WO2011073349A1 - Lubricating composition - Google Patents
Lubricating composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011073349A1 WO2011073349A1 PCT/EP2010/069974 EP2010069974W WO2011073349A1 WO 2011073349 A1 WO2011073349 A1 WO 2011073349A1 EP 2010069974 W EP2010069974 W EP 2010069974W WO 2011073349 A1 WO2011073349 A1 WO 2011073349A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- base oil
- lubricating composition
- fischer
- group
- astm
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M111/00—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M111/04—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
- C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/17—Fisher Tropsch reaction products
- C10M2205/173—Fisher Tropsch reaction products used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/04—Detergent property or dispersant property
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/36—Seal compatibility, e.g. with rubber
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
- C10N2030/42—Phosphor free or low phosphor content compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
- C10N2030/43—Sulfur free or low sulfur content compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
- C10N2030/45—Ash-less or low ash content
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/68—Shear stability
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/252—Diesel engines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/252—Diesel engines
- C10N2040/253—Small diesel engines
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a lubricating composition
- a lubricating composition comprising a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil and one or more additives for particular use in the crankcase of an internal combustion engine, in particular a diesel engine such as a heavy duty diesel engine.
- Lubricating compositions comprising a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil and one or more additives are known in the art.
- WO 2008/055975 discloses a so- called low-SAPS lubricating composition comprising a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil and having a sulphur content of from 0.01 to 0.3 wt.%, a phosphorus content of form 0.01 to 0.1 wt.% and a sulphated ash content of from 0.1 to 1.2 wt.%, based on the total weight of the
- SAE 5W-40 lubricating compositions comprising either a mixture of Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils or a mixture of Group III base oils.
- US 2004/0094453 Al relates to the blending of a low viscosity Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil fraction with a higher viscosity conventional petroleum derived base oil fraction to produce a lubricating base oil that is useful for preparing commercial finished lubricants such as crankcase engine oils.
- Blend 6 of Example 6 comprises 20 wt.% of a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil and 80 wt.% of a Group I base oil.
- US 2005/0258078 Al relates to lubricant blends and finished gear oils comprising these lubricant blends, wherein the lubricant blends comprise a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil, a petroleum derived base oil and a pour point depressant.
- a lubricant blend is shown, comprising 55.8 wt.% of a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil, 43.9 wt.% of a Group I base oil and 0.3 wt.% of a pour point depressant.
- the blend has a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of 5.514.
- blends containing Group I base oil are not optimal when compared with blends containing Group II base oil.
- WO 2009/071609 Al relates to base oil formulations and to their preparations an uses.
- Examples 2 and 3 of WO 2009/071609 Al discloses base oil formulations ⁇ i.e. not containing additives);
- Example 2 contains 22.7 wt.%
- Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil and 77.3 wt.% of a Group I base oil, whilst Example 3 contains 41 wt.% Fischer-
- US 2003/0100453 relates to a blend of base oils which provides improved oxidation stability.
- Table II of US 2003/0100453 shows various blend combinations (not containing additives) of a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil and a Group I base oil, including a blend containing 48.5 wt.% Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil and 51.5 wt.% of a Group I base oil.
- Table A of US 2007/0142242 Al discloses a (not-preferred) lubricant formulation having a kinematic viscosity at 40 °C of 230 mm 2 /s containing 16.6 wt.% of a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil, 40.1 wt.% of a heavy Group I base oil (bright stock), 20.0 wt.% of PIB and 23.3 wt.% additives.
- a lubricating composition comprising a base oil and one or more additives, the lubricating composition comprising at least:
- lubricating composition has a kinematic viscosity at 100°C ⁇ according to ASTM D 445) of below 26.1 cSt.
- WO 2006/003119 discloses the use of Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils for improving seal swelling properties, in particular in crankcase gear oil applications and hydraulic fluids.
- WO 2006/003119 does not teach a lubricating composition containing additives and a combination of a
- Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil and a mineral derived Group I let alone for improving seal compatibility properties other than average volume and hardness in the
- the base oil used in the present invention may - in addition to the Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil and mineral derived Group I base oil - conveniently comprise mixtures of one or more mineral oils and/or one or more synthetic oils; thus, according to the present invention, the term "base oil” may refer to a mixture containing more than one base oil, including at least one Fischer-
- Mineral oils include liquid petroleum oils and solvent-treated or acid-treated mineral lubricating oil of the paraffinic, naphthenic, or mixed paraffinic/naphthenic type which may be further refined by hydrofinishing processes and/or dewaxing.
- Suitable base oils for use in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention are Group I-III mineral base oils, Group IV poly-alpha olefins (PAOs) , Group III Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils and mixtures thereof.
- Group I Group I
- Group II Group III
- Group IV base oils in the present invention are meant
- API American Petroleum Institute
- a mineral derived Group I base oil typically has a Viscosity Index in the range from 95 to 105 and typically contains less than 90 wt . % saturates ⁇ according to ASTM D 2007) and at least 0.03 wt.% sulphur ⁇ according to ASTM D
- a mineral derived Group II base oil typically contains more than 90 wt.% saturates (according to ASTM D 2007) and at most 0.03 wt.% sulphur ⁇ according to ASTM D 1552) .
- Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils are known in the art.
- Fischer-Tropsch derived is meant that a base oil is, or is derived from, a synthesis product of a Fischer-Tropsch process.
- a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil may also be referred to as a GTL (Gas-To-Liquids ) base oil.
- GTL Gas-To-Liquids
- Suitable Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils that may be conveniently used as the base oil in the
- lubricating composition of the present invention are those as for example disclosed in EP 0 776 959,
- Synthetic oils include hydrocarbon oils such as olefin oligomers (including polyalphaolefin base oils; PAOs ⁇ , dibasic acid esters, polyol esters, polyalkylene glycols (PAGs), alkyl naphthalenes and dewaxed waxy isomerates.
- Synthetic hydrocarbon base oils sold by the Shell Group under the designation "Shell XHVI" (trade mark ⁇ may be conveniently used.
- PAOs Poly-alpha olefin base oils
- lubricating compositions of the present invention may be derived from linear C 2 to C 32 , preferably C 6 to C 16 , alpha olefins.
- Particularly preferred feedstocks for said poly- alpha olefins are 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene and 1- tetradecene .
- the base oil is a PAO base oil. It is even more preferred that no PAO base oil is present.
- the total amount of base oil incorporated in the lubricating composition of the present invention is preferably present in an amount in the range of from 60 to 99 wt.%, more preferably in an amount in the range of from 65 to 90 wt.% and most preferably in an amount in the range of from 70 to 85 wt.%, based on the total weight of the lubricating composition.
- base oil is present in an amount of 0.1 - 80 wt.%, preferably in an amount below 60 wt.%, based on the total weight of the lubricating composition.
- the composition comprises from 30.0 to 80.0 wt.%, preferably from 40.0 to 60.0 wt.% of the mineral derived Group I base oil, based on the total weight of the composition. Also it is preferred that the
- the lubricating composition according to the present invention meets the so-called SAE J300
- xW-y formulations wherein x represents 10 or 15 and y represents 30 or 40.
- SAE stands for Society of Automotive Engineers. There is special preference for 15W-40, 10W-30 and 10W40 crankcase engine oils, and in particular 15W40.
- the composition has a dynamic viscosity at -20°C (according to ASTM D 5293) of below 7000 cP (1 cP is the same as 1 mPa.s).
- the dynamic viscosity at - 20°C of the composition is between 3000 and 7000 cP.
- the kinematic viscosity at 100 °C of the composition according to the present invention is below 26.1 cSt. It is preferred that the composition has a kinematic
- the kinematic viscosity at 100°C (according to ASTM D 445 ⁇ of at least 5.6 cSt, preferably at least 9.3 cSt, more preferably at least 12.5 cSt.
- the kinematic viscosity at 100°C of the composition is between 5.6 and 26.1 cSt, preferably below 16.3.
- the composition has a high temperature, high shear viscosity ("HTHS"; ' according to ASTM D 4683) of at least 2.9 cP, preferably 3.5 cP.
- HTHS high temperature, high shear viscosity
- ASTM D 4683 high shear viscosity
- the HTHS of the composition is between 2.9 and 4.5 cP.
- the Noack volatility (according to ASTM D 5800) of the composition is between 1 and 18.0 wt.%, preferably below 15.0 wt.%, more preferably below
- the lubricating composition according to the present invention further comprises one or more additives such as anti-oxidants, anti-wear additives, dispersants, detergents, overbased detergents, extreme pressure
- inventions may be conveniently prepared by admixing the one or more additives with the base oil(s).
- the above-mentioned additives are typically present in an amount in the range of from 0.01 to 35.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the lubricating composition, preferably in an amount in the range of from 0.05 to 25.0 wt.%, more preferably from 1.0 to 20.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the lubricating composition.
- the lubricating composition according to the present invention is a lubricating composition according to the present.
- invention comprises at least 1.0 wt.%, preferably at least 2.5 wt.%, of a detergent and/or dispersant, based on the total weight of the lubricating composition.
- the composition contains at least 9.0 wt.%, preferably at least 10.0 wt.%, more preferably at least 11.0 wt% of an additive package comprising an anti- wear additive, a metal detergent, an ashless dispersant and an anti-oxidant .
- SAPS sulphated ash, phosphorus and sulphur
- mid SAPS sulphated ash, phosphorus and sulphur
- regular SAPS regular SAPS
- PCMO Passenger Car Motor Oil
- a phosphorus content (according to ASTM D 5185) of up to 0.05 wt.%, up to 0.08 wt.% and typically up to
- sulphur content (according to ASTM D 5185) of up to 0.2 wt.%, up to 0.3 wt.% and typically up to 0.5 wt.%, respectively.
- sulphated ash content (according to ASTM D 874) of up to 1 wt.% (low SAPS), up to 1.5 wt.% (mid SAPS) and up to 2 wt.% (regular SAPS), respectively;
- a phosphorus content (according to ASTM D 5185) of up to 0.08 wt.% (low SAPS) and up to 0.12 wt.% (mid and regular SAPS) , respectively;
- sulphur content (according to ASTM D 5185) of up to 0.3 wt.% (low SAPS), up to 0.4 wt.% (mid and regular SAPS in Group II/II base oils) and over 1.0 wt.% (mid and regular SAPS in Group I base oil) respectively.
- the lubricating composition according to the present invention may meet the above SAPS ranges for engine oils, even if the lubricating composition is intended for a different application.
- the present invention provides the use of the lubricating composition according to the present invention in order to improve one or more of the following properties:
- the present invention provides the use of a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil as defined in the present invention in order to improve one or more of the following properties:
- the present invention is not limited to a certain type of lubricant, the present invention is of special use as an engine oil in internal combustion engines and more in particular compression ignition engines for transportation and other means of energy generation.
- Compression ignition engines, or “diesel engines” feature among the main type of engines employed for passenger cars in Europe, and globally for heavy-duty applications, as well as for stationary power generation as a result of their high efficiency.
- a diesel engine is an internal combustion engine; more specifically, it is a compression ignition engine, in which the fuel/air mixture is ignited by being compressed until it ignites due to the temperature increase due to compression, rather than by a separate source of ignition, such as a spark plug, as is the case of gasoline engines.
- Table 1 indicates the composition and properties of the fully formulated engine oil formulations that were tested; the amounts of the components are given in wt.%, based on the total weight of the fully formulated
- All tested engine oil formulations contained a combination of a base oil, an additive package, and a viscosity modifier, which additive package was the same in all tested compositions.
- the additive package contained a combination of additives including anti-oxidants, a zinc-based anti-wear additives, an ashless dispersant, more than 1.0 wt.% of an overbased detergent mixture, about 0.2 wt.% of a pour point depressant and about 30 ppm of an anti-foaming agent .
- a conventional viscosity modifier concentrate was used to adjust the viscosities.
- Base oil 1 was a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil ( “GIL 4”) having a kinematic viscosity at 100°C ⁇ ASTM
- This GTL 4 base oil may be conveniently manufactured by the process described in e.g. WO-A-02/070631, the teaching of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
- Base oil 2 was mineral derived Group I base oils having a kinematic viscosity at 100°C ⁇ ASTM D445) of approx. 5 cSt ⁇ mm 2 s _1 ) , 8 cSt and 11 cSt, respectively, commercially available from e.g. Shell Base Oils under the trade designations "HVI 60", “HVI 105" and “HVI 160S”.
- Base oil 5" and “Base Oil 6 were mineral derived Group II base oils having a kinematic viscosity at 100°C (ASTM D445) of approx, 6 cSt (mm 2 s -1 ) and 12 cSt ,
- compositions of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were obtained by mixing the base oils with the additive package and viscosity modifier using conventional lubricant blending procedures.
- compositions of Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 meet the requirements of a 15W-40 formulation according to SAE J300.
- Carbon black ⁇ Vulcan XC72R available from Cabot (Leuven, Belgium) was preheated in an oven at 140°C for at least 12 hours. 1.25 g of the carbon black and 25 g of oil sample were measured in a 150 ml bottle
- stirrer bar (corresponding to 4.76 wt.% of carbon black). Then, a stirrer bar was added in the bottle and the bottle was closed with a lid. The bottle was placed on a heated stirrer block (at 100°C ⁇ to equilibrate overnight.
- Examples 3 and 4 (only containing mineral derived Group I or II base oils) .
- Comparative Example 3 (containing mineral derived Group I base oils ⁇ did not pass the tensile strength part of the AK6 test (- 52.3%; beyond the limit of -50% min) , whilst Examples 1 and 2 ⁇ containing a combination of Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil and mineral Group I base oil) did pass.
- the tensile strength gives a good impression of the extent to which the mechanical properties of a test specimen change upon contact with lubricant; a large % means better results.
- Examples 1 and 2 exceeded Comparative Example 3 significantly in the NBR34 test with respect to volume change (2.0 and 2.5 versus 3.4) and tensile strength (2.8 and 0.4 versus -3.6); in the ACM E7503 test with respect to volume change (1.5 and 2.5 versus 3.4) and tensile strength (3.5 and 2.8 versus -1.4); and in the EAM D8948- 200 test with respect to hardness (2 and 0 versus -3) and volume change (2.9 and 6.1 versus 10.3). Seal swell or shrinkage can have an effect on the sealing performance; a minimal change in volume upon contact with lubricant is desired to ensure the seal gives the fit for which it is designed.
- Comparative Examples 1 and 2 containing a combination of Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil and mineral Group I base oil exceeded Comparative Example 4
- Example 1 and 2 perform better than Comp. Ex. 3, whilst there is a preference for Example 1 in respect of dispersancy properties.
- the lubricating compositions according to the present invention further exhibited improved low T pumpability properties (as evidenced by high reduction rates ⁇ .
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2012543769A JP5718358B2 (ja) | 2009-12-16 | 2010-12-16 | 潤滑組成物 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP09179389A EP2186872A1 (en) | 2009-12-16 | 2009-12-16 | Lubricating composition |
EP09179389.3 | 2009-12-16 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2011073349A1 true WO2011073349A1 (en) | 2011-06-23 |
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ID=42027703
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/EP2010/069974 WO2011073349A1 (en) | 2009-12-16 | 2010-12-16 | Lubricating composition |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP2186872A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5718358B2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2011073349A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2880140B1 (en) | 2012-07-30 | 2016-07-27 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104471042A (zh) * | 2012-06-21 | 2015-03-25 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | 润滑组合物 |
FR3050996A1 (fr) * | 2016-05-04 | 2017-11-10 | Total Marketing Services | Composition hydraulique grand froid |
CN112384599B (zh) * | 2018-07-13 | 2023-05-30 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | 润滑组合物 |
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EP2880140B2 (en) † | 2012-07-30 | 2023-03-08 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP5718358B2 (ja) | 2015-05-13 |
JP2013514416A (ja) | 2013-04-25 |
EP2186872A1 (en) | 2010-05-19 |
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