WO2011072606A1 - 回馈能量的电动车 - Google Patents

回馈能量的电动车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011072606A1
WO2011072606A1 PCT/CN2010/079811 CN2010079811W WO2011072606A1 WO 2011072606 A1 WO2011072606 A1 WO 2011072606A1 CN 2010079811 W CN2010079811 W CN 2010079811W WO 2011072606 A1 WO2011072606 A1 WO 2011072606A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
motor
battery
electric
electric vehicle
permanent magnet
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2010/079811
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李俊
李书达
朱其龙
Original Assignee
Li Jun
Li Shuda
Zhu Qilong
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN200910114636A external-priority patent/CN101804847A/zh
Priority claimed from CN200910114637A external-priority patent/CN101797896A/zh
Application filed by Li Jun, Li Shuda, Zhu Qilong filed Critical Li Jun
Publication of WO2011072606A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011072606A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/007—Physical arrangements or structures of drive train converters specially adapted for the propulsion motors of electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/20—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power generated by humans or animals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/30—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power stored mechanically, e.g. in fly-wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • B60L50/62—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles charged by low-power generators primarily intended to support the batteries, e.g. range extenders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/12—Bikes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electric vehicle, and more particularly to an electric vehicle or an electric bicycle capable of converting kinetic energy of walking into electric energy and storing it, and effectively providing power to the motor to enable continuous walking.
  • An electric vehicle is a vehicle that uses all or part of electric energy to drive an electric motor as a power system.
  • Electric vehicles include pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles and fuel cell electric vehicles.
  • the characteristics of electric vehicles are: no exhaust emission, good environmental protection effect; low noise, only 25% of the noise of traditional cars; high thermal efficiency, nearly 50% higher than traditional fuel vehicles; less waste heat, effective Reduce the "heat island effect" of the city; Recyclable energy; Improve energy structure, solve the problem of energy substitution of automobiles; Simple structure, easy to use and maintain.
  • the number of cars in the world is about 800 million, and it is increasing at a rate of 30 million vehicles per year. It is estimated that by 2010, the global car ownership will reach more than 1 billion vehicles.
  • Transportation energy consumption has become one of the main sources of local environmental pollution and global greenhouse gas emissions. The development of electric vehicles can effectively solve the problems of transportation energy consumption and environmental pollution.
  • the salient pole of the stator is provided with a field winding, and the windings of the in-phase winding are opposite on the adjacent salient poles, and the windings on the poles are connected in series, and electromagnetic system is realized at the same time.
  • the total pole arc margin of the sum of the poles on the circumference of the rotor and the overlap of the poles of the rotor is electromagnetically attracted between 60 degrees and 200 degrees, and the coincident poles are overlapped.
  • Symmetrically distributed on the circumference the rotor salient pole width is greater than the slot width.
  • the invention provides an adjustable speed rotating electric machine which has the functions of electric power generation, power generation feedback and electromagnetic braking.
  • the wind is reduced by expanding the volume, and the reduced wind is discharged from the air outlet and the other end which are integrally disposed outside the air guiding duct, and the wind is generated while the wind passes through the wind wheel of the generator.
  • Two three-phase AC wind turbines installed in the wind turbine generate electricity through a voltage-stabilized rectifier, which is rectified to send the generator higher than the battery voltage. Galvanic source connected to the battery power source, the electric car can automatically charge the battery during running.
  • the wind turbine is connected by a frequency converter, a quick charger and a main battery, and the quick charger is provided with a connector connected to a rectifier of the AC power source, and the auxiliary battery of the solar battery is connected with a system such as illumination, and the above device is used in the driving process of the electric vehicle.
  • the continuous charging of the main battery or the auxiliary battery effectively overcomes the defects of the existing electric vehicle.
  • the present invention relates to an automobile automatic power generation device, which belongs to the field of automobile manufacturing, and mainly solves the problem of how to convert useless energy generated by vibration of a car during driving into useful energy.
  • the device is composed of an energy conversion device and an execution motor, both of which are fixed under the car, and the lower end of the rack projects out of the device and is fixed on the axle.
  • the device is cleverly designed, simple in structure, easy to manufacture, low in cost, high in conversion efficiency, and can be installed on fuel vehicles and electric vehicles (including hybrid vehicles) for energy recovery and recycling.
  • the utility model has the following advantages:
  • the energy supplemented for the automobile is non-polluting wind energy and mechanical energy, eliminating the pollution caused by the automobile, supplementing the energy in the exercise of the automobile, extending the mileage of the vehicle, and having a simple structure and light weight. , reliable and durable, low cost.
  • the above-mentioned public literature is modified in the original "consumption type" which relies only on battery power, and becomes “capacity type”.
  • the kinetic energy generated on the axle of the walking process is converted into electric energy through the engine, directly driving the vehicle to walk, or
  • the electric energy is stored in the battery, so that after the electric vehicle travels a certain distance, the battery can walk without relying on the self-charging device without charging.
  • the self-charging device reported in the open literature also has the following disadvantages: 1.
  • the generator design is unreasonable, and the emitted electricity cannot be supplied to the automobile through an effective device; 2.
  • the battery charging circuit cannot solve the battery aging problem; 3.
  • Current The self-charging device cannot guarantee that the electric vehicle will travel a long distance. Therefore, there are not many that can be implemented and put into the market at present.
  • a power-assisted device for an electric bicycle including a casing, a fixed terminal, Spring, DC motor, pressure plate, arc-shaped rack, flywheel, transmission gear, power generation device has a box-shaped outer casing, which is connected to the positioning shaft through a fixed terminal; the positioning plate is connected to the front of the pressure plate, and an arc-shaped rack extending into the casing is arranged behind,
  • the serrated surface is meshed with the right side small wheel serrated surface of the shifting gear;
  • the shifting gear is embedded on the shifting gear connecting shaft, the flywheel is embedded on the flywheel connecting shaft, and the ratchet inner ring gear is connected with a ratchet, the flywheel pinion and the shifting gear
  • the left outer round large wheel serrated surface engages, the left side large saw of the shift gear drives the flywheel pinion to rotate, and the ratche
  • the mechanical generator is composed of a driving sprocket disposed on a rear wheel axle motor casing and a generator disposed on an electric vehicle floor.
  • the generator has a driven sprocket, an active and a driven sprocket on a main shaft thereof.
  • the magnetic energy generator is composed of a permanent magnet rotor disposed on the front wheel hub and an induction coil rotor disposed on the front wheel axle
  • the output of the magnetic energy generator is connected to the input end of the battery through a wire.
  • the system can reduce the number of times the battery is charged, increase the distance traveled by the electric vehicle, and reduce operating costs.
  • the rectifier includes a three-phase full-wave bridge rectifier, a neutral harmonic rectifier, and a three-phase half-wave rectifier.
  • the three-phase full-wave bridge rectifier consists of three positive grounded diodes and three negative grounded diodes.
  • the three-phase half-wave rectifier consists of three diodes.
  • the harmonic rectifier consists of two diodes and a three-phase winding load of a three-phase alternator.
  • the voltage regulator is connected between a diode of the three-phase half-wave rectifier and a three-phase alternator rotor winding.
  • CN2486380 Application Wang Yunqing, Address: Inventor of the Agricultural Bank of the East Section of Xiangyang Road, Xinxiang City, Henan province (Design): Wang Yunqing, Abstract: Self-charging electric bicycle, which includes an electric bicycle, characterized by: A wire-wrap stator of a generator is concentrically fixed on the front axle of the electric bicycle, and a magnetic steel ring rotor of the generator is fixed on the front wheel bar corresponding to the stator, and a wire and a rectifier are connected between the battery and the wire package stator. charger.
  • the utility model has the advantages of automatically charging the battery during running, and not only charging after use, but also the electric driving distance is not limited, which brings great convenience to the user. It can be installed not only on electric bicycles, but also on other electric bicycles.
  • the energy-returning electric vehicle includes a frame, a wheel, an axle, an electric motor mounted on the axle, and a battery for powering the electric motor, characterized in that: a set of sprocket or gear or other transmission device is mounted on the flywheel of the rear axle, Chain, transmission rod or gear transmission to the sprocket or gear on the permanent magnet alternator shaft, driving the permanent magnet alternator to generate electricity, the output winding and detection device of the permanent magnet alternator, intelligent controller, power processing circuit, motor The control circuit is connected, the detecting device is connected to the motor control circuit, the motor and the battery, and the battery output lead is connected to the motor.
  • the intelligent controller described above uses a PC control system, which is based on a PC, and includes a program memory, a data memory, and a CPU monitor. It can be a dual power conversion switch intelligent controller, and the controller has the following Function, 1. When any power supply stops supplying power, its control switch automatically switches to another power supply output to supply power to the load. 2. When any power supply has voltage loss, undervoltage, or lack of equal fault, its control switch automatically converts another way. Power output; 3. When two power supplies are powered at the same time, the control switch is switched to the main power output. In the power conversion of the electric bicycle self-charging, when the permanent magnet alternator generates electricity to charge the battery, it can also control the battery pair. The motor control circuit outputs power to the motor for travel.
  • the detection device described above detects the power generation output and the battery output of the permanent magnet alternator.
  • the hardware component of the detection device is mainly composed of a main control circuit, a signal acquisition circuit and a power supply circuit, and the main control circuit is composed of an intelligent controller. PC control, the detection device can output DC power when the line is powered off, which is used to drive the motor to work to achieve the purpose of detecting the line and making the equipment work normally.
  • the motor control circuit described above comprises a bridge rectifier, a thyristor controller and an adjustable resistor.
  • the alternating current output from the permanent magnet alternator is rectified by a bridge rectifier and a thyristor controller, which can achieve voltage regulation or stability.
  • the working principle of the electric vehicle with energy feedback is: Since a set of sprocket or gear is mounted on the rear axle, the kinetic energy of the sprocket or gear is transmitted to the permanent magnet alternating current power through the chain or the gear during the walking of the electric vehicle.
  • the sprocket or gear on the crankshaft drives the permanent magnet alternator to generate electricity.
  • the motor control circuit Due to the installation of the detection device and the intelligent controller, the motor control circuit is provided. When the speed of the moped is slow or climbs, the battery outputs DC power and drives the motor to work. When the electric vehicle is running normally, the permanent magnet generator works to output AC power. After the motor control circuit rectifies and controls, it starts to directly supply the motor to work.
  • the invention uses an electric vehicle to install a permanent magnet alternator and an electronic converter, and uses a motor control circuit to control the electric energy to supplement the battery energy, fully utilize the driving speed, and when the electric vehicle accelerates overtaking or climbing, the alternating current power is generated.
  • the machine level and the battery jointly power the electric vehicle and release the electric energy to supplement the impact energy required by the electric vehicle.
  • the electric vehicle can be continuously charged during use, and can be driven without relying on external energy, and the power generating device is small in size, simple in structure, and convenient to install.
  • the generator and the motor control circuit are installed under the frame, and the chain of the speed-regulating hub of the motor gear is connected with the governor, and then the belt of the transmission hub of the governor is connected with the generator to form self-generation, and the power is generated.
  • the machine-to-motor control circuit inputs the battery box.
  • the permanent-magnet single-phase AC generator can make the battery get fast power supplement, increase the mileage, reduce the charging times and reduce the cost, and the noise is small, which brings benefits to users and the environment.
  • the control terminals of the PC are respectively connected to the detection device, the intelligent controller, the power processing circuit, and the motor control circuit, and rely on the precise control of the PC, so that the working process of each component can be coordinated, compared with the existing electric motor.
  • the car has fully automatic control, and the working state from mechanical energy to electrical energy is stable, which greatly improves the utilization rate of mechanical energy.
  • the internal combustion alternator assembled by the electric vehicle provides power for the electric vehicle. If the speed exceeds 20 kilometers per hour, the self-generator power generation has excess electric energy to charge the battery.
  • the battery provides energy when the motor is in the braking state.
  • the invention adopts the "power generation controller” technology dedicated to electric vehicles, and has the functions of normal power generation during driving and constant current power generation during smooth roads.
  • the driver can perform normal power generation or constant current power generation through reasonable operation, thereby achieving "energy-saving self-generation, side-opening charging.”
  • the power recovery can reach about 35%, the extended mileage can be extended by 50%, and the battery life can be extended by 50 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 0%.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the working principle and structure of the machine of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a smart controller of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the motor control circuit.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic view of an electric vehicle to which the self-charging traveling device of the present invention is mounted.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic view of an electric tricycle to which the self-charging traveling device of the present invention is mounted.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view of an electric bicycle equipped with the self-charging walking device of the present invention.
  • the electric vehicle that returns energy includes a frame, a wheel 2, an axle, an electric motor 1 mounted on the axle, a battery 8 that powers the electric motor 1, and a set of sprocket or gear mounted on the rear axle 11A.
  • the sprocket or gear transmitted to the permanent magnet alternator shaft through the chain 4 or the gear drives the permanent magnet alternator 5 to generate electricity, and the output winding of the permanent magnet alternator is connected with the PC (microcomputer) and the electronic converter 6
  • the electronic converter 6 has a wire 7 connected to the battery 8, and the battery 8 output leads to the motor 1.
  • the electric vehicle that returns energy includes a frame, a wheel 2, an axle, an electric motor 1 mounted on the axle, a battery 8 that powers the electric motor 1, and a set of sprocket or gear on the flywheel 3 of the rear axle 11A, through the chain 4 Or the gear is transmitted to the front axle of the 11B to drive the front wheel of the 10, and at the same time, the permanent magnet alternator 5 is driven to generate electricity, and the output winding of the permanent magnet alternator 5 is connected with the intelligent controller 9 (PC or microcomputer) and the motor control circuit 6.
  • the motor control circuit 6 has a wire 7 connected to the battery 8, and a battery 8 output lead is connected to the motor 1.
  • the output winding of the permanent magnet alternator is connected with the detecting device, the intelligent controller, the power processing circuit, the motor control circuit, the detecting device is connected with the motor control circuit, the motor and the battery, and the battery output
  • the lead wire is connected to the motor.
  • the intelligent controller adopts the PC control system, which is based on the 803] single-chip microcomputer, including program memory, data memory and CPU monitor. It can be a dual power conversion switch intelligent controller.
  • the controller has the following functions: 1. When any power supply stops supplying power, its control switch automatically switches to another power supply output to supply power to the load. 2. When any power supply has voltage loss, undervoltage, or lack of equal fault, its control switch automatically switches to another power supply output; When the two power sources are simultaneously powered, the control switch is switched to the main power output.
  • the control switch In the power conversion of the electric vehicle self-charging walking, when the permanent magnet alternator generates electricity to charge the battery, it can also control the battery to the motor control circuit. The output power is supplied to the motor for walking.
  • the detecting device checks the power generation output and the battery output of the permanent magnet alternator.
  • the hardware component of the detection device is mainly composed of a main control circuit, a signal acquisition circuit and a power supply circuit.
  • the main control circuit is controlled by the PC of the intelligent controller.
  • the detection device can output DC power when the line is powered off, and is used to drive the motor. Work to achieve the purpose of detecting the line and making the equipment work properly.
  • the motor control circuit includes a bridge rectifier 21, a thyristor controller 22, and an adjustable resistor 23, and the alternating current output from the permanent magnet alternator is rectified and thyristor via the bridge rectifier 21.
  • the controller 22 can realize voltage regulation or steady current function, and has overcurrent protection, soft start and pulse lock function, and direct control can be realized by switch switching (overcurrent protection function still works).
  • the electric vehicle 16 includes a frame, wheels, axles, an electric motor mounted on the axle, a battery 8 that powers the electric motor, and a set of sprocket or gear on the flywheel of the rear axle, through a chain or gear Passing to the sprocket or gear on the permanent magnet alternator shaft, driving the permanent magnet alternator 5 to generate electricity, the output winding of the permanent magnet alternator is connected with the intelligent controller (PC or microcomputer), motor control circuit, motor control The circuit has wires connected to the battery 8, and the battery 8 output leads to the motor.
  • PC personal computer
  • motor control circuit motor control The circuit has wires connected to the battery 8, and the battery 8 output leads to the motor.
  • the electric tricycle 13 includes a frame, a wheel, an axle, an electric motor mounted on the axle, a battery 8 for powering the electric motor, and a set of sprocket or gear on the flywheel 3 of the rear axle, through a chain or The gear is transmitted to the sprocket or gear on the permanent magnet alternator shaft, and the permanent magnet alternator 5 is driven to generate electricity.
  • the output winding of the permanent magnet alternator is connected with the intelligent controller (PC or microcomputer), the motor control circuit, and the motor.
  • the control circuit has a wire connected to the battery 8, and the output of the battery 8 is connected to the motor.
  • the electric bicycle 12 includes a frame, a wheel, an axle, an electric motor mounted on the axle, a battery 8 for powering the electric motor, and a set of sprocket or gear on the flywheel 3 of the rear axle, through a chain or The gear is transmitted to the sprocket or gear on the permanent magnet alternator shaft, and the permanent magnet alternator 5 is driven to generate electricity.
  • the output winding of the permanent magnet alternator is connected with the intelligent controller (PC or microcomputer), the motor control circuit, and the motor.
  • the control circuit has a wire connected to the battery 8, and the output of the battery 8 is connected to the motor.
  • the inventor installed an electric vehicle and charged it once to reach 48V 20A. From Longtan Town in Bobai County, Guangxi province to Tanlian Town, there are 8 round trips, 7 kilometers each time, 112 kilometers in total, and 80% of battery power. If you walk on the road, driving inertia, you can travel hundreds of kilometers or more. It can be seen that the present invention converts the inertial motion potential energy of the vehicle into electrical energy.
  • the generator sends an AC 150V voltage, and the speed can reach 15 to 45 km/h.
  • the AC 220V 50HZ can be automatically transferred to each device for operation, ie: one second, transfer to each automatic device. , for example, charging, lighting, horns, tram motors.
  • DC voltage: 36V, 48 V, 60V, 96V, can Quick work, can achieve self-sufficiency, overcome the shortcomings of improving the electric vehicle battery can not travel more than 80 kilometers.
  • the car exchange device When the speed of electric vehicles is 15 to 50 kilometers per hour, the car exchange device can be regulated to operate normally at 180V-240V50HZ.
  • the permanent magnet single-phase alternator can drive various electronic components under the driving of more than 15 kilometers.
  • the electronic converter When the speed is up to 15 km I, the electronic converter automatically disconnects the battery power and switches to fast automatic charging, which can extend the practical life of the battery. After the speed is lower than 5 km/h, the electronic conversion is automatically transferred to the motor. Reduce costs, low noise, no exhaust pollution.
  • the generator utilizes the inertial potential energy in driving, but only when the speed reaches 15 km/h or more, it can emit single-phase alternating current, and spontaneously charge the battery to increase the recovery energy by more than 80%.
  • the permanent magnet single-phase alternator is powered by the controller's power generation function, and it is switched from the power consumption state of the vehicle to the state of charge while driving.
  • the vehicle speed reaches 15-30 km/h, the vehicle uses inertia to save energy. , charging while charging, recycling energy, this electric car into urban and rural households, will save the country a lot of energy.
  • Permanent magnet single-phase alternator rides an electric vehicle with inertial self-generating device, which not only can be charged while powering on, but also increases the mileage of each charge, and can extend the service life of the battery, thus extending the electric motor. Car life.
  • the electric vehicle that feeds energy can use the battery when the vehicle is more than a multi-vehicle or when it needs to decelerate when the red light is needed.
  • the speed can be self-charged at a speed of 15 km/h.
  • the electric vehicle can see the bidirectional ammeter.
  • the surface can indicate that the driving current meter is deflected to the right.
  • the permanent magnet single-phase alternator emits voltage and current.
  • the electric vehicle with energy feedback is suitable for urban, township and rural areas. It spontaneously charges more than 15 kilometers spontaneously, intelligent control function, using inertia spontaneous self-charging during driving, when the speed reaches 20-40 km/h, it can be cycled multiple times. Up to 250 kilometers or more.
  • the electric vehicle can drive the electric vehicle forward with the speed of inertia at a speed of 15 km/h.
  • each controller can generate single-phase alternating current, and each controller can change the kinetic energy in inertia, that is, the driving speed is up to 20 km/h.
  • Each electronic controller is quickly switched, that is, the battery power is automatically disconnected and powered by the generator. Charging and supplementing the battery consumption before driving can ensure sufficient power.
  • the motor drives the car forward by inertia force.
  • the permanent magnet alternator drives the motor to generate electricity for charging by the inertia.
  • Many electric vehicles do not drive. There is no electricity to 200 kilometers, and it is impossible to drive without charging.
  • the inventor uses the electric vehicle to travel at a speed, inertia is equipped with a permanent magnet alternator, an electronic converter, and the super capacitor bank is used to release electric energy to supplement the battery energy, twice to fully utilize the driving speed, and once the electric vehicle is accelerated
  • the permanent magnet alternator supplies power to the electric vehicle, and the battery releases electric energy to supplement the impact energy required by the electric vehicle.

Description

回馈能量的电动车 技术领域
本发明涉及一种电动车， 特别是能够将行走的动能转变成电能并存储起来， 并有 效用于提供给电动机动力而使之能够持续行走的电动汽车、 电动自行车。 背景技术
自上个世纪末人们制造的汽车诞生以来， 已经有 100多年的历史。 在这期间， 汽 车一直是世界最主要的交通工具。 随着汽车工业的发展， 燃料汽车的能耗、 废气排放、 噪声和污染等问题逐渐凸显出来， 如何找到一种能耗小、 污染低的汽车， 来代替现在 普遍使用的燃料汽车， 成为汽车业界新的课题。
电动汽车是指全部或部分用电能驱动电动机作为动力系统的汽车。 电动汽车包含 纯电动汽车、 混合动力电动汽车和燃料电池电动汽车。 电动汽车的特点有： 无尾气排 放， 具有良好的环境保护效果； 噪声低， 仅为传统汽车噪音的 25 % ; 热效率高， 比传 统燃油汽车高出近 50%以上； 排放的废热少， 可有效减轻城市 "热岛效应"； 可回收 利用的能量多； 可以改善能源结构， 解决汽车的能源替代问题； 结构简单， 使用维护 方便等。 目前世界汽车保有量约为 8亿辆， 并以每年 3000万辆的速度递增。 预计到 2010年， 全球汽车保有量将达到 10亿辆以上。交通能源消耗， 已经成为局部环境污染 和全球温室气体排放的主要来源之一。 电动汽车的发展可有效解决交通能源消耗和环 境污染问题。
但是目前电动汽车存在的最大不足之处是是蓄电池容量小， 电能消耗快， 需要经 常进行充电， 如果在使用过程中它的电池中没电了， 就会极大地影响人们的工作， 为 了克服这些问题， 很多人对发电回馈的电动车进行了研究， 主要在电动车中增加一套 自动发电、 充电装置， 经过检索， 我们査到的文献如下- 1、 【题名】兼有电动、 发电回馈和电磁制动功能的电动汽车轮毂式电机， 【作者】 王贵明 [1] 王金懿 [2] 【机构】 [1]浙江工业大学机电学院 [2]华数数字电视交通节目部 【刊名】 上海汽车.2009(4).-6-10【文摘】 电动汽车驱动电机的理想要求是同时兼有电 动、 发电回馈和电磁制动 3项功能。 为兼顾并提高电机的多功能要求， 提出了对变磁 阻双凸极电机改进的原理和措施。 对所设计的两种轮毂式电机的具体结构以及分别运 行于 3种功能时的原理和过程进行了描述。 该类电机的推出可大大简化电动车辆的机
1 械结构， 提高其性价比。
2、 中国专利， 申请号： 200810062784.5名称： 兼有电动、 发电回馈和电磁制动 功能的可调速旋转电机 公开 (公告)号： CN101304206, 申请 (专利权)人： 浙江工业大 学 地址： 浙江省杭州市下城区朝晖六区， 摘要： 一种兼有电动、 发电回馈和电磁制 动功能的可调速旋转电机， 所述可调速旋转电机为变磁阻双凸极电机， 所述变磁阻双 凸极电机包括定子和转子， 定子的凸极上安装有励磁绕组， 并且同相绕组在其相邻凸 极上的绕向相反， 各极上的绕组以串联形式连接， 同时在实现电磁制动使绕组持续通 电时， 使定、 转子圆周上的凸极以电磁相吸而重合的各极弧相加后的总极弧边距位于 60度〜 200度之间， 并且重合的各极弧在圆周上对称分布， 所述的转子凸极齿宽大于 槽宽。 本发明提供一种兼有电动、 发电回馈和电磁制动功能的可调速旋转电机。
3、 中国专利， 申请号： 03122744.9名称： 一种电动汽车自动充电装置 公开 (公 告） 号： CN1452264 申请 (专利权)人： 乔国验， 地址： 河南省开封市水稻乡回回寨 大队七队 发 明 （设计)人： 乔国验， 摘要:在电动汽车行驶中产生的前方空气助力进入 到与前脸内侧连接的风叶风圈内、 使风叶风圈内设置的风叶受到风力后自动转动、 加 强风力把风力排到与另一端连接的风道大的一端内、 通过风道压缩空气加强风力， 把 加强后的风力通过小的一端连接的发电机风圈排到与发电机风圈另一端连接的导流排 风道内、 通过扩大容积减轻了风力， 把减轻后的风力从导流排风道外侧一体设置的排 风口和另一端排出， 在风力通过发电机风圈的同时使发电机风圈内设置的两台三相交 流风力发电机发电通过稳压整流器， 整流后把发电机发出的高于蓄电池电压的直流电 源， 连接在蓄电池电源上， 使电动汽车在行驶中就能够自动给蓄电池充电。
4、 中国专利， 申请号： 98110695.1名称： 电动汽车补充电组合装置 公开 (公 告） 号： CN1194920 申请 (专利权)人： 邵满柏 地址： 上海市沂南路 42弄 5号 203 室 发 明 （设计)人： 邵满柏 摘要： 一种电动汽车补充电组合装置， 该装置主要 包括牵引电机、 蓄电池、 快速充电器、 风力发电机组、 内燃发电机组和太阳能电池， 内燃发电机组经变频器、 快速充电器和主蓄电池连接， 风力发电机组经变频器、 快速 充电器和主蓄电池连接， 快速充电器上设有和交流电源的整流器连接的接头， 太阳能 电池的辅蓄电池与照明等系统连接， 以上述装置在电动汽车行驶过程中连续的向主蓄 电池或辅蓄电池充电， 有效克服了现有电动汽车的缺陷。
5、 中国专利， 申请号： 01101418.0名称： 汽车自动发电装置 公 幵 （公告） 号： CN1300678 申请 (专利权)人：张宗鑫；张勇 地址：重庆市大坪大黄路 107号 发 明 （设 9811 计)人： 张宗鑫;张勇， 摘要： 本发明涉及一种汽车自动发电装置， 属于汽车制造领域， 主要解决如何将汽车在行驶过程中振动所产生的无用的能量转换为有用的能量的问 题。 本装置由能量转换装置和执行电机构成， 它们均固定在车箱的下面， 齿条的下端 伸出装置外， 固定在轮轴上。 本装置构思巧妙， 结构简单， 易于制造， 成本较低， 转 换效率高， 可安装在燃油汽车和电动汽车 (包括混合动力汽车)上， 进行能量再生回收。
6、 中国专利， 申请号： 97216755.2 名称： 自发电电动汽车， 公幵（公告)号： CN2299753 申请 (专利权)人：荆化，地址：北京市石景山区永乐东小区 30楼 201号 发 明 (设计)人： 荆化， 摘要： 一种自发电电动汽车， 转轮轴与转轮叶片连接， 转轮叶片 一端与转轮磁铁连接， 转轮轴一端与轴承连接， 转轮轴另一端与皮带轮连接， 皮带轮 与传动皮带连接， 传动皮带另一端与发电机轴轮连接， 发电机用导线与电子调节器一 端连接， 电子调节器另一端用导线与电瓶连接， 电瓶另一端用导线与电阻开关连接， 电阻开关另一端用导线与电动机连接， 定子与定子磁铁连接。
7、 中国专利， 申请号： 01211619.X, 名称： 自充电行驶交流电动汽车 公开 (公告） 号： CN2477462 申请 (专利权)人： 赵洪林 地址： 辽宁省海城市析木镇羊角峪村 发明 (设计)人： 赵洪林， 摘要： 一种自充电行驶的交流电动汽车。 包括车体、 发电装置、 充电装置、 蓄电池组、 逆变器、 升压变压器、 交流电动机、 车轮、 系统控制器、 车速 控制器、 静态循环充电机、 循环充电继电器， 发电装置包括风力发电机组、 摩擦发电 机组； 本实用新型的好处是： 为汽车补充的能源是没有污染的风能和机械能， 消除了 汽车对环境造成的污染， 在汽车行使中补充能源， 延长了汽车行使里程， 结构简单重 量轻， 可靠耐用， 成本低。
上述公幵的文献是在原有仅依靠蓄电池动力的"消耗型 "进行改装，而变成了"产 能型"将行走过程轮轴上产生的动能通过发动机转变成为了电能， 直接驱动车辆行走， 或者将电能储存到蓄电池， 使得电动汽车行走一定距离以后， 蓄电池不需要充电也能 依靠自充电装置而行走。 但公开文献报道的自充电装置还存在以下的缺点， 1、 发电机 设计不合理， 不能将发出的电通过有效的装置提供给汽车； 2、 蓄电池充电电路不能解 决蓄电池老化问题； 3、 目前的自充电装置不能保证给电动汽车行走很长的距离。所以， 目前能够实施并投入市场的不多。
在电动自行车方面， 目前电动助力车己经在城市或乡镇成为取代摩托车或自行车 的交通工具， 主要因为电动助力车在使用中省力、 操作简便， 不燃烧油或气， 不排放 对环境有污染的有害气体， 运行成本比烧油的摩托车便宜， 比脚踏的自行车有一定的 行驶速度， 适合家庭和个人短途使用， 但它的最大缺陷是蓄电池容量小， 电能消耗快， 需要经常进行充电， 如果在使用过程中它的电池中没电了， 就只能靠人力来踩踏， 这 是比较费力的， 这就给用户带来诸多麻烦， 为了克服这些问题， 一些人对电动助力车 进行了改进， 主要在电动助力车中增加一套自动发电、 充电装置， 例如， 经过检索， 我们查到了一些公开文献：
1、 中国专利申请号： 200820151095.7名称： 一种电动助力车的发电装置 公开 (公 告） 号： CN201296183 , 公开 (公告）日： 2009.08.26, 主分类号： B60L11/16(2006.01)I 申 请 (专利权)人： 上海电机学院， 地址： 上海市闵行区江川路 690号， 发明 (设计)人： 朱 燕青;卢 俊;臧晓岚;赵静， 摘要： 一种电动助力车的发电装置， 包括外壳、 固定端子、 弹簧， 直流电机、 压板、 弧状齿条、 飞轮、 变速齿轮， 发电装置有盒状的外壳， 通过 固定端子连接在定位轴上； 压板前连定位轴， 后有伸进壳体内的弧状齿条， 其锯齿面 与变速齿轮右侧小轮锯齿面齿合； 变速齿轮嵌连在变速齿轮连接轴上， 飞轮嵌连在飞 轮连接轴上， 飞轮内圈齿轮上连接着棘轮， 飞轮小齿轮与变速齿轮左侧外圆大轮锯齿 面咬合， 变速齿轮的左侧大轮锯带动飞轮小齿轮旋转， 飞轮上的棘轮带动飞轮旋转， 飞轮带动直流电机旋转， 从而产生电能。 本实用新型的优点是： 电动助力车在使用过 程中能不断充电， 可不依靠外来能源行驶， 且发电装置的体积小， 构造简单， 安装方 便。
2、 中国专利申请号： 200620051546.0 名称： 电动助力车、 电摩驱动电能自动补 偿装置， 公开 (公告） 号： CN200939837,申请 (专利权)人： 万启华， 地址： 湖南省常德 市武陵区东郊皇木关村第 11组 发明 （设计)人： 万启华， 摘要： 一种电动助力车、 电 摩驱动电能自动补偿装置， 它是在现有蓄电池一电动机→车轮电能单纯消耗性系统的 电动助力车或电动摩托车上， 增设了一套车轮一机械发电机和磁能发电装置一蓄电池 的电能自动补偿装置。 所述机械发电机， 是设在后车轮轴电动机外壳上的主动链轮和 设在电动车底板上的发电机组成， 该发电机的主轴上设有从动链轮， 主动和从动链轮 间通过链条相连， 在发电机的输出端通过导线与蓄电池输入端相连接； 所述磁能发电 机， 是由设在前车轮轮毂上的永久磁铁转子和设在前车轮轴上的感应线圈转子组成， 磁能发电机的输出端通过导线与蓄电池的输入端相连。 该系统可以减少对蓄电池的充 电次数， 增加电动车的行车距离， 降低运行成本。
3、中国专利申请号： 03281025.3 ，名称： 电动助力车自动发电、充电装置 公 开 (公告） 号： CN2671857 申请 (专利权)人： 李冬生 ， 地址： 江苏省无锡市复兴路 122 号民用建筑设计院 发 明 （设计)人： 李冬生， 摘要： 一种能自动发电并向电动助 力车供电及蓄电池充电的自动发电、 充电装置。 它由三相交流发电机、 整流器和电压 调节器组成。 三相交流发电机转子的中心轴一端有滚轮， 该滚轮在使用状态下与电动 助力车前轮外胎的一侧相接触。 所说整流器包括三相全波桥式整流器、 中性点的谐波 整流器和三相半波整流器。 其中的三相全波桥式整流器由三个正极搭铁二极管和三个 负极搭铁二极管组成， 三相半波整流器由三个二极管组成。 而谐波整流器则由两个二 极管与三相交流发电机的三相绕组负载构成。 所说的电压调节器接在三相半波整流器 的一个二极管与三相交流发电机转子绕组之间。 使用这种自动发电、 充电装置， 不需 经常为电动车充电， 节约能源， 使用方便。
4、 中国专利申请号： 01240253.2 名称： 自充电式电动自行车， 公开 (公告)号：
CN2486380 申请 (专利权)人：王云青，地址：河南省新乡市向阳路东段县农行 发明 (设 计)人： 王云青， 摘要： 自充电式电动自行车， 它包括有一辆电动自行车， 其特征在于： 在电动自行车的前轮轴上同心固定有一个发电机的线包定子， 与定子对应的前轮条盘 上固定一个发电机的磁钢圈转子， 在蓄电池与线包定子之间连接有导线和整流器及充 电器。 本实用新型具有在行驶中自动给蓄电池充电， 不但用后不需充电， 电动行车距 离也再不受限制， 给用户带来极大方便。 它不但可以安装在电动自行车上， 也可以安 装在其它电动助力车上使用。
上述公开的文献是在原有仅依靠蓄电池动力的"消耗型 "进行改装，而变成了 "产 能型"将行走过程轮轴上产生的动能通过发动机转变成为了电能， 直接驱动车辆行走， 或者将电能储存到蓄电池， 使得电动自行车行走一定距离以后， 蓄电池不需要充电也 能依靠自充电装置而行走。 但公幵文献报道的自充电装置还存在以下的缺点， 1、 发电 机设计不合理， 不能将发出的电通过有效的装置提供给自行车； 2、 蓄电池充电电路不 能解决蓄电池老化问题； 3、目前的自充电装置不能保证给电动自行车行走很长的距离。 所以， 目前能够实施并投入市场的不多。 发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种能够克服现有技术缺点的回馈能量的电动汽车和电动 自行车， 该电动车安装了将能行驶过程中的动力同时转变为发电机运转和给蓄电池充 电的自充电装置， 一次对蓄电池充电以后可以行走较长的距离。
本发明的目的是这样实现的： 回馈能量的电动车包括车架、 车轮、 车轴、 安装在车轴上的电动机， 给电动机提 供动力的蓄电池， 其特征在于： 在后车轴的飞轮上安装一套链轮或齿轮或者其它传动 装置， 通过链条、 传动杆或齿轮传递到永磁交流发电机轴上的链轮或齿轮， 带动永磁 交流发电机发电， 永磁交流发电机的输出绕组与检测装置、 智能控制器、 电源处理电 路、 电机控制电路连接， 检测装置与电动机控制电路、 电动机以及蓄电池连接， 蓄电 池输出引线接电动机。
以上所述的智能控制器釆用 PC机控制系统， 它以 PC机为核心， 包括程序存储 器、 数据存储器和 CPU监控器， 它可以是双电源转换开关智能控制器， 该控制器有以 下几种功能， 1、 任一路电源停止供电时， 其控制开关自动转换至另一电源输出向负载 供电； 2、 任一路电源出现失压、 欠压、 缺相等故障时， 其控制开关的自动转换另一路 电源输出； 3、 两路电源同时供电时， 其控制开关转换至主电源输出， 在电动助力车自 充电行走的电源转换中， 当永磁交流发电机发电对蓄电池充电， 同时它也能够控制蓄 电池对电机控制电路输出供电给电动机行走。
以上所述的检测装置是对永磁交流发电机的发电输出和蓄电池输出进行检测， 检 测装置的硬件组成主要由主控制电路、 信号采集电路及电源电路等组成， 主控电路由 智能控制器的 PC机控制， 检测装置可以在线路停电时， 蓄电池输出直流电， 用来驱 动电机工作， 以达到检测线路并使设备正常工作的目的。
以上所述的电机控制电路包括桥式整流器、 可控硅控制器和可调电阻等构成， 永 磁交流发电机输出的交流电经过桥式整流器整流和可控硅控制器， 能实现稳压或稳流 功能， 并具有过流保护、 软启动和脉冲锁相功能， 通过开关切换可实现直接控制 （过 流保护功能仍起作用）。
本发明回馈能量的电动车的工作原理是： 由于在后车轴上安装一套链轮或齿轮， 电动车在行走的过程中， 通过链条或齿轮将链轮或齿轮的动能传递到永磁交流发电机 轴上的链轮或齿轮， 带动永磁交流发电机发电， 由于安装检测装置和智能控制器， 并 设有电机控制电路。 当助力车速度较慢或爬坡时， 蓄电池输出直流电， 驱动电机工作， 在电动车已常运行时， 永磁发电机工作输出交流电， 经过电机控制电路进行整流、 控 制， 开始直接供给电动机工作， 在平路， 惯性行驶时速达 20公里， 永磁发电机工作输 出交流电， 一方面供给电动机工作， 另一方面为蓄电池充电， 储备能量。 如果电动汽 车较长时间时速达 20公里， 永磁交流发电机就能使用惯性自发电， 充电， 不需经常为 电动车充电。 本发明的优点：
1、 本发明在利用电动车加装永磁交流发电机和电子转换器， 用电机控制电路控 制电能补充电池能量， 充分利用行车时速， 一旦遇上电动车加速超车或爬坡时， 由交 流发电机级和蓄电池共同为电动车提供动力， 释放电能补充电动车需要的冲击电能。 电动汽车在使用过程中能不断充电， 可不依靠外来能源行驶， 且发电装置的体积小， 构造简单， 安装方便。
2、 车架下装有发电机和电机控制电路， 通过电机齿轮转动调速轮毂的链条与调 速器连接， 再由调速器的传动轮毂的皮带与发电机连接构成自发电， 并经过发电机至 电机控制电路输入蓄电池盒， 永磁单相交流发电机能使蓄电池得到快速电能补充， 增 加行驶里程， 减少充电次数降低费用， 噪音小， 给用户及环境均带来效益。
3、 PC机 (微电脑)的控制端分别接到检测装置、 智能控制器、 电源处理电路、 电 机控制电路， 依靠 PC机的精确控制， 使得各部件的工作过程能够协调进行， 比现有 的电动汽车具有全自动控制， 由机械能转变为电能的工作状态稳定， 大大提高了机械 能的利用率。 在电动车正常运行时， 由电动车组装的内燃交流发电机组为电动车提供 动力， 如果时速超 20公里， 自发电机发电量还有富余的电能向蓄电池充电。 当电动机 在制动状态时蓄电池提供能量。
4、 本发明采用了电动车专用的 "发电控制器"技术， 具有行车时正常发电、 平 路时恒流发电功能。 当行驶中遇到前方红灯、 车辆交汇、 人多车多、 下坡滑行需要减 速时， 开车者可以通过合理操作， 进行正常发电或恒流发电， 从而实现 "节能自发电、 边开边充电" ， 使电源回收能达到 35 % 左右， 可延长续行里程 50%， 电池使用寿 命可延长 50〜1Ο0 %。
5、 电动小汽车或小型车载重货， 由蓄电池用行能源， 利用行车惯性快所产生新 能源， 可以供给有刷直流电机行车， 如果速度低于每小时 15公里时， 只能使用蓄电池 电源， 这种情况出现在过马路红绿灯， 上坡， 街道人群多种情况。 附图说明
图 1是本发明机械工作原理及结构示意图。
图 2是本发明智能控制器结构框示意图。
图 3是电机控制电路示意图。
图 4是安装了本发明自充电行走装置的电动汽车示意图。 图 5是安装了本发明自充电行走装置的电动三轮车示意图。
图 6是安装了本发明自充电行走装置的电动自行车示意图。
图中各零部件名称： 1电动机， 2后车轮， 3飞轮， 4链条， 5永磁交流发电机， 6 电机控制电路、 7导线、 8蓄电池、 9智能控制器、 10前车轮、 11A后车轴、 11B前车 轴、 12自行车、 13电动三轮车、 15电动汽车； 21 整流电路， 22、 可控硅整流器， 23、 可调电阻。 具体实施方式
如图 1所示， 回馈能量的电动汽车包括车架、 车轮 2、 车轴、 安装在车轴上的电 动机 1， 给电动机 1提供动力的蓄电池 8， 在后车轴 11A的上安装一套链轮或齿轮， 通过链条 4或齿轮传递到永磁交流发电机轴上的链轮或齿轮， 带动永磁交流发电机 5 发电， 永磁交流发电机的输出绕组与 PC机 (微电脑)、 电子转换器 6连接， 电子转换器 6有导线 7接到蓄电池 8， 蓄电池 8输出引线接电动机 1。
如图 1、 图 2所示：
回馈能量的电动汽车包括车架、 车轮 2、 车轴、 安装在车轴上的电动机 1， 给电 动机 1提供动力的蓄电池 8， 在后车轴 11A的飞轮 3上安装一套链轮或齿轮， 通过链 条 4或齿轮传递到 11B前车轴带动 10前车轮，并同时带动永磁交流发电机 5发电， 永 磁交流发电机 5的输出绕组与智能控制器 9 (PC机或微电脑)、 电机控制电路 6连接， 电机控制电路 6有导线 7接到蓄电池 8， 蓄电池 8输出引线接电动机 1。
如图 2所示： 智能控制器中， 永磁交流发电机的输出绕组与检测装置、 智能控制 器、 电源处理电路、 电机控制电路连接， 检测装置与电动机控制电路、 电动机以及蓄 电池连接， 蓄电池输出引线接电动机。
智能控制器采用 PC机控制系统， 它以 803】单片机为核心， 包括程序存储器、 数 据存储器和 CPU监控器， 它可以是双电源转换开关智能控制器， 该控制器有以下几种 功能， 1、 任一路电源停止供电时， 其控制开关自动转换至另一电源输出向负载供电； 2、 任一路电源出现失压、 欠压、 缺相等故障时， 其控制开关的自动转换另一路电源输 出； 3、 两路电源同时供电时， 其控制幵关转换至主电源输出， 在电动汽车自充电行走 的电源转换中， 当永磁交流发电机发电对蓄电池充电， 同时它也能够控制蓄电池对电 机控制电路输出供电给电动机行走。
智能控制器中， 检测装置是对永磁交流发电机的发电输出和蓄电池输出进行检 测， 检测装置的硬件组成主要由主控制电路、 信号采集电路及电源电路等组成， 主控 电路由智能控制器的 PC 机控制， 检测装置可以在线路停电时， 蓄电池输出直流电， 用来驱动电机工作， 以达到检测线路并使设备正常工作的目的。
如图 3所示， 所述的电机控制电路包括桥式整流器 21、 可控硅控制器 22和可调 电阻 23等构成， 永磁交流发电机输出的交流电经过桥式整流器 21整流和可控硅控制 器 22， 能实现稳压或稳流功能， 并具有过流保护、 软启动和脉冲锁相功能， 通过开关 切换可实现直接控制 （过流保护功能仍起作用）。
如图 4所示： 电动汽车 16包括车架、 车轮、 车轴、 安装在车轴上的电动机， 给 电动机提供动力的蓄电池 8， 在后车轴的飞轮上安装一套链轮或齿轮， 通过链条或齿 轮传递到永磁交流发电机轴上的链轮或齿轮， 带动永磁交流发电机 5发电， 永磁交流 发电机的输出绕组与智能控制器 （PC 机或微电脑)、 电机控制电路连接， 电机控制电 路有导线接到蓄电池 8， 蓄电池 8输出引线接电动机。
如图 5所示： 电动三轮车 13包括车架、 车轮、 车轴、 安装在车轴上的电动机， 给电动机提供动力的蓄电池 8, 在后车轴的飞轮 3上安装一套链轮或齿轮， 通过链条 或齿轮传递到永磁交流发电机轴上的链轮或齿轮， 带动永磁交流发电机 5发电， 永磁 交流发电机的输出绕组与智能控制器 （PC 机或微电脑)、 电机控制电路连接， 电机控 制电路有导线接到蓄电池 8， 蓄电池 8输出引线接电动机。
如图 6所示： 电动自行车 12包括车架、 车轮、 车轴、 安装在车轴上的电动机， 给电动机提供动力的蓄电池 8， 在后车轴的飞轮 3上安装一套链轮或齿轮， 通过链条 或齿轮传递到永磁交流发电机轴上的链轮或齿轮， 带动永磁交流发电机 5发电， 永磁 交流发电机的输出绕组与智能控制器 （PC 机或微电脑)、 电机控制电路连接， 电机控 制电路有导线接到蓄电池 8, 蓄电池 8输出引线接电动机。
实施例 1
本发明人安装了一台电动汽车， 充电一次， 达到 48V 20A时。 从广西博白县的龙 潭镇至潭连镇， 来回共走 8次， 每次 7公里， 共 112公里， 蓄电池电还有 80%。 如果 在平地路走， 行车惯性， 可以行起数百公里以上。 由此可见， 本发明将行车惯性运动 势能转变成电能，
当电动汽车时速达到 10公里 /时， 发电机发出交流 150V电压， 时速达 15— 45 公里 /时能保持交流 220V 50HZ 自动转入各装置进行工作， 即： 快一秒钟， 转入各自 动装置， 如， 充电、 灯光、 喇叭、 电车电机。 直流电压： 36V、 48 V, 60V、 96V, 能 快速工作， 能实现自发自行， 克服了改善电动汽车车蓄电池行车不到 80公里就无法再 行驶的缺点。
当电动汽车行车时速达每小时 15 至 50 公里， 车交换装置能稳压在 180V— 240V50HZ正常工作， 永磁单相交流发电机在行车 15公里以上各转换装置能正常发挥 各电子元件作用，行车时速达 15公里 I时后电子转换器自动断开蓄电池电源转入快速 自动充电， 可以延长蓄电池实用寿命， 时速低于 5公里 /时后电子转换自动转入电动 机使用。 降低费用， 噪音小， 无废气污染。
本发明人经过样机的试验证明：
1. 本发电机利用行车中惯性运动势能， 只是时速达到 15公里 /时以上就能发出 单相交流电， 向蓄电池自发充电， 提高回收能量 80%以上。
2. 永磁单相交流发电机发出电由控制器发电功能就开始转换， 从行驶的耗电状 态转到边行驶边充电状态， 当车速达到 15— 30公里 /时， 利用行车惯性节能自发电， 边开边充电， 回收能源， 这种电动汽车进入城市和农村家庭， 将为国家节省大量能源。
3. 永磁单相交流发电机骑行带有惯性自发电装置的电动汽车， 不但能边开边发 电边充电， 增加每次充电的行驶里程， 而且还能延长蓄电池使用寿命， 从而延长电动 电动汽车使用寿命。
4. 本回馈能量的电动汽车到人多车多或遇到红灯需要减速时即能使用蓄电池电， 时速 15公里 /时， 该发电机能自发自充。
5. 本电动汽车安装仪表盘后， 可看到双向电流表， 表面能指示行驶电流表针向 右偏转。 永磁单相交流发电机发出电压， 电流。
6. 回馈能量的电动汽车适用于城市、 乡镇、 农村， 自发行驶 15公里以上自发充 电， 智能控制功能， 在行驶中使用惯性自发自充， 当时速达 20— 40公里 /时， 可以多 次循环行驶可达 250公里以上。
7.电动汽车借助行车时速惯性在时速达 15公里 /时，惯性能驱动该电动汽车前进， 同时能发出单相交流电， 同时各控制器在惯性能转变动能， 即行驶时速达 20公里 /时， 各电子控制器快速转换， 即自动断开蓄电池电源， 由发电机供电行驶。 充电补充行车 前电池消耗， 就能够保证电力充足。
8. 由于装有发电机， 在同一时间内， 在时速达 15公里 /时以借助惯性力在电动机 驱动车子前进， 永磁交流发电机靠惯性带动电机发电供汽车行驶充电， 很多电动汽车 行驶不到 200公里就无电， 如不充电就无法行驶。 9. 本发明人利用电动车行驶时速， 惯性加装一台永磁交流发电机， 电子转换器， 用超级电容器组释放电能补充电池能量， 二倍以充分利用行车时速， 一旦遇上电动车 加速超车或爬坡时， 由永磁交流发电机为电动车提供动力， 蓄电池释放电能补充电动 车需要的冲击电能。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种回馈能量的电动车， 包括车架、 车轮、 车轴、 安装在车轴上的电动机， 给 电动机提供动力的蓄电池， 其特征在于： 在后车轴的飞轮上安装一套链轮或齿轮或者 其它传动装置， 通过链条、 传动杆或齿轮传递到永磁交流发电机轴上的链轮或齿轮， 带动永磁交流发电机发电， 永磁交流发电机的输出绕组与检测装置、 智能控制器、 电 源处理电路、 电机控制电路连接， 检测装置与电动机控制电路、 电动机以及蓄电池连 接， 蓄电池输出引线接电动机。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的回馈能量的电动车， 其特征在于： 所述的智能控制器釆 用 PC机控制系统， 它以 PC机为核心， 包括程序存储器、 数据存储器和 CPU监控器。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的回馈能量的电动车， 其特征在于： 所述的检测装置是对 永磁交流发电机的发电输出和蓄电池输出进行检测， 检测装置的硬件组成包括主控制 电路、 信号釆集电路及电源电路， 所述主控电路由智能控制器的 PC机控制， 检测装 置是在线路停电时， 检测蓄电池是否输出直流电， 驱动电机工作。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的回馈能量的电动车， 其特征在于： 所述的电机控制电路 包括桥式整流器、 可控硅控制器和可调电阻， 永磁交流发电机输出的交流电经过桥式 整流器整流和可控硅控制器。
PCT/CN2010/079811 2009-12-16 2010-12-15 回馈能量的电动车 WO2011072606A1 (zh)

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