WO2011071750A1 - Techniques de manipulation de diaphonie dans des fibres à âmes multiples - Google Patents

Techniques de manipulation de diaphonie dans des fibres à âmes multiples Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2011071750A1
WO2011071750A1 PCT/US2010/058764 US2010058764W WO2011071750A1 WO 2011071750 A1 WO2011071750 A1 WO 2011071750A1 US 2010058764 W US2010058764 W US 2010058764W WO 2011071750 A1 WO2011071750 A1 WO 2011071750A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fiber
core regions
crosstalk
twist
region
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2010/058764
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
John Michael Fini
Thierry Franck Taunay
Man F. Yan
Benyuan Zhu
Original Assignee
Ofs Fitel Llc. A Delaware Limited Liability Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ofs Fitel Llc. A Delaware Limited Liability Company filed Critical Ofs Fitel Llc. A Delaware Limited Liability Company
Priority to JP2012542193A priority Critical patent/JP5654611B2/ja
Publication of WO2011071750A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011071750A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02042—Multicore optical fibres
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
    • G02B6/4401—Optical cables
    • G02B6/4403—Optical cables with ribbon structure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to optical fiber devices and methods, and in particular to improved techniques for reducing crosstalk in multicore fiber
  • Multicore fibers have been proposed as a way of scaling the capacity beyond the limits of single-core fibers. This type of innovation is significant, because current demand is driving systems towards fundamental limits, even assuming advanced modulation formats. In addition, multicore fibers are being researched for diverse applications where they offer improvements in cost, compactness, and the like.
  • Crosstalk is a potential disadvantage of multi-core relative to multi-fiber solutions. A requirement of low total crosstalk tends to put a limit on the density of cores, and thus the capacity scaling, as well as having an impact on the amount of signal processing and conditioning necessary to recover transmitted information. Design principles for achieving low crosstalk with low nonlinearity and/or loss are thus of great interest.
  • a multicore optical fiber comprises a plurality of core regions disposed within a common cladding region.
  • Each of the plurality of core regions comprises a respective waveguide for propagating light along a longitudinal axis of the fiber.
  • At least two core regions are configured to inhibit resonant coupling of propagated light therebetween within a selected region of operation.
  • At least one segment of the fiber includes a twist that is configured such that when the twisted segment is subjected to a bend having a selected radius, the twist creates a controlled change in the amount of crosstalk between the at least two core regions, compared with the amount of crosstalk between the at least two core regions when a bend having the selected radius is introduced into a non-twisted segment of the fiber.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show, respectively, cross section and isometric views of an exemplary multicore fiber suitable for use with the described practices of the invention.
  • FIG. 3A shows an exemplary refractive index profile for the fiber shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 across diameter D.
  • FIG. 3B is a diagram illustrating an exemplary bend in the fiber shown in FI S. 1 and 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a technique for applying a selected spin profile to an optical fiber.
  • FIG. 5A is a cross section view a D-shaped multicore fiber according to a further aspect of the invention
  • FIG. 5B is a cross section view of an array of D-shaped multicore fibers and a stiff cable element used to constrain the respective bending orientations of the fibers.
  • FIG. 6 is a graph of a simulation illustrating the effect of skew on crosstalk in a multicore fiber, in the absence of fiber bends.
  • FIG. 7 is a graph of a simulation illustrating the fiber bends on the simulation shown in FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 8 is a graph of a simulation illustrating the effect of a controlled fiber spin on the simulation shown FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 9 is a graph of a simulation illustrating the effect of a random effective index component on the simulation shown in FIG. 8.
  • FIG. 10 is a graph of a simulation illustrating the effect of variable spin rates on the simulation shown in FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 1 1 is a diagram illustrating intermittent phase matching that can occur between two ore more cores as a result of bending.
  • FIG. 12 shows a flowchart of a general technique according to a further aspect of the invention.
  • aspects of the present invention provide techniques for reducing crosstalk in a multi-core liber (MCF) design.
  • MCF multi-core liber
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show, respectively, cross section and isometric diagrams of an exemplary 7-core CF 20, comprising an array of seven core regions 22a-g within a common cladding region 24.
  • a first core region 22a is located at the center of the fiber.
  • Six of the core regions 22b-g are arranged as a hexagon 26 surrounding central core 22a.
  • the seven core regions 22a-g are configured to carry respective light transmissions down the length of MCF 20 along a longitudinal axis 28 thereof.
  • FIG. 3A shows an exemplary refractive index profile 40 across MCF diameter 30.
  • the refractive index profile 40 illustrates the respective refractive index differences ⁇ ,
  • each core of MCF 20 has a step refractive index profile.
  • Each radius of core regions 22b, 22a, and 22e is represented by a corresponding distance n,, r a and r c along the horizontal axis of the refractive index profile 40.
  • the refractive index of each core region is represented in the refractive index profile by vertical distance.
  • the respective refractive index of each of the core regions of fiber 20 is described using its respective "refractive index difference" ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ,... i.e., the difference in refractive index between that of the fiber region and that of the fiber's common cladding region 24.
  • the parameter ⁇ may be used to refer to the equivalent step index of the core, a usage well known in the art.
  • the respective refractive index di ferences of the seven core regions 22a-g are configured, in combination with the refractive index of common cladding region 24, to create respective waveguides down the length of MCF 20.
  • the respective "effective mode index" of each waveguide is a numerical quantity, indicating phase delay per unit length of the fundamental mode of that waveguide for a given wavelength transmission.
  • the effective mode index of a given waveguide is a function of the wavelength of transmission and the effective refractive index profile of the core. Resonant coupling between two waveguides occurs when the respective effective mode indices of two core regions are sufficiently close to each other, such that there is phase-matching and constructive interference between their respective light transmissions.
  • the MCF core regions Assuming for the moment that bends and twists in an MCF are not to be taken into account, it is possible to configure the MCF core regions to substantially reduce or eliminate crosstalk. In particular, it is possible to configure the core regions and the resulting waveguides to have respective effective mode indices that are sufficiently different in a given fiber region of interest, such that there occurs a phase mismatch that substantially reduces or eliminates resonant coupling and crosstalk. Previous methods have attempted such configurations.
  • FIG. 3B is a diagram illustrating an optical fiber 50, such as fiber 20 shown in FIG. 1 , in which a bend 52 is introduced having a radius R. Bend statistics can be generated for a given fiber, for example, by winding the fiber around a spool having a known radius and bending profile.
  • a bend in the fiber can cause a significant shift in the respective effective mode indices of the waveguides within the bent segment. This shift in the effective mode indices can in turn lead to phase-matching, resonant coupling, and crosstalk.
  • crosstalk is reduced in an MCF containing one or more bends by introducing a suitably configured twist into the bent segments of the fiber.
  • a suitably configured twist is through the use of a spinning technique, in which the fiber or fiber preform is rotated during draw using a suitable spin profile.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating how a desired twist profile may be introduced into a given fiber 60 by spinning the preform 62 as the fiber is dawn.
  • a programmable spin controller 64 applies a user-entered spin profile 66 to the preform 62.
  • the preform 62 is rotated around its longitudinal axis, causing a controllable amount of twist 68 to be introduced into the fiber 60.
  • This twist 68 can be quantified, for example, as an angle of rotation (measured in radians) occurring over a given length of fiber, i.e., the spin period 70.
  • the fiber cross sections 72a-e at the right of FIG. 4 illustrate a constant-rate twist in the same direction for a full 2 ⁇ radians, i.e.. 360°.
  • a spin profile can be used in which the rate of rotation is variable, and in which the direction of rotation changes.
  • the controller 64 can apply the rotation to the end of fiber 60 while keeping the preform 62 at a fixed orientation.
  • twist may be imparted using a passive apparatus in which twist is induced using a canted wheel assembly in contact with the fiber, as is well known in the art.
  • the spin can alternate direction and/or vary along the fiber length to impart of randomness.
  • the spin can be held constant within a selected tolerance, to achieve desired effects, such as maintaining close to a fixed geometrical alignment between cores.
  • Constrain the bends and twists by mechanical design of the fiber or cable For example, a noncircular fiber (such as a rectangular or D-shaped outer surface) can have preferred orientations for bending.
  • the placement of the cores can be determined based on the bending and twisting nature of the fiber or cable. Similar effects can be achieved in a cable design which exhibits preferred orientations. For example, two stiff members on opposite sides of the centerline will restrict bending in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the members.
  • FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B illustrate how a combination of items 3 and 5 in the above list could be implemented, i.e., providing a larger core spacing in the anticipated direction of bend, as determined by a stiff cable element.
  • FIG. 5A shows a cross section of a D-shaped multicore fiber 80 having 12 cores 82 arranged in a rectangular array. One or more D-shaped fibers can be attached to a stiff cable element, which constrains the orientation of bends, as set forth above in item 3.
  • FIG. 5B shows a configuration in which an array of six D-shaped fibers 90 are arranged side-by-side on sti ff cable element 92.
  • the spacing of cores within each multicore fiber along the direction of bend can be configured to be different from the spacing in the orthogonal direction. These spacings can be chosen using considerations of the bend impact on crosstalk, in accordance with item 5.
  • Desired fiber characteristics can also be imparted after fiber draw using cable structures to control the orientation of the fiber.
  • the fiber can wind helically around a cable member to create a fiber twist, which may be constant or variable along the cable length. Periodic or aperiodic bending can also be induced using cable design.
  • Resonant coupling between modes of two cores occurs when the effective index of these modes is the same, to within a tolerance proportional to the strength of coupling.
  • the effective index for each mode is shifted by differences between the as-fabricated cores, and also by length-varying or layout-dependent factors, such as bending.
  • the mathematical description of bend-induced shift in effective index difference between two cores is given below in Section 2.
  • the orientation of the bend relative to the fiber cross section is rotating along the fiber length.
  • a twist can introduce a shift due to a path-length-adjustment for helical waveguides; its more important role, generally, will be to modulate the bend-induced index shift.
  • Strategy No. 2 listed above can then be implemented if, for example, nearest-neighbor cores are nearly identical, but perturbed to have as-fabricated effective-index differences, called index skew.
  • Simple examples include, for example, a checkerboard pattern. These can be generalized to mitigate coupling with secondary neighbors or to allow for different degrees of coupling seen by cores depending upon their placement relative to the bend orientation.
  • fiber spin control is used to signi ficantly reduce crosstalk by varying the orientation of the cores with respect to fiber bends.
  • u is a vector of amplitudes for the local modes
  • ⁇ is wavelength
  • C is a matrix of coupling coefficients (in index units); and D is a diagonal matrix of effective mode index values for the single mode cores.
  • C has approximately equal nearest-neighbor elements (C m , c )), with all other elements nearly zero. If the fiber is bent with radius Rhemi an orientation ⁇ . then it is known that the effective index is shifted, and so for core m at position Xm. y'm- with effective mode index ⁇ ,
  • Bend perturbations are on the order of a/Rbcn ⁇ i , and can be comparable to or much larger than core variations, even for bend radii on the order of a meter. Further, bend perturbations are typically much larger than Co unless the fiber is held extremely straight, Rb CIK i > 1 km. Direct simulation of Eq. (2.1 ) over short liber lengths brings out the impact of bending, and can be used to derive the statistical propagation parameters for longer lengths relevant to telecommunications links.
  • FIG. 6 shows a graph 100 of a simulation using a transfer-matrix propagation of Eq. 2.1 for an exemplary 7-core fiber of the type discussed above, a cross section of which is shown in inset 1 10.
  • the outer six cores have Broken line 101 indicates a peak crosstalk value (normalized to 1 x 10°). occurring at a length of approximately 30 meters.
  • Trace 121 indicates the crosstalk in an unskewed MCF.
  • Traces 122, 123. 124, and 125 indicate crosstalk values at effective index skews ranging from l x l O '5 to 7 l 0 '" ⁇
  • EV m (9(z)) D m -.m'(Q(z)).
  • FIG. 7 it is assumed that the fiber orientation drifts very slowly, making a full twist every 20m. Such a slow drift may be representative of an unintentional twist introduced during draw, cabling, and the like. Discrete jumps corresponding to phase-matching events are discernable in FIG. 7. and can be more pronounced in some applications.
  • fiber spinning is used to reduce crosstalk.
  • fiber spinning is a manufacturing technique in which a twist is introduced into a fiber as it is drawn by rotating the fiber or fiber preform according to a selected or desired spin profile.
  • spin and "twist'” are generally used interchangeably, since they similarly describe a change in the orientation of the fiber cross section with respect to a bend. It is recognized that there is a distinction between the terms, to indicate that there is more (twist) or less (spin) strain in the fiber, or the temperature 3 ⁇ 4t which the change in orientation is imparted.
  • Fiber spin has been used to improve polarization performance in a single-core fiber. However, it is believed that heretofore fiber spin has not been applied in the significantly different context of crosstalk reduction.
  • Dashed traces 141 a. 142a, and 143a are repeated from FIG. 7 (traces 121 , 122, 123. respectively) and scaled, for the purposes of comparison.
  • Solid traces 141 b. 142b, and 143b show the respective amounts of coupling, in a multicore fiber with a controlled fiber spin, with respective skews of 0x 10°, 1 10°, and 3x 10°.
  • the spun fiber with 3x l O "5 skew (trace 143b) has nearly an order-of-magnitude reduction in crosstalk, compared with the non-spun, unskewed fiber (trace 143a).
  • FIG. 9 thus is a graph 160 that focuses on the largest of the above skews (7* 10 '5 ). adding a random shift to each outer core uniformly distributed in 7x 10°. The variation is then just large enough to cancel the skew of an unlucky outer core. In this case, spin is very effective in reducing crosstalk.
  • a 0.5m spin period (traces 161 b and 162b) has crosstalk 1 -2 orders of magnitude smaller than for slow orientation drift ( 161 a and 162a).
  • Broken line 170 shows crosstalk values for a fiber without bends. and is provided for comparison.
  • Graph 160 shows that for a real-world situation in which there is either intentional or unavoidable skew in the effective mode indices of core pairs, if the fiber is unbent, then cross-talk can be quite low (line 1 70). However, such an unbent state is impossible to achieve in a practical cable over a useful length and gradual bends of radius 4 m or even 1 m are unavoidable, in which case cross-talk rises to unacceptable levels (lines 161 a. 162a).
  • Twisting of the fiber successfully reduces crosstalk by rotating the cores out of alignment and can achieve improvement by several orders of magnitude (lines 161 b, 162b). though cross-talk remains higher than in the "perfect" unbent state.
  • twisting is very effective in reducing cross-talk in bent multicore fibers which have some level of skew in the effective mode index of the cores.
  • the cores should be rotated out of the orientation for maximum coupling within some fraction of a 4m bend. Since rotation by 2 ⁇ /10 is effective in inhibiting cross-talk, twisting should occur at a rate of at least 2 ⁇ /5 ⁇ and preferably around 2 ⁇ /1 m or greater.
  • the helical trajectory can enhance unwanted coupling of light from the core to the surrounding polymer clad material.
  • spinning a multiple-core fiber can alter such leakage of light out of the fiber. This effect can be sensitive to temperature since both the index of the glass and the polymer change with temperature.
  • the core trajectory will follow an abrupt change in direction, such as a kink in the core direction. This can lead to higher splice loss.
  • spinning the fiber is used to significantly reduce crosstalk with no sacrifice in nonlinearity, core density, cutoff, etc.
  • This simple study looks at 50-meter lengths with constant spin and bend radius. The statistics of bends as well as temperature variations in actual, installed fiber need to be characterized to allow true fiber optimization.
  • a high degree of crosstalk is desirable so that information launched into one core appears equally in all cores at the exit.
  • Appropriate signal processing can "unscramble" the mixed signals to recover the transmitted information.
  • fiber spinning imparts a much greater perturbation on the core phase matching conditions than bending and fabrication variations, it may be necessary to hold fiber spin to very low levels. This may require careful fiber draw to eliminate twist during fiber fabrication, and cable designs and installation methods which similarly do not impart fiber twist.
  • controlled fiber spinning can be used to enhance cross- coupling in the presence of variations in core index, position, bend orientation and even temperature. Spinning is an additional degree of freedom, compatible with changing the design of the core radii, spacing, index etc. At specific axial locations of the spun fiber, controlled bend radius and bend orientation can be introduced to achieve a localized high cross-coupling.
  • Optimized conditions must be developed for a wide range of fiber installations, from long-haul applications in which signals are transmitted over thousands of kilometers, to more regional applications with distances of hundreds of kilometers, to campus applications of a few kilometers, to local area networks of hundreds of meters, to data center or central office applications requiring tens of meters, to optical amplifier and device applications of a few meters. Conditions for bending, skew and spinning can be altered to produce the desired properties for the particular application. 6. Variable Spin Rates
  • variable-rate spinning can significantly reduce crosstalk in multicore fibers.
  • Spin rate varied sinusoidally between plus-and-minus a maximum rate.
  • FIG. 10 graph 180 two variable spin rates are compared, and signi ficant reduction in crosstalk is achieved with a higher variable spin rate for most bend radii simulated.
  • Traces 181 a and 1 82a show values for a variable spin rate with a maximum rate of 3.14 radians per meter, and traces 1 81 b and 1 2b show values for a variable spin rate with a maximum rate of 31.42 radians per meter. 7.
  • FIG. 1 1 is a diagram illustrating the intermittent phase matching that can occur between two or more cores as a result of bending. As the bend orientation wanders, bend perturbations change phase-matching.
  • phase-matched coupling is achieved once or twice per twist period for each pair of neighboring cores.
  • a multicore fiber 200 is subjected to a constant-radius bend by winding it around cylinder 202.
  • Three core regions 204a, 204b, and 204c are depicted for fiber 200.
  • fiber 200 includes a twisted region, in which outer cores 204a and 204c wind around center core 204b in a generally helical configuration, while substantially maintaining the distance therebetween.
  • the twist in multicore fiber 200 causes a periodic change in the bending orientation of cores 204a, 204b, and 204c. As shown in FIG. 1 1 , as the twist angle of cores 204a, 204b, and 204c increases from ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 - /2 to ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 0 . and then to ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ , there is a shift in the respective effective mode indices of the core regions.
  • a zero bend profile 210 and a resonant bend profile 210', in which the respective indices 210a, 210b, and 210c for cores 204a, 204b, and 204c are shifted to new indices 21 0a', 210b', and 21 0c'.
  • phase mismatch is indicated by the non-alignment of effective mode index bars 212a, 21 2b, and 21 2c.
  • the shifting of the index profiles has caused effective mode index bars 212a', 212b', and 212c' to move into alignment, indicating a phase matching resulting in crosstalk.
  • A is diagonal, slowly varying (> - l OOm). with index differences on the order of - 10° to ⁇ 10 "1 in the case of unintentional variation, or up to - 10° in the case of intentional skew.
  • B is diagonal, quickly varying, with index differences ⁇ Yn C o re a/Rbend ⁇ and can range from -10 "6 to ⁇ 10 "3 .
  • C is non-diagonal, slowly varying (> -100m), with magnitude typically ⁇ 10 "6 .
  • index differences in A may have some variation on shorter lengths, they will remain highly correlated for long lengths corresponding to splice intervals.
  • the unperturbed mismatch between cores can be written as
  • Rrr is the autocorrelation function of the random process f.
  • Srr is its power spectral density (PSD).
  • PSD power spectral density
  • nearest-neighbors all have the same spacing a, and so for nearest neighbor cores n.m with displacement angle ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ .
  • FIG. 12 shows a flowchart of a general technique 300 according to various aspects of the invention described herein.
  • Technique 300 comprises the following elements:
  • Box 301 Provide a multicore optical fiber having a plurality of core regions disposed within a common cladding region, wherein each of the plurality of core regions is configured to propagate a respective light transmission along a longitudinal axis of the fiber.
  • Box 302 Configure at least two core regions to inhibit resonant coupling of propagated light therebetween within a selected longitudinal region of operation.
  • Box 303 Introduce a twist into at least one segment of the fiber, wherein the twist is configured such that when a bend having a selected radius is introduced into the twisted segment, the twist creates a controlled change in the amount of crosstalk between the at least two core regions, compared with the amount of crosstalk between the at least two core regions when a bend having the selected radius is introduced into a non-twisted segment of the fiber.

Abstract

L'invention concerne une fibre optique à âmes multiples comprenant une pluralité de régions d'âme disposées dans une région de revêtement commune. Chacune desdites régions d'âme est conçue pour propager, en combinaison avec la région de revêtement commune, de la lumière le long d'un axe longitudinal de la fibre. Au moins deux régions d'âme sont conçues pour inhiber le couplage résonant de la lumière se propageant entre elles dans une région de fonctionnement prédéterminée. Au moins un segment de la fibre comprend une torsade conçue de sorte que, lorsque le segment torsadé est soumis à une courbure ayant un rayon prédéterminé, la torsade génère un changement contrôlé de la quantité de diaphonie entre lesdites au moins deux régions d'âme, par rapport à la quantité de diaphonie entre lesdites au moins deux régions d'âme lorsqu'une courbure ayant le rayon prédéterminé est introduite dans un segment non torsadé de la fibre.
PCT/US2010/058764 2009-12-02 2010-12-02 Techniques de manipulation de diaphonie dans des fibres à âmes multiples WO2011071750A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2012542193A JP5654611B2 (ja) 2009-12-02 2010-12-02 マルチコアファイバにおけるクロストークの操作技術

Applications Claiming Priority (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US26599709P 2009-12-02 2009-12-02
US61/265,997 2009-12-02
US31117710P 2010-03-05 2010-03-05
US61/311,177 2010-03-05
US31416510P 2010-03-16 2010-03-16
US61/314,165 2010-03-16
US39247210P 2010-10-12 2010-10-12
US61/392,472 2010-10-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2011071750A1 true WO2011071750A1 (fr) 2011-06-16

Family

ID=44068979

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2010/058764 WO2011071750A1 (fr) 2009-12-02 2010-12-02 Techniques de manipulation de diaphonie dans des fibres à âmes multiples

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US8923678B2 (fr)
JP (2) JP5654611B2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011071750A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013019774A1 (de) * 2013-11-23 2015-05-28 Westsächsische Hochschule Zwickau Optische Anordnung zur Bestimmung von Lageänderungen, Positionen, Verformung, Bewegungen, Beschleunigungen und Geschwindigkeiten
CN112425095A (zh) * 2018-04-27 2021-02-26 法国矿业电信学校联盟 确定使用纤芯加扰的多纤芯光纤传输系统中的纤芯相关损耗的方法和设备

Families Citing this family (37)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8773650B2 (en) 2009-09-18 2014-07-08 Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc. Optical position and/or shape sensing
JP5678679B2 (ja) * 2010-01-22 2015-03-04 住友電気工業株式会社 マルチコアファイバ
JP5708015B2 (ja) * 2010-02-26 2015-04-30 住友電気工業株式会社 光ファイバケーブル
US20110280517A1 (en) * 2010-03-16 2011-11-17 Ofs Fitel, Llc Techniques and devices for low-loss, modefield matched coupling to a multicore fiber
US9120693B2 (en) * 2010-11-08 2015-09-01 Corning Incorporated Multi-core optical fiber ribbons and methods for making the same
US8811787B2 (en) 2011-11-30 2014-08-19 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Multicore optical fiber with reduced inter-core crosstalk
US9664869B2 (en) * 2011-12-01 2017-05-30 Raytheon Company Method and apparatus for implementing a rectangular-core laser beam-delivery fiber that provides two orthogonal transverse bending degrees of freedom
US9025239B2 (en) * 2011-12-13 2015-05-05 Ofs Fitel, Llc Multi-core erbium-doped fiber amplifier
JP5870751B2 (ja) * 2011-12-22 2016-03-01 住友電気工業株式会社 空間多重光ファイバ伝送システム
JP5867076B2 (ja) * 2011-12-28 2016-02-24 住友電気工業株式会社 マルチコア光ファイバ
DK2821823T3 (da) * 2012-02-29 2020-04-20 Sumitomo Electric Industries Optisk multikernefiber, optisk multikernefiberkabel, og optisk multikernefiber-transmissionssystem
WO2013152243A1 (fr) * 2012-04-04 2013-10-10 Ofs Fitel, Llc Fibre à shunt
US9031368B2 (en) * 2012-04-26 2015-05-12 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Multi-core optical fiber, multi-core optical fiber cable, and multi-core optical fiber transmission system
US9057815B2 (en) * 2012-05-31 2015-06-16 Corning Cable Systems Llc Angular alignment of optical fibers for fiber optic ribbon cables, and related methods
JPWO2014080953A1 (ja) * 2012-11-26 2017-01-05 住友電気工業株式会社 光導波路、光ファイバケーブル、および光モジュール
KR101541850B1 (ko) 2013-08-06 2015-08-05 한국과학기술원 멀티레벨 변조방식용 트렌치형 멀티코어 광섬유 설계 방법
US9696513B2 (en) * 2013-11-22 2017-07-04 Corning Optical Communications LLC Multicore optical fibers and methods of manufacturing the same
JP2015212791A (ja) * 2014-05-07 2015-11-26 株式会社フジクラ マルチコアファイバ
JP6034344B2 (ja) * 2014-08-29 2016-11-30 株式会社フジクラ 光ファイバケーブル
US9638867B2 (en) 2014-10-06 2017-05-02 Corning Incorporated Skew managed multi-core optical fiber interconnects
JP2016139021A (ja) * 2015-01-28 2016-08-04 日本電信電話株式会社 光ファイバ及び光通信システム
JP6226905B2 (ja) * 2015-03-30 2017-11-08 株式会社フジクラ マルチコア光ファイバ、及び、マルチコア光ファイバの製造方法
JP6550146B2 (ja) 2015-03-31 2019-07-24 コーニング インコーポレイテッド 量子鍵生成のためのシステム及び方法
JP6453166B2 (ja) * 2015-06-17 2019-01-16 日本電信電話株式会社 マルチコア光ファイバ、光ファイバの製造方法、光ファイバケーブルの製造方法
US10001597B2 (en) 2015-09-22 2018-06-19 Corning Incorporated Multicore optical fibers and interconnection methods for the same
JP2018536189A (ja) * 2015-10-28 2018-12-06 コーニング インコーポレイテッド ランダムなコア構造を有するマルチコア光ファイバ
US10730785B2 (en) * 2016-09-29 2020-08-04 Nlight, Inc. Optical fiber bending mechanisms
US10162107B2 (en) 2017-02-16 2018-12-25 Institut National D'optique Multicore optical fiber for multipoint distributed sensing and probing
WO2019131098A1 (fr) * 2017-12-26 2019-07-04 住友電気工業株式会社 Connecteur optique et structure de connexion optique
US10746921B2 (en) 2018-07-20 2020-08-18 Globalfoundries Inc. Stacked waveguide arrangements providing field confinement
US20210242655A1 (en) * 2018-09-28 2021-08-05 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Optical fiber amplifier
US10989877B2 (en) 2019-07-10 2021-04-27 Globalfoundries U.S. Inc. Non-planar waveguide structures
CN112803996B (zh) * 2020-12-30 2022-03-01 中天通信技术有限公司 一种高非线性光纤耦合串扰的检测方法
CN112859329A (zh) * 2021-01-25 2021-05-28 苏州大学 基于分段思想的弱耦合多芯光纤串扰计算方法
CN114647924B (zh) * 2021-12-28 2023-03-24 苏州大学 一种基于分段思想的实际多芯光纤非线性串扰计算模型
US20230204849A1 (en) 2021-12-28 2023-06-29 Sterlite Technologies Limited Trench assisted multi-core optical fiber with reduced crosstalk
CN115455355B (zh) * 2022-09-16 2023-07-25 苏州大学 一种多芯少模光纤模间串扰检测方法及装置

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040165178A1 (en) * 2003-02-26 2004-08-26 Clements Gregory Minot Fiber optic sensor for precision 3-D position measurement
US20060140560A1 (en) * 1999-04-26 2006-06-29 Allen Martin W Optical fiber and a method for fabricating a low polarization-mode dispersion and low attenuation optical fiber
US20070065077A1 (en) * 2004-07-16 2007-03-22 Luna Innovations Incorporated Fiber Optic Position and Shape Sensing Device and Method Relating Thereto
US7324714B1 (en) * 2007-04-11 2008-01-29 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Multicore fiber curvature sensor

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5704960A (en) * 1995-12-20 1998-01-06 Corning, Inc. Method of forming an optical fiber for reduced polarization effects in amplifiers
GB9713018D0 (en) * 1997-06-20 1997-08-27 Secr Defence Optical fibre bend sensor
US6993229B2 (en) * 2003-09-30 2006-01-31 Corning Incorporated Method of making spun optical fiber with low PMD
JP5678679B2 (ja) * 2010-01-22 2015-03-04 住友電気工業株式会社 マルチコアファイバ
JP5708015B2 (ja) * 2010-02-26 2015-04-30 住友電気工業株式会社 光ファイバケーブル
JP6032009B2 (ja) * 2010-08-30 2016-11-24 住友電気工業株式会社 マルチコア光ファイバ

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060140560A1 (en) * 1999-04-26 2006-06-29 Allen Martin W Optical fiber and a method for fabricating a low polarization-mode dispersion and low attenuation optical fiber
US20040165178A1 (en) * 2003-02-26 2004-08-26 Clements Gregory Minot Fiber optic sensor for precision 3-D position measurement
US20070065077A1 (en) * 2004-07-16 2007-03-22 Luna Innovations Incorporated Fiber Optic Position and Shape Sensing Device and Method Relating Thereto
US7324714B1 (en) * 2007-04-11 2008-01-29 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Multicore fiber curvature sensor

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013019774A1 (de) * 2013-11-23 2015-05-28 Westsächsische Hochschule Zwickau Optische Anordnung zur Bestimmung von Lageänderungen, Positionen, Verformung, Bewegungen, Beschleunigungen und Geschwindigkeiten
DE102013019774B4 (de) * 2013-11-23 2019-05-09 Westsächsische Hochschule Zwickau Optische Anordnung zur Bestimmung von Lageänderungen, Positionen, Verformung, Bewegungen, Beschleunigungen und Geschwindigkeiten
CN112425095A (zh) * 2018-04-27 2021-02-26 法国矿业电信学校联盟 确定使用纤芯加扰的多纤芯光纤传输系统中的纤芯相关损耗的方法和设备

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20110129190A1 (en) 2011-06-02
JP2013513131A (ja) 2013-04-18
JP5827361B2 (ja) 2015-12-02
US8923678B2 (en) 2014-12-30
JP5654611B2 (ja) 2015-01-14
JP2014142660A (ja) 2014-08-07

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US8923678B2 (en) Techniques for manipulating crosstalk in multicore fibers
US9008479B2 (en) Multicore fiber
US9823413B2 (en) Multicore fiber designs for spatial multiplexing
EP3144709B1 (fr) Fibre optique multic ur, cable en fibre optique multic ur, et systeme de transmission de fibre optique multic ur
US9709731B2 (en) Multiple LP-mode fiber designs for mode-division multiplexing
EP2545400B1 (fr) Fibres à coeurs multiples et structures et techniques associées
US8948559B2 (en) Multiple LP mode fiber designs for mode division multiplexing
US6535678B1 (en) Multimode optical fiber with a higher order mode removing function
JP5855351B2 (ja) マルチコアファイバ
CA2029614C (fr) Coupleurs de modes a reponse dependant de la longueur d'onde
US9195000B2 (en) Techniques for reducing crosstalk in multicore fibers
US20160306108A1 (en) 9 lp-mode fiber designs for mode-division multiplexing
JP6453166B2 (ja) マルチコア光ファイバ、光ファイバの製造方法、光ファイバケーブルの製造方法
CN112219145B (zh) 多芯光纤和多芯光纤缆线
AU715043B2 (en) Polarization mode coupled single mode waveguide
JP2012211964A (ja) マルチコアファイバ
EP2628039B1 (fr) Techniques permettant de réduire les problèmes de diaphonie dans les fibres multic urs
JP6096268B2 (ja) マルチコアファイバ
WO2013152243A1 (fr) Fibre à shunt

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 10836446

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2012542193

Country of ref document: JP

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 10836446

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1