WO2011075874A1 - 一种燃料分配装置和燃烧器 - Google Patents

一种燃料分配装置和燃烧器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011075874A1
WO2011075874A1 PCT/CN2009/001548 CN2009001548W WO2011075874A1 WO 2011075874 A1 WO2011075874 A1 WO 2011075874A1 CN 2009001548 W CN2009001548 W CN 2009001548W WO 2011075874 A1 WO2011075874 A1 WO 2011075874A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
distribution
fuel
outlet end
feed
openings
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PCT/CN2009/001548
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王明坤
姜从斌
信伟
郭进军
马冬
Original Assignee
北京航天万源煤化工工程技术有限公司
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Application filed by 北京航天万源煤化工工程技术有限公司 filed Critical 北京航天万源煤化工工程技术有限公司
Priority to EP09852424.2A priority Critical patent/EP2518403B1/en
Priority to BR112012018834-8A priority patent/BR112012018834B1/pt
Priority to PL09852424T priority patent/PL2518403T3/pl
Priority to CN2009801393912A priority patent/CN102265089B/zh
Priority to US13/518,567 priority patent/US9541283B2/en
Priority to AU2009357329A priority patent/AU2009357329B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2009/001548 priority patent/WO2011075874A1/zh
Priority to JP2012545043A priority patent/JP5529291B2/ja
Priority to KR1020127018838A priority patent/KR101365864B1/ko
Publication of WO2011075874A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011075874A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D1/00—Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel
    • F23D1/005—Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel burning a mixture of pulverulent fuel delivered as a slurry, i.e. comprising a carrying liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D1/00—Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/72—Safety devices, e.g. operative in case of failure of gas supply
    • F23D14/78—Cooling burner parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K3/00—Feeding or distributing of lump or pulverulent fuel to combustion apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2214/00—Cooling

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the field of burners, and more particularly to fuel distribution devices such as pulverized coal distribution devices and burners employing such fuel distribution devices. Background technique
  • Texaco adopts a single burner overhead method, which uses coal water slurry as fuel.
  • the burner is divided into three layers, the central channel medium is oxygen, and the second channel medium is coal water slurry.
  • the outermost channel medium is oxygen.
  • Shell's powder coal gasification equipment uses pulverized coal as fuel.
  • the pulverized coal combustion equipment is constructed as four independent burners arranged circumferentially in the middle and lower part of the furnace. Four burners form a hedge circle in the furnace. The flame, syngas is discharged from the upper end of the gasifier, and the slag is discharged from the lower end.
  • each burner has a separate feed line and a corresponding control system. In the case of one feed line breaking coal, the remaining two can be closed by closing another burner that is symmetrical with it.
  • the opposite burners work to maintain the uniformity of the temperature field in the furnace, thereby avoiding damage to the internals caused by flame partial burning.
  • the applicant discloses a combustible powder swirl burner in the Chinese Patent Publication No. CN1710333A, wherein the powder passage of the burner is provided with 2-5 powder tubes, which are along the powder passage. Circumferentially distributed, the purpose of which is to achieve powder by increasing or decreasing the number of tubes
  • the volume of the body is adjusted to adjust the working load of the burner, and the cooling effect is optimized by providing a multi-layer cooling structure, thereby prolonging the life of the burner.
  • the above-mentioned powder burner has a similar problem. When one or a few of the powder tubes are broken or fail, the flame burning at the outlet of the powder passage is also uneven, resulting in an increase in the furnace temperature. Damage to the furnace wall and burners. Summary of the invention
  • the main object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide a fuel distribution device for a burner, in particular a pulverized coal burner, which is designed to feed one or more of the fuels therein.
  • a fuel distribution device for a burner in particular a pulverized coal burner, which is designed to feed one or more of the fuels therein.
  • the tube is broken or fails, the fuel is evenly distributed at the outlet end of the fuel distribution device.
  • the present invention provides a fuel dispensing device for a combustor having an inlet end, an outlet end, and a distribution passage extending therebetween, and n fuel feeds extending from the inlet end into the distribution passage a tube, wherein the outlet end is provided with n sets of distribution openings, each set includes m distribution openings uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the outlet end, and each of the fuel feed pipes is divided into m feed branches, each feed The m feed branches separated by the tubes are respectively in communication with the m distribution openings of each group, wherein m, n are positive integers > 2 .
  • the angle between the exits of any two adjacent branches of each of the m feed branches of each feed pipe is 360 m.
  • the fuel distribution device has such a structure that when one or several of the n fuel feed pipes are broken or fail, the m feed branches of the other fuel feed pipes can still maintain fuel, such as pulverized coal, in the fuel distribution. Uniform distribution of the outlet end of the device.
  • m of the distribution openings of any two of the n sets of dispensing openings are alternately arranged along the circumferential direction of the outlet end such that an interval angle between any adjacent ones of the n X m distribution openings is 360. /n x m.
  • This configuration of the outlet end is such that the outlets of the m feed branches of any two of the n fuel feed tubes are arranged such that the angle between any two adjacent outlets of the nxm feed branch is It is 360 nxm.
  • the nxm distribution openings are arranged to be evenly distributed on the same circumference along the circumferential direction of the outlet end, such that the outlets of the nxm feed branches are more evenly distributed at the outlet end, thereby fueling
  • the distribution of pulverized coal at the outlet is more uniform.
  • the distribution channel cools the jacket and the outside on the inside of the burner Formed between the cooling jackets, the respective m feeding branches of the n fuel feeding pipes are sequentially wound around the outside of the inner cooling jacket.
  • the feed branch is coiled on the outside of the inner cooling jacket, so that the fuel, such as pulverized coal, advantageously has a tangential velocity when it is ejected, forming a strong swirl, thereby accelerating the mixing of fuel such as pulverized coal and oxidant. speed.
  • the diameter of the cooling jacket should be taken into consideration when selecting the coiling distance, and the pulverized coal should avoid clogging the pipeline and forming a large flow resistance.
  • the present invention also provides a burner comprising an igniter, an oxidant passage and a fuel distribution device coaxially arranged outwardly along the igniter, the fuel distribution device having an inlet end, an outlet end and extending therebetween a distribution passage, and n fuel feed tubes extending from the inlet end into the distribution passage, wherein the outlet end is provided with n sets of distribution openings, each set including m distribution openings evenly distributed along the circumference of the outlet end,
  • Each of the fuel feed pipes is divided into m feed branch pipes, and m feed branch pipes respectively branched from each feed pipe are respectively connected with m distribution openings of each group, wherein m, n are ⁇ 2 A positive integer.
  • the outlet end is preferably configured such that m of the distribution openings of any two of the n sets of distribution openings are alternately arranged along the circumferential direction of the outlet end such that nxm distributions
  • the angle of separation between any two adjacent ones of the openings is 360 nxm.
  • the nxm dispensing openings are more preferably configured to be evenly distributed along the circumference of the outlet end on the same circumference, and The outlets of the nxm feed branches are evenly distributed at the outlet end.
  • an inner cooling jacket between the oxidant passage and the combustion distribution device, and in the fuel distribution device
  • the outer cooling jacket is disposed on the outer side, and the space in each jacket forms a cooling passage, and the medium in the jacket may be water or any other suitable cooling medium.
  • the inner cooling jacket and the outer cooling jacket are both configured as an annular cavity, and the partition disposed in the annular cavity divides the inner cavity into the outer cavity, the outer cavity In communication with the cooling medium inlet, the inner chamber communicates with the cooling medium outlet to cause the cooling medium in the cooling jacket to flow from the outer layer of the cooling passage to the inner layer.
  • the outlet end of the fuel distribution device is provided with an annular support plate on which the nxm distribution openings are opened for fixing nxm feed branches at the outlet end.
  • one or several feed tubes are broken or At the same time, since the outlet of the remaining feed branch is still symmetrically distributed around the center of the burner at the outlet end of the dispensing device, the distribution of the delivered fuel, such as combustible powder, at the outlet end of the dispensing device is also substantially uniform, and the flame is evenly distributed. It burns and the shape of the flame does not change, thus avoiding system downtime or damage to the device caused by flame partial burn.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a pulverized coal burner according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a pulverized coal distribution device according to an embodiment of the present invention, showing a pulverized coal feed pipe and respective The specific arrangement of the feed branch pipe;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the distribution of the pulverized coal feed pipe of Figure 2 at the inlet end of the pulverized coal distribution device;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the distribution of the distribution outlet of the pulverized coal distribution device at the outlet end of the pulverized coal distribution device according to an embodiment of the pulverized coal distribution device of the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of the pulverized coal feed pipe of Figure 2 and the respective feed branch pipes disposed around the inner cooling jacket;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the distribution of a pulverized coal feed pipe at the inlet end of a pulverized coal distribution device according to another embodiment of the pulverized coal distribution device of the present invention
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view showing the distribution of the distribution outlet of the pulverized coal distribution device of Figure 6 at the outlet end of the pulverized coal distribution device. detailed description
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a pulverized coal burner according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the pulverized coal burner includes an igniter 1 disposed at a central position, the igniter having electricity
  • An igniter and separate combustion and oxidant passages are provided on the outside of the igniter 1 with an oxidant passage 12 having an oxidant inlet 3 and an oxidant passage cover 2 sealing the oxidant passage 12, the oxidant passing This inlet 3 enters the oxidant passage 12.
  • the pulverized coal burner advantageously comprises an inner cooling jacket 14 and an outer cooling jacket 16 arranged outside the oxidant passage 12 and arranged coaxially therewith, the pulverized coal distribution device 9 being arranged inside Between the cooling jacket 14 and the outer cooling jacket 16, the coal distribution device 9 has an inlet end 9a, an outlet end 9b and a distribution extending between the inlet end and the outlet end Road 9c (see Figures 2 and 5).
  • the inlet end 9a is sealed by a distribution channel cover 19, and an annular support plate 11 is preferably provided at the outlet end of the pulverized coal distribution device 9, which supports the inner cooling jacket 14 and the outer cooling jacket 16.
  • the fuel of the fuel burner is pulverized coal
  • the pulverized coal distribution device 9 is included at the outlet end. 9a extends through the n pulverized coal feed pipes 5 of the cover plate 19, and each pulverized coal feed pipe 5 separates m feed branch pipes through the pulverized coal distribution mechanism 6 disposed in the distribution passage 9c, respectively, at the outlet
  • the annular support plate 11 at the end 9b is provided with n sets of distribution openings, each set including m distribution openings evenly distributed along the circumference of the outlet end, and m feed branches separated by each of the pulverized coal feed pipes 5.
  • the interval angle between any two of the m feed branches 8 separated by each of the pulverized coal feed pipes 5 is 360 m.
  • the nxm distribution openings on the annular support plate 11 are configured to be evenly distributed on the same circumference along the circumferential direction of the annular support plate 11, so that nxm of the n pulverized coal feed pipes 5 are advanced.
  • the outlet of the material branch pipe 8 is evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the outlet end 9b, and the interval angle between the outlets of any adjacent two feed branch pipes 8 is 360 ⁇ X m.
  • the inner cooling jacket 14 is sealed by the inner cooling jacket cover 21 to form an annular cavity, and a partition 13 is disposed in the annular cavity to divide the inner cavity into the outer cavity and the outer cavity. It is in communication with the cooling medium inlet 4, and the inner chamber communicates with the cooling medium outlet 20 to form two inner and outer cooling passages.
  • the cooling medium enters the outer cooling passage from the inlet 4 at the upper end of the inner cooling jacket 14 and then exits the outer cooling passage through the inner cooling passage. 20 outflows.
  • the structure of the outer cooling jacket 16 disposed outside the pulverized coal distribution device 9 is substantially similar to the structure of the inner cooling jacket 14, which also has a partition 15 that divides the annular cavity into an inner cavity and an outer cavity, and is connected to the outer cavity.
  • the outer side of the outer cooling jacket 16 is fixed with a connecting flange 10 which is sealingly connected to a furnace body (not shown).
  • the medium therein may be water or any other suitable cooling medium.
  • the above configuration of the cooling jacket allows the flow direction of the cooling medium to coincide with the direction in which the flow path area decreases at the end face position of the burner, so that the flow velocity and the enthalpy velocity of the cooling medium are continuously increased, and the convective heat transfer effect is enhanced and enhanced.
  • the cooling effect is better to avoid damage to the burner caused by flame radiation and high temperature gas, and prolong the life of the burner.
  • FIG. 2 an embodiment of a pulverized coal distribution device 9 in accordance with the present invention is illustrated.
  • m, n 3, that is, ⁇ : ⁇ ) the inlet 9a of the ⁇ 9 ⁇ 9 ⁇ " ⁇ into the three pulverized coal feed pipes 5 of the distribution channel 9c, which
  • Each of the pulverized coal feed pipes 5 is divided by the pulverized coal distribution device 6 into three feed branch pipes 8. As shown in Fig.
  • the annular support at the outlet end 9b of the pulverized coal distribution device 9 The panel 11 is provided with three sets of dispensing openings, each set comprising three dispensing openings, namely Group I: Al, A2, A3, Group II: Bl, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3, Group III: Cl, C2, C3, and
  • three feeding branch pipes 8 of one pulverized coal feeding pipe of the three pulverized coal feeding pipes 5 are respectively arranged around the inner cooling jacket.
  • B3, Cl, C2, C3 are still arranged symmetrically in the circumferential direction with respect to the center of the igniter 1; in the case of two pulverized coal feed pipes being broken, for example, two pulverized coals extending through the openings A, B
  • the feed pipe fails, the pulverized coal feed pipe extending through the opening C can still work normally, and at the outlet end of the pulverized coal distribution device 9, the three feed branch pipes 8 separated by the pulverized coal feed pipe are
  • the distribution openings C1, C2, C3 are still arranged symmetrically in the circumferential direction with respect to the center of the igniter 1.
  • the flame shape of the burner does not change, thereby avoiding the system shutdown caused by the flame partial flame or the damage of the gasification device.
  • the pulverized coal from each feeding branch 8 collides with the inner oxidant to form a separate small flame, and an adjacent small flame strikes to form a uniform flame, thereby ensuring the furnace. Temperature uniformity.
  • Each of the pulverized coal feed pipes 5 is separated from the four feed branch pipes 8 by the pulverized coal distribution device 6. As shown in Fig.
  • each group comprising four distribution openings, namely the first group: Dl, D2, D3 , D4, Group II: El, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3, ⁇ 4, and the two sets of distribution openings are evenly distributed along the circumference in the order of Dl, El, D2, E2, D3, E3, D4, E4, so that any two adjacent
  • the four feed branch pipes 8 of one pulverized coal feed pipe of the two pulverized coal feed pipes 5 are respectively rotated around the inner cooling jacket 14 by a certain angle and then The first group distribution openings D1, D2, D3, and D4 are connected and fixed on the support plate 11; then, the four feed branch pipes 8 of the other pulverized coal feed pipe 5 are sequentially sequentially arranged around the inner cooling jacket.
  • 14 is respectively communicated with the group II distribution openings El, E2, E3, E4 and fixed on the support plate 11, so that the outlets of the eight feed branch pipes 8 are at the outlet end of the pulverized coal distribution device 9. Evenly distributed along the circumference.
  • the pulverized coal distribution device 9 can still work normally, and in the pulverized coal
  • the four pulverized coal feed branches extending through the opening E are still arranged symmetrically in the circumferential direction relative to the center of the igniter 1 at the dispensing openings E1, E2, E3, E4;
  • the D-channel feeding pipe can still work normally, and at the outlet of the pulverized coal channel, the four feeding branches D1, D2, D3, D4 separated by the D-pulverized coal feeding pipe are in the circumferential direction.
  • the upper portion is evenly distributed symmetrically with respect to the center of the igniter 1. Therefore, regardless of any of the above cases, the shape of the igniter flame does not change, thereby avoiding system shutdown caused by flame partial combustion or damage of the gasification device, and in the case of normal working conditions, each feed
  • the pulverized coal from the branch pipe collides with the inner oxidant to form a separate small flame, and an adjacent small flame strikes to form a uniform flame, thereby ensuring the uniformity of the furnace temperature field.
  • the arrangement of the pulverized coal feed pipe 5 and the corresponding pulverized coal feed branch pipe 8 in the pulverized coal distribution device 9 is not limited to the specific embodiment described in detail above. As long as the m feed branches 8 separated by each of the pulverized coal feed pipes 5 are arranged such that their outlets are symmetrically distributed along the circumference of the pulverized coal distribution device in the circumferential direction thereof relative to the center of the igniter 1, Within the spirit of the invention.
  • the working process of the pulverized coal burner according to the present invention is as follows:
  • the pulverized coal is transported by a high pressure inert gas, and at least two pulverized coal feed pipes 5 entering the pulverized coal distribution device 9 are divided into a plurality of shares by a pulverized coal distribution mechanism.
  • the pulverized coal tributary of each hook enters the corresponding pulverized coal feed branch pipe, flows in the pulverized coal feed branch pipe and is ejected from the distribution outlet of the pulverized coal distribution device, and then is ejected from the oxidant passage.
  • After the oxygen of the swirling speed is blended, it is ignited by the flame from the igniter to form a uniform, short and short flame.
  • the igniter is turned off; after the pulverized coal burner is finished, the pulverized coal feed is stopped, and finally the oxidant feed is stopped.
  • the cooling medium is always passed through the inner and outer cooling jackets, and the cooling medium is water or other suitable cooling.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)

Description

一种燃料分配装置和燃烧器 技术领域
本发明涉及燃烧器领域， 尤其涉及燃料分配装置例如粉煤分配装置以 及采用这种燃料分配装置的燃烧器。 背景技术
人们发现， 在当前使用的气化装置的实际运行过程中， 有多种因素会 造成工况的不稳定， 其中常见的一种情况是原料煤输送突然中断， 使燃烧 器喷口处煤量分布不均匀， 造成局部氧煤比骤升， 进而引起气化装置局部 过热， 最终导致系统连锁跳车甚至气化装置的损坏， 这严重影响了气化装 置运行过程中的安全性、 稳定性和经济性。
在现有的煤气化技术中， 德士古采用单燃烧器顶置方式， 以水煤浆为 燃料， 该燃烧器分为三层通道， 中心通道介质为氧气， 第二通道介质为水 煤浆， 最外层通道介质为氧气。 当水煤浆通道突然断煤后， 燃烧器喷口处 的煤浆流量急剧减少，必将导致停车。而断煤后短时间内炉内氧煤比骤升， 炉温升高， 氧化腐蚀加剧， 对炉壁和燃烧器极为不利。
Shell公司的粉煤气化设备以粉煤为燃料，这种粉煤燃烧设备构造成四 个独立的燃烧器沿周向均勾地布置在炉膛的中下部， 四个燃烧器在炉内形 成对沖切圓火焰， 合成气从气化炉上端排放， 炉渣从下端排放。 在这种设 备中， 每个燃烧器均具有独立的进料管道和相应的控制系统， 在一条进料 管道断煤的情况下， 可以通过将与其对称的另一个燃烧器关闭， 使余下的 两个对置的燃烧器工作， 来保持炉内温度场的均勾性， 从而避免火焰偏烧 对内件的损害。 但是， 为了确保四个燃烧器均勾地布置在炉膛中， 对燃烧 器的制造和安装精度提出了非常高的要求； 另外， 当出现不对称位置上的 两个燃烧器的进料管道同时断煤的情况时， 则无法通过上述手段来解决这 种问题， 导致断煤后炉膛中的火焰偏烧、 氧煤比骤升、 炉温升高的问题， 加剧了氧化腐蚀， 进而会对从炉壁和燃烧器造成损坏。
申请人在中国发明专利公开号 CN1710333A中公开了一种可燃粉体旋 流燃烧器， 该燃烧器的粉体通道中设有 2-5根粉体管， 这些粉体管在粉体 通道中沿周向均勾分布， 其目的是通过增加或减少管子的数量来实现对粉 体输送量的调节， 从而调节燃烧器的工作负荷， 并通过设置多层冷却结构 来优化冷却效果， 从而延长燃烧器的寿命。 但是， 上述粉体燃烧器存在类 似的问题， 当其中的一根或者几根粉体管断料或出现故障时， 同样会引起 粉体通道出口处火焰燃烧不均， 导致炉温升高， 从而损坏炉壁和燃烧器的 问题。 发明内容
本发明的主要目的是想克服现有技术的不足， 提供一种用于燃烧器特 别是粉煤燃烧器的燃料分配装置， 这种燃料分配装置设计成当其中的一根 或几根燃料进料管断料或出现故障时， 仍能保证燃料在燃料分配装置出口 端的均匀分配。
因此， 本发明提供一种用于燃烧器的燃料分配装置， 其具有入口端、 出口端和在两者之间延伸的分配通道， 以及从该入口端延伸入该分配通道的 n个燃料进料管， 其中， 该出口端设有 n组分配开口， 每组包括沿出口端的 周向均匀分布的 m个分配开口，并且每个燃料进料管各分出 m个进料支管， 每个进料管所分出的 m个进料支管分别与所述每组的 m个分配开口连通， 其中 m, n为 > 2的正整数。 从而每个进料管所分出 m个进料支管的任意相 邻两个支管的出口之间的间隔角度为 360 m。燃料分配装置的这种结构，使 得 n根燃料进料管中一根或几根断料或者出现故障时， 其它的燃料进料管的 m个进料支管依然能保持燃料例如粉煤在燃料分配装置出口端的均匀分布。
优选地， 所述 n组分配开口中的任意两组的 m个分配开口沿该出口端 的周向交替排列， 使得 n X m个分配开口中的任意相邻两个之间的间隔角度 为 360。 /n x m。 出口端的这种构造， 使所述 n个燃料进料管中的任意两个 的 m个进料支管的出口如此排列， 使得 nxm个进料支管的出口的任意相邻 两个之间的间隔角度为 360 nxm。 更优选地， 所述 nxm个分配开口被配置 成沿该出口端的周向均匀分布在同一圓周上， 这样一来， nxm个进料支管的 出口更均勾地分布在该出口端， 从而使燃料例如粉煤在出口处的分布更均 匀。
在本发明中，为了能使来自燃料进料管的燃料例如粉煤均勾地分配到其 相应的 m个进料支管中， 在每个燃料进料管与其相应的 m个进料支管之间 有利地设有燃料分配机构。
根据本发明的一个方案，所述分配通道在燃烧器的内侧冷却夹套和外侧 冷却夹套之间形成，所述 n个燃料进料管各自的 m个进料支管依次盘绕在该 内侧冷却夹套的外侧。 在这里， 将进料支管盘绕在内侧冷却夹套的外侧， 可 以使燃料例如粉煤在喷出时有利地具有切向速度， 形成较强的旋流， 从而加 快燃料如粉煤和氧化剂的混合速度。 本领域技术人员应当明白， 当燃料为粉 煤时， 在选择盘绕间距时应考虑到冷却夹套的直径， 以及粉煤避免堵塞管路 和形成较大的流阻等因素。
本发明还提供一种燃烧器， 其包括点火器， 沿该点火器向外依次同轴 布置的氧化剂通道和燃料分配装置， 该燃料分配装置具有入口端、 出口端和 在两者之间延伸的分配通道， 以及从该入口端延伸入该分配通道的 n个燃料 进料管， 其中， 该出口端设有 n组分配开口， 每组包括沿该出口端的周向均 匀分布的 m个分配开口， 每个燃料进料管各分出 m个进料支管， 每个进料 管所分出的 m个进料支管分别与所述每组的 m个分配开口连通， 其中 m, n 为≥2的正整数。
才艮据本发明的一个方案， 在上述燃烧器中， 该出口端优选如此配置， 即 n组分配开口中的任意两组的 m个分配开口沿该出口端的周向交替排列，使 得 nxm个分配开口中的任意相邻两个之间的间隔角度为 360 nxm。
在本发明的另一个方案中， 为了使燃料在燃料分配装置的出口端分布的 更均匀， 所述 nxm个分配开口更优选被配置成沿该出口端的周向均匀分布 在同一圓周上， 进而将 n x m个进料支管的出口均匀分布于该出口端。
在本发明中， 为了避免燃烧火焰长时间燃烧对燃烧器的损坏， 延长燃 烧器的使用寿命， 优选在在氧化剂通道和燃烧分配装置之间设有内侧冷却 夹套， 并且在该燃料分配装置的外侧设置外侧冷却夹套， 每个夹套中的空间 分别形成冷却通道， 夹套中的介质可以是水或者其它任何合适的冷却介质。
在本发明的一个方案中， 内侧冷却夹套和该外侧冷却夹套均被构造成 环形空腔， 设置在所述环形空腔内的隔板将其分成内腔和外腔， 所述外腔与 冷却介质入口连通， 所述内腔与冷却介质出口连通， 使冷却夹套中的冷却介 质从冷却通道的外层流向内层。
在根据本发明的燃烧器中， 燃料分配装置的出口端设有环形支撑板， 该 nxm个分配开口开设在该支撑板上， 用于将 nxm个进料支管固定在该出口 端。
在根据本发明的燃料分配装置和燃烧器中，在一根或几根进料管断料或 同时由于剩余的进料支管的出口在分配装置的出口端依然围绕燃烧器中心 对称分布， 因此， 输送出的燃料例如可燃粉体在分配装置出口端的分布也基 本上是均匀的， 火焰仍会均匀燃烧， 并且火焰的形状也不会发生改变， 从而 避免了火焰偏烧引起的系统停机或装置的损坏。 附图说明
以下，结合附图来详细说明本发明，相同的附图标记表示相同的构件。 其中：
图 1为根据本发明的一个实施例的粉煤燃烧器的结构剖面图； 图 2为根据本发明的一个实施例的粉煤分配装置的结构示意图， 示出 了粉煤进料管和各自的进料支管的具体布置方式；
图 3为示出了图 2中的粉煤进料管在粉煤分配装置的入口端分布的示 意图；
图 4为本发明的粉煤分配装置的一个实施例的分配出口在粉煤分配装 置出口端的分布示意图；
图 5为图 2中的粉煤进料管以及各自的进料支管围绕内侧冷却夹套布 置的示意图；
图 6为本发明的粉煤分配装置的另一个实施例的粉煤进料管在粉煤分 配装置入口端分布的示意图；
图 7为图 6中的粉煤分配装置的分配出口在粉煤分配装置出口端分布 示意图。 具体实施方式
图 1示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的粉煤燃烧器的结构剖面图， 从 图中可以看出， 该粉煤燃烧器包括设置在中心位置处的点火器 1 , 该点火 器具有电点火器和独立的燃烧气和氧化剂通道 (未示出）， 在点火器 1 的外 侧设有氧化剂通道 12 , 氧化剂通道 12具有氧化剂入口 3和密封该氧化剂 通道 12的氧化剂通道盖板 2 ,氧化剂通过该入口 3进入氧化剂通道 12内。 由于火焰对燃烧器的辐射较强， 粉煤燃烧器有利地包括布置在氧化剂通道 12外侧并与其依次同轴布置的内侧冷却夹套 14和外侧冷却夹套 16, 粉煤 分配装置 9布置在内侧冷却夹套 14和外侧冷却夹套 16之间， 粉煤分配装 置 9具有入口端 9a、 出口端 9b以及在入口端和出口端之间延伸的分配通 道 9c (参见图 2和图 5)。 该入口端 9a由分配通道盖板 19密封， 在粉煤分 配装置 9的出口端优选设有环形支撑板 11 , 该支撑板 11连接内侧冷却夹 套 14和外侧冷却夹套 16。 虽然在该实施例中， 燃料器的燃料为粉煤， 但 本领域技术人员应当明白， 这种燃烧器也可以用燃气、 油以及其它任何可 根据本发明， 粉煤分配装置 9包括在出口端 9a延伸穿过盖板 19的 n 个粉煤进料管 5 ,每个粉煤进料管 5分别通过设置在分配通道 9c内的粉煤 分配机构 6分出 m个进料支管，在该出口端 9b处的环形支撑板 11上设有 n组分配开口， 每组包括沿该出口端的周向均匀分布的 m个分配开口， 每 个粉煤进料管 5所分出的 m个进料支管 8依次围绕内侧冷却夹套 14盘旋 一定角度后分别与所述每组的 m个分配开口连通， 其中 m, 11为 > 2的正 整数。 这种情况下， 每个粉煤进料管 5所分出的 m个进料支管 8中的任意 两个进料支管之间的间隔角度为 360 m。在本发明中， 所述环形支撑板 11 上的 n x m个分配开口被构造成沿该环形支撑板 11 的周向均匀分布在同一 圓周上， 从而使 n个粉煤进料管 5的 n x m个进料支管 8的出口的沿出口 端 9b的周向均匀地分布， 并且任意相邻两进料支管 8的出口之间的间隔 角度为 360 η X m。
在本实施例中， 内侧冷却夹套 14通过内侧冷却夹套盖板 21密封， 形 成环形空腔， 在该环形空腔内设有隔板 13 , 将其分为内腔和外腔， 外腔与 冷却介质入口 4连通， 内腔与冷却介质出口 20连通， 从而形成内外两层冷 却通道， 冷却介质由内侧冷却夹套 14上端的入口 4进入外层冷却通道， 然后经内层冷却通道从出口 20流出。 设置在粉煤分配装置 9外侧的外侧 冷却夹套 16的结构与内侧冷却夹套 14的结构基本类似， 其同样具有将环 形空腔分成内腔和外腔的隔板 15 ,以及与外腔连通的冷却介质入口 7和与 内腔连通的冷却介质出口 17。外侧冷却夹套 16的外侧固接有连接法兰 10, 该连接法兰与炉体 (未示出）密封连接。 本领域技术人员应当理解， 在上述 冷却夹套中， 其中的介质可以是水或者其它任何合适的冷却介质。
上述冷却夹套的这种构造使得在燃烧器的端面位置处，冷却介质的流向 与流道面积减小的方向一致， 致使冷却介质的流速和湍速度不断增加， 强化 了对流换热效果， 增强了冷却效果， 更好地避免了火焰辐射和高温气体对燃 烧器的损坏， 延长了燃烧器的使用寿命。
参见图 2和图 5 ,示出了根据本发明的粉煤分配装置 9的一个实施例， 在该实施例中， m, n=3 , 即^ 分:)某^ ^酉己 9的入口 9a ϋ^ΐ^"^^中入 该分配通道 9c的 3根粉煤进料管 5 ,这 3根粉煤进料管穿过分配通道盖板 19上沿圓周分布的三个开口 A、 B、 C固定布置 (参见图 4), 使得相邻两根 粉煤进料管之间的间隔角度为 360 3=120。，每根粉煤进料管 5通过粉煤分 配装置 6分出 3根进料支管 8。 如图 3所示， 在粉煤分配装置 9的出口端 9b处的环形支撑板 11上设有 3组分配开口， 每组包括 3个分配开口， 即 第 I组： Al、 A2、 A3 , 第 II组： Bl、 Β2、 Β3 , 第 III组： Cl、 C2、 C3 , 并且这 3组分配开口按照 Al、 Bl、 CI , A2、 B2、 C2 , A3、 B3、 C3的 顺序均匀地沿圓周交替分布， 使得任意相邻两个分配开口例如 Al、 B1之 间的间隔角度为 360 3x3=40°。 在粉煤分配装置 9的配置过程中， 首先将 3根粉煤进料管 5中的一根粉煤进料管的 3根进料支管 8依次分别围绕内 侧冷却夹套 14旋转一定角度后与第 I组分配开口 Al、 A2、 A3连通， 并 固定在支撑板 11上； 然后依次将其余两根粉煤进料管 5各自的 3根进料 支管 8依次分别围绕内侧冷却夹套 14旋转一定角度后， 分别与第 II组分 配开口 Bl、 B2、 B3 , 第 III组分配开口 Cl、 C2、 C3连通， 并固定于支撑 板 11上， 从而这 9根进料支管 8的出口在粉煤分配装置 9的出口端均匀 地沿圓周分布。
本领域技术人员应当理解， 采用这样的结构， 在一根粉煤进料管 5断 料或出现故障时， 例如延伸穿过开口 A的粉煤进料管断煤时， 延伸穿过开 口 B、 C的两路粉煤进料管仍能正常工作， 从而在粉煤分配装置 9的出口 处， 由 B、 C两路粉煤进料管分出的六根进料支管在分配开口 Bl、 B2、 B3、 Cl、 C2、 C3处仍然沿圓周方向相对于点火器 1的中心对称排列工作； 在两根粉煤进料管断料的情况下， 例如延伸穿过开口 A、 B的两路粉煤进 料管出现故障， 延伸穿过开口 C的粉煤进料管仍能正常工作， 并且在粉煤 分配装置 9的出口端， 该粉煤进料管所分出的 3根进料支管 8在分配开口 Cl、 C2、 C3处仍沿圓周方向相对于点火器 1的中心对称排列工作。 因此， 当三根中的一根或两根粉煤进料管出现故障时， 燃烧器的火焰形状都不会 改变， 从而避免了火焰偏烧引起的系统停机或气化装置损坏的情况下， 在 工况正常的情况下，每根进料支管 8喷出的粉煤与内侧的氧化剂撞击混合， 形成单独的小火焰， 相邻的小火焰撞击后可形成一圏均匀的火焰， 从而保 证了炉膛温度的均匀性。
图 6-7示出了根据本发明的粉煤分配装置的另一个实施例， 在该实施 例中， n=2, m=4, 即在粉煤分配装置 9的入口端 9a处设有延伸入该分配 通道 9c的 2根粉煤进料管 5 , 这 2根粉煤进料管穿过分配通道盖板 19上 沿圓周分布的两个开口 D、 E固定布置 (参见图 6), 使得相邻两根粉煤进料 管之间的间隔角度为 360 2=180。， 每根粉煤进料管 5通过粉煤分配装置 6 分出 4根进料支管 8。 如图 7所示， 在粉煤分配装置 9的出口端 9b处的环 形支撑板 11上设有 2组分配开口， 每组包括 4个分配开口， 即第 I组： Dl、 D 2、 D 3、 D4, 第 II组： El、 Ε2、 Ε3、 Ε4, 并且这两组分配开口按 照 Dl、 El , D2、 E2, D3、 E3 , D4、 E4的顺序均匀地沿圓周交替分布， 使得任意相邻两个分配开口例如 Dl、E1之间的间隔角度为 360 2x4=45。。 在粉煤分配装置 9的配置过程中， 首先将两根粉煤进料管 5中的一根粉煤 进料管的 4根进料支管 8依次分别围绕内侧冷却夹套 14旋转一定角度后 与第 I组分配开口 Dl、 D 2、 D 3、 D4连通， 并固定在支撑板 11上； 然后 依次将另一根粉煤进料管 5的 4个进料支管 8依次分别围绕内侧冷却夹套 14旋转一定角度后， 分别与第 II组分配开口 El、 E2、 E3、 E4连通， 并固 定于支撑板 11上， 从而这 8根进料支管 8的出口在该粉煤分配装置 9的 出口端均匀地沿圓周分布。
采用上述结构， 当一根粉煤进料管 5断煤或出现故障时， 如延伸穿过 开口 D的粉煤进料管断煤时， 粉煤分配装置 9仍能正常工作， 且在粉煤分 配装置 9的出口端 9b, 延伸穿过开口 E的四根粉煤进料支管在分配开口 El、 E2、 E3、 E4处沿圓周方向仍相对于点火器 1的中心对称排列工作； 在 E出现故障的情况下， D路进料管道仍能正常工作， 且在粉煤通道的出 口处， 由 D粉煤进料管分出的 Dl、 D2、 D3、 D4 这四根进料支管在圓周 方向上仍均勾地相对点火器 1的中心对称分布。 因此， 不管出现上述任何 一种情况， 点火器火焰的形状都不会发生改变， 从而避免了火焰偏烧引起 的系统停机或气化装置的损坏， 在工况正常的情况下， 每个进料支管喷出 的粉煤与内侧的氧化剂撞击混合， 形成单独的小火焰， 相邻的小火焰撞击 后可以形成一圏均匀的火焰， 从而保证了炉膛温度场的均匀性。
在本发明中， 粉煤分配装置 9中粉煤进料管 5及相应的粉煤进料支管 8的配置方式并不局限于上文中详细描述的具体实施例。 只要每个粉煤进 料管 5所分出的 m个进料支管 8布置成其出口在粉煤分配装置的出口端沿 其周向相对于点火器 1的中心对称地均勾分布， 都涵盖在本发明的精神范 围内。 根据本发明的粉煤燃烧器的工作过程如下： 粉煤由高压惰性气体输 送， 进入粉煤分配装置 9中的至少两根粉煤进料管 5 , 通过粉煤分配机构， 被分为若干股均勾的粉煤支流后分别进入相应的粉煤进料支管中， 在粉煤 体进料支管内流动并从粉煤分配装置的分配出口喷出， 然后与由氧化剂通 道喷出的、 带有旋流速度的氧气掺混后， 由点火器发出的火焰点燃， 形成 均匀、粗短的火焰。 火焰稳定后， 关闭点火器； 在粉煤燃烧器结束工作后， 先停止粉煤的进料， 最后停止氧化剂进料。 在燃烧器的工作过程中， 内侧 和外侧冷却夹套内一直通有冷却介质， 冷却介质为水或其它合适冷却介 上述实施例仅为本发明最佳的具体实施方式， 但本发明的保护范围并 不局限于此， 任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明披露的技术范围 内， 可轻易想到的变化或替代， 都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。 另外， 本发明说明书中未作详细描述的内容属于本领域专业技术人员的公知技 术。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种用于燃烧器的燃料分配装置 (9), 其具有入口端 (9a)、 出口端 (9b) 和在两者之间延伸的分配通道 (9c), 以及从该入口端 (9a)延伸入该分配通道 (9c)的 n个燃料进料管 (5), 其特征是， 该出口端 (9b)设有 n组分配开口， 每 组包括沿该出口端 (9b)的周向均匀分布的 m个分配开口， 所述每个燃料进料 管 (5)各分出 m个进料支管 (8), 每个进料管 (5)所分出的 m个进料支管 (8)分 别与所述每组的 m个分配开口连通， 其中 m, 11为> 2的正整数。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的燃料分配装置， 其特征是， 所述 n组分配开 口中的任意两组的 m个分配开口沿该出口端 (9b)的周向交替排列， 使得 η m个分配开口中的任意相邻两个之间的间隔角度为 360 nxm。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的燃料分配装置， 其特征是， 所述 nxm个分配 开口配置成沿所述出口端 (9b)的周向均匀分布在同一圓周上。
4. 根据权利要求 1至所述的燃料分配装置， 其特征是， 所述每个燃料 进料管 (5)与其所分出的 m个进料支管 (8)之间设有燃料分配机构 (6)。
5. 根据权利要求 1至 4中任一项所述的燃料分配装置， 其特征是， 所 述分配通道 (9c)在该燃烧器的内侧冷却夹套 (14)和外侧冷却夹套 (16)之间形 成， 所述 n个燃料进料管 (5)各自的 m个进料支管 (8)依次盘绕在该内侧冷却 夹套 (14)的外侧。
6. 一种燃烧器， 其包括点火器 (1)、 沿该点火器 (1)向外顺次同轴布置的 氧化剂通道 (12)和燃料分配装置 (9), 该燃料分配装置 (9) 具有入口端 (9a)、 出 口端 (9b)和在两者之间延伸的分配通道 (9c), 以及从该入口端 (9a)延伸入该分 配通道 (9c)的 n个燃料进料管 (5), 其特征是， 该出口端 (9b)设有 n组分配开 口， 每组包括沿该出口端 (9b)的周向均匀分布的 m个分配开口， 所述每个燃 料进料管 (5)各分出 m个进料支管 (8), 每个进料管 (5)所分出的 m个进料支 管（8)分别与所述每组的 m个分配开口连通， 其中 m, 11为≥2的正整数。
7. 根据权利要求 6所述的燃烧器， 其特征是， 还包括设置在该氧化剂 通道 (12)和该燃料分配装置 (9)之间的内侧冷却夹套 (14), 以及设置该燃料分 配装置 (9)外侧的外侧冷却夹套 (16)。
8. 根据权利要求 6所述的燃烧器， 其特征是， 所述 n组分配开口中的 任意两组的 m个分配开口沿该出口端 (9b)的周向交替排列，使得 nxm个分配 开口中的任意相邻两个之间的间隔角度为 360 nxm。
9. 根据权利要求 8所述的燃烧器， 其特征是， 所述 nxm个分配开口配 置成沿所述出口端 (9b)的周向均匀分布在同一圓周上。
10. 根据权利要求 7所述的燃料燃烧器，其特征是，该内侧冷却夹套 (14) 和该外侧冷却夹套 (16)均被构造成环形空腔， 在所述每个环形空腔内均设有 隔板将其分成内腔和外腔， 所述外腔与冷却介质入口连通， 所述内腔与冷却 介质出口连通。
11. 根据权利要求 6至 10中任一项所述的燃料燃烧器， 其特征是， 所 述燃料分配装置 (9)的该出口端 (9b)设有环形支撑板 (11), 该 nxm个分配开口 开设在该支撑板 (11)上，用于将所述 nxm个进料支管 (8)固定在该出口端 (9b)。
12. 根据权利要求 1或 6所述的燃烧器， 其特征是， 所述燃料为粉煤。
PCT/CN2009/001548 2009-12-24 2009-12-24 一种燃料分配装置和燃烧器 WO2011075874A1 (zh)

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EP09852424.2A EP2518403B1 (en) 2009-12-24 2009-12-24 Fuel distribution device and burner
BR112012018834-8A BR112012018834B1 (pt) 2009-12-24 2009-12-24 Dispositivo de distribuição de combustível e queimador
PL09852424T PL2518403T3 (pl) 2009-12-24 2009-12-24 Urządzenie do dystrybucji paliwa i palnik
CN2009801393912A CN102265089B (zh) 2009-12-24 2009-12-24 一种燃料分配装置和燃烧器
US13/518,567 US9541283B2 (en) 2009-12-24 2009-12-24 Fuel distribution device and a burner
AU2009357329A AU2009357329B2 (en) 2009-12-24 2009-12-24 Fuel distribution device and burner
PCT/CN2009/001548 WO2011075874A1 (zh) 2009-12-24 2009-12-24 一种燃料分配装置和燃烧器
JP2012545043A JP5529291B2 (ja) 2009-12-24 2009-12-24 燃料分配装置およびバーナ
KR1020127018838A KR101365864B1 (ko) 2009-12-24 2009-12-24 버너 및 연료 분배 장치

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US20130145973A1 (en) 2013-06-13
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US9541283B2 (en) 2017-01-10
EP2518403A1 (en) 2012-10-31
KR20120104384A (ko) 2012-09-20
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