WO2011090093A1 - 車両の走行システムおよびその走行方法 - Google Patents
車両の走行システムおよびその走行方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011090093A1 WO2011090093A1 PCT/JP2011/050923 JP2011050923W WO2011090093A1 WO 2011090093 A1 WO2011090093 A1 WO 2011090093A1 JP 2011050923 W JP2011050923 W JP 2011050923W WO 2011090093 A1 WO2011090093 A1 WO 2011090093A1
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- point
- vehicle
- travel route
- loading
- standby
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 230000006854 communication Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
- G05D1/02—Control of position or course in two dimensions
- G05D1/021—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
- G05D1/0276—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using signals provided by a source external to the vehicle
- G05D1/0278—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using signals provided by a source external to the vehicle using satellite positioning signals, e.g. GPS
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
- G05D1/02—Control of position or course in two dimensions
- G05D1/021—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
- G05D1/0268—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using internal positioning means
- G05D1/027—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using internal positioning means comprising intertial navigation means, e.g. azimuth detector
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
- G05D1/02—Control of position or course in two dimensions
- G05D1/021—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
- G05D1/0268—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using internal positioning means
- G05D1/0272—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using internal positioning means comprising means for registering the travel distance, e.g. revolutions of wheels
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a traveling system for a vehicle and a traveling method thereof, and in particular, generates a traveling route in which the vehicle travels from an entry point of a loading field to a loading point where a loading machine exists, and the generated traveling route is
- the present invention relates to a vehicle traveling system and a traveling method for traveling a vehicle along a vehicle.
- manned vehicles such as manned personnel are used to avoid accidents caused by worker fatigue, save labor, and improve productivity by extending work time.
- An unmanned vehicle traveling system for operating an unmanned dump truck is introduced instead of the off-road dump truck.
- the work site where the unmanned dump truck travels includes areas such as a loading site 1 and a dumping site 301. These areas are connected to each other by a lead-in line or an intersection from the prepared transport path called the hall load 302 or the hall load 302 called the access load 303 to each area.
- a loading place 1 which is one of the areas is a place where soil and sand are loaded into a dump truck (referred to as a vehicle in the present invention), such as a wheel loader (front end loader), a backhoe, and an excavator (for example, a hydraulic excavator).
- Excavation work by a work vehicle (referred to as a loader in the present invention) and earth and sand loading work on a dump truck are performed.
- Fig. 1 (a) shows loading place 1.
- a travel route 10 for traveling the vehicle 20 from the entrance point 11 of the loading field 1 to the loading point 12 where the loader 30 exists is generated, and the generated travel The vehicle 20 is travel-controlled along the route 10.
- the vehicle 20 reaches the loading point 12 from the entry point 11 via the switchback point 13 in the vicinity of the loading point 12.
- switchback is not necessarily required depending on the form of loading.
- an arc may be drawn from the entrance point 11 toward the loader 30 to leave the loading place 1.
- the loading machine 30, such as a wheel loader, moves to a new excavation site, and therefore the loading point 12 sequentially varies.
- the reason for “moving etc.” is that the loading machine 30 itself does not move and the loading point 12 may be changed by turning the working machine (bucket).
- the loading point 12 may move without the loader 30 moving due to the approach angle with respect to the loader 30 being changed by turning the working machine or the like. That is, the loading point 12 is changed due to the cause of the following three cases.
- the movement of the loading machine 30 is completed, a new loading point 12 'is determined, and a new travel route 10' is generated.
- the vehicle 20 is stopped before the entrance point 11 of the loading place 1, and after the new travel route 10 'is generated, the vehicle 20 is caused to enter the loading place 1 and travel along the new travel route 10'. I was doing.
- Patent Document 1 when there is a change in the position of the loading point, a branch point corresponding to the changed position is set on the travel route, and a branch route reaching the loading point after the position change is generated. Like to do. Japanese Patent No. 2920017
- the production efficiency refers to the efficiency (cycle time) of reciprocating travel when a load quarried at a quarry site or the like is moved from the loading place 1 to another place using the vehicle 20.
- the waiting time accumulates, and thus the production efficiency further decreases.
- a traveling system is constructed that keeps the vehicle 20 running as close as possible to the loader 30 without stopping (without waiting time) as much as possible regardless of the moving position of the loader 30. It is desirable to do.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and even when the loading machine 12 is moved or the like and the loading point 12 is sequentially changed, the loading point 12 ′ is surely changed.
- the problem to be solved is to improve the production efficiency by causing the vehicle 20 to travel and to keep the vehicle 20 traveling as close as possible to the loader 30 without stopping the vehicle 20 as much as possible (without waiting time). Is.
- the position of the branch point is not a fixed point, and the position of the branch point cannot be predicted in advance. For this reason, in the end, in preparation for a change in the position of the loading point, the vehicle must wait in front of the entrance point of the loading point, and a reduction in production efficiency cannot be avoided.
- the first invention is In a vehicle travel system that generates a travel route of a vehicle on which the vehicle travels from an entry point of a loading site to a load point where a loader exists, and travels the vehicle along the generated travel route, Based on the position information of the loading point and the position information of the entrance point, traveling route generating means for generating a traveling route from the entrance point to the loading point via the standby point near the loading point; First travel control means for causing the vehicle to travel from the entry point to the standby point along the travel route based on the travel route information generated by the travel route generation means; Standby means for waiting the vehicle at the standby point until permission is obtained from the loader; If the loader instructs the control device or / and the vehicle to change the position of the loading point while the vehicle is waiting at the waiting point or traveling from the entry point to the waiting point, Based on the position information of the loading point after the change and the position information of the standby point on the travel route before the loading point moves, a partial traveling route from the standby point to the loading
- Partial travel route generating means If the loader does not give instructions to change the position of the loading point while the vehicle is waiting at the waiting point and traveling from the entrance point to the waiting point, Based on the travel route information generated by the route generation means, the vehicle travels from the standby point to the loading point along the travel route, The partial travel route generated by the partial travel route generation means when there is an instruction to change the position of the loading point while the vehicle is waiting at the standby point or while traveling from the entrance point to the standby point And a second travel control means for causing the vehicle to travel along the partial travel route from the standby point to the loading point after the position change.
- the second invention is the first invention, Applicable when running multiple vehicles sequentially along the route,
- the partial traveling route generation means generates a partial traveling route from the standby point to the loading point after the position change.
- the travel route generating means generates a travel route from the entrance point to the loading point after the position change via the standby point at a position different from the standby point on the partial travel route, About the preceding vehicle, while traveling along the partial travel route from the standby point to the loading point after the position change based on the information of the partial travel route generated by the partial travel route generation means, For the following vehicle, traveling along the travel route from the entrance point to the standby point at a position different from the standby point on the partial travel route based on the travel route information generated by the travel route generating means.
- the third invention is the first invention or the second invention
- the vehicle is an unmanned vehicle
- the loader is a manned vehicle
- a control device Communication means for performing transmission and reception between the control device and the vehicle and between the control device and the loader are provided in the vehicle, the control device, and the loader, respectively.
- the loader sends a position change instruction to the controller
- the control device generates a travel route and a partial travel route according to the position change instruction transmitted from the loader
- the control device transmits information on the travel route and the partial travel route to the vehicle
- the vehicle travels based on the travel route and partial travel route information transmitted from the control device, and waits until permission is obtained from the loader at the standby point.
- the fourth invention is In a traveling method of a vehicle that generates a traveling route of a vehicle on which the vehicle travels from an entrance point of a loading place to a loading point where a loading machine exists, and travels the vehicle along the generated traveling route. Based on the position information of the loading point and the position information of the entrance point, generate a travel route from the entrance point to the loading point via the standby point near the loading point, Based on the generated travel route information, the vehicle travels from the entrance point to the standby point along the travel route, Let the vehicle wait until it gets permission from the loader at the waiting point, If the loader instructs the control device or / and the vehicle to change the position of the loading point while the vehicle is waiting at the waiting point or traveling from the entry point to the waiting point, Based on the position information of the loading point after the change and the position information of the standby point on the travel route before the loading point moves, a partial traveling path from the standby point to the loading point after the position change is generated.
- the vehicle travels from the standby point to the loading point along the travel route,
- the partial travel route generated by the partial travel route generation means when there is an instruction to change the position of the loading point while the vehicle is waiting at the standby point or while traveling from the entrance point to the standby point
- the vehicle is caused to travel along the partial travel route from the standby point to the loading point after the position change.
- a fifth invention is the fourth invention, Applicable when running multiple vehicles sequentially along the route,
- the partial traveling route generation means generates a partial traveling route from the standby point to the loading point after the position change.
- the travel route generating means generates a travel route from the entrance point to the loading point after the position change via the standby point at a position different from the standby point on the partial travel route, About the preceding vehicle, while traveling along the partial travel route from the standby point to the loading point after the position change based on the partial travel route information generated by the partial travel route generation means, For the following vehicle, traveling along the travel route from the entrance point to a standby point at a position different from the standby point on the partial travel route based on the travel route information generated by the travel route generating means.
- a standby point 14 is set on the travel route 10 as a point to wait until the vehicle 20 obtains permission from the loader 30.
- the switchback point 13 is set as the standby point 14.
- the vehicle 20 travels along the travel route 10 from the entrance point 11 of the loading place 1 to the standby point 14 and waits until permission is obtained from the loader 30 at the standby point 14.
- the traveling route terminal portion is left as it is. It travels from the standby point 14 to the loading point 12 along 10a (FIG. 2A).
- a partial travel route 15 from the standby point 14 to the loaded point 12 ′ after the position change is generated, and the standby on the partial travel route 15 from the entrance point 11.
- a new travel route 10 ′ is generated via the standby point 14 ′ at a position different from the point 14 and reaching the loading point 12 ′ after the position change.
- the preceding vehicle 20 is partially driven on the condition that there is an instruction to change the position of the loading point 12 while waiting at the standby point 14 or while traveling from the entrance point 11 to the standby point 14.
- the vehicle travels along the route 15 from the standby point 14 to the loading point 12 'after the position change.
- the following vehicle 20' travels along the new travel route 10 'and starts from the entrance point 11 to the partial travel route.
- the vehicle travels to a standby point 14 ′ at a position different from the standby point 14 on 15.
- the following vehicle 20 ′ waits at the standby point 14 ′, and either the new partial travel route (not shown) or the original travel route terminal portion 10′a, depending on whether or not the position of the loading point 12 ′ is changed. To drive.
- the vehicles 20, 20 ′ are unmanned vehicles
- the loader 30 is a manned vehicle
- the control device 40 (FIG. 3) is provided separately from these vehicles 20, 20 ′, the loader 30. Provided.
- the loading machine 30 transmits information indicating an instruction to change the position of the loading point to the control device 40.
- control device 40 In response to this, the control device 40 generates the travel routes 10, 10 ′ and the partial travel route 15 according to the position change instruction transmitted from the loader 30.
- the control device 40 transmits information on the travel routes 10, 10 ′ and the partial travel route 15 to the vehicles 20, 20 ′.
- the vehicles 20 and 20 ′ travel based on the information on the travel routes 10, 10 ′ and the partial travel route 15 transmitted from the control device 40 and obtain travel permission from the loader 30 at the standby points 14 and 14 ′. stand by. In addition, since it is “waiting until travel permission is obtained”, it does not necessarily stop at the standby points 14 and 14 ′. If traveling permission is obtained, the vehicle may pass through the vehicle without stopping at the standby points 14 and 14 '(do not wait).
- control apparatus 40 may make it give the function of the control apparatus 40 to the loader 30 or vehicles 20,20 '. In this case, communication of information is directly performed between the loader 30 and the vehicles 20 and 20 '.
- the fourth and fifth inventions are the same as the first and second inventions, respectively.
- the vehicle 20 is made to wait at the standby point 14, and if there is a change in the position of the loading point 12, the partial travel route from the standby point 14 to the loading point 12 'after the position change. 15 is generated so that the vehicle 20 travels along the partial travel route 15, so even if the loader 30 moves or the load point 12 is sequentially changed, the change is surely made.
- the vehicle 20 can be made to travel toward the loaded loading point 12.
- the standby point 14 is set near the loading point 12 and the vehicle 20 can travel to the standby point 14 without stopping. Therefore, the vehicle 20 is stopped as much as possible (without waiting time) as much as possible.
- the vehicle can continue to run toward 30. This improves the production efficiency.
- the waiting time is reduced, so that the production efficiency is further improved.
- the standby position 14 'for the following vehicle 20' is more optimal for the new loading point 12 '. In other words, it can be set to a position that is closer and can be reached in a shorter time.
- the travel route 10 ′ travels. It is more efficient in traveling, such as shorter distance traveled. The optimality of the course between the waiting point and the loading point contributes to productivity, and the production efficiency can be further improved.
- the preceding vehicle 20 and the following vehicle 20 ′ can continuously travel in the loading field 1 without interference, and from this point, improvement in productivity is expected.
- Embodiments of a vehicle traveling system according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
- an unmanned off-road dump truck is assumed as the vehicle.
- a manned excavator is assumed as the loader.
- the present invention can be applied not only to a hydraulic excavator but also to other types of loaders such as a backhoe, an excavator, and a wheel loader.
- the work site includes areas such as a loading site 1, a soil discharge site 301, a gas station (not shown), and a parking station (not shown). These areas are connected to each other by a lead-in line or an intersection from the prepared transport path called the hall load 302 or the hall load 302 called the access load 303 to each area.
- the loading area 1 which is one of the areas is a place where the work is loaded with earth and sand, and excavation work and dumping by a loader such as a wheel loader (front end loader), a backhoe, and an excavator (for example, a hydraulic excavator). Loading of earth and sand into the truck is performed.
- a loader such as a wheel loader (front end loader), a backhoe, and an excavator (for example, a hydraulic excavator).
- a loader such as a wheel loader (front end loader), a backhoe, and an excavator (for example, a hydraulic excavator). Loading of earth and sand into the truck is performed.
- Fig. 2 is a top view of the loading area 1.
- the vehicle 20 is guided to travel along the travel route 10 and travels in the loading field 1 from the entrance point 11 to the loading point 12 where the manned loading machine 30 exists.
- the entrance point 11 is a point set in advance, and is a point where the hall load where the vehicle 20 travels and the loading place 1 intersect.
- a standby point 14 is set on the travel route 10 as a point to wait until the vehicle 20 obtains permission from the loader 30.
- the switchback point 13 is set as the standby point 14.
- the switchback point 13 is set as the standby point 14, but the standby point 14 is not necessarily limited to the switchback point 13.
- a point on the travel route 10 that is a fixed distance (set value) away from the loading point 12 is often set as the standby point 14.
- the switchback point 13 is nearer the loading point 12, the switchback point 13 is set as the standby point 14.
- the wheel loader is the loader 30
- an assumed work area of the wheel loader is created based on the position of the loading point 12 and the set size, and between the entrance point 11 and the loading point 12, In many cases, the standby point 14 is set at the position where the assumed work area first interferes. However, when the switchback point 13 is closer to the entrance point 11 than the interference position, the switchback point 13 is set as the standby point 14.
- a travel route without switchback may be generated.
- the travel route 10 is a route along which the vehicle 20 travels from the entrance point 11 to the loading point 12 via the standby point 14 in the vicinity of the loading point 12.
- a travel route from the standby point 14 to the loading point 12 in the travel route 10 is referred to as a “travel route termination portion 10a”.
- the travel route 10 is generated based on the position information of the loading point 12 and the position information of the entrance point 11.
- a "dash” is attached
- the vehicle 20 enters the loading place 1 from the entrance point 11, goes to the standby point 14 (switchback point 13), switches back at the standby point 14 (switchback point 13), and is the loading point 12. Stopping at the stop point (spot point), the earth and sand (load) is loaded onto the loading platform by the working machine (bucket) 30a of the loader 30.
- the vehicle 20 is a front wheel steering vehicle in which a driver's seat (cab) is provided in front of the vehicle body, a cargo bed (bessel, body) is provided in the rear of the vehicle body, and front wheels and rear wheels are provided.
- a driver's seat cab
- a cargo bed bessel, body
- front wheels and rear wheels are provided.
- the traveling direction of the vehicle 20 changes from the forward direction to the reverse direction.
- the vehicle 20 enters in a reverse state toward the loading point 12 (stop point; spot point) 12.
- a new travel route 10 ′ from the entry point 11 to the loading point 12 ′ after the position change is generated.
- the standby point 14 ′ on the travel route 10 ′ generated later is set at a position different from the standby point 14 on the travel route 10 generated earlier (see FIG. 2B).
- a travel route from the standby point 14 ′ to the loading point 12 ′ after the position change is referred to as a “travel route termination unit 10 ′ a”.
- a partial travel route 15 from the standby point 14 to the loading point 12 'after the position change is generated.
- the partial travel route 15 is created based on the position information of the loading point 12 ′ after the position change and the position information of the standby point 14 on the travel route 10.
- FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of the vehicle travel system of the embodiment.
- “dash” is added to the reference numeral “20” in order to distinguish the vehicles.
- a control device 40 for managing and monitoring a large number of vehicles 20, 20 ′ is provided.
- the control device 40 is provided with a communication device 41, a processing device 42, an input device 43, a storage device 44, and a display device 45.
- the vehicles 20 and 20 ′ are provided with a communication device 21, a processing device 22, a position measurement device 23, a control device 24, and a storage device 25.
- the loader 30 is provided with a communication device 31, a processing device 32, an input device 33, a storage device 34, a position measuring device 35, and a display device 36.
- the position measurement device 23 for the vehicles 20 and 20 ' measures its own vehicle position.
- the vehicle position is measured based on the output signal of the tire rotational speed sensor and the output signal of the gyro.
- the vehicle position may be measured by receiving a signal transmitted from a GPS satellite with a GPS antenna and detecting it with a GPS sensor.
- the position information measured by the vehicles 20, 20 ′ is processed by the processing device 22 and transmitted to the control device 40 via the communication device 21.
- the communication device 41 of the control device 40 receives position information transmitted from a plurality of vehicles 20, 20 ′.
- the received position information is used for management and monitoring of the plurality of vehicles 20, 20 ′, and for generation of the travel routes 10, 10 ′ and the partial travel route 15.
- the loading point 12 fluctuates sequentially.
- the reason for “moving etc.” is that the loading machine 30 itself does not move, and the loading point 12 may be changed by turning the working machine (bucket) 30a. That is, as shown in FIG. 6, the loading position of the loading machine 30 exists at each position where the working machine 30a is turned left and right with respect to the vehicle body 30b.
- the left and right turning positions are referred to as a left loading point 12L and a right loading point 12R, respectively.
- an excavator sometimes takes double-sided loading. In this case, the two vehicles 20 approach the loading machine 30 alternately on the left and right.
- the excavator that is the loader 30 holds the left and right separate traveling routes 10L and 10R simultaneously.
- the right loading point 12R is designated again, only the right side is changed from the old standby point 14R before the position change.
- the travel route 10R up to the new loading point 12R is made, and the loading point 12L of the left traveling route 10L is not changed and the left traveling route 10L is not affected.
- both sides loading is not selected as a loading form, and when the right loading point 12R is changed to the left loading point 12L, The loading point 12 is treated as having changed.
- the position of the loader 30 is measured.
- the processing device 32 measures the position information of the loading point 12 based on the measured position of the own loading machine 30, and the position of the loading point 12 is changed.
- the information of the position change instruction having the content “the position of the loading point 12 has been changed” is generated.
- the position information of the loading point 12 and the information on the position change instruction (hereinafter referred to as position change instruction information) are transmitted to the control device 40 via the communication device 31.
- the loader 30 is a manned vehicle, the operator of the loader 30 manually performs an operation to instruct a change in the position of the loading point 12.
- the communication device 41 of the control device 40 receives the position information and position change instruction information of the loading point 12 transmitted from the loader 30.
- the received position information and position change instruction information of the loading point 12 are used for management and monitoring of the loader 30 and used for generating the travel routes 10, 10 ′ and the partial travel route 15.
- the input device 43 of the control device 40 is necessary for generating the travel routes 10, 10 ′ and the partial travel route 15 such as the range of the loading place 1 where the vehicles 20, 20 ′ should travel, the position and direction of the entrance point 11
- the known data of the loading place 1 is input.
- the vehicle position information transmitted from the vehicles 20, 20 ′, the position information of the loading point 12 and the position change instruction information transmitted from the loader 30, and the known loading site 1 are known.
- the travel routes 10, 10 'and the partial travel route 15 are generated, and a travel command is generated.
- the travel command is data having the content of instructing which of the travel routes 10, 10 ′ and the partial travel route 15 the vehicle 20, 20 ′ should travel.
- the generated travel route 10, 10 ′, information on the partial travel route 15 and the travel command are transmitted to the vehicles 20, 20 ′ via the communication device 41.
- the communication device 21 of the vehicles 20, 20 ′ receives the information on the travel routes 10, 10 ′, the partial travel route 15 and the travel command transmitted from the control device 40.
- the storage device 25 stores information on the travel routes 10 and 10 ′ and the partial travel route 15 and travel commands transmitted from the control device 40.
- the processing device 22 of the vehicles 20 and 20 ′ generates a control command for traveling and steering the own vehicle 20 and 20 ′ based on the information on the travel routes 10 and 10 ′ and the partial travel route 15 and the travel command. These control commands are output to the control device 24. As a result, the control device 24 controls the travel and steering of the vehicles 20 and 20 ′, and the vehicles 20 and 20 ′ are traveled and steered along the travel routes 10 and 10 ′ and the partial travel route 15.
- FIG. 4A is a flowchart showing a procedure of processing performed by the control device 40
- FIG. 4B is a flowchart showing a procedure of processing performed by the vehicle 20.
- control device 40 generates a travel route 10 from the entrance point 11 to the current loading point 12 based on the current position information of the loading point 12, and the generated traveling route 10 information and “ A travel command indicating that the vehicle should travel along the travel route 10 is transmitted to the vehicle 20 (step 101).
- step 102 it is determined whether or not there has been an instruction to change the position of the loading point 12 from the loader 30 (step 102).
- Step 103 whether or not there is a margin is determined by whether or not the vehicle 20 has a time margin for receiving a new traveling command and switching from the entry point 11 to the new traveling route 10 ′ to control traveling. That is, the vehicle 20 needs to receive a travel command for the travel route 10 or 10 ′ sufficiently before the entrance point 11 in order not to temporarily stop or decelerate at the entrance point 11. Therefore, even if the vehicle 20 has not yet reached the entry point 11, if the travel command for the travel route 10 has already been received and the vehicle 20 has started travel control based on this, the new travel route 10 Switching to 'becomes impossible.
- step 104 when it is determined that the vehicle 20 has a margin to travel from the entry point 11 according to the new travel command (determination YES in step 103), based on the position information of the loading point 12 'after the position change, A new travel route 10 ′ from the entrance point 11 to the loading point 12 ′ after the position change is generated, and information on the generated new travel route 10 ′ and “run along this new travel route 10 ′” Is transmitted to the vehicle 20 (step 104).
- the standby is performed based on the position information of the loading point 12 'after the position change.
- a partial travel route 15 from the point 14 to the loading point 12 ′ after the position change is generated, and information on the partial travel route 15 and a travel command of “run along this partial travel route 15” are issued to the vehicle. 20 is transmitted (step 105).
- step 201 it is determined whether or not the vehicle arrives at the entrance point 11 of the loading place 1 (step 201).
- the travel route information received from the control device 40 and currently acquired According to the command the vehicle starts traveling from the entrance point 11. If the information on the travel route 10 and the travel command of “run along this travel route 10” are currently acquired, along the travel route 10 according to the acquired information and the travel command. Then, traveling starts from the entrance point 11 (FIG. 2A).
- step 203 it is determined whether or not the vehicle has arrived at the standby point 14 (step 203). As a result, when it is determined that the vehicle has arrived at the standby point 14 (YES at step 203), the standby point 14 is waited until an instruction for permitting traveling is received from the loader 30.
- the loader 30 performs leveling work, loading position movement work, and the like at the loading point 12. Since this operation varies depending on the situation and the skill level of the operator, it cannot be predicted by the system. Therefore, the vehicle 20 waits until the loader 30 is ready to receive the vehicle 20 at the loading point 12 and there is an instruction from the operator of the loader 30. If this process is automated, there is a possibility that the vehicle 20 has already departed from the standby point 14 toward the old loading point 12 when the position of the next loading point 12 is instructed. Therefore, an instruction from the operator of the loader 30 is surely waited. As will be described later, when the loading machine 30 is already prepared, the operator of the loading machine 30 issues an instruction for the loading point 12 while the vehicle 20 is traveling toward the standby point 14.
- the vehicle 20 does not need to stop at the standby point 14 as long as the travel permission instruction is received.
- the vehicle 20 may continue to travel. In this case, the vehicle 20 continues to travel to the loading point 12 without stopping at the standby point 14.
- the vehicle 20 stops but continues running immediately after the temporary stop.
- step 204 information on the partial travel route 15 and a travel command of the content “run along this partial travel route 15” are acquired from the control device 40. It is determined whether or not it has been done (step 204).
- the vehicle 20 While the vehicle 20 is stopped at the standby point 14, or before the stop, the information on the partial travel route 15 and the travel command of the content “run along this partial travel route 15” are not acquired from the control device 40. If this happens (NO at step 204), the vehicle starts traveling from the standby point 14 toward the loading point 12 along the original travel route 10 (step 205).
- step 204 the vehicle starts traveling along the partial travel route 15 from the standby point 14 toward the loading point 12 'after the position change (step 206; FIG. 2 ( b)).
- the vehicle 20 is made to wait until the permission is obtained from the loader 30 at the standby point 14, and if there is a change in the position of the loading point 12, the partial travel route from the standby point 14 to the loading point 12 ′ after the position change 15 is generated so that the vehicle 20 travels along the partial travel route 15, so even if the loader 30 moves or the load point 12 is sequentially changed, the change is surely made.
- the vehicle 20 can be made to travel toward the loaded loading point 12.
- the standby point 14 is set near the loading point 12 and the vehicle 20 can travel to the standby point 14 without stopping. Therefore, the vehicle 20 is stopped as much as possible (without waiting time) as much as possible. It is possible to continue to run close to 30. This improves the production efficiency.
- vehicle 20 may be read as “plural vehicles 20, 20 ′”.
- the waiting time is not accumulated, so that the production efficiency is further improved.
- there is a measure for causing the vehicles 20 and 20' to travel so that the vehicles do not interfere with each other at the loading point 12 or the like. Be taken.
- control device 40 and the vehicles 20 and 20 ′ may be processed according to the flowcharts shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B.
- FIGS. 5A and 5B a different part of FIG. 5 from the process of FIG. 4A will be described.
- steps 103 ′, 104 ′, 105 ′, 106, and 107 are performed instead of steps 103, 104, and 105 in FIG.
- steps 207 and 208 are performed before step 201 of FIG. 4B.
- step 103 ' it is determined whether or not the vehicle 20 closest to the current loading point 12 is present in front of the entrance point 11 and there is room to travel from the entrance point 11 according to a new travel command (step 103 ').
- a new travel command determination YES in step 103 ′
- the position is changed from the entrance point 11.
- a new travel route 10 ′ that reaches the subsequent loading point 12 ′ is generated, and information on the generated new travel route 10 ′ and a travel command of “run along this new travel route 10 ′” are issued. It transmits toward all the vehicles 20 and 20 '(step 104').
- step 106 If it is determined that the vehicle 20 closest to the current loading point 12 cannot travel from the entrance point 11 in accordance with a new travel command (determination NO in step 103 ′), after the vehicle 20 following the preceding vehicle 20 An entry point standby command for forcibly causing the vehicle 20 'to travel to stand by before the entry point 11 is sent (step 106).
- the vehicle 20 ′ following the entry point standby command waits before the entry point 11 (steps 207 and 208).
- a partial travel route 15 from the standby point 14 to the loading point 12 ′ after the position change is generated, and information on the partial travel route 15 and “travel along this partial travel route 15” are provided. Is transmitted toward the preceding vehicle 20 (step 105 ').
- control device 40 generates a new travel route 10 ′ from the entry point 11 to the loading point 12 ′ after the position change, and information on the generated new travel route 10 ′ and “this new travel route 10 ′.
- a travel command with the content “run along the road” is transmitted to the following vehicle 20 ′ (step 107).
- the vehicle 20 ′ following the travel command travels along the travel route 10 ′ newer than the entrance point 11 (steps 208, 201, 202).
- the preceding vehicle 20 is required to be instructed to change the position of the loading point 12 while waiting at the standby point 14 or while traveling from the entrance point 11 to the standby point 14.
- the vehicle travels along the partial travel route 15 from the standby point 14 to the loading point 12 ′ after the position change, but the following vehicle 20 ′ travels along the new travel route 10 ′ and enters the entry point 11.
- the following vehicle 20 ′ similarly waits at the standby point 14 ′, and selects either a new partial travel route (not shown) or the original travel route 10 ′ depending on whether or not the position of the loading point 12 ′ is changed.
- Drive steps 204, 205, 206).
- the preceding vehicle 20 travels along the partial travel route 15 from the standby point 14 to the loading point 12 'after the position change, but the following vehicle 20 About ′, the vehicle travels along a new travel route 10 ′ to a standby point 14 ′ at a position different from the standby point 14 of the preceding vehicle 20.
- the standby position 14 'for the following vehicle 20' is more optimal for the new loading point 12 '. In other words, it can be set to a position that is closer and can be reached in a shorter time.
- the travel efficiency is improved, for example, the travel distance is shorter when traveling on the travel route 10 '. good. It is the travel time between the standby point and the loading point that has a great influence on productivity. That is, normally, during the loading of the preceding vehicle 20, the succeeding vehicle 20 reaches the standby point 14 and waits for an instruction from the operator of the loader 30, so the travel time between the standby point and the loading point is Long and short affects productivity. The optimality of the course between the waiting point and the loading point contributes to productivity, and the production efficiency can be further improved.
- the preceding vehicle 20 and the following vehicle 20 ′ can continuously travel in the loading field 1 without interference, and from this point, improvement in productivity is expected.
- the switchback point 13 is determined as the standby point 14. However, it can be set at any point as long as it is on the travel route 10 and is close to the loading point 12 and should wait until the vehicle 20 obtains permission from the loading machine 30. For example, a point that is a predetermined distance away from the loading point 12 may be determined as the standby point 14. Further, among the switchback point 13 and a point away from the loading point 12 by a predetermined distance, the point closest to the loading point 12 may be determined as the standby point 14.
- the vehicle 20 is uniformly stopped at the standby point 14. However, it is only necessary to “wait until the travel permission is obtained”, and it does not necessarily stop at the standby points 14 and 14 ′. If traveling permission is obtained, the vehicle may pass through the vehicle without stopping at the standby points 14 and 14 '(do not wait). That is, the vehicle 20 may be traveled toward the loading point 12 as it is without stopping at the standby point 14 depending on the situation. For example, when the vehicle 20 approaches the standby point 14, the operator of the loader 30 is requested to approve “whether it is not necessary to stop at the standby point 14”.
- the loading machine 30 when the loading machine 30 is ready for loading into the vehicle 20, permission is given to the effect that “the vehicle may travel toward the loading point 12 without stopping at the standby point 14”. Transmit to the vehicle 20. In response to this, the vehicle 20 continues to travel toward the loading point 12 without stopping at the standby point 14.
- a series of communication processes may be performed directly between the vehicle 20 and the loader 30 or may be performed via the control device 40.
- the time point when the vehicle 20 requests the loader 30 for the above-described approval may be set when the distance from the vehicle 20 to the standby point 14 reaches a predetermined distance, and the vehicle 20 arrives at the standby point 14. You may set to the time of the expected time until reaching a predetermined time.
- the position change information is sent from the loader 30 to the control device 40, and the travel command is sent from the control device 40 to the vehicle 20.
- the functions of the control device 40 are added. It is also possible to carry out the direct communication between the loader 30 and the vehicle 20 by holding the loader 30 or the vehicle 20.
- FIGS. 1A and 1B are top views of the loading field, which are used to explain the prior art.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B are top views of the loading field, which are used to explain the embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the vehicle travel system of the embodiment.
- FIGS. 4A and 4B are flowcharts showing the processing procedure of the first embodiment.
- FIGS. 5A and 5B are flowcharts showing the processing procedure of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a top view showing a state in which two vehicles approach the left and right of the loader alternately when taking both-side loading as a loading form.
- FIG. 7 is a top view of the work site.
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Abstract
Description
2)移動のみ
3)旋回のみ
車両20が積込点12に向って走行中に 積込点12が変わってしまうことがよくある。積込点12が変わると、それに対応する新しい走行経路10´(図1(b)に破線にて示す)に沿って車両20を走行させて新たな積込点12´まで導く必要がある。
積込場の入口点から積込機が存在する積込点まで車両が走行する車両の走行経路を生成し、生成された走行経路に沿って車両を走行させる車両の走行システムにおいて、
積込点の位置情報と入口点の位置情報に基づき、入口点から積込点の近傍の待機点を経由して積込点に至る走行経路を生成する走行経路生成手段と、
走行経路生成手段によって生成された走行経路の情報に基づき車両を走行経路に沿って、入口点から待機点まで走行させる第1の走行制御手段と、
車両を待機点で積込機から許可を得るまで待機させる待機手段と、
車両が待機点で待機中に、あるいは入口点から待機点までの間を走行中に、積込機から管制装置または/および車両に積込点の位置変更の指示があった場合に、当該位置変更後の積込点の位置情報と積込点が移動する前の前記走行経路上の待機点の位置情報に基づき、待機点から当該位置変更後の積込点までの部分走行経路を生成する部分走行経路生成手段と、
車両が待機点で待機中に、および入口点から待機点までの間を走行中に、積込機から管制装置または/および車両に積込点の位置変更の指示がなかった場合には、走行経路生成手段によって生成された走行経路の情報に基づき車両を走行経路に沿って、待機点から積込点まで走行させるとともに、
車両が待機点で待機中に、あるいは入口点から待機点までの間を走行中に、積込点の位置変更の指示があった場合には、部分走行経路生成手段によって生成された部分走行経路の情報に基づき車両を部分走行経路に沿って待機点から位置変更後の積込点まで走行させる第2の走行制御手段と
を備えたことを特徴とする。
複数の車両を走行経路に沿って順次走行させる場合に適用され、
積込機から管制装置または/および車両に積込点の位置変更の指示があった場合には、部分走行経路生成手段により、待機点から当該位置変更後の積込点までの部分走行経路を生成するとともに、
走行経路生成手段により、入口点から、前記部分走行経路上の待機点とは異なる位置の待機点を経由して位置変更後の積込点に至る走行経路を生成し、
先行する車両については、部分走行経路生成手段によって生成された部分走行経路の情報に基づき部分走行経路に沿って当該待機点から位置変更後の積込点まで走行させるとともに、
後行する車両については、走行経路生成手段によって生成された走行経路の情報に基づき走行経路に沿って、入口点から前記部分走行経路上の待機点とは異なる位置の待機点まで走行させること
を特徴とする。
車両は、無人車両であり、積込機は、有人車両であり、
管制装置が設けられ、
管制装置と車両との間で、および管制装置と積込機との間で、送受信を行う通信手段が車両、管制装置、積込機に各々設けられ、
積込機は、位置変更の指示を管制装置に送信し、
管制装置は、積込機から送信された位置変更指示に従い走行経路および部分走行経路を生成し、
管制装置は、走行経路および部分走行経路の情報を車両に送信し、
車両は、管制装置から送信された走行経路および部分走行経路の情報に基づき走行するとともに、待機点で積込機から許可を得るまで待機すること
を特徴とする。
積込場の入口点から積込機が存在する積込点まで車両が走行する車両の走行経路を生成し、生成された走行経路に沿って車両を走行させる車両の走行方法において、
積込点の位置情報と入口点の位置情報に基づき、入口点から積込点の近傍の待機点を経由して積込点に至る走行経路を生成し、
当該生成された走行経路の情報に基づき車両を走行経路に沿って、入口点から待機点まで走行させ、
車両を待機点で積込機から許可を得るまで待機させ、
車両が待機点で待機中に、あるいは入口点から待機点までの間を走行中に、積込機から管制装置または/および車両に積込点の位置変更の指示があった場合に、当該位置変更後の積込点の位置情報と積込点が移動する前の前記走行経路上の待機点の位置情報に基づき、待機点から当該位置変更後の積込点までの部分走行経路を生成し、
車両が待機点で待機中に、および入口点から待機点までの間を走行中に、積込機から管制装置または/および車両に積込点の位置変更の指示がなかった場合には、走行経路生成手段によって生成された走行経路の情報に基づき車両を走行経路に沿って、待機点から積込点まで走行させるとともに、
車両が待機点で待機中に、あるいは入口点から待機点までの間を走行中に、積込点の位置変更の指示があった場合には、部分走行経路生成手段によって生成された部分走行経路の情報に基づき車両を部分走行経路に沿って待機点から位置変更後の積込点まで走行させる ことを特徴とする。
複数の車両を走行経路に沿って順次走行させる場合に適用され、
積込機から管制装置または/および車両に積込点の位置変更の指示があった場合には、部分走行経路生成手段により、待機点から当該位置変更後の積込点までの部分走行経路を生成するとともに、
走行経路生成手段により、入口点から、前記部分走行経路上の待機点とは異なる位置の待機点を経由して位置変更後の積込点に至る走行経路を生成し、
先行する車両については、部分走行経路生成手段によって生成された部分走行経路の情報に基づき部分走行経路に沿って当該待機点から位置変更後の積込点まで走行させるとともに、
後行する車両については、走行経路生成手段によって生成された走行経路の情報に基づき走行経路に沿って、入口点から前記部分走行経路上の待機点とは異なる位置の待機点まで走行させること
を特徴とする。
第1発明の作用を図2を用いて説明する。
第1発明および第4発明によれば、車両20を待機点14で待機させて、積込点12の位置変更があると待機点14から位置変更後の積込点12´に至る部分走行経路15を生成して車両20を部分走行経路15に沿って走行させるようにしているので、積込機30が移動等して積込点12が逐次変更される場合であっても、確実に変更された積込点12に向けて車両20を走行させることができる。待機点14は、積込点12の近くに設定され、車両20としては、停止することなく待機点14まで走行できるので、車両20を極力停止させることなく(待ち時間なく)出来る限り積込機30に向けて走行させ続けることができる。これにより生産効率が向上する。複数台の車両20、20´が積込場1内に順次進入するような場合には、待ち時間が少なくなるため生産効率が一層向上する。
図3は、実施形態の車両走行システムのブロック図を示している。なお、複数台の車両20が積込場1を走行する場合には、車両同士を区別するために符号「20」に「ダッシュ」を付することとする。
ショベルなどの積込機30は、新しい掘削場所へ移動等するため、その積込点12が逐次変動する。なお、「移動等」としたのは、積込機30自体は移動せず、作業機(バケット)30aを旋回させることで積込点12が変更されることもあるからである。すなわち、図6に示すように、積込機30の積込位置は、車体30bに対して作業機30aを左右に旋回させた位置それぞれに存在する。左右旋回位置をそれぞれ左積込点12L、右積込点12Rという。積込形態として、ショベルでは両側積込をとることがある。この場合、2台の車両20が積込機30の左右交互に積込アプローチする。したがって積込機30であるショベルは、左右別々の走行経路10L、10Rを同時に保持し、例えば右側積込点12Rを指定しなおしたときには、右側のみ位置変更前の旧い待機点14Rから位置変更後の新たな積込点12Rまでの走行経路10Rが作られ、左側の走行経路10Lの積込点12Lについては変更がなく左側走行経路10Lは影響を受けない。ただし、積込機30がバックホーの場合や、ショベルであっても積込形態として両側積込を選択していない場合であって、右積込点12Rから左積込点12Lに変わったときには、積込点12が変わったものとして扱う。
以下、図4に示すフローチャートと図2を併せ参照して説明する。
車両20が待機点14で停止している間あるいはその停止前までに管制装置40より部分走行経路15の情報と「この部分走行経路15に沿って走行せよ」という内容の走行指令が取得されなかった場合には(ステップ204の判断NO)、元の走行経路10に沿って待機点14から積込点12に向けて走行を開始する(ステップ205)。
つぎに、先行する車両20が部分走行経路15に沿って走行した場合には、その先行車両に後行する車両20´を強制的に入口点11の手前で待機させ、新しい走行経路10´、つまり入口点11から位置変更後の積込点12´に至る走行経路10´に沿って走行させる実施例について説明する。
Claims (5)
- 積込場の入口点から積込機が存在する積込点まで車両が走行する車両の走行経路を生成し、生成された走行経路に沿って車両を走行させる車両の走行システムにおいて、
積込点の位置情報と入口点の位置情報に基づき、入口点から積込点の近傍の待機点を経由して積込点に至る走行経路を生成する走行経路生成手段と、
走行経路生成手段によって生成された走行経路の情報に基づき車両を走行経路に沿って、入口点から待機点まで走行させる第1の走行制御手段と、
車両を待機点で積込機から許可を得るまで待機させる待機手段と、
車両が待機点で待機中に、あるいは入口点から待機点までの間を走行中に、積込機から管制装置または/および車両に積込点の位置変更の指示があった場合に、当該位置変更後の積込点の位置情報と積込点が移動する前の前記走行経路上の待機点の位置情報に基づき、待機点から当該位置変更後の積込点までの部分走行経路を生成する部分走行経路生成手段と、
車両が待機点で待機中に、および入口点から待機点までの間を走行中に、積込機から管制装置または/および車両に積込点の位置変更の指示がなかった場合には、走行経路生成手段によって生成された走行経路の情報に基づき車両を走行経路に沿って、待機点から積込点まで走行させるとともに、
車両が待機点で待機中に、あるいは入口点から待機点までの間を走行中に、積込点の位置変更の指示があった場合には、部分走行経路生成手段によって生成された部分走行経路の情報に基づき車両を部分走行経路に沿って待機点から位置変更後の積込点まで走行させる第2の走行制御手段と
を備えたことを特徴とする車両の走行システム。 - 請求項1において、複数の車両を走行経路に沿って順次走行させる場合に適用され、
積込機から管制装置または/および車両に積込点の位置変更の指示があった場合には、部分走行経路生成手段により、待機点から当該位置変更後の積込点までの部分走行経路を生成するとともに、
走行経路生成手段により、入口点から、前記部分走行経路上の待機点とは異なる位置の待機点を経由して位置変更後の積込点に至る走行経路を生成し、
先行する車両については、部分走行経路生成手段によって生成された部分走行経路の情報に基づき部分走行経路に沿って当該待機点から位置変更後の積込点まで走行させるとともに、
後行する車両については、走行経路生成手段によって生成された走行経路の情報に基づき走行経路に沿って、入口点から前記部分走行経路上の待機点とは異なる位置の待機点まで走行させること
を特徴とする車両の走行システム。 - 請求項1または2において、
車両は、無人車両であり、積込機は、有人車両であり、
管制装置が設けられ、
管制装置と車両との間で、および管制装置と積込機との間で、送受信を行う通信手段が車両、管制装置、積込機に各々設けられ、
積込機は、位置変更の指示を管制装置に送信し、
管制装置は、積込機から送信された位置変更指示に従い走行経路および部分走行経路を生成し、
管制装置は、走行経路および部分走行経路の情報を車両に送信し、
車両は、管制装置から送信された走行経路および部分走行経路の情報に基づき走行するとともに、待機点で積込機から許可を得るまで待機すること
を特徴とする車両の走行システム。 - 積込場の入口点から積込機が存在する積込点まで車両が走行する車両の走行経路を生成し、生成された走行経路に沿って車両を走行させる車両の走行方法において、
積込点の位置情報と入口点の位置情報に基づき、入口点から積込点の近傍の待機点を経由して積込点に至る走行経路を生成し、
当該生成された走行経路の情報に基づき車両を走行経路に沿って、入口点から待機点まで走行させ、
車両を待機点で積込機から許可を得るまで待機させ、
車両が待機点で待機中に、あるいは入口点から待機点までの間を走行中に、積込機から管制装置または/および車両に積込点の位置変更の指示があった場合に、当該位置変更後の積込点の位置情報と積込点が移動する前の前記走行経路上の待機点の位置情報に基づき、待機点から当該位置変更後の積込点までの部分走行経路を生成し、
車両が待機点で待機中に、および入口点から待機点までの間を走行中に、積込機から管制装置または/および車両に積込点の位置変更の指示がなかった場合には、走行経路生成手段によって生成された走行経路の情報に基づき車両を走行経路に沿って、待機点から積込点まで走行させるとともに、
車両が待機点で待機中に、あるいは入口点から待機点までの間を走行中に、積込点の位置変更の指示があった場合には、部分走行経路生成手段によって生成された部分走行経路の情報に基づき車両を部分走行経路に沿って待機点から位置変更後の積込点まで走行させる ことを特徴とする車両の走行方法。 - 請求項4において、複数の車両を走行経路に沿って順次走行させる場合に適用され、
積込機から管制装置または/および車両に積込点の位置変更の指示があった場合には、部分走行経路生成手段により、待機点から当該位置変更後の積込点までの部分走行経路を生成するとともに、
走行経路生成手段により、入口点から、前記部分走行経路上の待機点とは異なる位置の待機点を経由して位置変更後の積込点に至る走行経路を生成し、
先行する車両については、部分走行経路生成手段によって生成された部分走行経路の情報に基づき部分走行経路に沿って当該待機点から位置変更後の積込点まで走行させるとともに、
後行する車両については、走行経路生成手段によって生成された走行経路の情報に基づき走行経路に沿って、入口点から前記部分走行経路上の待機点とは異なる位置の待機点まで走行させること
を特徴とする車両の走行方法。
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