper has a simple structure and convenient processing. Effectively reduce manufacturing costs.
  • a plurality of concrete webs can be arranged spaced along the length of the prestressed concrete longitudinal beams.
  • three concrete connecting plates can be arranged between a pair of prestressed concrete longitudinal beams to improve the structural stability and reliability of the longitudinal sleepers.
  • one or two concrete connecting plates may be arranged between the prestressed concrete longitudinal beams, or more than three concrete connecting plates may be arranged, which is not limited in the present invention.
  • the longitudinal sleeper as a whole can be centered along its length
  • the lines are symmetrically arranged to ensure that they are balanced by force and improve their structural stability and reliability.
  • the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam may be provided with a pre-embedded sleeve extending downward from the upper surface thereof, and continuing downward from the bottom of the pre-embedded casing to the prestressed concrete Through holes outside the longitudinal beam.
  • the pre-embedded sleeve is placed in the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam, and the pre-embedded sleeve is used to fix the fastener, and the rail can be mounted on the longitudinal beam to Form a track.
  • the temperature stress is greatly affected when used in a region with higher or lower temperature, which will cause cracking of the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam. Damage, this problem is particularly prominent in areas with large temperature differences.
  • the maximum temperature of the orbit can reach 62 °C, and the lowest temperature can reach minus 22 °C.
  • the longitudinal sleeper In such a large temperature difference area, it will bring hidden danger to the longitudinal sleeper, thereby increasing the maintenance cost of the track.
  • external impurities, accumulated water, etc. will accumulate in the pre-embedded casing. Since these impurities and accumulated water occupy the space for releasing the thermal expansion stress required for the material properties in the casing, it will be added.
  • the stress of the longitudinal beam of the large prestressed concrete causes the sleeper to crack.
  • the bottom of the pre-embedded casing communicates with the outside of the longitudinal beam to release the stress, so that the above-mentioned cracking damage phenomenon can be avoided.
  • impurities and accumulated water in the embedded casing can flow out from the through hole to the outside of the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam, thereby avoiding accumulation of impurities and accumulated water in the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam, and effectively avoiding the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam. Cracking occurred.
  • the present invention does not limit the form, the number, and the like of the through hole, as long as it can meet the object of the present invention, that is, the stress in the longitudinal beam of the prestressed concrete can be released, and the impurities and accumulated water in the pre-embedded casing can be extracted to the prestress.
  • the through hole may extend vertically downward from the pre-embedded casing to the lower surface of the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam, so that impurities and accumulated water entering the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam through the pre-embedded casing may pass It is easily discharged through the through hole by its own gravity.
  • the through hole may extend obliquely downward from the lower portion of the pre-embedded sleeve to the side surface of the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam, so that impurities in the pre-embedded casing may be led out to the side of the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam.
  • the through hole may extend obliquely downward from the lower portion of the pre-embedded sleeve to the side surface of the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam, so that impurities in the pre-embedded casing may be led out to the side of the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam.
  • the through hole may extend obliquely downward from the lower portion of the pre-embedded sleeve to the side surface of the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam, so that impurities in the pre-embedded casing may be led out to the side of the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam.
  • a pair of prestressed concrete longitudinal beams or the outside of a longitudinal sleeper.
  • the diameter of the through hole may be gradually enlarged outward, which is advantageous for the manufacture of the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam, that is, the through hole is formed in the sleeper infusion process. The core is easily pulled out of the through hole.
  • the outlet of the through hole extending to the outside of the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam is not blocked at all.
  • the position of the outlet can be spaced a distance from the track bed or the support, as the longitudinal sleeper is a floating sleeper that can be easily implemented.
  • it can be achieved by providing a damping material pad or a vibration damping device on both sides of the opening position; or opening a corresponding hole in the damping material pad without substantially affecting the performance of the damping material pad.
  • the corners of the connection between the two sides of the concrete connecting plate and the longitudinal beam of the prestressed concrete may be rounded, that is, The rounded corner transition prevents collisions from occurring at the corners of the joint due to stress concentration.
  • At least one pair of reinforcing bars may be symmetrically arranged along the sides of the center line in the concrete connecting plate, the two ends of which extend into the prestressed concrete longitudinal beams and relative to the The centerline is bent outward and extends a certain length.
  • the tensile strength of the reinforcing steel bars can be improved by bending the ends of the reinforcing steel bars outward.
  • connecting steel bars can be arranged in the longitudinal beams of the prestressed concrete for connecting a pair of reinforcing steel bars, so that the tensile strength of the reinforcing steel bars can be further improved.
  • stress relief cracks can be pre-formed in the production process to guide and release stress in the vicinity of the joint of the pair of prestressed concrete longitudinal beams with the concrete connecting plate (such as the connecting corner), thereby It can prevent the occurrence of cracks that cannot be repaired and inconveniently repaired, and control the occurrence of cracks.
  • the stress relief crack may be formed on the prestress The upper and/or lower surface of the longitudinal beam of concrete, but not cracked to the extent that the longitudinal sleeper is damaged, that is, it does not substantially affect the quality of the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam, and does not adversely affect the rail on the longitudinal beam. influences.
  • the stress relief crack is preferably formed on the lower surface of the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam because it does not directly contact the rail.
  • the above stress release crack can be formed in various ways.
  • a plurality of structural reinforcements can be arranged within the concrete web.
  • at least one pair of structural reinforcing bars may be arranged in the concrete connecting panel so as to be symmetrically arranged along both sides of the center line of the concrete connecting plate. Both ends of the structural steel bar may extend to the vicinity of the boundary between the concrete connecting plate and the longitudinal beam of the concrete, thereby forming a stress in a region near the both ends.
  • At least one pair of post-tensioned bars can be symmetrically arranged along the sides of the centerline of the concrete web, the ends of which extend to the outer sides of a pair of prestressed concrete longitudinal beams, respectively.
  • the post tensioned steel bars are arranged to prevent the stress release cracks formed on the longitudinal beams of the prestressed concrete from continuing to crack, that is, the stress release cracks are controlled by the post tensile stress. , keep it closed.
  • the post-tensioned steel bar is tensioned to maintain the stress relief crack in a closed state without further cracking.
  • the cracking portion can be effectively controlled, the cracking at the unfavorable portion can be avoided, the stress generated during the manufacturing process can be released, and on the other hand, the friction, uneven support, etc. can be generated during use.
  • the stress is released in time, and the effect of the post-tensioned steel bar can be restored to the un-cracked state, thereby effectively preventing the cracking of the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam, prolonging the service life of the track and improving the driving safety.
  • the post-tensioned reinforcing bar is preferably located inside the structural reinforcing bar.
  • At least one pair of anti-cracking may be symmetrically arranged on both sides of the center line of the concrete connecting plate at the inner side of the connecting corner.
  • Auxiliary reinforcement which is arranged obliquely with respect to the centerline.
  • the angle between the at least one pair of anti-cracking auxiliary reinforcing bars and the center line may be 30 degrees to 60 degrees.
  • the present invention also provides a vibration damping rail system, the vibration damping
  • the track system includes the longitudinal sleepers of the present invention and thus has at least the many advantages brought about by the longitudinal sleepers of the present invention.
  • the vibration-damping rail system of the present invention comprises a rail according to any of the above-described longitudinal sleepers, and rails respectively mounted on the prestressed concrete longitudinal beams in the longitudinal sleepers in the longitudinal direction.
  • the length direction referred to herein means the length direction of the vibration-damping rail system, and is also the longitudinal direction of the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam and the rail, since the sleeper of the present invention belongs to the "longitudinal sleeper".
  • the rail can be mounted to the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam by engagement of a fastener and a pre-embedded sleeve within the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam.
  • the damper rail system of the present invention may comprise a support, the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam being mounted on a support, the support may be, for example, an L-shaped concrete support, a cast iron support, etc. .
  • the holder may be formed in an L shape having a bottom portion and a side portion, that is, an L-shaped holder.
  • the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam is seated on the bottom of the support and the side of the sleeper abuts the side of the support.
  • the L-shaped concrete support not only the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam can be supported, but also the limit or anti-climbing effect of the longitudinal sleeper or the vibration-damping track system.
  • a damping material pad or a damping device may be arranged between the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam and the bottom of the support, in the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam and the support
  • a cushioning material pad is arranged between the side portions to obtain vibration damping and cushioning effects, reduce the vibration transmitted by the rail system to the structure, and at the same time exert the dispersion effect of the longitudinal sleeper on the impact load, improve the ride comfort of the train and extend the use of the track. life.
  • the cushioning material pad and the cushioning material pad may be made of a variety of elastic materials such as rubber, spring, plastic, and the like.
  • the vibration damping device can employ a variety of suitable vibration damping devices in the prior art.
  • the inner side of the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam is spaced apart from the support pier, the buttress abutting against the concrete web.
  • the longitudinal limit of the longitudinal sleeper i.e., anti-climbing
  • There is a gap between the buttress and the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam which can also be separated by a cushioning material to prevent vibrations on the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam from being transmitted to the pier.
  • the damping track system can be conveniently laid in areas where the outer space is limited, such as tunnels, bridges, and the like.
  • the buttress can be cast in place.
  • a cushioning material pad may also be disposed between the concrete connecting plate and the buttress, and the cushioning material pad may be made of an elastic material.
  • the longitudinal sleeper and vibration damping rail system of the present invention mainly includes but is not limited to The following advantages:
  • the concrete connecting plate can be cast together with the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam, it has the advantages of simple structure, convenient processing and high production efficiency;
  • the vibration damping rail system of the invention can realize the vibration damping function and improve the running stability of the train and Ride comfort while reducing damage to sleepers and track beds due to train impact energy;
  • the stress release problem of the concrete longitudinal beam can be solved.
  • the stress-releasing crack can be kept in a closed state, which can eliminate the adverse effects caused by the stress-releasing crack and prevent cracks in the later use, thereby effectively extending the use of the longitudinal sleeper and the vibration-damping rail system. Life, reduce maintenance costs;
  • the longitudinal limit of the longitudinal sleepers that is, the anti-climbing function, can be provided, and the longitudinal sleepers can be laid in the restricted area of the outer space.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a longitudinal sleeper in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a plan view of a longitudinal sleeper according to this embodiment.
  • Fig. 3 is a side view of the longitudinal sleeper according to this embodiment.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 2;
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of Figure 2.
  • FIG. 6 through 9 are schematic plan views of a longitudinal sleeper according to other embodiments of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a plan view of a vibration damping rail system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG 11 is a side elevational view of the vibration damping track system of Figure 10. detailed description
  • a longitudinal sleeper according to various embodiments of the present invention includes a pair of prestressed concrete longitudinal beams 1 respectively disposed under the rails in the longitudinal direction of the rails, the longitudinal sleepers further including a concrete connecting plate 2, The concrete web 2 is laterally connected between the pair of prestressed concrete longitudinal beams 1.
  • Reference numeral 6 in Fig. 2 denotes a lifting hole for lifting and lowering a longitudinal sleeper by means of a lifting machine or the like for installation and laying, maintenance and repair, and construction auxiliary bracket mounting.
  • a pair of prestressed concrete longitudinal beams 1 can be laid on a ballasted or untracked bed where rails can be installed.
  • the concrete web 2 is joined between a pair of prestressed concrete longitudinal beams 1 for maintaining a stable structure of the longitudinal sleepers and maintaining a gauge between the pair of longitudinal beams 1.
  • the height and thickness of the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam 1 are approximately the same as the height and thickness of the concrete web 2.
  • the width of the concrete connecting plate 2 can be designed according to the load and rigidity requirements, and is usually 2/5 to 3/5 of the width of the single longitudinal beam 1, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the longitudinal sleepers are preferably arranged symmetrically along the centerline of their longitudinal direction as a whole.
  • the concrete connecting plate 2 is used between the prestressed concrete longitudinal beams 1 Instead of the existing steel pipe as a connecting piece, the problem that the steel pipe interferes with electrical signals and is corroded by long-term exposure to the external environment is completely solved.
  • the pair of prestressed concrete longitudinal beams 1 and the concrete connecting plate 2 can be integrally cast, for example, integrally poured in a factory, so that the processing and manufacturing are convenient, the production efficiency is high, and the construction is favorable.
  • the connection between the steel pipe and the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam must be considered when manufacturing the longitudinal sleeper.
  • the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam 1 and the concrete connecting plate 2 are cast together, it is no longer necessary to consider various problems related to the connection between the two, and the obtained longitudinal sleeper has a simple structure and convenient processing. , effectively reducing manufacturing costs.
  • Prestressed concrete longitudinal beams 1 and concrete connecting plates 2 are arranged with a plurality of pre-stretched steel bars to improve the strength and rigidity of the obtained longitudinal sleepers.
  • the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam 1 it is basically possible to adopt a structure similar to the longitudinal beam in the existing "trapezoidal sleeper" or "longitudinal sleeper", in which a plurality of pre-stretched steel bars can be arranged.
  • a plurality of pre-stretched reinforcing bars may be arranged therein to reinforce the strength and rigidity of the concrete connecting plate 2, which will be described in detail later.
  • pre-embedded bushings are usually provided in the prestressed concrete longitudinal beams to be connected to the pre-embedded casing by fasteners, and the rails can be mounted to the longitudinal sleepers to complete the laying of the rails.
  • the coefficient of linear expansion will have a large difference.
  • the conventional longitudinal sleeper when the relative space between the lower part of the anchor bolt of the fixed fastener and the lower part of the pre-embedded sleeve is small (for example, when there is water accumulation), the degree of thermal expansion and contraction is different, and a large difference occurs between the two.
  • the stress will damage the bottom of the pre-embedded casing and transfer the force into the longitudinal beam of the prestressed concrete.
  • the longitudinal beam will be cracked and damaged, which is potentially destructive to the longitudinal sleeper. Therefore, especially in areas with large temperature differences, especially during construction, or during later use, external impurities, rainwater, etc. can easily enter the embedded casing. Under the influence of temperature difference, these substances will lead to Stress is generated in the longitudinal beam of the stress concrete, which causes the longitudinal beam to crack and is damaged.
  • an opening is formed at the lower end of the pre-embedded sleeve 5 to communicate with the through hole 7 in the longitudinal beam, and the through hole 7 will
  • the opening in the lower portion of the pre-embedded casing 5 is connected to the underside of the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam 1.
  • the through hole 7 can also pass to the side of the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam 1.
  • the lower portion is opened
  • the pre-embedded sleeve 5 of the mouth communicates with the outside, so that stress generated in the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam 1 can be released through the through hole 7 to avoid cracking damage.
  • impurities, accumulated water, and the like in the pre-embedded sleeve 5 having the lower opening can flow out from the through hole 7 to the outside of the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam 1, thereby avoiding accumulation of impurities and in the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam 1 and
  • the accumulated water can effectively avoid the cracking of the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam 1 under the influence of temperature, especially under the influence of low temperature.
  • the diameter of the through hole 7 can be gradually enlarged outward, which facilitates the manufacture of the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam 1, that is, in the manufacturing process, for forming the through
  • the core of the hole 7 is easily pulled out of the through hole 7.
  • the through hole 7 has a draft angle to facilitate its manufacture.
  • the outlet of the through hole 7 extending to the outside of the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam 1 is preferably free from any hindrance.
  • Figure 6 is a top plan view of a longitudinal sleeper in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention. Especially in the case of a ballastless bed, in order to solve the above stress concentration, the longitudinal beam cracking is damaged. As shown in Fig. 6, according to an embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to be in the longitudinal direction of the concrete connecting plate 2 and the prestressed concrete. A fillet 9 is formed at the corner of the joint between the beams 1. In addition, it is also possible to make corresponding adjustments on the ribs of the connecting plates, such as adding anti-cracking auxiliary reinforcing bars 15, thereby solving the cracking problem caused by the stress concentration at the connecting corners.
  • Figure 7 is a plan view of a longitudinal sleeper in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • at least one pair of reinforcing bars 14 may be disposed along the center line X of the concrete connecting plate 2, and both ends of the reinforcing bar 14 extend into the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam 1 respectively, and It is outwardly curved with respect to the center line X (i.e., both ends of a pair of reinforcing bars 14 are bent toward each other along the longitudinal direction of the longitudinal beam).
  • the reinforcing ends of the reinforcing bars 14 are oriented After the outer bending, it is also possible to bend toward each other again, or to bend back again after bending toward each other, which can be designed according to the specific situation, which is not limited in the present invention. Further, as an example, for the reinforcing steel bar 14, a spiral ribbed steel bar having a diameter of 51 cm may be used.
  • the use of relatively large diameter steel bars can effectively improve the strength and rigidity of the concrete connecting plate 2, and at the same time reduce the size of the concrete connecting plate.
  • the outer surface of the steel bar is formed with spiral ribs, which can improve the pull-out resistance of the steel bar, and the reinforcing steel bar 14 and the concrete connecting plate 2 and the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam 1 are more firmly combined.
  • the longitudinal sleeper obtained by this embodiment effectively solves the problem of stress concentration on the concrete member, and solves the problem that the joint member should have the requirements of the longitudinal sleeper which is always difficult to solve by using the concrete connecting plate instead of the steel pipe. Reasonable strength and stiffness issues. Therefore, the longitudinal sleeper can satisfy the use of a high-speed railway without a ballast bed, for example, a vehicle speed of more than 300 km/h, or even a higher speed.
  • Figure 8 is a plan view of a longitudinal sleeper in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 8, this embodiment differs from the embodiment of Fig. 7 in that a connecting reinforcing bar 13 is added to the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam 1. Specifically, in the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam 1 outside the two ends of each concrete connecting plate 2, the connecting steel bars 13 and at least one pair (for example, two) reinforcing steel bars extending from the same concrete connecting plate 2 are connected. The 14 joints, preferably welded, can further increase the tensile strength of the reinforcing bars 14.
  • Figure 9 is a plan view of a longitudinal sleeper in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • stress concentration is likely to occur at the joint corner of the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam 1 and the concrete connecting plate 2, resulting in damage to the longitudinal beam 1 crack.
  • frictional stresses are generated on the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam 1 and uneven forces due to uneven support. If the generated stress is not guided release and control, the cracking of the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam 1 will be aggravated, which will seriously affect the service life and safety of the track.
  • the stress release crack 11 may be formed in advance on the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam 1 near the corner of the joint of the concrete connecting plate 2, on the one hand, the stress generated during the manufacturing process may be released, and on the other hand, The fatigue stress generated during the use process is released in time, so that the cracking phenomenon of the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam can be effectively avoided, the service life of the track is prolonged and the driving safety is improved.
  • the stress relief crack 11 described above can be formed in various ways.
  • at least one pair of structural reinforcing bars 16 may be symmetrically disposed in the concrete connecting plate 2 on both sides of the center line X of the concrete connecting plate 2.
  • Two pairs of structural reinforcing bars 16 are provided, one of which is disposed at an upper portion of the connecting plate 2, and the other pair is disposed at a lower portion of the connecting plate 2.
  • a pair of structural reinforcing bars 16 may be provided in a concrete connecting plate 2, or more than two pairs of structural reinforcing bars 16 may be provided, which is not limited in the present invention.
  • each structural reinforcing member 16 extends to the vicinity of the end of the concrete connecting plate 2, i.e., near the edge of a pair of prestressed concrete longitudinal beams 1, so that stress concentration will occur there.
  • stress concentration is also present at the joint corner of the concrete connecting plate 2 and the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam 1, a stress relief crack 11 extending between the two positions can be formed to release the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam 1 Stress.
  • At least one pair of post tension members 8 may be extended in the concrete connecting plate and the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam.
  • two rear tension bars 8 are symmetrically arranged along the center line X on both sides of the concrete web 2 to achieve uniform loading.
  • the tension of the tensioned steel bar 8 is adjusted by the screw to be greater than the stress of the stress release crack 11, so that the stress release crack 11 can be kept in a closed state, that is, the stress is prevented.
  • the crack 11 is released and cracked.
  • the strength of the rear tension bar 8 is generally determined by the load and the stiffness of the web 2, and a prestressed steel bar having a diameter of 13 cm is usually used. The specific structure of the rear tension bar 8 and its arrangement are known to those skilled in the art, and the present invention will not be described again.
  • the stress relief crack 11 may be formed on the upper and/or lower surface of the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam 1, preferably on the lower surface, since it is not in contact with the rail.
  • the rear tension reinforcing bars 8 are preferably disposed inside the structural reinforcing bars 16, so that the stress releasing cracks 11 can be effectively prevented from being cracked and kept in a closed state.
  • the inner side of the joint of the concrete connecting plate 2 and the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam 1 may be along the center line X of the concrete connecting plate 2
  • At least one pair of anti-cracking auxiliary reinforcing bars 15 are symmetrically arranged on both sides, which are arranged obliquely with respect to the center line X, whereby cracking at the connecting corners can be prevented.
  • the angle between the anti-cracking auxiliary steel bar 15 and the center line X may be 30 degrees to 60 degrees, but The invention does not limit this.
  • the invention also provides a vibration damping track system employing the longitudinal sleeper of the present invention.
  • a vibration damping rail system of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to Figs. 10 and 11.
  • Figure 10 is a plan view of a vibration damping rail system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a side elevational view of the damping track system of Figure 10.
  • the damper rail system of the present invention includes longitudinal sleepers, and rails 20 mounted on a pair of prestressed concrete longitudinal beams 1 in the longitudinal sleepers along the length of the longitudinal sleepers, respectively.
  • the length direction referred to herein means the longitudinal direction of the vibration-damping rail system, and is also the longitudinal direction of the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam and the rail, since the sleeper of the present invention belongs to the "longitudinal sleeper".
  • the rail 20 can be mounted to the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam 1 by fasteners 21 by the engagement of the fastener 21 and the pre-embedded sleeve 5 in the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam 1.
  • the damper rail system of the present invention may include an L-shaped concrete support 30 having a bottom portion 31 and side portions 32, i.e., the bottom portion 31 and the side portions 32 of the pedestal 30 are integrally formed in an L shape.
  • the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam 1 sits on the bottom 31 of the support 30 and abuts against the side 32 of the support 30.
  • the L-shaped concrete support 30 not only supports the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam 1, but also acts as a lateral limit for the longitudinal sleeper or damping track system.
  • the L-shaped concrete support 30 is merely an embodiment of use of the longitudinal sleeper of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and for example, a cast iron support or the like can also be used.
  • a damping material pad 3 may be arranged between the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam 1 and the bottom of the support 30, on the side of the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam 1 and the support
  • a cushioning material pad 4 is arranged between 32 to obtain a vibration damping and cushioning effect, to reduce the impact of the track vibration on the structure, reduce the vibration of the structure, and prolong the service life of the structure.
  • the damping material pad and the cushion material pad can reduce the stress.
  • the damping material pad 3 and the cushion material pad 4 It can be made from a variety of elastic materials such as rubber, plastic, springs, and the like. Further, in the present invention, other vibration damping means may be used instead of the above-described vibration damping material and/or cushioning material.
  • the damping device typically comprises at least two plates and a spring located between the plates, the construction of which is known to those skilled in the art and will not be described again.
  • the inner side of the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam 1 can be spaced apart from the support pier 12, the buttress 12 abutting against the concrete web 2.
  • the buttress 12 is independently formed on the inner side of the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam 1 and spaced apart from the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam 1 (the spacer 4 may be filled with the cushion 4 or directly reserved)
  • the vibration on the prestressed concrete longitudinal beam 1 is prevented from being transmitted directly to the buttress 12.
  • the buttress 12 abuts against the concrete connecting plate 2 to realize the anti-climbing function of the longitudinal sleeper during train travel.
  • the vibration-damping rail system can be conveniently laid in a restricted area of the outer space, such as a tunnel, a bridge, or the like.
  • the buttress 12 can be formed in situ, and the fixing between the buttress 12 and the ground can be achieved, for example, by reserving steel or post-grown steel.
  • a cushioning material pad can also be arranged between the concrete web and the buttress, the cushioning material pad preferably being made of an elastic material.
  • vibration-damping rail system of the present invention has been described in detail above by various embodiments which can in principle employ the various longitudinal sleepers of the present invention.
  • the longitudinal sleeper and the vibration damping rail system of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and various embodiments, but the invention is not limited to these specific embodiments, and the embodiments may be Such a feasible combination is adopted, and the present invention does not impose any limitation.
  • the buttress 12 as shown in Fig. 10 can be applied to various longitudinal sleepers of the present invention, such as the longitudinal sleeper shown in Fig. 1, or any of the longitudinal sleepers shown in Figs. 6 to 9. All such possible combinations are to be understood as part of the disclosure of the present invention, and are also within the scope of the present invention.

Description

纵向轨枕和减振轨道系统
技术领域
本发明通常涉及铁路领域。 更具体地, 本发明涉及一种纵向轨枕。 另 外, 本发明还涉及一种包括该纵向轨枕的减振轨道系统。 背景技术
铁路轨道一般包括道床(有碴道床或无碴道床)、 轨枕和钢轨。 道床形 成于路基或桥梁上, 轨枕铺设在道床上, 钢轨则安装在轨枕上。
轨枕的材料最早的是木材, 所以也称之为枕木。 木材的弹性和绝缘性 较好, 受周围介质的温度变化影响小, 重量轻, 加工和更换简便, 并且有 足够的位移阻力。 经过防腐处理的木枕, 使用寿命也大大延长, 在 15年左 右。 所以, 世界上 90%的铁路都使用木枕。 据统计, 在木枕使用高峰期, 全世界大约铺设了 30多亿根, 且大多数是松木。
随着森林资源的减少和人们环保意识的增强, 当然也因为科学技术的 发展, 上世纪初, 有些国家开始生产钢枕和钢筋混凝土轨枕, 以代替枕木。 然而, 因为钢枕的金属消耗量过大, 造价不菲, 体积也笨重, 没有推广开 来, 只有德国等少数国家还在使用。 而许多国家从上世纪 50年代起, 开始 普遍生产钢筋混凝土轨枕。 钢筋混凝土轨枕使用寿命长, 稳定性高, 养护 工作量小, 损伤率和报废率比木枕要低得多。 在无缝线路 (用焊接长轨条 铺设的轨道, 因为长轨条没有轨缝而得名)上, 钢筋混凝土轨枕比木枕的 稳定性平均提高 15~20%, 因此,尤其适用于高速客运线,如日本的新干线、 中国的高速客运专线、 俄罗斯的高速干线等。
但无论是何种材料的轨枕, 目前大多数铁路采用的还是横向轨枕, 即 轨枕是沿着铁路或钢轨的横向方向铺设。 这种横向轨枕存在诸多缺点与不 足。
横向轨枕是离散地铺设在道床上, 因此不利于对来自钢轨的载荷的分 布。 当列车通过时, 受到冲击轮重的影响, 轨枕所受的冲击载荷很大, 容 易对下面的道床产生破坏, 例如导致道碴粉碎、 外移等, 从而长时间使用 后会导致钢轨变形, 使行驶的列车发生振动和摆动, 严重影响列车的运行 稳定性和乘坐舒适性。 反过来, 由于列车振动和摆动, 又会加速铁路状况 的恶化。
铁路的养护工作是费时费力的。 若铁路轨道发生变形 (主要是指钢轨 变形), 或者混凝土轨枕发生开裂等, 则需要耗费大量的人力物力对轨道的 变形部位进行校正, 或者对混凝土轨枕的开裂部位进行修复。 另外, 还需 要经常对粉碎或者外移的道碴进行养护。
最近, 为了克服传统的横向轨枕所存在的诸多缺陷和不足, 已经提出 了一种纵向轨枕(在一些文献中也称之为"梯形轨枕"或者"梯架式轨枕"), 该纵向轨枕包括沿铁路轨道的纵向铺设的两条并行的预应力混凝土纵向 梁, 以及连接在两条纵向梁之间的钢管。
作为一种例子, CN1135279C 公开了一种典型的纵向轨枕 (或梯形轨 枕), 其包括一对由预应力混凝土制成的纵向梁, 两条钢轨分别纵向设置在 这一对纵向梁上; 作为连接件的多个钢管, 这些钢管沿钢轨的纵向以一定 间隔设置, 用于连接所述一对纵向梁并保持轨距。 在纵向梁内具有预拉伸 钢筋, 以加强预应力混凝土纵向梁的强度, 防止其开裂。 钢管的两端分别 预埋在一对纵向梁内, 并且与纵向梁内的钢筋交叉。 在预应力混凝土纵向 梁内预埋有多个紧固件 (通常为套管), 以便钢轨能够通过扣件和紧固件之 间的相互连接而安装到轨枕上。 为了防止钢管在预应力混凝土纵向梁之间 转动或者窜动, 在连接件 (即钢管) 的两端设有径向伸出并将连接件的扭 力传给混凝土的肋条。 这些肋条在上下表面上还设有小肋条以将横向力从 连接件传到混凝土。
在上述类型的纵向轨枕中, 由于纵向梁沿钢轨纵向连续布置, 所以显 著改善了列车载荷的分布, 可以有效防止轨道变形, 大大节省铁路的养护 成本。
另夕卜, CN1167183A也涉及一种纵向轨枕,其主要是对钢管与纵向梁相 连的连接端进行了改进, 将其制成扁平状, 从而能够通过简单的结构 (即 无需设置肋条等) 来实现钢管的防转和防拉拔。 此外, 还可以在钢管内部 填充混凝土以提高其弯曲强度。
显然, 与传统的横向轨枕相比, 上述的纵向轨枕具有诸多优点。 但是, 现有的纵向轨枕仍然存在一些不足之处。 例如, 通过钢管来连接一对纵向 梁, 可能会存在干扰列车电信号的问题。 另外, 钢管长期暴露于外部环境 下会存在表面保护漆脱落及被腐蚀的问题, 为了防止保护漆脱落, 在运输 和施工过程中需要增加一些防护措施, 从而会增加运输和施工难度, 同时 还会增加维护管理工作量及成本。 因此, 需要对现有的纵向轨枕进行改进。 发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种改进的纵向轨枕, 其至少可以解决现有的纵 向轨枕中作为连接件的钢管会干扰电信号, 并且长期暴露于外部环境下会 被腐蚀的问题。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种包括上述纵向轨枕的减振轨道系统。 为了实现本发明的上述目的, 根据本发明的一个方面, 提供一种纵向 轨枕, 该纵向轨枕包括分别沿钢轨的纵向设置在钢轨下面的一对预应力混 凝土纵向梁, 该纵向轨枕还包括混凝土连接板, 所述混凝土连接板横向地 连接在所述一对预应力混凝土纵向梁之间。
在本发明中, 由于在预应力混凝土纵向梁之间采用混凝土连接板代替 了现有的钢管作为连接件, 因此彻底解决了钢管会干扰电信号以及长期暴 露于外部环境下会被腐蚀的问题。
根据一种优选的实施方式, 所述一对预应力混凝土纵向梁和所述混凝 土连接板可以一体浇注而成, 例如在工厂内进行一体浇注, 因此加工制造 方便、 生产效率高、 且有利于施工。 例如, 对于现有的钢管式连接件来说, 在制造纵向轨枕时, 必须要考虑钢管与预应力混凝土纵向梁之间的连接问 题, 同时还要考虑钢管在预应力混凝土纵向梁之间的防转和防窜动问题。 在此优选实施方式中, 由于预应力混凝土纵向梁和混凝土连接板一起浇注 而成, 因此不再需要考虑与二者之间的连接有关的诸多问题, 制得的纵向 轨枕结构简单、 加工方便、 有效降低了制造成本。
根据一种优选的实施方式, 可以沿着预应力混凝土纵向梁的长度方向 间隔布置多个混凝土连接板。 例如, 对于长度为 6米的纵向轨枕来说, 可 以在一对预应力混凝土纵向梁之间间隔布置 3个混凝土连接板, 从而提高 纵向轨枕的结构稳定性和使用可靠性。 根据需要, 也可以在预应力混凝土 纵向梁之间布置 1个或 2个混凝土连接板, 或者布置多于 3个混凝土连接 板, 本发明对此不作限制。
根据一种优选的实施方式, 纵向轨枕整体上可以沿其长度方向的中心 线对称布置, 从而保证其受力均衡, 提高其结构稳定性和使用可靠性。 根据一种优选的实施方式, 预应力混凝土纵向梁内可以设置有从其上 表面向下延伸的预埋套管, 以及从所述预埋套管的底部继续向下延伸到所 述预应力混凝土纵向梁外部的通孔。
在现有的纵向轨枕中, 例如 CN1135279C所公开的纵向轨枕中, 预埋 套管设置在预应力混凝土纵向梁内, 利用预埋套管来固定扣件, 可以将钢 轨安装到纵向梁上, 以形成轨道。 然而, 由于预埋套管的材料和纵向梁的 混凝土材料的热膨胀系数的差异, 因此在温度较高或较低的地区使用时, 温度应力影响较大, 将导致预应力混凝土纵向梁发生开裂受损, 该问题在 温差大的地区尤其突出。 例如, 就北京地区来说, 轨道最高温度可达 62°C 度, 最低温度可达零下 22°C度。 在这种较大温差地区, 会给纵向轨枕带来 隐患, 从而增加轨道的维修成本。 此外, 在长期使用过程中, 外部的杂质、 积水等将聚集在预埋套管内, 由于这些杂质和积水等占用了套管内适应材 料特性所要求的热伸缩应力的释放空间, 因此会加大预应力混凝土纵向梁 的应力而导致轨枕开裂。
在本发明的优选实施方式中, 通过在预应力混凝土纵向梁内设置通孔, 使预埋套管底部与纵向梁的外部相通以释放应力, 因此可以避免发生上述 开裂受损现象。 另外, 预埋套管内的杂质和积水等可以从该通孔流出到预 应力混凝土纵向梁的外部, 因此可以避免在预应力混凝土纵向梁内积聚杂 质和积水, 有效避免预应力混凝土纵向梁发生开裂现象。
本发明对通孔的形式、 数量等不作限制, 只要能符合本发明的目的即 可, 即能够释放预应力混凝土纵向梁内的应力, 将预埋套管内的杂质和积 水等引出到预应力混凝土纵向梁的外部。 作为一种例子, 所述通孔可以从 预埋套管垂直向下延伸到预应力混凝土纵向梁的下表面, 因此通过预埋套 管进入到预应力混凝土纵向梁内的杂质和积水可以通过自身的重力作用而 很容易通过该通孔排出。 作为另一种例子, 所述通孔可以从预埋套管下部 倾斜向下延伸到预应力混凝土纵向梁的侧表面, 从而可以将预埋套管内的 杂质引出到预应力混凝土纵向梁的侧面, 例如一对预应力混凝土纵向梁之 间, 或者纵向轨枕的外侧。
根据一种优选的实施方式, 所述通孔的直径可以是向外逐渐扩大, 这 有利于预应力混凝土纵向梁的制造, 即在轨枕灌注工艺中, 形成所述通孔 的型芯容易从通孔中拔出。
根据一种优选的实施方式, 为了顺利排出预埋套管内的杂质和积水, 延伸到预应力混凝土纵向梁外部的所述通孔的出口不受任何阻挡。 例如, 在通孔的出口位于纵向梁下表面的情况下, 该出口的位置可以与道床或者 支座间隔开一定的距离, 由于纵向轨枕是一种浮置式轨枕, 可以很容易实 现这一点。 例如, 可以通过在开口位置的两侧设置减振材料垫或者减振装 置来实现; 或者在减振材料垫上对应处开小孔而基本上不会影响减振材料 垫的性能。 在通孔的出口位于纵向梁内侧表面的情况下, 通常无需做特殊 处理, 因为该内侧表面通常都是直接暴露于外部环境中。 在通孔的出口位 于纵向梁外侧表面的情况下, 一般也无需做特殊处理, 因为该外侧表面通 常也是直接暴露于外部环境中; 如果在纵向梁的外侧还设置有混凝土支座 或者铸铁支座等结构, 则通过使出口位置与该支座间隔开一定距离即可。
在轨枕生产中拆模时, 预应力混凝土纵向梁和混凝土连接板间 (尤其 是二者之间的连接拐角处) 容易产生应力集中, 从而导致出现裂紋。 另外, 在有碴道床轨道系统中, 使用时在预应力混凝土纵向梁及混凝土连接板内 由于道碴摩擦及道碴不均匀支撑会产生应力, 这也会使纵向梁与连接板的 连接处出现裂紋。 根据一种优选的实施方式, 为了满足高速行驶用无碴道 床轨道系统对轨枕的要求, 在混凝土连接板的两侧与预应力混凝土纵向梁 之间的连接拐角处可以形成为圆角, 即采用圆角过渡, 从而可以避免在该 连接拐角处由于发生应力集中而发生裂紋现象。
此外, 根据一种优选的实施方式, 可以在混凝土连接板内沿其中心线 的两侧对称布置至少一对加强钢筋, 其两端分别延伸至所述预应力混凝土 纵向梁内且相对于所述中心线向外弯曲, 并延伸一定的长度。 在此实施方 式中, 通过使加强钢筋的两端向外弯曲, 可以提高加强钢筋的抗拉拔能力。 另外, 在预应力混凝土纵向梁内可以布置连接钢筋, 用于连接一对加强钢 筋, 从而可以进一步提高加强钢筋的抗拉拔能力。
根据一种优选的实施方式, 在一对预应力混凝土纵向梁上与所述混凝 土连接板的连接处附近 (如连接拐角处) 可以在生产过程中预先形成应力 释放裂紋来引导和释放应力, 从而可以防止不可修补及不便修补的裂紋出 现, 控制裂紋的发生。
根据一种优选的实施方式, 所述应力释放裂紋可以形成于所述预应力 混凝土纵向梁的上表面和 /或下表面上, 但不会开裂至使纵向轨枕受损的程 度, 即基本上不会影响预应力混凝土纵向梁的质量, 不会对纵向梁上的钢 轨产生不利影响。 所述应力释放裂紋优选形成于预应力混凝土纵向梁的下 表面上, 因为其不会直接与钢轨接触。
在本发明中, 可以通过多种方式来形成上述应力释放裂紋。 根据一种 优选的实施方式, 可以在所述混凝土连接板内布置多个结构钢筋。 例如, 可以在混凝土连接板内布置至少一对结构钢筋, 使之沿混凝土连接板的中 心线的两侧对称布置。 结构钢筋的两端可以分别延伸至混凝土连接板与混 凝土纵向梁的交界处附近, 从而在该两端附近的区域形成应力。 由于混凝 土连接板和混凝土纵向梁的连接拐角处也通常存在应力, 因此可以形成从 所述混凝土连接板和混凝土纵向梁的连接拐角处朝向连接板中心线的方向 向内以倾斜方向延伸的所述应力释放裂紋。 根据一种优选的实施方式, 在 混凝土连接板内沿其中心线的两侧可以对称布置有至少一对后张拉钢筋, 其两端分别延伸至一对预应力混凝土纵向梁的外侧面。 在混凝土连接板及 其两端的预应力混凝土纵向梁内, 设置的后张拉钢筋是为了避免预应力混 凝土纵向梁上形成的应力释放裂紋继续开裂, 即通过后张的应力控制所述 应力释放裂紋, 使之保持在闭合状态。 具体而言, 在纵向轨枕拆模后, 对 后张拉钢筋进行张拉作业, 可以将应力释放裂紋保持在闭合状态而不会继 续开裂。 通过这种实施方式, 一方面可以有效控制开裂部位, 避开在不利 部位发生开裂, 可以将制造过程中产生的应力释放出去, 另一方面也可以 将使用过程中由于摩擦、 不均匀支撑等产生的应力及时释放, 同时通过后 张拉钢筋的作用还可以恢复至未开裂状态, 从而可以有效避免预应力混凝 土纵向梁的开裂现象, 延长轨道的使用寿命和提高行车安全。
为了有效避免应力释放裂紋继续开裂, 将其始终保持在闭合状态, 后 张拉钢筋优选位于结构钢筋的内侧。
为了防止在混凝土连接板和预应力混凝土纵向梁的连接拐角处由于应 力集中而发生开裂现象, 还可以在该连接拐角处的内侧沿混凝土连接板的 中心线的两侧对称布置至少一对防开裂辅助钢筋, 其相对于中心线倾斜布 置。 作为一种实施方式, 该至少一对防开裂辅助钢筋与中心线之间的夹角 可以为 30度至 60度。
根据本发明的另一个方面, 本发明还提供一种减振轨道系统, 该减振 轨道系统包括本发明的纵向轨枕, 因此至少具有由本发明的纵向轨枕所带 来的诸多优点。
根据一种实施方式, 本发明的减振轨道系统, 包括根据上述任意一种 纵向轨枕, 以及分别沿长度方向安装在所述纵向轨枕中的预应力混凝土纵 向梁上的钢轨。 这里所说的长度方向是指减振轨道系统的长度方向, 同时 也是预应力混凝土纵向梁和钢轨的长度方向, 因为本发明的轨枕属于 "纵 向轨枕"。 通常, 可以通过扣件和所述预应力混凝土纵向梁内的预埋套管的 接合, 将所述钢轨安装到所述预应力混凝土纵向梁上。
根据一种实施方式, 本发明的减振轨道系统可以包括支座, 所述预应 力混凝土纵向梁安装在支座上, 所述支座例如可以是 L形的混凝土支座, 铸铁支座等等。 作为一种优选的实施方式, 所述支座可以形成为具有底部 和侧部的 L形, 即 L形支座。 所述预应力混凝土纵向梁坐落在所述支座的 底部上, 且轨枕侧面抵靠所述支座的侧部。 通过该 L形混凝土支座, 不仅 可以支撑预应力混凝土纵向梁, 而且可以起到纵向轨枕或减振轨道系统的 限位防爬作用。
根据一种优选的实施方式, 可以在所述预应力混凝土纵向梁与所述支 座的底部之间布置减振材料垫或者减振装置, 在所述预应力混凝土纵向梁 与所述支座的侧部之间布置有缓冲材料垫, 以获得减振和缓冲效果, 减轻 轨道系统传递给构造物的振动, 同时发挥纵向轨枕对冲击荷载的分散作用, 提高列车的乘坐舒适性且延长轨道的使用寿命。 所述减振材料垫和所述缓 冲材料垫可以由多种弹性材料制得, 例如橡胶、 弹簧、 塑料等。 减振装置 可以采用现有技术中各种各样合适的减振装置。
根据一种优选的实施方式, 所述预应力混凝土纵向梁的内侧间隔设置 有支墩, 该支墩抵靠所述混凝土连接板。 通过所述支墩, 可以实现纵向轨 枕的纵向限位 (即防爬) 作用。 该支墩与预应力混凝土纵向梁间留有空隙, 也可以用缓冲材料垫隔开, 以防止预应力混凝土纵向梁上的振动传递给支 墩。 此外, 通过将支墩设置于预应力混凝土纵向梁的内侧, 使得减振轨道 系统可以方便地在外侧空间受限区域进行铺设, 例如隧道、 桥梁等处。 在 此, 支墩可以现场浇注形成。 在所述混凝土连接板与所述支墩之间同样可 以布置有缓冲材料垫, 该缓冲材料垫可以由弹性材料制成。
通过上文所述, 本发明的纵向轨枕和减振轨道系统主要包括但不限于 下面的这些优点:
1、 由于采用混凝土连接板作为一对预应力混凝土纵向梁之间的连接 件, 因此彻底解决了现有技术中采用钢管作为连接件的问题, 例如钢管是 否干扰列车电信号、 钢管长期暴露于外部环境中会被腐蚀, 增加维修成本 等问题;
2、 由于混凝土连接板可以和预应力混凝土纵向梁一起浇注而成, 所以 具有结构简单、 加工方便、 生产效率高等优点;
3、 由于在预应力混凝土纵向梁内设置有从预埋套管的底部向下延伸到 预应力混凝土纵向梁外部的通孔, 因此可以释放预埋套管与混凝土线膨胀 不同而带来的发生在预应力混凝土纵向梁内的应力, 同时也防止在预应力 混凝土纵向梁内聚集杂质和积水, 避免纵向梁发生开裂而受损;
4、通过在预应力混凝土纵向梁和支座的底部和侧部之间布置减振材料 垫和缓冲材料垫, 可以实现本发明的减振轨道系统具有减振功能, 提高列 车的行驶稳定性和乘坐舒适性, 同时减少由于列车冲击能量而导致对轨枕 和道床等的破坏;
5、 通过在预应力混凝土纵向梁上预设应力释放裂紋, 可以解决混凝土 纵向梁的应力释放问题。 通过增加后张拉钢筋, 可以将应力释放裂紋保持 在闭合状态, 可以消除应力释放裂紋带来的不利影响, 同时防止后期使用 过程中产生裂紋, 从而可以有效延长纵向轨枕和减振轨道系统的使用寿命, 降低维修成本;
6、通过在混凝土连接板和预应力混凝土纵向梁之间的连接拐角处形成 圆角, 可以避免在此处产生应力集中而开裂。 通过在混凝土连接板内设置 加强钢筋且使之两端向外弯曲, 不仅可以提高混凝土连接板的强度和刚度, 增加抗拉拔能力, 而且可以避免在预应力混凝土纵向梁内产生应力集中;
7、 通过在预应力混凝土纵向梁的内侧间隔设置支墩, 可以提供纵向轨 枕的纵向限位即防爬功能, 并且有利于纵向轨枕在外侧空间受限区域的铺 设。
需要特别强调的是, 在本发明的不同实施方式中, 上述各个特征可以 单独使用, 也可以通过任意可行的组合方式进行使用 (只要这种组合是可 能的或者是不矛盾的), 由此所得到的所有的实施方式都将落入本发明的保 护范围之内。 为了避免赘述, 本发明不再对各种可能的组合方式进行详细 说明。 附图说明
图 1是根据本发明一种实施方式的纵向轨枕的示意性立体图。
图 2是根据该实施方式的纵向轨枕的俯视图。
图 3是根据该实施方式的纵向轨枕的侧视图。
图 4是图 2中的 A-A截面图。
图 5是图 2中的 B-B截面图。
图 6至图 9是根据本发明的其他实施方式的纵向轨枕的平面示意图。 图 10是根据本发明一种实施方式的减振轨道系统的平面示意图。
图 11是图 10中减振轨道系统的侧面示意图。 具体实施方式
下面将参照附图对本发明的实施方式进行详细说明。
首先, 将参照图 1至图 9来描述根据本发明各种实施方式的纵向轨枕。 如图 1和图 2所示, 根据本发明一种实施方式的纵向轨枕包括分别沿 钢轨的纵向设置在钢轨下面的一对预应力混凝土纵向梁 1,该纵向轨枕还包 括混凝土连接板 2,所述混凝土连接板 2横向地连接在所述一对预应力混凝 土纵向梁 1之间。 图 2中的附图标记 6表示吊装孔, 用于通过起重机械等 来升降纵向轨枕以进行安装铺设、 养护维修及施工辅助用支架安装等。
一对预应力混凝土纵向梁 1 可以铺设在有碴道床或者无碴道床上, 其 上可以安装钢轨。 混凝土连接板 2连接在一对预应力混凝土纵向梁 1之间, 用于保持纵向轨枕的稳定结构, 以及保持一对纵向梁 1之间的轨距。
预应力混凝土纵向梁 1 的高度和厚度与混凝土连接板 2的高度和厚度 大致相同。 混凝土连接板 2 的宽度可以根据荷载及刚度要求进行设计, 通 常为单个纵向梁 1的宽度的 2/5~3/5, 但本发明不限于此。
如图 1所示, 在一对预应力混凝土纵向梁 1之间布置有 3个混凝土连 接板 2。 根据具体需要, 混凝土连接板 2的数量可以是 1个、 2个或者多于 2个, 本发明对此不作限制。 为了保证纵向轨枕结构稳定和受力均衡, 纵向 轨枕优选地整体上沿其长度方向的中心线对称布置。
在本发明中, 由于在预应力混凝土纵向梁 1 之间采用混凝土连接板 2 代替了现有的钢管作为连接件, 因此彻底解决了钢管会干扰电信号以及长 期暴露于外部环境下会被腐蚀的问题。 所述一对预应力混凝土纵向梁 1 和 所述混凝土连接板 2可以一体浇注而成, 例如在工厂内进行一体浇注, 因 此加工制造方便、 生产效率高、 且有利于施工。 对于现有的钢管式连接件 来说, 在制造纵向轨枕时, 必须要考虑钢管与预应力混凝土纵向梁之间的 连接问题。在此实施方式中, 由于预应力混凝土纵向梁 1和混凝土连接板 2 一起浇注而成, 因此不再需要考虑与二者之间的连接有关的诸多问题, 制 得的纵向轨枕结构简单、 加工方便、 有效降低了制造成本。
预应力混凝土纵向梁 1和混凝土连接板 2内布置有多根预拉伸钢筋, 以提高制得的纵向轨枕的强度和刚度。 对于预应力混凝土纵向梁 1 而言, 其基本上可以采用与现有的 "梯形轨枕"或者 "纵向轨枕" 中的纵向梁类 似的结构, 其中可以布置有多根预拉伸钢筋。对于本发明的混凝土连接板 2 来说, 其中也可以布置多个预拉伸钢筋, 以增强混凝土连接板 2 的强度和 刚度, 这将在后面进行详细说明。
在纵向轨枕中, 通常在预应力混凝土纵向梁内设置有预埋套管, 以便 通过扣件连接到预埋套管, 可以将钢轨安装到纵向轨枕上, 以完成轨道的 铺设。 埋入到预应力混凝土纵向梁内的预埋套管与混凝土二者材料特性差 别较大时, 线膨胀系数将具有较大差异。 在传统的纵向轨枕中, 当固定扣 件的锚固螺栓下部与预埋套管内下部的相对空间较小时 (例如有积水时), 由于热胀冷缩的程度不同, 两者间会产生较大应力, 会破坏预埋套管的底 部并将力传递到预应力混凝土纵向梁内。 当较大的应力传递到纵向轨枕时, 如果该应力不能及时得到释放, 则会导致纵向梁发生开裂而受损, 对纵向 轨枕具有潜在的破坏性。 因此, 尤其是在温差较大的地区, 特别是在施工 过程中, 或者在后期的使用过程中, 外部杂质、 雨水等容易进入到预埋套 管内, 在温差影响下, 这些物质会导致在预应力混凝土纵向梁内产生应力, 使纵向梁开裂受损。
为了解决该技术问题, 根据本发明的一种实施方式, 如图 5清楚地显 示, 在预埋套管 5的下端开设有一个开口, 与纵向梁上的通孔 7相通, 该 通孔 7将预埋套管 5下部的开口连通到预应力混凝土纵向梁 1的下面。 在 其他实施方式中, 该通孔 7也可以通到预应力混凝土纵向梁 1 的侧面。 在 此实施方式中, 通过在预应力混凝土纵向梁 1内设置通孔 7, 使带有下部开 口的预埋套管 5与外部相通, 从而在预应力混凝土纵向梁 1 内产生的应力 可通过该通孔 7得到释放, 避免发生开裂受损现象。 另外, 带有下部开口 的预埋套管 5 内的杂质和积水等可以从该通孔 7流出到预应力混凝土纵向 梁 1 的外部, 因此可以避免在预应力混凝土纵向梁 1 内积聚杂质和积水, 有效避免预应力混凝土纵向梁 1 在温度影响下, 特别是低温影响下发生开 裂现象。
从图 5中还可以清楚地看出, 所述通孔 7的直径可以是向外逐渐扩大 的, 这有利于预应力混凝土纵向梁 1 的制造, 即在制造过程中, 用于形成 所述通孔 7的型芯容易从通孔 7中拔出。 换言之, 所述通孔 7具有一个拔 模斜度, 以利于其制造。 另外, 为了顺利排出预埋套管 5内的杂质和积水, 延伸到预应力混凝土纵向梁 1外部的所述通孔 7的出口最好是不受任何阻 挡。
如图 1和图 2所示在预应力混凝土构件生产过程中,在混凝土连接板 2 和预应力混凝土纵向梁 1 的连接拐角处容易产生应力集中。 此外, 在这种 纵向轨枕的减振轨道系统使用一段时间之后, 特别是对于有碴道床, 由于 受到摩擦、 不均匀支撑等产生的应力的影响, 预应力混凝土纵向梁 1 内的 应力将会不断积累和增加, 最终会导致纵向梁 1 在某处发生开裂、 破损, 严重影响减振轨道系统的使用安全和使用寿命, 增加其维修养护成本。
图 6是根据本发明另一种实施方式的纵向轨枕的俯视图。 尤其是在无 碴道床使用时, 为了解决上述应力集中而导致纵向梁开裂受损的问题, 如 图 6所示, 根据本发明的一种实施方式, 可以在混凝土连接板 2和预应力 混凝土纵向梁 1之间的连接拐角处形成圆角 9。此外, 还可以在连接板的配 筋上做相应调整, 如增加防开裂辅助钢筋 15, 从而解决由于连接拐角处的 应力集中而导致的开裂问题。
图 7是根据本发明的一种实施方式的纵向轨枕的平面示意图。 如图 7 所示, 可以在混凝土连接板 2内沿其中心线 X的两侧布置至少一对加强钢 筋 14, 该加强钢筋 14的两端分别延伸至所述预应力混凝土纵向梁 1内, 且 相对于所述中心线 X向外弯曲(即一对加强钢筋 14的两端沿着纵向梁的长 度方向相向弯曲)。 在此实施方式中, 通过将加强钢筋 14的两端向外弯曲, 可以避免在末端处产生应力; 另外, 可以提高加强钢筋 14的抗拉拔强度, 继而可以提高混凝土连接板 2的强度和刚度。 另外, 加强钢筋 14的两端向 外弯曲之后, 还可以再次朝向彼此弯曲, 或者在朝向彼此弯曲之后再次向 回弯曲, 这可以根据具体情况进行设计, 本发明对此不作限制。 另外, 作 为一个例子, 对于加强钢筋 14, 可以选用直径为 51cm的螺旋形带肋钢筋。 选用直径相对较粗的钢筋, 可以有效提高混凝土连接板 2的强度和刚度, 同时又可减小混凝土连接板的尺寸。 钢筋外表面形成有螺旋形肋, 可以 提高钢筋的防拉拔能力, 使加强钢筋 14和混凝土连接板 2以及预应力混 凝土纵向梁 1更牢固地结合在一起。通过这种实施方式得到的纵向轨枕, 由于有效解决了混凝土构件上的应力集中问题, 并解决了使用混凝土连 接板代替钢管而一直不好解决的作为连接件应该具备的符合纵向轨枕受 力要求的合理的强度和刚度问题。 因此这种纵向轨枕能够满足无碴道床 高速铁路使用, 例如车速达到 300km/h以上, 甚至更高车速。
图 8是根据本发明的另一种实施方式的纵向轨枕的平面示意图。如图 8 所示, 该实施方式与图 7 中的实施方式相比, 区别在于在预应力混凝土纵 向梁 1内增加了连接钢筋 13。 具体而言, 在每个混凝土连接板 2的两端外 侧, 在预应力混凝土纵向梁 1内, 连接钢筋 13与从同一个混凝土连接板 2 内延伸出来的至少一对 (例如两根) 加强钢筋 14连接, 优选为焊接, 由此 可以进一步提高加强钢筋 14的抗拉拔强度。
图 9是根据本发明的一种实施方式的纵向轨枕的平面示意图。 如上所 述, 在预应力混凝土构件生产过程中, 预应力混凝土纵向梁 1 和混凝土连 接板 2的连接拐角处容易出现应力集中, 导致纵向梁 1开裂受损。 另外, 在轨道经过长期使用之后, 特别是在有碴道床上使用时, 会在预应力混凝 土纵向梁 1 上产生摩擦应力, 以及不均匀支撑产生的不均匀受力。 如果产 生的应力不做引导式释放及控制, 将会加剧预应力混凝土纵向梁 1 的开裂 受损, 严重影响轨道的使用寿命和行车安全。 在此实施方式中, 可以预先 在预应力混凝土纵向梁 1上与混凝土连接板 2的连接拐角处附近形成应力 释放裂紋 11, 一方面可以将制造过程中产生的应力释放出去, 另一方面也 可以将使用过程中产生的疲劳应力及时释放, 从而可以有效避免预应力混 凝土纵向梁的开裂现象, 延长轨道的使用寿命和提高行车安全。
在本发明中, 可以通过多种方式来形成上述应力释放裂紋 11。 如图 9 所示, 可以在混凝土连接板 2的中心线 X的两侧, 在混凝土连接板 2内对 称设置至少一对结构钢筋 16。 通常情况下, 在一个混凝土连接板 2内, 可 以设置两对结构钢筋 16, 其中一对设置在连接板 2的上部, 另一对设置在 连接板 2的下部。 在此实施方式中, 在一个混凝土连接板 2内也可以仅设 置一对结构钢筋 16, 或者设置多于两对的结构钢筋 16, 本发明对此不作限 制。
每根结构钢筋 16的两端分别延伸到混凝土连接板 2的末端附近, 即一 对预应力混凝土纵向梁 1 的边缘附近, 从而在此处周围将产生应力集中。 同时, 由于在混凝土连接板 2与预应力混凝土纵向梁 1的连接拐角处同样 存在应力集中, 因此可以形成在这两个位置之间延伸的应力释放裂紋 11, 以释放预应力混凝土纵向梁 1内的应力。
为了避免预应力混凝土纵向梁 1上形成的应力释放裂紋 11开裂, 影响 产品的质量, 可以在混凝土连接板和预应力混凝土纵向梁内延伸布置至少 一对后张拉钢筋 8。 作为一种优选实施方式, 对于每个混凝土连接板来说, 在混凝土连接板 2的两侧沿其中心线 X对称布置两根后张拉钢筋 8, 以实 现均匀加载。
在纵向轨枕浇注后之后, 通过螺紋件调整后张拉钢筋 8 的拉紧力, 使 之大于所述应力释放裂紋 11 的应力, 从而可以将所述应力释放裂紋 11保 持在闭合状态, 即防止应力释放裂紋 11开裂。 后张力钢筋 8的强度一般根 据荷载及连接板 2的刚度要求决定, 通常可采用直径为 13厘米的预应力钢 筋。 后张力钢筋 8 的具体结构及其设置方式对于本领域普通技术人员来说 是已知的, 本发明对此不再赘述。
根据一种优选的实施方式, 所述应力释放裂紋 11可以形成于所述预应 力混凝土纵向梁 1的上表面和 /或下表面上, 优选是下表面上, 因为其不与 钢轨接触。
在混凝土连接板 2内设置有结构钢筋 16的情况下, 后张拉钢筋 8优选 设置在结构钢筋 16的内侧, 从而可以有效地防止所述应力释放裂紋 11开 裂, 将其保持在闭合状态。
在本发明的一种实施方式中, 如图 7至图 9所示, 可以在混凝土连接 板 2和预应力混凝土纵向梁 1的连接拐角处的内侧,沿所述混凝土连接板 2 的中心线 X的两侧对称布置至少一对防开裂辅助钢筋 15, 其相对于中心线 X倾斜布置, 由此可以防止在连接拐角处发生开裂现象。
防开裂辅助钢筋 15与中心线 X之间的夹角可以在 30度至 60度,但本 发明对此不作限制。
上面对本发明的纵向轨枕的多种实施方式进行了详细说明, 但本发明 不限于此。 此外, 需要重点指出的是, 本发明上述的各种实施方式可以采 用各种可行的方式进行组合使用, 所有这些可行的组合方式都应当被认为 是本发明公开内容的一部分, 同样落入到本发明的范围之内。
根据本发明的另一个方面, 本发明还提供一种减振轨道系统, 其采用 了本发明的纵向轨枕。 下面将参照图 10和图 11对本发明的减振轨道系统 的典型实施方式进行详细说明。
图 10是根据本发明一种实施方式的减振轨道系统的平面示意图。图 11 是图 10中减振轨道系统的侧面示意图。
如图 10和图 11所示, 本发明的减振轨道系统包括纵向轨枕, 以及分 别沿纵向轨枕的长度方向安装在所述纵向轨枕中的一对预应力混凝土纵向 梁 1上的钢轨 20。 这里所说的长度方向是指减振轨道系统的长度方向, 同 时也是预应力混凝土纵向梁和钢轨的长度方向,因为本发明的轨枕属于"纵 向轨枕"。 通常, 可以通过扣件 21和所述预应力混凝土纵向梁 1 内的预埋 套管 5的接合, 将所述钢轨 20通过扣件 21安装到所述预应力混凝土纵向 梁 1上。 根据一种实施方式, 本发明的减振轨道系统可以包括具有底部 31 和侧部 32的 L形混凝土支座 30, 即支座 30的底部 31和侧部 32整体上形 成为 L形。 所述预应力混凝土纵向梁 1坐落在所述支座 30的底部 31上, 且外侧抵靠所述支座 30的侧部 32。 通过该 L形混凝土支座 30, 不仅可以 支撑预应力混凝土纵向梁 1,而且可以起到纵向轨枕或减振轨道系统的横向 限位作用。 需要指出的是, L形混凝土支座 30仅仅是本发明纵向轨枕所应 用的使用实施方式, 本发明并不限于此, 例如还可以使用铸铁支座等。
根据一种实施方式, 可以在所述预应力混凝土纵向梁 1与所述支座 30 的底部之间布置减振材料垫 3,在所述预应力混凝土纵向梁 1与所述支座的 侧部 32之间布置有缓冲材料垫 4, 以获得减振和缓冲效果, 减轻轨道振动 对构造物受到的冲击力, 减少了构造物的振动, 延长构造物的使用寿命。 同时根据作用力与反作用力的原理, 同样可以减少对减振轨道系统的冲击 力。 对减振轨道系统而言, 减振材料垫和缓冲材料垫可以减轻其受力情况。 此外, 由于采用了对轮轨受力能够进行纵向分散的纵向轨枕, 因此减振轨 道系统整体上受冲击力的影响较小。所述减振材料垫 3和所述缓冲材料垫 4 可以由多种弹性材料制得, 例如橡胶、 塑料、 弹簧等。 另外, 在本发明中, 还可以使用其他的减振装置来代替上述的减振材料和 /或缓冲材料。 减振装 置通常包括至少两块板件以及位于板件之间的弹簧, 其结构对于本领域技 术人员而言是已知的, 本发明不再赘述。
根据一种实施方式, 所述预应力混凝土纵向梁 1 的内侧可以间隔设置 有支墩 12, 该支墩 12抵靠所述混凝土连接板 2。 具体而言, 该支墩 12独 立形成于预应力混凝土纵向梁 1的内侧且与预应力混凝土纵向梁 1 间隔开 (可以采用缓冲垫 4填充该间隔空间, 或者直接预留该间隔空间), 以避免 预应力混凝土纵向梁 1上的振动直接传递给支墩 12。另外, 该支墩 12抵靠 所述混凝土连接板 2, 以实现纵向轨枕在列车行进中的防爬功能。此外, 通 过将支墩 12形成于预应力混凝土纵向梁 1的内侧, 使得减振轨道系统可以 方便地在外侧空间受限区域进行铺设, 例如隧道、 桥梁等处。 通常, 支墩 12可以现场浇注形成,支墩 12与地面之间的固定例如可以通过预留钢筋或 后植钢筋实现。 优选地, 在所述混凝土连接板与所述支墩之间同样可以布 置有缓冲材料垫, 该缓冲材料垫优选由弹性材料制成。
上文中通过多种实施方式对本发明的减振轨道系统进行了详细说明, 该减振轨道系统原则上可以采用本发明的各种各样的纵向轨枕。
需要强调的是, 已经参照附图和多种实施方式对本发明的纵向轨枕和 减振轨道系统进行了详细说明, 但是本发明并不限于这些具体的实施方式, 并且这些实施方式可以通过各种各样的可行的组合方式予以采用, 本发明 对此不作任何限制。例如, 如图 10所示的支墩 12, 其可以应用于本发明的 各种纵向轨枕中, 如图 1所示的纵向轨枕, 或者图 6至图 9中所示的任意 一种纵向轨枕。 所有这些可行的组合方式都应当理解为属于本发明公开的 一部分, 同样落入到本发明的范围之内。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种纵向轨枕, 该纵向轨枕包括分别沿钢轨的纵向设置在钢轨下面 的一对预应力混凝土纵向梁(1 ), 其特征在于, 该纵向轨枕还包括混凝土连 接板 (2), 所述混凝土连接板 (2) 横向地连接在所述一对预应力混凝土纵 向梁 (1 ) 之间。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的纵向轨枕, 其特征在于, 所述一对预应力混 凝土纵向梁 (1 ) 和所述混凝土连接板 (2) —体浇注而成。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的纵向轨枕, 其特征在于, 沿所述预应力混凝 土纵向梁 (1 ) 的长度方向间隔布置有多个所述混凝土连接板 (2)。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的纵向轨枕, 其特征在于, 所述纵向轨枕整体 上沿其长度方向的中心线对称布置。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的纵向轨枕, 其特征在于, 所述预应力混凝土 纵向梁 (1 ) 内设置有从其上表面向下延伸的预埋套管 (5 ), 以及从所述预 埋套管 (5 ) 的底部继续向下延伸到所述预应力混凝土纵向梁 (1 )外部的通 孔 (7)。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的纵向轨枕, 其特征在于, 所述通孔 (7) 从所 述预埋套管 (5 ) 的底部垂直向下延伸到所述预应力混凝土纵向梁 (1 ) 的下 表面。
7、 根据权利要求 5所述的纵向轨枕, 其特征在于, 所述通孔 (7) 从所 述预埋套管 (5 ) 的底部倾斜向下延伸到所述预应力混凝土纵向梁 (1 ) 的侧 表面。
8、 根据权利要求 5-7 中任意一项所述的纵向轨枕, 其特征在于, 所述 通孔 (7 ) 的直径向外逐渐扩大。
9、 根据权利要求 5所述的纵向轨枕, 其特征在于, 延伸到所述预应力 混凝土纵向梁 (1 ) 外部的所述通孔 (7) 的出口不受阻挡。
10、 根据权利要求 1所述的纵向轨枕, 其特征在于, 所述混凝土连接板 (2) 的两侧与所述预应力混凝土纵向梁(1 )之间的连接拐角处形成为圆角 (9)。
11、 根据权利要求 10所述的纵向轨枕, 其特征在于, 在所述混凝土连 接板 (2) 内沿其中心线 (X) 的两侧对称布置有至少一对加强钢筋 (14), 所述至少一对加强钢筋( 14)的两端分别延伸至所述预应力混凝土纵向梁( 1 ) 内且相对于所述中心线 (X) 向外弯曲。
12、 根据权利要求 11所述的纵向轨枕, 其特征在于, 在所述预应力混 凝土纵向梁 (1 ) 内布置有连接钢筋 (13 ), 该连接钢筋 (13 ) 与所述至少一 对加强钢筋 (14) 相连。
13、 根据权利要求 1所述的纵向轨枕, 其特征在于, 在所述一对预应力 混凝土纵向梁 (1 )上与所述混凝土连接板 (2) 的连接处附近形成有应力释 放裂紋 (11 )。
14、 根据权利要求 13所述的纵向轨枕, 其特征在于, 所述应力释放裂 紋 (11 ) 形成于所述预应力混凝土纵向梁 (1 ) 的上表面和 /或下表面上。
15、 根据权利要求 14所述的纵向轨枕, 其特征在于, 在所述混凝土连 接板 (2) 内布置有至少一对结构钢筋 (16), 所述至少一对结构钢筋 (16) 沿所述混凝土连接板 (2) 的中心线 (X) 的两侧对称布置。
16、 根据权利要求 15所述的纵向轨枕, 其特征在于, 在所述混凝土连 接板 (2) 内沿其中心线 (X) 的两侧对称布置有至少一对后张拉钢筋 (8), 所述至少一对后张拉钢筋 (8 ) 的两端分别延伸至所述一对预应力混凝土纵 向梁 (1 ) 的外侧面。
17、 根据权利要求 16所述的纵向轨枕, 其特征在于, 所述至少一对后 张拉钢筋 (8) 位于所述至少一对结构钢筋 (16) 的内侧。
18、 根据权利要求 1所述的纵向轨枕, 其特征在于, 在所述混凝土连接 板 (2) 和所述预应力混凝土纵向梁 (1) 的连接拐角处的内侧, 沿所述混凝 土连接板 (2)的中心线 (X)的两侧对称布置有至少一对防开裂辅助钢筋(15), 该至少一对防开裂辅助钢筋 (15) 相对于所述中心线 (X) 倾斜布置。
19、 根据权利要求 18所述的纵向轨枕, 其特征在于, 所述至少一对防 开裂辅助钢筋 (15) 与所述中心线 (X) 之间的夹角为 30度〜 60度。
20、 一种减振轨道系统, 其特征在于, 该减振轨道系统包括根据上述权 利要求中任意一项所述的纵向轨枕, 以及沿所述纵向轨枕的长度方向安装在 所述纵向轨枕中的所述一对预应力混凝土纵向梁上的钢轨 ( 20 )。
21、 根据权利要求 20所述的减振轨道系统, 其特征在于, 通过扣件和 所述预应力混凝土纵向梁(1) 内的预埋套管(5) 的接合, 将所述钢轨(20) 安装到所述预应力混凝土纵向梁 (1) 上。
22、 根据权利要求 20所述的减振轨道系统, 其特征在于, 所述减振轨 道系统包括支座(30), 所述预应力混凝土纵向梁(1)安装在所述支座(30) 上。
23、根据权利要求 22所述的减振轨道系统,其特征在于,所述支座(30) 形成为具有底部 (31)和侧部 (32) 的 L形, 所述预应力混凝土纵向梁 (1) 坐落在所述支座 (30) 的底部 (31) 上, 且外侧抵靠所述支座 (30) 的侧部
(32)。
24、 根据权利要求 23所述的减振轨道系统, 其特征在于, 在所述预应 力混凝土纵向梁 (1) 与所述支座 (30) 的底部 (31) 之间布置有减振材料 垫 (3) 或者减振装置。
25、 根据权利要求 24所述的减振轨道系统, 其特征在于, 在所述预应 力混凝土纵向梁 (1 ) 与所述支座 (30) 的侧部 (32) 之间布置有缓冲材料 垫 (4)。
26、 根据权利要求 24或 25所述的减振轨道系统, 其特征在于, 所述减 振材料垫 (3 ) 和所述缓冲材料垫 (4) 由弹性材料制成。
27、 根据权利要求 26所述的减振轨道系统, 其特征在于, 所述预应力 混凝土纵向梁 (1 ) 的内侧间隔设置有支墩 (12), 该支墩 (12)抵靠所述混 凝土连接板 (2)。
28、 根据权利要求 27所述的减振轨道系统, 其特征在于, 在所述混凝 土连接板 (2) 与所述支墩 (12) 之间布置有缓冲材料垫 (4)。
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