WO2011081548A1 - Actinomètre - Google Patents

Actinomètre Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011081548A1
WO2011081548A1 PCT/RU2009/000752 RU2009000752W WO2011081548A1 WO 2011081548 A1 WO2011081548 A1 WO 2011081548A1 RU 2009000752 W RU2009000752 W RU 2009000752W WO 2011081548 A1 WO2011081548 A1 WO 2011081548A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plate
sensor
thermal
specified
actinometer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/RU2009/000752
Other languages
English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Виктор Владимирович ЦАРЕВ
Александр Николаевич АЛЕКСЕЕВИЧ
Александр Викторович ГОРДИН
Original Assignee
Tsarev Viktor Vladimirovich
Alekseevich Aleksandr Nikolaevich
Gordin Aleksandr Viktorovich
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tsarev Viktor Vladimirovich, Alekseevich Aleksandr Nikolaevich, Gordin Aleksandr Viktorovich filed Critical Tsarev Viktor Vladimirovich
Priority to PCT/RU2009/000752 priority Critical patent/WO2011081548A1/fr
Publication of WO2011081548A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011081548A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
    • G01J1/48—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using chemical effects
    • G01J1/50—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using chemical effects using change in colour of an indicator, e.g. actinometer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
    • G01J1/42—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
    • G01J2001/4266—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors for measuring solar light

Definitions

  • the invention relates to devices for measuring the intensity of direct solar radiation by the degree of heating of the absorbing blackened surface and can be used in devices using solar energy, for example, to determine the amount of solar radiation entering the surface of the solar collector.
  • Actinometer The basic principle of the actinometer is based on the absorption of incident radiation on a blackened surface and the conversion of its energy into heat. Actinometer is a relative device, because The radiation intensity is judged by various phenomena that accompany heating.
  • a known sensitive element of the actinometer (Pat. RFL2011953), comprising a housing,
  • thermocouple battery made in the form of a hollow ball of insulating material and a thermocouple battery.
  • the thermocouple battery is installed so that successive thermocouple junctions are fixed at diametrically opposite points on the surface of the ball.
  • Thermoelectrodes pass inside the ball, and the outer surface of the ball is coated with an absorbent coating.
  • junctions of series-connected segments of insulated wire, such as copper and constantan passed through holes in a hollow plastic ball, constantly facing the sun with their “hot junctions” and toward the earth with their cold. Regardless of the time of day, 50% of the junctions are in the “hot” and 50% in the “cold” zone, regardless of the angle of contact of the radiant energy, with an inertia of about 1-3 s.
  • thermocouples are used as sensors. Thermocouples cover the entire spectrum of solar radiation, but require complex temperature compensation and manual calibration, which makes sensors based on them very expensive. Another significant drawback of thermocouples is the problem of heat removal before the next measurement, therefore, in order to achieve a heat balance, the intervals between measurements should be sufficiently large.
  • Thermoelectric actinometers for example, the Savinov-Yanishevsky thermoelectric actinometer, the design of which is described in [http://www.propogodu.ru/alphabet/570], are widely used.
  • the receiving part is a thin silver disk blackened from the outside, the central junctions of thermocouples consisting of zigzag-connected strips of manganin and constantan (the so-called Savinov asterisk) are glued to the inside of it. Peripheral junctions are glued to the copper ring in the housing. When sun rays fall on the receiving surface, the central junctions heat up, while the peripheral ones are shaded; the result is a thermoelectric current proportional to the temperature difference between the central and peripheral junctions, which in turn is proportional to the measured radiation flux.
  • This design solves the problem of determining the total amount of solar radiation over a long time and is suitable for meteorological observations.
  • the measurement results do not correspond to the amount of solar radiation that entered the flat surface of the collector. This is due to the fact that when determining the amount of solar radiation incident on the solar panel, it should be borne in mind that the solar panel is installed at a certain fixed angle to the surface of the earth. Therefore, the amount of solar radiation entering the surface of the collector depends not only on the intensity of solar radiation, but also on the position of the sun.
  • the objective of the present invention is to provide an actinometer design for direct year-round monitoring of solar radiation entering a flat surface mounted in a fixed position at an angle to the earth’s surface and expanding the arsenal of devices for measuring total solar radiation arriving at a flat inclined surface.
  • means for converting thermal energy into electrical energy include a thermal module elte mounted in the sensor housing under a blackened plate, a heat conductor in contact with one of its surfaces with the bottom surface of the plate, and with its other surface with a Peltier thermal module, with the first thermal sensor installed in the groove between the test conductor and the plate, and the working surface of the plate protected by a transparent dome fixed in the indicated case.
  • the essence of the device’s action is the controlled selection of heat from the sun on the blackened copper plate of the sensor.
  • the Peltier thermal module When the control plate is heated, the Peltier thermal module is turned on and cools it to the required temperature, i.e. removes heat and discharges through the radiator into the atmosphere. Since the amount of heat pumped by the thermal module is proportional to the amount of electricity passed through it, then by calculating the amount of this electricity, we will also get the amount of solar energy incident on the plate.
  • Peltier thermal modules allows us to expand the range of used technical means for recording solar radiation.
  • the structural features of these elements make it possible to fix the receiving plate at the same angle relative to the earth as the surface of the solar collector. This provides a direct and accurate measurement of the flux of solar radiation incident on the surface of the solar collector.
  • the transparent dome protects the actinometer sensor from atmospheric influences, which allows the device to be used year-round.
  • an actinometer based on Peltier thermomodules can be made compact enough, and complex mathematical models are not required to interpret the measurement results.
  • the actinometer sensor housing includes a second camera of almost identical design, differing only in that the second receiving plate is protected by a reflective screen mounted in the specified housing, and the inner space of both cameras communicates between by myself. This reduces the temperature dependence and improves the accuracy of the measurement.
  • the amount of solar radiation in this design is determined by the difference in currents passing through thermocouples.
  • the amount of solar energy is determined by the amount of electricity supplied to the thermocouple, necessary to align the readings of the temperature sensors.
  • the means for measuring the electric current are made in the form of a measuring unit, which is electrically connected to the temperature sensors and the thermal module.
  • the measuring unit includes a control unit, which receives the signals of the temperature sensors.
  • the control unit generates a control signal by which the electric current supplied from the direct current source to the thermal module is regulated to equalize the readings of the thermal sensors.
  • the measuring unit is equipped with an interface for communication with a computer.
  • the actinometer sensor case be equipped with a heat sink in the form of a radiator located on the "hot" side of the thermal module.
  • thermal insulation gasket is installed between the thermal module and the housing.
  • the plate and the wire conductor were made of copper.
  • the interior of the housing be evacuated.
  • the means for measuring the electric current supplied to these thermal modules can be made in the form of a measuring unit, comprising a first controlled current controller electrically connected to the first temperature sensor and the first thermal module, and a second controlled current controller connected to the second thermal sensor and the second thermal module.
  • a DC power supply is electrically connected to the first and second controlled current regulators.
  • the differential current meter is connected between the first and second thermal modules and is connected via an converter to the interface for communication with a computer.
  • Figure 1 depicts a single chamber actinometer sensor, made in accordance with the invention, in cross section;
  • Figure 2 depicts a block diagram of an actinometer with a single-chamber sensor, made in accordance with the invention
  • Fig. 3 depicts a two-chamber actinometer sensor, made in accordance with the invention, in cross section;
  • Figure 4 depicts a block diagram of an actinometer with a two-chamber sensor, made in accordance with the invention
  • the actinometer sensor includes a molded plastic case 1 into which a copper heat conductor 2 is integrated at the manufacturing stage.
  • a copper plate 3 with a heat-absorbing coating is attached to the heat conductor 2.
  • the heat-absorbing coating is a layer of soot, black ink or the like.
  • a temperature sensor 4 is placed in the groove between the plate 3 and the heat conductor 2.
  • a thermistor can be used as a temperature sensor.
  • the space in front of the plate 3 is closed by a transparent, for example, glass dome 5, which is hermetically mounted in a special recess on the housing 1.
  • the interior of the sensor is evacuated.
  • a thermal module 7 is installed in the lower part of the housing 1 between the heat conductor 2 and a copper fin heat sink 6, a thermal module 7 is installed. Before installation, a special thermal paste is applied to the working surfaces of the thermal module 7, which ensures reliable heat transfer at the contact points.
  • the heat sink (radiator) 6 is attached to the housing 1 with screws made of a material with high thermal resistance (for example, plastic). The heat sink can also be made of copper.
  • a heat-insulating gasket 8 is laid. Also on the body 1 is a second thermal sensor 4 and a cable connector (not shown).
  • the actinometer sensor has two temperature sensors: the first temperature sensor 4 in figure 1 is for measuring the temperature of the plate and the second, not shown in figure 1, the temperature sensor is for measuring the temperature of the housing 1 of the sensor.
  • the signals from the first and second temperature sensors 4 are fed to the comparator of the control unit 9 (Fig. 2), which controls the current regulator 10.
  • the measurement unit also includes a direct current source 1, electrically connected to the thermal module 7 through the current regulator 10 (Fig. 1). Information about the electric current supplied to the thermal module 7 is recorded by the current sensor and through the converter 12 and the interface 13 is fed to a computer (not shown in Fig.).
  • the actinometer sensor may also have a two-chamber design.
  • the sensor housing 16 includes a first camera 17, identical to the design described above, and a second camera 18, in which, instead of a transparent glass dome 19, a reflective screen 20 is mounted, fixed in the housing 16.
  • the inner space of the camera 17 and the camera 18 communicate with each other , for example, using channel 21.
  • a heat sink is placed on the “hot” side of the thermal modules 22,23, as in the described single-chamber design.
  • the block diagram of the actinometer which uses a two-chamber sensor, is shown in Fig.4.
  • the temperature sensors 26, 27 installed in the chambers 17, 18 are electrically connected with controlled current regulators 28, 29, respectively.
  • Controlled current regulators 28, 29 are electrically connected to thermoelectric modules 22, 23, respectively.
  • Current regulators 28, 29 are powered from a DC source 30.
  • the differential current meter 31 is connected between the first and second thermal modules 22, 23 and is connected via an converter 32 to an interface 33 for communication with a computer (not shown in Fig.).
  • Actinometer with a single-chamber sensor (Fig.1,2) works as follows.
  • the temperature of the plate 3 is equal to the temperature of the housing 1, i.e. outdoor temperature.
  • the signals from the temperature sensors are fed to the comparator of the control unit 9 controlling the current regulator 10.
  • the current in the power circuit of the thermal module 7 is equal to zero.
  • the control unit 9 through the current regulator 10 supplies current from the power source 11 to the thermal module 7, which starts heat removal from plate 3 of the sensor.
  • the operation of the actinometer differs from the operation of the actinometer with a single-chamber sensor only in that the amount of solar radiation is determined by the difference in the currents passing through the thermocouples.
  • the described actinometer can be made from commercially available standard elements and conventional structural materials.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte au domaine des instruments de mesure de l'intensité du rayonnement solaire direct. L'actinomètre comprend un capteur avec une plaque dont la surface de réception est recouverte d'un revêtement absorbant la chaleur. Afin de convertir l'énergie thermique en énergie électrique, on utilise un module thermoélectrique de Peltier monté sur le corps du capteur en dessous de ladite plaque. La plaque est protégée par une coupole transparente. Lors du chauffage de la plaque de contrôle, le module thermoélectrique de Peltier est mis en marche et la plaque est refroidie jusqu'à une température donnée. Des moyens de mesure du courant électrique se présentent sous forme d'une unité de mesure comprenant une unité de commande, un régulateur de tension, une source de courant continu, et des moyens de transmission, vers un ordinateur, d'informations concernant le courant électrique fourni au module thermoélectrique. La capteur de l'actinomètre peut comprendre une seconde chambre dans laquelle une seconde plaque de réception est protégée par un écran réflecteur de lumière, les espaces des deux chambres communiquant l'un avec l'autre. Le résultat technique consiste en une meilleure précision des mesures.
PCT/RU2009/000752 2009-12-30 2009-12-30 Actinomètre WO2011081548A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/RU2009/000752 WO2011081548A1 (fr) 2009-12-30 2009-12-30 Actinomètre

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/RU2009/000752 WO2011081548A1 (fr) 2009-12-30 2009-12-30 Actinomètre

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2011081548A1 true WO2011081548A1 (fr) 2011-07-07

Family

ID=44226682

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/RU2009/000752 WO2011081548A1 (fr) 2009-12-30 2009-12-30 Actinomètre

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Country Link
WO (1) WO2011081548A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU197051U1 (ru) * 2020-01-14 2020-03-26 Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт мониторинга климатических и экологических систем Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук Устройство для мониторинга солнечной радиации

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU911179A1 (ru) * 1977-10-03 1982-03-07 Главная геофизическая обсерватория им.А.И.Воейкова Термоэлектрический пиргелиометр
SU993708A1 (ru) * 1980-12-11 1985-04-23 Главная геофизическая обсерватория им.А.И.Воейкова Пиранометр ленточный
US6417500B1 (en) * 1997-09-10 2002-07-09 John Graham Wood Solar radiation sensor
JP2003021688A (ja) * 2001-07-06 2003-01-24 Honda Motor Co Ltd 日射センサ

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU911179A1 (ru) * 1977-10-03 1982-03-07 Главная геофизическая обсерватория им.А.И.Воейкова Термоэлектрический пиргелиометр
SU993708A1 (ru) * 1980-12-11 1985-04-23 Главная геофизическая обсерватория им.А.И.Воейкова Пиранометр ленточный
US6417500B1 (en) * 1997-09-10 2002-07-09 John Graham Wood Solar radiation sensor
JP2003021688A (ja) * 2001-07-06 2003-01-24 Honda Motor Co Ltd 日射センサ

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU197051U1 (ru) * 2020-01-14 2020-03-26 Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт мониторинга климатических и экологических систем Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук Устройство для мониторинга солнечной радиации

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