WO2011071078A1 - 芳香族化合物、並びに、それを用いたオリゴヌクレオチド誘導体合成用修飾担体、オリゴヌクレオチド誘導体及びオリゴヌクレオチド構築物 - Google Patents
芳香族化合物、並びに、それを用いたオリゴヌクレオチド誘導体合成用修飾担体、オリゴヌクレオチド誘導体及びオリゴヌクレオチド構築物 Download PDFInfo
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- 125000001981 tert-butyldimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([H])(C([H])([H])[H])[*]C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- RGCHNYAILFZUPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC(C(=O)OC)=CC(C(=O)OC)=C1 RGCHNYAILFZUPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/6558—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom containing at least two different or differently substituted hetero rings neither condensed among themselves nor condensed with a common carbocyclic ring or ring system
- C07F9/65583—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom containing at least two different or differently substituted hetero rings neither condensed among themselves nor condensed with a common carbocyclic ring or ring system each of the hetero rings containing nitrogen as ring hetero atom
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C275/00—Derivatives of urea, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C275/04—Derivatives of urea, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups having nitrogen atoms of urea groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C275/20—Derivatives of urea, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups having nitrogen atoms of urea groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an unsaturated carbon skeleton
- C07C275/24—Derivatives of urea, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups having nitrogen atoms of urea groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an unsaturated carbon skeleton containing six-membered aromatic rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C335/00—Thioureas, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C335/04—Derivatives of thiourea
- C07C335/06—Derivatives of thiourea having nitrogen atoms of thiourea groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C335/10—Derivatives of thiourea having nitrogen atoms of thiourea groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an unsaturated carbon skeleton
- C07C335/12—Derivatives of thiourea having nitrogen atoms of thiourea groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an unsaturated carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton containing six-membered aromatic rings
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/553—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07F9/576—Six-membered rings
- C07F9/58—Pyridine rings
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- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H21/00—Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids
- C07H21/04—Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids with deoxyribosyl as saccharide radical
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- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/11—DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
- C12N15/111—General methods applicable to biologically active non-coding nucleic acids
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- C12N2310/00—Structure or type of the nucleic acid
- C12N2310/30—Chemical structure
- C12N2310/35—Nature of the modification
- C12N2310/351—Conjugate
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an aromatic compound and a urea-modified carrier for synthesizing an oligonucleotide derivative, an oligonucleotide derivative, and an oligonucleotide construct using the aromatic compound.
- oligonucleotides such as DNA and RNA have been used for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes.
- a DNA chip and a DNA microarray can be mentioned.
- expression suppression by knockdown of a disease-related gene can be mentioned.
- aptamers that are nucleic acid molecules or peptides that specifically bind to specific molecules as therapeutic agents.
- RNAi refers to a phenomenon in which the action of a gene whose sequence is homologous to it is suppressed by the action of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA).
- dsRNA double-stranded RNA
- Dicer a member of the RNase III family
- siRNAs short interfering RNAs
- RISC RNA-induced silencing complex
- RNA is easily degraded by nucleases, so that the intended knockdown effect cannot be obtained sufficiently or the knockdown effect is stable. There was a problem that it was difficult to maintain.
- Non-Patent Documents 1 to 3 For example, with respect to siRNA, as shown in FIG. 1, attempts have been made to chemically modify sugar, base, and phosphate ester sites with various substituents (Non-Patent Document 4).
- the inventor modified an amidite reagent for introducing a benzene skeleton or a pyridine skeleton into a CPG resin as described in Patent Document 1 (see, for example, FIGS. 2 and 3), Two units having a benzene skeleton or a pyridine skeleton at the 3 ′ end have been successfully introduced.
- This technology was developed in consideration of the important role of the 3 ′ end dangling end in RNAi, as shown below, and improves the nuclease resistance of oligonucleotides without reducing the effect of knockdown. Can be made.
- RISC is known as a multidomain protein involved in the process of degradation of RNAi target mRNA, but recently, co-crystal X-ray crystal structure analysis of PAZ domain and siRNA in RISC has been carried out (JB.Ma). K. Ye and DJ Patel., Nature., 429, 318-322 (2004).). As a result, it was revealed that the PAZ domain recognized the 3 ′ end dangling end of siRNA, and two nucleotides at the 3 ′ end dangling end were recognized by entering the hydrophobic pocket of the PAZ domain. (JJ. Song., J. Liu., NH. Tolia., J. Schneiderman., SK. Smith., RA.
- the present inventors converted the phosphodiester bond portion of the 3 ′ end dangling end of siRNA into a carbamate bond or a urea bond, thereby eliminating the negative charge of the bond portion, It has also succeeded in enhancing the nuclease resistance and silencing activity of siRNA by improving the permeability of the cell nucleus to the membrane (Non-patent Document 5).
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional situation, and it is possible to easily synthesize an oligonucleotide derivative in which two skeletons among a benzene skeleton and a pyridine skeleton are chemically modified at the 3 ′ end, Furthermore, it is an object to provide a modified carrier for synthesizing oligonucleotide derivatives that can be easily synthesized with a small number of steps, and an aromatic compound that serves as a precursor for preparing the modified carrier for synthesizing oligonucleotide derivatives. .
- an oligonucleotide derivative in which two of the benzene skeleton and the pyridine skeleton are chemically modified at the 3 ′ end has good permeability to the cell membrane, and has excellent nuclease resistance and oligonucleotide construct The purpose is to provide.
- connection of aromatic rings by a urea bond can be very easily and quantitatively formed by coupling with carbonyldiimidazole.
- a thiourea bond can be formed very easily and quantitatively from the same raw material via the corresponding isothiocyanate.
- the modified carrier for synthesizing oligonucleotide derivatives of the present invention is characterized in that the unit represented by the following structural formula (a) is chemically modified to the carrier directly or via a linker (provided that R in the formula: 1 to R 6 each independently represent hydrogen or a substituent other than hydrogen, wherein Z 1 and Z 2 each independently represent CH or nitrogen, and X represents oxygen or sulfur.
- R in the formula: 1 to R 6 each independently represent hydrogen or a substituent other than hydrogen, wherein Z 1 and Z 2 each independently represent CH or nitrogen, and X represents oxygen or sulfur.
- the substituent other than hydrogen in R 1 to R 6 include an alkyl group, an aryl group, a haloalkyl group, and a halogen group.
- the aromatic rings are linked by a urea bond or a thiourea bond, and a hydroxymethyl group is bound to the terminal aromatic ring.
- a urea bond or a thiourea bond
- a hydroxymethyl group is bound to the terminal aromatic ring.
- the carrier is not particularly limited as long as it has a functional group capable of binding to the unit represented by the structural formula (a) (chemical formula 1) or the linker.
- examples of such carriers include glass such as microporous glass and porous glass, and plastic (for example, polyester resin, polyethylene resin, polypropylene resin, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene resin, nylon, acrylic resin, fluororesin, polycarbonate resin, polyurethane resin). Methylpentene resin, phenol resin, melamine resin, epoxy resin, vinyl chloride resin) and the like.
- the shape of the carrier may be any shape such as beads, plates (substrates), threads, spheres, polygons, powders, and the like.
- the linker is not particularly limited as long as it can chemically bond the unit represented by the structural formula (a) (chemical formula 1) and the carrier via the linker.
- the linker of DNA or RNA A linker commonly used in automatic synthesis can be used. More specifically, the following succinic acid ester linker, oxalic acid ester linker, silanediyl linker, silyl linker, and the like can be used.
- the modified carrier for synthesizing oligonucleotide derivatives of the present invention can be easily prepared by using an aromatic compound represented by the following structural formula (A) as a precursor (wherein R 1 to R 6 in the formula are independent of each other).
- A aromatic compound represented by the following structural formula (A) as a precursor (wherein R 1 to R 6 in the formula are independent of each other).
- Z 1 and Z 2 each independently represent CH or nitrogen
- X represents oxygen or sulfur
- Pr 1 and Pr 2 each independently represent A protecting group for a hydroxyl group).
- the unit represented by the following structural formula (a 1 ) may be chemically modified to the carrier directly or via a linker (provided that R 1 and R 2 in the formula are Are each independently an alkyl group, aryl group, haloalkyl group or halogen group, Z 1 and Z 2 each independently represent CH or nitrogen, and X represents oxygen or sulfur). Particularly preferred for R 1 and R 2 is an alkyl group or a haloalkyl group such as a fluoroalkyl group.
- R 1 and R 2 is an alkyl group or a haloalkyl group such as a fluoroalkyl group.
- This modified carrier for synthesizing oligonucleotide derivatives can be easily prepared by using an aromatic compound represented by the following structural formula (A 1 ) as a precursor (wherein R 1 and R 2 are each independently an alkyl group) , An aryl group, a haloalkyl group and a halogen group, Z 1 and Z 2 each independently represent CH or nitrogen, X represents oxygen or sulfur, and Pr 1 and Pr 2 each independently A hydroxyl protecting group). Particularly preferred for R 1 and R 2 is an alkyl group or a haloalkyl group such as a fluoroalkyl group.
- the unit represented by the following structural formula (a 2 ) may be chemically modified to the carrier directly or via a linker.
- the present inventors have confirmed that even when such a modified carrier for synthesizing oligonucleotide derivatives is used, it is possible to synthesize oligonucleotide derivatives easily and in high yield with a small number of steps.
- This modified carrier for oligonucleotide derivative synthesis can be easily prepared using an aromatic compound represented by the following structural formula (A 2 ) as a precursor.
- the oligonucleotide derivative of the present invention is a unit wherein the 3 ′ end of the oligonucleotide is represented by the following structural formula (a) (wherein R 1 to R 6 are each independently hydrogen or a substituent other than hydrogen) In the formula, each of Z 1 and Z 2 independently represents CH or nitrogen, and X represents oxygen or sulfur).
- the oligonucleotide derivative of the present invention can be easily synthesized by the oligonucleotide synthesis method conventionally used for the synthesis of DNA and RNA, using the modified carrier for synthesizing the oligonucleotide derivative of the present invention as a starting material.
- this oligonucleotide derivative has two aromatic rings at the 3 ′ end, and the aromatic rings are bonded to each other by a urea bond or a thiourea bond. For this reason, the 3 ′ end exhibits hydrophobicity, the permeability to the cell membrane is good, and the nuclease resistance is excellent.
- oligonucleotide derivative of the present invention when placed in a cell, the effect can be maintained for a longer time. Furthermore, when used for RNAi, it is thought that it can easily enter the hydrophobic pocket of the PAZ domain in RISC, and the effect of knockdown can be enhanced.
- the 3 ′ end of the oligonucleotide may be modified with a unit represented by the following structural formula (a 1 ) (wherein R 1 and R 2 are each independently alkyl Any one of a group, an aryl group, a haloalkyl group and a halogen group, Z 1 and Z 2 each independently represent CH or nitrogen, X represents oxygen or sulfur, and Pr 1 and Pr 2 each independently A protective group for a hydroxyl group). Particularly preferred for R 1 and R 2 is an alkyl group or a haloalkyl group such as a fluoroalkyl group.
- the present inventors have confirmed that such an oligonucleotide derivative has an excellent nuclease resistance and can sustain a knockdown effect in RNAi for a longer time when placed in a cell.
- the 3 ′ end of the oligonucleotide may be modified with a unit represented by the following structural formula (a 2 ).
- the present inventors have confirmed that such an oligonucleotide derivative has an excellent nuclease resistance and can sustain a knockdown effect in RNAi for a longer time when placed in a cell.
- the oligonucleotide portion may have a partial sequence of a predetermined gene mRNA or a complementary sequence thereof.
- the chain length of the oligonucleotide may be 10 or more and 35 or less.
- the oligonucleotide may be an oligoribonucleotide.
- the oligonucleotide construct of the present invention is an oligonucleotide construct for regulating gene expression, characterized by having any of the above-described oligonucleotide derivatives.
- This oligonucleotide construct can be an oligonucleotide construct selected from single and double stranded DNA, single and double stranded RNA, DNA / RNA chimeras and DNA / RNA hybrids, and its function. From the aspect, it can be selected from antigene, antisense, aptamer, siRNA, miRNA, shRNA and lipozyme.
- an oligonucleotide construct for gene diagnosis having any of the above-described oligonucleotide derivatives can be obtained.
- the construct can be a probe or primer.
- the modified carrier for synthesizing oligonucleotide derivatives of the present invention can be prepared as follows.
- the nucleotide referred to here is a nucleotide that may be modified.
- a method for preparing an oligonucleotide derivative by various nucleic acid synthesis methods including the amidite method using the modified carrier for synthesis of oligonucleotide derivative of the present invention can be used.
- the hydroxyl protecting group is not particularly limited, and various conventionally known hydroxyl protecting groups can be used. Specific examples of such a protecting group include a benzyl group, an acetyl group, and a benzoyl group, and a particularly preferred protecting group is a benzyl group.
- Specific examples of the amino-protecting group include a phthalic acid group and a benzoyl group, with a phthalic acid group being particularly preferred.
- a unit represented by the formula (a) may be provided.
- a unit represented by the formula (a) can be provided on the free end side.
- the primer may be appropriately provided with a unit represented by the formula (a) as necessary.
- oligonucleotide generally means a polymer having a plurality of monomer units, each of which is a monomer that constitutes an oligonucleotide or a polynucleotide.
- the oligonucleotide means deoxyribonucleotide and / or ribonucleotide as a monomer unit.
- a polymer having deoxyribonucleotides as monomer units as nucleotides is referred to as DNA
- a polymer having ribonucleotides as monomer units is referred to as RNA
- the oligonucleotide derivative of the present invention is generally used for DNA and RNA
- Oligonucleotides also include RNA / DNA chimeras.
- oligonucleotides which may be modified include purine and pyrimidines such as guanine, cytosine, thymine, adenine, uracil or methylcytosine. That is, oligonucleotides having one or more nucleotides with some chemical modification in the base, sugar moiety and phosphate ester moiety.
- the oligonucleotide derivative of the present invention can have a sense strand of DNA of a predetermined gene, an antisense strand thereof, a partial sequence of mRNA, or a complementary sequence thereof. By having such complementarity, it is possible to hybridize with various target nucleic acids, thereby expressing the intended function of the oligonucleotide derivative.
- the length of the oligonucleotide is not particularly limited and can be a length according to the use. However, considering the ease of oligonucleotide synthesis and the expected effect, it is 10 or more. It is preferable to be 35 or less.
- antisense it can be about 10 or more and 30 or less.
- siRNA the total chain length of A and B is preferably 15 or more and 35 or less, more preferably 30 or less.
- a primer it is preferably 10 or more and 30 or less, and in the case of a probe, it is preferably 10 or more and 30 or less.
- the monomer unit can be an oligoribonucleotide which may be modified.
- the oligonucleotide construct of the present invention has the oligonucleotide derivative of the present invention.
- the construct can be in the form of single-stranded DNA, double-stranded DNA, single-stranded RNA, double-stranded RNA, DNA / RNA chimera, DNA / RNA hybrid, etc. Each or a combination can be used.
- the oligonucleotide construct may also contain a modified form of the oligonucleotide.
- the oligonucleotide construct of the present invention can be used for gene expression regulation or for various uses for research and diagnosis.
- gene expression regulation applications include antigene, antisense, aptamer, siRNA, miRNA, shRNA and ribozyme.
- siRNA and shRNA by introducing the unit represented by the formula (a) into dT at the 3′-terminal overhang site in siRNA and shRNA, both nuclease resistance and silencing activity can be improved.
- Probes are oligonucleotides that have, by design or selection, a sequence that is specifically defined for the target nucleic acid and that allow them to hybridize under a given stringency. Nuclease resistance is improved by using this oligonucleotide derivative as a probe, so the effect of nuclease mixed in the sample containing the target nucleic acid is suppressed or avoided, and even if the degree of nuclease removal is low or nuclease removal treatment Sample preparation without omission becomes possible. As a result, genetic diagnosis and testing can be performed easily.
- Such hybridization between the probe and the target can be performed by immobilizing the probe on an appropriate glass substrate, a plastic substrate, or a solid phase carrier such as beads.
- the present invention also includes a solid phase carrier on which a probe containing the present oligonucleotide derivative is immobilized.
- the oligonucleotide derivative of the present invention can be used as a gene expression inhibitor by being constructed so as to function as siRNA or antisense. Further, the oligonucleotide derivative of the present invention can be used as an active ingredient of a pharmaceutical composition for prevention / treatment of diseases in humans and non-human animals. For example, for a disease associated with gene expression, the oligonucleotide derivative of the present invention constructed as a gene expression inhibitor is effective for the prevention and treatment of such diseases.
- the oligonucleotide derivative of the present invention can be used as a test reagent or a diagnostic reagent such as a probe or a primer by constructing it so as to exhibit its hybridization function. Furthermore, what hold
- the oligonucleotide derivative of the present invention can also be used in a gene expression suppression method using the gene expression suppression action of an oligonucleotide construct containing the oligonucleotide derivative of the present invention. Furthermore, it can also be used in a gene detection method using the hybridization function of the oligonucleotide construct of the present invention.
- Example 1 ⁇ Synthesis of modified carrier for synthesis of oligonucleotide derivative in which benzene ring and pyridine ring are urea-bonded>
- a modified carrier for synthesizing oligonucleotide derivatives using a benzene-pyridine skeleton as a mother nucleus was synthesized as follows. By using 2,6-pyridinedimethanol as a starting material and reacting with tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (TBDMSCl) in the presence of sodium hydride, a silyl compound 1 in which one hydroxyl group is protected with a TBDMS group is obtained in a yield of 49 % Was synthesized.
- TBDMSCl tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride
- dimethoxytritylated compound 4 was obtained with a yield of 91% using 4,4′-dimethoxytrityl chloride (DMTrCl) using 3-cyanobenzyl alcohol as a starting material, and then aluminum hydride.
- the cyano group was reduced with lithium to obtain benzylamino compound 5 in a yield of 69%.
- the pyridine derivative 3 and the benzylamino compound 5 were coupled using carbonyldiimidazole to obtain the urea derivative 6 in a yield of 43%.
- the corresponding thiourea derivative can be easily and quantitatively formed from the same raw material via the corresponding isothiocyanate.
- an oligonucleotide derivative-modified carrier having a thiourea bond can be synthesized in the same manner as the modified carrier for synthesizing oligonucleotide derivatives having a urea bond shown below.
- the urea derivative 6 obtained as described above was treated with TBAF to obtain the desilylated product 7 shown below in a yield of 98%, and then subjected to succinylation with succinic anhydride according to a conventional method.
- the modified carrier 9 for synthesizing oligonucleotide derivatives of Example 1 was obtained with an activity of 38.5 ⁇ mol / g.
- the reaction solution was washed with pyridine, EtOH, and MeCN and vacuum-dried for 12 hours, and then the activity of the obtained resin was measured.
- Comparative Example 1 Based on the technique described in Patent Document 1 previously developed by the present inventors, a modified carrier (19) for synthesizing an oligonucleotide derivative of Comparative Example 1 was synthesized according to the synthetic route of Chemical Formula 9 below. Details are described below.
- Example 2 Synthesis of modified carrier for synthesis of oligonucleotide derivative in which benzene ring and pyridine ring are thiourea-bonded>
- a modified carrier for synthesizing oligonucleotide derivatives in which a benzene ring and a pyridine ring are thiourea-bonded was synthesized according to the following synthesis route.
- the organic layer was washed with sat NaCl aq and dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 , and the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain a succinyl compound (24).
- the succinyl compound (14) vacuum-dried overnight was dissolved in DMF (6 mL, 0.01 M against CPG), and then CPG resin (119 ⁇ mol / g) (480 mg, 0.058 mmol) was added to blend with the solution . Then, EDC-HCl (44 mg, 0.23 mmol) was added and shaken for 48 hours.
- the reaction solution was washed with Pyridine, EtOH, and MeCN and vacuum dried for 12 hours, and then the activity of the obtained thiourea type CPG resin (25) was measured. Its activity value was 48.3 ⁇ mol / g.
- Put 6 mg of dried CPG resin on a glass filter, pour a solution of HClO 4 : EtOH 3: 2, determine the absorbance of the UV wavelength of 498 nm (wavelength of DMTr group) of the filtrate, and substitute it into the following formula Was calculated.
- Example 3 ⁇ Synthesis of Modified Carrier for Synthesis of Oligonucleotide Derivatives with Pyridine Rings Linked to Thiourea>
- a modified carrier 31 for synthesizing oligonucleotide derivatives in which pyridine rings are thiourea bonded to each other was synthesized according to the following synthesis route.
- N, N'-Bis ⁇ [6- (hydroxymethyl) pyridin-2-yl] methyl ⁇ urea (28) N, N'-Bis ⁇ [6- (tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy) methylpyridin-2-yl] methyl ⁇ urea (27) (855 mg, 1.61 mmol) was suspended in THF (8.1 mL), degassed, and replaced with Ar And stirred at room temperature. TBAF 1.0M THF (3.7 mL) was added dropwise and further stirred. After 5 hours, the disappearance of the raw materials was confirmed by TLC, and then the reaction solution was distilled under reduced pressure.
- reaction solution was extracted with sat NaHCO 3 aq ⁇ 1, EtOAc ⁇ 2, H 2 O ⁇ 1, sat NaCl aq ⁇ 1, and then the organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 and the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure.
- oligonucleotide synthesis method and purification method in the synthesis of siRNA are shown below.
- the phosphoramidite method shown below was used with an automatic nucleic acid synthesizer. 1.
- the 3′-end protecting group and dimethoxytrityl (DMTr) group of the oligonucleotide chain (fixed to the supporting solid CPG via the 3′-end linking group) are removed with an acid. 2.
- DMTr dimethoxytrityl
- Tetrazole was used as the amidite activator.
- Oxidation of the phosphite triester produced by coupling to a phosphotriester results in a chain with one extended nucleotide.
- each phosphoramidite of AGCU was dissolved in MeCN solution so as to be 0.1M, and the synthesized pseudo dangling end resin was dissolved in MeCN solution so as to be 0.12M.
- the synthesis was completed with the DMTr group removed at the 5 'end of the oligonucleotide.
- the CPG resin was dried through Ar gas.
- siRNA (BuP) siRNA chain synthesized using the modified oligonucleotide derivative synthesis carrier (9) of Example 1 as described above, and the modified oligonucleotide derivative synthesis carrier of Comparative Example 1 ( 18) is used to anneal the siRNA strand synthesized with the complementary strand to form double strands (TT-antisense and TT-sense, BUP-antisense and BUP-sense).
- Tm (° C.) was measured.
- SiRNA synthesized using the modified carrier (9) for synthesizing oligonucleotide derivatives of Example 1 siRNA (BuP)
- siRNA synthesized using the modified carrier for synthesizing oligonucleotide derivatives (18) of Comparative Example 1 below
- BP protein expression inhibitory effect
- the synthesized siRNA targets Renilla Luciferase, and the knockdown effect was measured by simultaneously transfecting a HeRNA cell with a vector expressing this gene and a control gene (firefly Luciferase) and siRNA.
- This method uses a vector that expresses the photoproteins Firefly luciferase and Renilla luciferase, and evaluates inhibition of protein expression of Renilla luciferase by siRNA based on the ratio of the respective luminescence (see FIG. 6). .
- HeLa cells were adjusted to 4000 cells / ml, and 100 ⁇ l each was added to each well of a 96-well plate and cultured for 24 hours.
- Each strand of the synthesized siRNA was dissolved in TE buffer (100 mM NaCl) and annealed.
- transfast transfection transfection reagent 1.5 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ l to a total volume of 175 ⁇ l
- 35 ⁇ l of each medium was put into each well of the 96-well plate from which the medium was sucked out, and after 1 hour, 100 ⁇ l of the medium was added and cultured for 24 hours. After 24 hours, the medium was aspirated and stored frozen.
- Dual-globula substrate (Firefly substrate) was added and allowed to stand for 10 minutes, and then 23 ⁇ l of the sample was transferred to a 96-well plate for luminescence measurement, and Firefly-luciferase was measured. Then, Stop and glo substrate 23 ⁇ l was added and allowed to stand for 10 minutes, and then Renilla luciferase was measured. The value of Renillaaseluciferase was divided by the value of Firefly luciferase and compared using% of control. In addition, Luminescenser JNR was used for luciferase measurement.
- siRNA (BuP) has the same level of protein expression suppression ability as siRNA (BP) having a benzene-pyridine moiety.
- a fluorescent substituent was modified at the 5 ′ end of siRNA (BuP), siRNA (BP) and natural siRNA (TT) synthesized as described above, and their 3 ′ exonuclease resistance was examined.
- the fluorescent substituent was fluorescein, and a phosphoramidite form of fluorescein was introduced into the 5 'end by a phosphoramidite method using a DNA / RNA automatic synthesizer.
- siRNA modified with a fluorescent substituent at the 5 ′ end was examined. That is, oligonucleotides fluorescently labeled with Fluoresein (siRNA (TT), siRNA (BP) and siRNA (BuP) 300 pmol, SVP 5.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 unit / mL 100 ⁇ L were added, incubated at 37 ° C., and incubated for 0 min.
- TT Fluoresein
- BP siRNA
- BuP siRNA
- reaction stop solution (0.1% BPB, XC in 7 M Urea) previously dispensed into a separate Eppendorf tube 15 5 ⁇ L of the reaction solution was added to ⁇ L to prepare a reaction solution for each time, and the 0 min sample was not added with enzyme. These were separated by 20% PAGE, and then the degree of nuclease resistance was examined by measuring the fluorescence intensity of fluorescein using a fluorescence scanner (Lumino Image Analyzer LAS-4000).
- siRNA synthesized using the modified carrier (9) for synthesizing oligonucleotide derivatives of Example 1 (hereinafter “siRNA (BuP) is composed of single-stranded and double-stranded DNA, single-stranded and double-stranded DNA”. It has also been clarified to have similar nuclease resistance when used for strand RNA, DNA / RNA chimera, DNA / RNA hybrid and the like.
- the modified carrier for synthesizing oligonucleotide derivatives of the examples can easily synthesize oligonucleotide derivatives in which two skeletons of the benzene skeleton and the pyridine skeleton are chemically modified at the 3 ′ end.
- the pyridine ring and the benzene ring are connected by a urea bond, and the connection of aromatic rings by the urea bond can be very easily and quantitatively formed by coupling with carbonyldiimidazole.
- the synthesis is easy as compared with a modified carrier for synthesizing a ribonucleotide derivative in which a phosphate ester bond is formed using an amidite reagent.
- Example 4 ⁇ Synthesis of modified carrier for synthesis of oligonucleotide derivatives in which fluoromethylbenzene rings are urea-bonded>
- a modified carrier for synthesizing oligonucleotide derivatives in which fluoromethylbenzene rings were urea-bonded was synthesized according to the following synthesis route.
- Dimethyl 5-fluoromethylisophthalate (33) Dimethyl 5-hydroxymethylisophthalate (32) (3.36 g, 15.0 mmol) is dissolved in CH 2 Cl 2 (150 mL, 0.1M solution) under an Ar atmosphere, and ice-cooled (diethylamino) sulfur trifluoride (4.00 mL, 30.5 mmol) was slowly added dropwise and stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. After confirming the progress of the reaction by TLC, MeOH (150 mL) was added to stop the reaction.
- Methyl 3-azidomethyl-5-fluoromethylbenzoate (35) Methyl 3-fluoromethyl-5-hydroxymethylbenzoate (34) (2.30 g, 11.6 mmol) was dried for 24 hours, sodium azide (3.77 g, 58.1 mmol), carbontetrabromide (4.24 g, 12.1 mmol), triphenylphosphine (3.66 g, 13.9 mmol) ) was dried for 48 hours. Under Ar atmosphere, triethylamine (3.6 mL) was added, and then dissolved in DMF (88 mL), followed by stirring at room temperature for 93 hours.
- a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution was added to the aqueous layer during extraction to make it basic, followed by extraction with ethyl acetate, dehydration with saturated brine, and drying over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and then the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure. Then, methyl 3-aminomethyl-5-fluoromethylbenzoate (37) (33.1 mg, 8%) was obtained as a yellow transparent oil.
- the present invention can provide a useful means in the medical field using nucleic acid oligomers such as RNA drug discovery that is expected to develop into individualized medicine.
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Abstract
Description
また、3´末端にベンゼン骨格及びピリジン骨格のうち2つの骨格が化学修飾されたオリゴヌクレオチド誘導体であって、細胞膜への透過性が良好で、優れたヌクレアーゼ耐性を有するオリゴヌクレオチド誘導体及びオリゴヌクレオチド構築物を提供することを目的とする。
本発明のオリゴヌクレオチド誘導体合成用修飾担体は、次のようにして調製することができる。なお、ここでいうヌクレオチドとは、改変されてもよいヌクレオチドである。
本発明のオリゴヌクレオチド誘導体を得るには、本発明のオリゴヌクレオチド誘導体合成用修飾担体を用い、アミダイト法をはじめとする各種核酸合成法によりオリゴヌクレオチド誘導体とする方法を用いることができる。水酸基の保護基としては、特に限定しないで従来公知の各種のヒドロキシル保護基を用いることができる。このような保護基としては、具体的にはベンジル基、アセチル基、ベンゾイル基等が挙げられ、特に好ましい保護基はベンジル基である。また、アミノ基の保護基として、具体的にはフタル酸基、ベンゾイル基等が挙げられ、特に好ましいのはフタル酸基である。
本発明のオリゴヌクレオチド構築物は、本発明のオリゴヌクレオチド誘導体を有している。本オリゴヌクレオチド構築物における本オリゴヌクレオチド誘導体の種類により、本構築物は、1本鎖DNA、2本鎖DNA、1本鎖RNA、2本鎖RNA、DNA/RNAキメラ及びDNA/RNAハイブリッド等の形態をそれぞれあるいは組み合わせた形態とすることができる。なお、既に説明したように、本オリゴヌクレオチド誘導体を構成するオリゴヌクレオチド部分は、改変されたオリゴヌクレオチドを含んでいるため、本オリゴヌクレオチド構築物においても改変形態のオリゴヌクレオチドが含まれることがある。
本発明のオリゴヌクレオチド誘導体は、siRNAやアンチセンス等として機能するように構築することで、遺伝子発現抑制剤として利用できる。また、本発明のオリゴヌクレオチド誘導体は、ヒト及び非ヒト動物における疾患の予防・治療用医薬組成物の有効成分として用いることができる。例えば、遺伝子発現に伴う疾患に対して、遺伝子発現抑制剤として構築した本発明のオリゴヌクレオチド誘導体はこうした疾患の予防や治療に有効である。
なお、下記実施例において使用した機器は以下のとおりである。
(使用機器)
NMRスペクトル JEOL JNM-α400
GC/MS SHIMADZU GCMS-QP 2010A
吸光度計 HITACHI U-2001 spectrophotometer,
GEヘルスサイエンス Nano Vue
DNA/RNA synthesizer Applied Biosystems Model 3400
Tm測定機 SHIMADZU UV 2400
HPLC SPD-10AVP, SCL-10AVP, LC-10AVP, DGU-10A,
CTO-10AVP, C-R8A
MALDI-TOF/MS SHIMADZU AXIMA-CFR plus
発光計測用プレートリーダー ATTO Luminescenser JNRII
(略 語)
APS ammonium peroxodisulfate
CPG controlled pore glass
DMAP 4-dimethylaminopyridine
DMTrCl 4.4’-dimethoxytritylchloride
EDC 1-ethyl-3- ( 3-dimethylaminopropyl ) carbodiimide
EDTA ethylenediamine-N,N,N’,N’-tetraacetic acid
MALDI-TOF matrix assisted laser desorption ionization - time of flight
PAGE polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
TBAF tetrabutylammonium fluoride
TBE tris-borate-EDTA
TEAA triethylammonium acetate
TEMED N,N,N’,N’-tetramethylethylenediamine
Tm melting temperature
Tris tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane
<ベンゼン環とピリジン環とが尿素結合したオリゴヌクレオチド誘導体合成用修飾担体の合成>
実施例1では、以下のようにしてベンゼン-ピリジン骨格を母核としたオリゴヌクレオチド誘導体合成用修飾担体を合成した。
2,6-ピリジンジメタノールを出発原料に用い、水素化ナトリウム存在下、tert-ブチルジメチルシリルクロリド(TBDMSCl)と反応させることにより、片方の水酸基をTBDMS基で保護したシリル体1を収率49%で合成した。さらに四臭化炭素、アジ化ナトリウムを共存させ、臭素化、アジド化を一工程で行いアジド体2を収率76%で得た後、5%パラジウムエチレンジアミン複合体触媒を用いてアジド選択的に水素接触還元反応を行い、ピリジン誘導体3を収率80%で合成した。
2-[(tert-Butyldimethylsilyloxy)methyl]-6-hydroxymethylpyridine(1)の合成
60%NaH(1.45 g, 35.9 mmol)をDMF(60 mL)に溶解し、氷冷下で撹拌しながら、2,6-pyridinedimethanol(5.00 g, 35.9 mmol)のDMF(30 mL)溶液を滴下した。Ar雰囲気下室温で1時間撹拌した後、tert-buthyldimethylchlorosilane(6.54 g, 43.3 mmol)のDMF (40 mL) 溶液を加え、さらに12時間撹拌した。TLCで原料の消失を確認した後、EtOAcと10%NaHCO3 aqで抽出し、有機層をsat NaCl aqで洗浄、無水Na2SO4を加え乾燥させた。溶媒を減圧留去後、残渣をシリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(Hex:EtOAc = 5:1)にて精製し、2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)methyl]-6-hydroxymethylpyridine(1)(4.46 g, 49%)を無色オイルとして得た。
1H-NMR(CDCl3, 400 MHz)
δ = 7.66 (1H, d, J = 7.6Hz, Ar-H), 7.39 (1H, d, J = 7.6Hz, Ar-H), 7.10 (1H, d, J = 7.6Hz, Ar-H), 4.80 (2H, s, CH2O), 4.71 (2H, s, CH2O), 0.95 (9H, s, t-C4H9Si), 0.11 (6H, s, (CH3)2Si)
13C-NMR(CDCl3, 100 MHz)
δ = 160.3, 157.9, 157.9, 137.3, 118.5, 65.8, 63.9, 25.9, 18.3, -5.4
予め真空乾燥させておいた2-[(tert-Butyldimethylsilyloxy)methyl]-6-hydroxymethylpyridine(1)(2.14 g, 8.42 mmol)、sodium azide(2.73 g, 42.0 mmol)、Triphenylphosphine(2.65 g, 10.10 mmol)、carbontetrabromide(3.07 g, 9.29 mmol)の混合物をDMF(64 mL)に溶解し、Triethylamine(2.64 mL)を加え、Ar雰囲気下で25時間撹拌した。TLCで原料の消失を確認した後、EtOAcと水で抽出し、有機層をsat NaCl aqで洗浄、無水Na2SO4を加え乾燥させた。溶媒を減圧留去後、残渣をシリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(Hex:EtOAc = 50:1)にて精製し、2-azidomethyl-6-[(tert-butyldimethyl-silyloxy)methyl]pyridine(2)(1.77 g, 76%)を薄黄色オイルとして得た。
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz)
δ = 7.73 (1H, t, J = 7.6Hz, Ar-H), 7.47 (1H, d, J = 7.6Hz, Ar-H), 7.20 (1H, d, J = 7.6Hz, Ar-H), 4.83 (2H, s, CH2O), 4.44 (2H, s, CH2O), 0.96 (9H, s, t-C4H9Si), 0.12 (6H, s, (CH3)2Si)
13C-NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz)
δ = 161.6, 154.4, 137.6, 120.0, 119.2, 65.9, 55.6, 25.9, 18.3, -5.4
2-Azidomethyl-6-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)methyl]pyridine(2)(0.83 g, 2.98 mmol)、5% Pd/C(en)(83.0 mg, 10 wt %)をMeOH(20 mL)に懸濁させ、水素雰囲気下室温で5時間激しく撹拌した。TLCで原料の消失を確認した後、触媒を桐山ロートで吸引濾去した。ろ液を減圧留去後、残渣をシリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(CHCl3 : MeOH = 30 : 1 → 10:1)にて精製し、2-aminomethyl-6-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)methyl]pyridine(3)(603 mg, 80%)を黄色オイルとして得た。
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz)
δ = 7.66 (1H, t, J = 7.8Hz, Ar-H), 7.37 (1H, d, J = 7.8Hz, Ar-H), 7.13 (1H, d, J = 7.6Hz, Ar-H), 4.82 (2H, s, CH2O), 3.94 (2H, s, CH2N), 0.96 (9H, s, t-C4H9Si), 0.12 (6H, s, (CH3)2Si)
13C-NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz)
δ = 160.8, 160.7, 136.9, 119.0, 117.8, 65.9, 47.6, 25.7, 18.2, -5.4
3-Hydroxymethylbenzonitrile(1.12 g, 8.38 mmol)と4,4’-dimethoxytritylchloride(3.41 g, 10.06 mmol)をDMF(23 mL)及びPyridine(23 mL)に懸濁し、Ar雰囲気下室温で12時間撹拌した。TLCで原料の消失を確認した後、氷水(20 mL)を加えた後、EtOAcと水で抽出し、有機層をsat NaCl aqで洗浄、無水Na2SO4を加え乾燥させた。溶媒を減圧留去後、残渣をシリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(Hex:EtOAc = 10:1)にて精製し、3-(4,4’-dimethoxytrityloxymethyl)benzonitrile(4)(3.31 mg, 91%)を無色オイルとして得た。
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz)
δ = 7.23-7.68 (17H, m, Ar-H), 6.84 (4H, d, J = 8.8Hz, Ar-H), 4.21 (2H, s, CH2O), 3.79 (6H, s, CH3O)
13C-NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz)
δ = 158.3, 144.4, 135.4, 130.5, 130.4, 129.5, 128.9, 128.5, 126.9, 118.6, 113.7, 112.1, 111.9, 111.8, 86.4, 56.9, 55.5, 54.0
LiAlH4(238 mg, 6.28 mmol)をジエチルエーテル(30 mL)に懸濁し、氷冷下撹拌しながら、3-(4,4’-Dimethoxytrityloxymethyl)benzonitrile(4)(0.86 g, 1.98 mmol)のジエチルエーテル(90 mL)溶液を滴下した。Ar雰囲気下室温で16時間撹拌した。TLCで原料の消失を確認した後、水(1.2 mL)及びMeOH(7.2 mL)を加えた。さらに30分撹拌した後、塩を吸引濾去した。ろ液を減圧留去後、残渣をシリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(CHCl3:MeOH = 100:1)にて精製し、3-(4,4’-dimethoxytrityloxymethyl)benzylamine(5)を(0.58 g, 69%)を無色オイルとして得た。
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz)
δ = 7.21-7.52 (17H, m, Ar-H), 6.83 (4H, d, J = 8.8Hz, Ar-H), 4.16 (2H, s, CH2O), 3.86 (2H, s, CH2N), 3.79 (6H, s, CH3O)
13C-NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz)
δ = 158.4, 145.0, 143.2, 139.6, 136.2, 130.0, 128.4, 128.2, 127.8, 126.7, 125.7, 125.6, 125.4, 113.1, 86.3, 65.5, 55.1, 46.5
3-(4,4’-Dimethoxytrityloxymethyl)benzylamine(5)(455 mg, 1.04 mmol)、1,1’-
carbonyldiimidazole(170 mg, 1.05 mmol)をTHF(52 mL)に懸濁し、Ar雰囲気下室温で24時間撹拌した。TLCで原料の消失を確認した後、2-aminomethyl-6-[(tert-butyl-dimethylsilyloxy)methyl]pyridine(3)(593 mg, 2.35 mmol)のTHF(13 mL)溶液を滴下した後、さらに48時間撹拌した。反応溶液を減圧留去後、残渣をシリカゲルクロマトグラフィー (CHCl3:MeOH = 100:1)にて精製し、N-[3-(4,4’-Dimethoxytrityloxymethyl)benzyl]-N’-{[6-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)methylpyridin-2-yl]methyl}urea(6)(406 mg, 54%)を無色オイルとして得た。
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz)
δ = 7.61-7.07 (16H, m, Ar-H), 6.85-6.83 (4H, d, J = 8.8Hz, Ar-H), 4.71 (2H, s, CH2) , 4.43 (2H, s, CH2), 4.37 (2H, s, CH2) , 4.16 (2H, s, CH2) , 3.78 (6H, s, CH3O) , 0.95 (9H, s, t-C4H9Si), 0.10 (6H, s, (CH3)2 Si)
13C-NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz)
δ = 160.6, 158.4, 158.2, 156.4, 145.0, 139.7, 139.1, 137.4, 136.2, 130.0, 128.5, 128.1, 127.8, 126.7, 126.2, 126.0, 125.9, 120.0, 118.3, 113.1, 86.4, 65.8, 65.4, 55.2, 45.6, 44.5, 25.9, 18.3, -5.4
Mass (EI) m/z:717 (M+)
N-[3-(4,4’-Dimethoxytrityloxymethyl)benzyl]-N’-{[6-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)methylpyridin-2-yl]methyl}urea(6)(410 mg, 0.57 mmol)をTHF(2.2 mL)に懸濁し、撹拌しながら、TBAF-1.0M THF(0.64 mL)溶液を滴下した後、Ar雰囲気下室温で4時間撹拌した。TLCで原料の消失を確認した後、反応溶液を減圧留去した。残渣をシリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(クロロホルム:MeOH = 20:1)にて精製し、N-[3-(4,4’-Di- methoxytrityloxymethyl)benzyl]-N’-[(6-hydroxymethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]urea(7)(336 mg, 98%)を無色結晶として得た。
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz)
δ = 7.52-7.02 (16H, m, Ar-H), 6.82-6.80 (4H, d, J = 8.8Hz, Ar-H), 4.59 (2H, s, CH2) , 4.39 (2H, s, CH2), 4.29 (2H, s, CH2), 4.13 (2H, s, CH2), 3.76 (6H, s, CH3O)
13C-NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz)
δ = 158.6, 158.4, 157.1, 144.9, 139.5, 139.2, 137.3, 136.1, 130.0, 128.5, 128.1, 127.8, 126.7, 126.0, 125.8, 125.7, 120.2, 118.9, 113.1, 86.4, 65.4, 64.1, 55.1, 45.3, 44.2
N-[3-(4,4’-Dimethoxytrityloxymethyl)benzyl]-N’-[(6-hydroxymethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]urea(7)(290 mg, 0.47 mmol)をpyridine(4.7 mL)に溶解し、DMAP(1.24 mg, 1.42 mmol)を加え、Ar雰囲気下室温で72時間撹拌した。TLCで原料の消失を確認した後、EtOAcとsat NaHCO3 aqで抽出し、有機層をsat NaCl aqで洗浄、無水Na2SO4を加え乾燥させた。溶媒を減圧留去してスクシニル化合物(8)を得た。一晩真空乾燥したスクシニル化合物(8)をDMF(12 mL, CPGに対して0.01 M)に溶解し、CPG樹脂(120 μmol/g)(979mg, 0.118 mmol)を加えて溶液となじませた。その後、EDC・HCl(90 mg, 0.47 mmol)を加え、室温下48時間振とうした。反応溶液をpyridineで洗浄した後、0.1 M DMAP溶液(pyridine:Ac2O = 9:1)(15 mL)を加え、さらに室温下12時間振とうした。反応溶液をpyridine、EtOH、MeCNで洗浄し、12時間真空乾燥した後、得られた樹脂の活性測定を行った。活性測定は乾燥したCPG樹脂6 mgをガラスフィルターにのせ、HClO4:EtOH = 3:2の溶液を流し込み、その濾液のUV 498 nmの波長(DMTr基の波長)の吸光度を求め、以下の式に代入することにより算出した。その結果、活性値は38.5 μmol/gであった。
本発明者らが以前に開発した、特許文献1に記載されている手法に基づき、下記化9の合成ルートに従って比較例1のオリゴヌクレオチド誘導体合成用修飾担体(19)を合成した。以下にその詳細を述べる。
イソフタル酸ジメチル(2.00 g,10.30mmol)にAr雰囲気下、dry THF (51.5mL,0.2M solution)を加え、水素化ホウ素リチウム(1.12g,51.5mmol,5eq)を加えた。23時間攪拌した後、氷浴で酢酸を数滴加えて反応液を中性にし、反応を停止した。しばらく攪拌した後、析出した結晶をMeOHで溶解した。反応中のTLC (Hex:EtOAc=1:1)では生成物は1スポットであったが、反応を停止すると2スポットに分かれた。溶媒を減圧留去後、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(EtOAc only)で単離し、化合物(11)(1.36g,9.82mmol,95%)を得た。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ[ppm]:7.39-7.26 (4H,m,aromatic protons),4.71(4H,s,-CH2-O-),1.70 (2H,d,J=76.8 Hz,OH)
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ[ppm]:139.28,129.62,128.47,63.90
Mass(EI)m/z:138 (M+),120,107,79,65,51.
HRMS(EI)Calcd for C8H10O2138.06808 Found 138.06765.
Anal.Calcd for C8H10O2:C,69.54; H,7.30.Found:C,69.45; H,7.23.
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ[ppm]:7.52-6.82 (17H,m,DMTr and aromatic protons),4.70 and 4.18 (4H,s,-CH2-O-),3.80 (6H,t,J=4.0 Hz,H-methoxy),1.62 (2H,s,OH)
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ[ppm]:158.42,145.00,140.76,139.68,136.24,130.06,128.50,128.16,127.83,126.73,126.31,125.71,125.55,113.10,86.39,65.43,55.20
Mass(EI)m/z:440 (M+),303,273,227,138,121,107,79,45.
HRMS(EI)Calcd for C29H28O4440.19876
Found 440.19806.Anal.Calcd for C29H28O4・1/5H2O: C,78.27; H,6.45.Found:C,78.33;H,6.59.
予め真空乾燥させておいた化合物(12)(0.35g,0.80mmol)をdry THF (8mL)に溶解し、DIPEA(0.4mL,4.00mmol,5eq)と亜リン酸化試薬(0.29mL,1.60mmol,2eq)を加え、Ar雰囲気下で1.5時間攪拌した。TLC(EtOAc only)により原料の消失を確認した。EtOAcとsat NaHCO3aqで抽出し、有機層をsat NaCl aqで洗浄、無水Na2SO4を加え乾燥させた。溶媒を減圧留去後、中性シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(Hex:EtOAc=1:1)で単離し、化合物(13)(0.48g,0.75mmol,94%)を得た。
32P NMR (162MHz,CDCl3)δ[ppm]:148.8
Mass(FAB) m/z:641([M++H]),303,201,154.
HRMS(FAB) Calcd for C38H46N2O5P 641.31443 Found 641.31292.
2,6ピリジンカルボン酸ジメチル(14)(2.00 g,10.25mmol)にAr雰囲気下、無水THF (51.3mL,0.2M solution)を加え、水素化ホウ素リチウム(1.16g,51.3mmol,5eq)を加えた。16時間攪拌した後、氷浴で酢酸を数滴加えて反応液を中性にし、反応を停止した。しばらく攪拌した後、析出した結晶をメタノールで溶解した。反応中のTLC (クロロホルム:メタノール=3:1)では生成物は1スポットであったが、反応を停止すると2スポットに分かれた。溶媒を減圧留去後、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(クロロホルム:メタノール=10:1~3:1)で単離し、化合物(15)(0.40g,2.88mmol,28%)を得た。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ[ppm]:7.72-7.00 (3H,m,aromatic protons),4.79
(4H,s,-CH2-)
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ[ppm]:158.37,137.44,119.12,64.33
Mass (FAB) m/z:140([M++H]),277,185,93,57.
HRMS (FAB) Calcd for C7H10NO2
140.07115 Found 140.07054.
Anal.Calcd for C7H10NO2:
C,60.42; H,6.52; N,10.07.Found:C,60.28; H,6.50; N,9.95.
予め真空乾燥させておいた化合物(15)(0.5g,3.60mmol)をピリジン(18mL)に溶解し、DMAP (22.1mg,0.18mmol,0.05eq)と4,4’-ジメトキシトリチルクロライド(1.22g,3.60mmol,1eq)を加え、Ar雰囲気下で16時間攪拌した。TLC (Hex:EtOAc=1:1)により原料の消失を確認した。酢酸エチルとsat NaHCO3 aqで抽出し、有機層をsat NaCl aqで洗浄、無水Na2SO4を加え乾燥させた。溶媒を減圧留去後、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(へキサン:酢酸エチル =4:1~3:1)で単離し、化合物(16)(0.27g,0.61mmol,43%)を得た。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ[ppm]:7.76-6.82 (16H,m,DMTr and aromatic protons),4.69 and 4.34 (4H,s,-CH2-O-),3.79 (6H,s,H-methoxy),1.58 (2H,s,OH)
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ[ppm]:158.51,158.38,157.59,144.77,137.27,135.93,130.01,128.07,127.89,126.85,119.35,118.56,113.18,86.67,66.56,63.62,55.20
Mass (FAB) m/z:442([M++H]),303,277,185,93,57.
HRMS (FAB) Calcd for C28H28NO4
442.20183 Found 442.20332.
化合物(16)(0.20g,0.45mmmol)をピリジン(4.5mL)に溶解し、そこにDMAP (1.1mg,0.009mmol,0.02eq)と無水コハク酸(136mg,1.36mmol,3eq)を加えAr雰囲気下で攪拌した。17時間攪拌した後、TLC (ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=1:1)により反応の進行を確認し、酢酸エチルとsat NaHCO3 aqで抽出し、有機層をsat NaCl aqで洗浄、無水硫酸ナトリウムを加え乾燥させた。溶媒を減圧留去後、真空乾燥させた。この濃縮物(17)(0.16g,0.30mmol,66%)にdry DMF (7.5mL)を加え溶解させ、CPG (338mg,0.075mmol)を加え30分間静置して反応液となじませた。その後、WSC (71mg,0.37mmol,4.9eq)を加え室温で一日振とうさせた。後処理として、ピリジンで洗浄した後に0.1M DMAP ピリジン溶液:無水酢酸 (9:1)溶液(6mL)を加え、16時間振とうさせた。こうして比較例1のオリゴヌクレオチド誘導体合成用修飾担体(18)を得た。このものをメタノール、アセトンで洗浄し乾燥させ活性を測定し結果、活性は73.94μmol/gであった。
<ベンゼン環とピリジン環とがチオ尿素結合したオリゴヌクレオチド誘導体合成用修飾担体の合成>
実施例2では、次に示す合成ルートにしたがってベンゼン環とピリジン環とがチオ尿素結合したオリゴヌクレオチド誘導体合成用修飾担体を合成した。
3-(4,4’-Dimethoxytrityloxymethyl)benzylamine (5) (613 mg, 1.39 mmol), carbon disulfide (0.85 mL, 13.9 mmol, 10 eq), triethylamine (0.20 mL, 1.39 mmol) をEtOH (2 mL) で溶解し、脱気後、Ar置換して室温下2時間撹拌した。その後、氷浴下di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (3.06 mg, 1.40 mmol) のEtOH (0.6 mL) 溶液、DMAP (6.12 mg, 6 mol%) のEtOH (0.6 mL) 溶液を滴下し、室温下さらに撹拌した。4時間後、TLCにより原料の消失を確認した後、反応溶液を減圧留去した。残渣をカラムクロマトグラフィー(Hexane : EtOAc = 10 : 1)で単離精製し、3-(4,4'-dimethoxytrityloxymethyl)benzylisothiocyanate (21) (640 mg, 96%) を薄黄色オイルとして得た。
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz)
δ= 7.23-7.68 (17H, m, Ar-H), 6.84 (4H, d, J = 8.8Hz, Ar-H), 4.67 (2H, s, CH2), 4.15 (2H, s, CH2), 3.79 (6H, s, CH3O)
13C-NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz)
δ= 158.3, 144.4, 135.4, 130.5, 130.4, 129.5, 128.9, 128.5, 126.9, 118.6, 113.7, 112.1, 111.9, 111.8, 86.4, 56.9, 55.5, 54.0
3-(4,4'-Dimethoxytrityloxymethyl)benzylisothiocyanate (21) (332 mg, 0.69 mmol) をCDCl3 (4.6 mL) で溶解し、2-aminomethyl-6-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)methyl]pyridine (3) (63.10 mg, 0.39 mmol) のCDCl3 (3 mL) 溶液を加え、脱気後、Ar置換してrefluxした。5時間後 TLCで原料の消失を確認した後、反応溶液を減圧留去した。残渣をシリカゲルクロマトグラフィー (Hexane : EtOAc = 3 : 1~2 : 1) にて精製し、N-[3-(4,4'-dimethoxytrityloxymethyl)benzyl]-N'-{[6-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}thiourea (22) (316 mg, 62%) を黄色オイルとして得た。
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz)
δ = 7.08-7.69 (17H, m, Ar-H), 6.82 (4H, d, J = 6.8Hz, Ar-H), 4.69 (4H, s, CH2), 4.51 (2H, s, CH2), 4.16 (2H, s, CH2), 3.78 (6H, s, CH3O), 0.92 (9H, s, t-C4H9Si), 0.05 (6H, s, (CH3)2Si)
13C-NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz)
δ= 160.6, 158.3, 154.3, 144.8, 140.0, 137.7, 136.0, 129.9, 128.5, 128.0, 127.7, 126.6, 126.3, 126.2, 126.1, 120.3, 118.8, 113.0, 86.3, 65.3, 65.2, 55.1, 49.3, 25.7, 18.1, -5.4
N-[3-(4,4'-Dimethoxytrityloxymethyl)benzyl]-N'-{[6-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}thiourea (22) (316 mg, 0.43 mmol) をTHF (2.2 mL) に懸濁し、脱気後、Ar置換して室温下撹拌した。TBAF 1.0M THF (0.48 mL) を滴下し、さらに撹拌した。12時間後TLCで原料の消失を確認した後、反応溶液を減圧蒸留した。残渣をシリカゲルクロマトグラフィー (CDCl3 : MeOH = 200 : 1~50 : 1) にて精製し、N-[3-(4,4’-dimethoxytrityloxymethyl)benzyl]-N’-[(6-hydroxymethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]thiourea (13) (141 mg, 54%) を黄色結晶として得た。
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz)
δ = 7.04-7.55 (17H, m, Ar-H), 6.75 (4H, d, J = 9.0Hz, Ar-H), 4.60 (4H, s, CH2), 4.38 (2H, s, CH2), 4.08 (2H, s, CH2), 3.71 (6H, s, CH3O)
13C-NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz)
δ= 183.4, 158.8, 158.4, 155.0, 144.8, 139.8, 137.7, 136.0, 130.0, 128.7, 128.0, 127.8, 126.7, 126.3, 126.1, 120.8, 119.4, 113.1, 86.4, 65.34, 64.3, 59.5, 55.1, 49.3
N-[3-(4,4’-Dimethoxytrityloxymethyl)benzyl]-N’-[(6-hydroxymethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]thiourea (23) (141 mg, 0.23 mmol) をpyridine (3 mL) に溶解した後、succinic anhydride (71 mg, 3 eq) 、DMAP (0.62 mg, 0.02 eq) を加え、室温下撹拌した。72時間後TLCで原料の消失を確認した後、EtOAc×2、H2O×1、sat NaHCO3 aq×1で抽出した。有機層をsat NaCl aqで洗浄し、無水Na2SO4で乾燥後、溶媒を減圧留去してスクシニル化合物 (24) を得た。一晩真空乾燥したスクシニル化合物 (14) をDMF (6 mL, CPGに対して0.01 M) に溶解した後、CPG樹脂 (119 μmol/g) (480mg, 0.058 mmol) を加えて溶液となじませた。その後、EDC-HCl (44 mg, 0.23 mmol) を加え、48時間振とうした。反応溶液をpyridine×3で洗浄した後、0.1 M DMAP溶液 (pyridine : Ac2O = 9 : 1) (15 mL) を加え、室温下12時間振とうした。
反応溶液をPyridine、EtOH、MeCNで洗浄し、12時間真空乾燥した後、得られたチオウレア型CPG樹脂(25)の活性測定を行った。その活性値は48.3 μmol/gであった。
乾燥したCPG樹脂6 mgをガラスフィルターにのせ、HClO4 : EtOH = 3 : 2の溶液を流し込み、その濾液のUV 498 nmの波長 (DMTr基の波長)の吸光度を求め、以下の式に代入することにより算出した。
<ピリジン環どうしがチオ尿素結合したオリゴヌクレオチド誘導体合成用修飾担体の合成>
実施例3では、次に示す合成ルートにしたがってピリジン環どうしがチオ尿素結合したオリゴヌクレオチド誘導体合成用修飾担体31を合成した。
2-Aminomethyl-6-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)methyl]pyridine (26) (380 mg, 1.50 mmol) 、1,1’-carbonyldiimidazole (150 mg, 0.92 mmol) をTHF (10 mL) に懸濁し、脱気後、Ar置換して室温下撹拌した。24時間後 TLCで原料の消失を確認した後、反応溶液を減圧留去した。残渣をシリカゲルクロマトグラフィー (CHCl3 : MeOH = 50 : 1) にて精製し、N,N’-bis{[6-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)methylpyridin-2-yl]methyl}urea (27) (384 mg, 96%) を黄色結晶として得た。
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz)
δ = 7.66 (2H, t, J = 8.0Hz, Ar-H), 7.38 (2H, d, J = 7.6Hz, Ar-H), 7.14 (2H, d, J = 7.2Hz, Ar-H), 4.78 (4H, s, CH2O), 4.49 (4H, s, CH2N), 0.96 (18H, s, t-C4H9Si), 0.12 (12H, s, (CH3)2Si)
13C-NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz)
δ= 160.7, 158.2, 156.6, 137.3, 119.8, 118.3, 65.9, 45.6, 25.8, 18.3, -5.4
N,N’-Bis{[6-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)methylpyridin-2-yl]methyl}urea (27) (855 mg, 1.61 mmol) をTHF (8.1 mL) に懸濁し、脱気後、Ar置換して室温下撹拌した。TBAF 1.0M THF (3.7 mL) を滴下し、さらに撹拌した。5時間後TLCで原料の消失を確認した後、反応溶液を減圧蒸留した。残渣を吸引ろ過し、N,N’-bis{[6-(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}urea (28) (812 mg) を白色結晶として得た。
1H-NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz)
δ = 7.73 (2H, t, J = 7.8Hz, Ar-H), 7.30 (2H, d, J = 7.8Hz, Ar-H), 7.13 (2H, d, J = 7.6Hz, Ar-H), 6.72 (2H, t, J = 5.8Hz, NH), 5.38 (2H, t, J = 5.8Hz, OH), 4.53 (4H, d, J = 5.6Hz, CH2), 4.28 (4H, d, J = 5.8Hz, CH2)
13C-NMR (DMSO-d6, 100 MHz)
δ = 161.1, 158.7, 158.0, 137.0, 118.7, 118.1, 64.1, 44.8
N,N’-Bis{[6-(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}urea (28) (812 mg) 、DMTrCl (271 mg, 0.8 mmol) をpyridine (6 mL)、DMSO (1.2 mL) を加え、加熱(40℃)により懸濁し、脱気後、Ar置換して室温下攪拌した。12時間後、TLCにより反応がほとんど進行していない(原料がほぼ残っていた)のを確認した後、DMTrCl (405 mg, 1.2 mmol) を追加し、攪拌を続けた。さらに12時間後、TLCにて反応の進行を確認したが、原料の消失は確認できなかった。(生成物のスポットは濃くなったが、原料がまだ残っていた。)さらに、DMTrCl (405 mg, 1.2 mmol) を追加し、攪拌を続けた。26時間後、反応の進行が確認されたため反応を停止させた。反応溶液をsat NaHCO3 aq×1, EtOAc×2, H2O×1, sat NaCl aq×1で抽出した後、有機層を無水Na2SO4で乾燥させ、溶媒を減圧留去した。残渣をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー (CHCl3 : MeOH = 20 : 1) にて単離精製し、N-{[3-(4,4'-dimethoxytrityloxymethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-N'-[6-hydroxymethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]urea (29) (424 mg, 43%) を薄黄色結晶として生成した。
1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz)
δ = 7.62-6.96 (m, 15H, Ar-H), 6.74 (d, 4H, J=9.0Hz, Ar-H), 4.52 (s, 2H, CH2), 4.33 (d, 4H, J=5.6Hz, CH2), 4.20 (s, 2H, CH2), 3.70 (s, 6H, CH3O)
ピリジン環どうしがチオ尿素結合したオリゴヌクレオチド誘導体合成用修飾担体(31) の合成
N-{[3-(4,4'-Dimethoxytrityloxymethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-N'-[6-hydroxymethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]urea (29) (363 mg, 0.60 mmol) をpyridine (7.8 mL) に溶解した後、succinic anhydride (185 mg, 3 eq) 、DMAP (1.62 mg, 0.02 eq) を加え、室温下撹拌した。72時間後TLCで原料の消失を確認した後、EtOAc×2、H2O×1、sat NaHCO3 aq×1で抽出した。有機層をsat NaCl aqで洗浄し、無水Na2SO4で乾燥後、溶媒を減圧留去してスクシニル化合物 (24) を得た。一晩真空乾燥したスクシニル化合物 (30) をDMF (15.6 mL, CPGに対して0.01 M) に溶解した後、CPG樹脂 (119 μmol/g) (1.25 g, 0.15 mmol) を加えて溶液となじませた。その後、EDC-HCl (115 mg, 0.60 mmol) を加え、48時間振とうした。反応溶液をpyridine×3で洗浄した後、0.1 M DMAP溶液 (pyridine : Ac2O = 9 : 1) (15 mL) を加え、室温下12時間振とうした。
反応溶液をpyridine、EtOH、MeCNで洗浄し、12時間真空乾燥した後、得られた樹脂の活性測定を行った。その活性値は79.91 μmol/gであった。
乾燥したCPG樹脂6 mgをガラスフィルターにのせ、HClO4 : EtOH = 3 : 2の溶液を流し込み、その濾液のUV 498 nmの波長 (DMTr基の波長)の吸光度を求め、実施例1において用いた前述の数式1より活性値を算出した。
以上のようにして得られた、実施例1~3及び比較例1のオリゴヌクレオチド誘導体合成用修飾担体を用い、固相ホスホロアミダイト法により3´末端に擬似ダングリングエンドを有する下記表1に示した配列(この配列はRenilla Luciferaseをターゲットにするものである)のオリゴヌクレオチド誘導体を核酸自動合成により合成した。また、3´末端にTTを有する天然型のsiRNAも同様に合成した。合成したオリゴヌクレオチドの配列を図4に示す。
オリゴヌクレオチドの合成には、核酸自動合成機により、以下に示すホスホロアミダイト法を用いた。
1, オリゴヌクレオチド鎖 (3´末端の連結基を介し、支持固体CPGに固定しておく) の3´末端保護基、ジメトキシトリチル (DMTr) 基を酸で除去する。
2, 新たに遊離した5´末端に、デオキキシヌクレオシドの3´-ホスホロアミダイト誘導体をつなぐ。アミダイト体活性化剤はテトラゾールを用いた。
3, 未反応の5´末端をアセチル化でふさぎ、以降のカップリングを阻止する。これで間違ったオリゴヌクレオチドは延びないと考えられる。
4, カップリングで生じた亜リン酸トリエステルを酸化し、リン酸トリエステルにすると、ヌクレオチドが1つ延びた鎖ができる。
ここでカラムを滅菌水で洗浄して塩を取り除き50% CH3CN in H2O 3 mLで溶出し、減圧下乾固した。残渣にloading solution (1×TBE in 90% formamide) 200 μLを加え(*2)20%PAGE電気泳動 (500V,20mA) を行った。目的のオリゴヌクレオチドのある部分のゲルを切り出し、溶出液(2 N TEAA buffer1mL、 0.1 mM EDTA水溶液0.2 mLとH2Oを加え20 mLとした。)に浸し、一晩振とうした。この濾液をもう一度平衡化したC-18逆相カラム (Sep-Pak) に通し、精製した。
(*1) 7 M尿素を含む20%ポリアクリルアミドゲルの調整
40%アクリルアミド溶液 (*1-1) 45 mL、尿素37.8 g、10×TBE buffer (*1-2) 8 mLを加えて溶かしH2Oを加え、80 mLとした。最後にAPS 55 mgを加え溶かした後、TEMED 40 μLを加えて混ぜ合わせスペーサー (1.5 mm) をはさんで固定させた2枚のガラス板の間に流し込み、1時間以上静置して固化させた。1×TBE buffer (*1-3) を泳道動用緩衝液として用いた。
(*1-1) 40%アクリルアミド; アクリルアミド190 g、N,N’-ビスアクリルアミド10 gをH2Oに溶かして500 mLとした。
(*1-2) 10×TBE buffer; Tris 108 g、ホウ酸 55 g、EDTA・2Na 7.43 gをH2Oに溶かして1 Lとした。
(*1-3) 10×TBE bufferを使用時10倍に希釈して用いた。
(*2)
・2N TEAA buffer (トリエチルアミン 277.6 mLを水に溶解させ、酢酸でpH 7.0に調整し1 Lとした。)
・0.1 M TEAA buffer (2N TEAA bufferを使用時20倍に希釈した。)
・0.1 M EDTA水溶液 (EDTA・4Na 1.81 gを水で40 mLに調整した。) を使用時100倍に希釈した。
また、各サンプルの分子量をMALDI-TOF/MASSにより確認した。結果を表1に示す。
・buffer組成
A buffer : 5% MeCN in 0.1M TEAA (pH 7.0)
B buffer : 50% MeCN in 0.1M TEAA (pH 7.0)
(熱的安定性)
上記のようにして実施例1のオリゴヌクレオチド誘導体合成用修飾担体(9)を用いて合成したsiRNA(以下「siRNA(BuP)」という)鎖、及び比較例1のオリゴヌクレオチド誘導体合成用修飾担体(18)を用いて合成したsiRNA鎖を相補鎖とアニーリングして二本鎖(TT-antisenseとTT-sense,BUP-antisenseとBUP-senseの二組)を組み、二組の二本鎖siRNAの50%融解温度Tm(℃)を測定した。すなわち、合成したオリゴヌクレオチドの相補鎖同士を600 pmol分量り取り乾固させ、測定用緩衝液 (10 mM NaH2PO4- Na2HPO4, 100 mM NaCl (pH 7.0)) 200 μLに溶解させ、3μMとした。そして、90℃で5分間加熱後、1時間以上放置しハイブリダイズさせた。その後、脱気を行い、得られたサンプルのうち170μLを専用セルに入れ、Tm測定機で260 nmの吸光度の温度変化を測定した。測定終了後、得られたグラフから、50%融解温度(Tm)を中線法により算出した。その結果、結果を図5及び表2に示すように、BP、BuP、PuP及びBtuPは天然型とほぼ同程度の熱的安定性が示された。
上記実施例1のオリゴヌクレオチド誘導体合成用修飾担体(9)を用いて合成したsiRNA(siRNA(BuP))、比較例1のオリゴヌクレオチド誘導体合成用修飾担体(18)を用いて合成したsiRNA(以下「siRNA(BP)」という)のタンパク発現抑制効果を評価するため、0.1nM, 1.0nM, 10nMの濃度でDual Luciferase Assayを行い、ノックダウン効果を評価した。合成したsiRNAはRenilla Luciferaseをターゲットにしており、この遺伝子とコントロール遺伝子(firefly Luciferase)を発現するベクターとsiRNAを同時にHeLa細胞にトランスフェクションすることで、そのノックダウン効果を測定した。
この方法は発光タンパクであるFirefly luciferase、及びRenilla luciferaseを発現するベクターを用いて、siRNAによるRenilla luciferaseのタンパク発現抑制を、それぞれの発光の割合から算出して評価する方法である(図6参照)。
前述のようにして合成したsiRNA(BuP)、siRNA(BP)及び天然型のsiRNA(TT)の5´末端に蛍光性置換基を修飾し、その3´エキソヌクレアーゼ耐性を調べた。蛍光性置換基はフルオレセインであり、フルオロセインのホスホロアミダイト体を、DNA/RNA自動合成機によりホスホロアミダイト法により5´末端に導入した。
すなわち、Fluoresein で蛍光標識したオリゴヌクレオチド (siRNA(TT), siRNA(BP)及びsiRNA(BuP)を300 pmol、SVP 5.0×10-3 unit / mLを100 μL加え、37℃でインキュベートし、0 min、1 min、5 min、10 min、15 min、30 min、1 h、3 hおきにあらかじめ別のエッペンドルフチューブに分注しておいた反応停止液 (0.1% BPB, XC in 7 M Urea) 15 μL中に、反応液を5 μL加え、各時間の反応溶液とした。なお、0minのサンプルは酵素を加えていないものとした。
これらを20% PAGEにて分離した後、蛍光スキャナ(ルミノ・イメージアナライザーLAS-4000)を用いてフルオロセインの蛍光強度を測定することにより、ヌクレアーゼ耐性の程度を調べた。
<フルオロメチルベンゼン環どうしが尿素結合したオリゴヌクレオチド誘導体合成用修飾担体の合成>
実施例4では、次に示す合成ルートにしたがってフルオロメチルベンゼン環どうしが尿素結合したオリゴヌクレオチド誘導体合成用修飾担体を合成した。
Trimethyl 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate (5.02 g, 19.9 mmol) をTHF (15 mL) に溶解し、脱気後、Ar置換してさらにNaBH4 (901 mg, 23.8 mmol) を加えた後、THF : MeOH (12.5 mL : 3.7 mL) 溶液をゆっくり滴下しながら加え、30分間refluxした。TLCで反応の進行を確認した後、HCl (1 N, 20 mL) を加えて反応を停止した。酢酸エチルで抽出、飽和食塩水で洗浄、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥後、溶媒を減圧留去した。残渣を中性シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー (hexane : EtOAc = 4 : 1 → 3 : 1) にて単離精製し、dimethyl 5-hydroxymethylisophthalate (32) (2.73 g, 61%) を白色結晶として得た。
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz)
δ = 8.60 (1H, s, Ar-H), 8.24 (2H, s, Ar-H), 4.82 (2H, d, J = 6.3 Hz, CH2O), 3.95 (6H, s, CH3CO2), 1.98 (1H, t, J = 6.3 Hz, OH)
13C-NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz)
δ = 166.2, 142.0, 131.9, 130.7, 129.7, 64.05, 52.37
Dimethyl 5-hydroxymethylisophthalate (32) (3.36 g, 15.0 mmol) をAr雰囲気下、CH2Cl2 (150 mL, 0.1M solution) に溶解し、氷冷下 (diethylamino)sulfur trifluoride (4.00 mL, 30.5 mmol) をゆっくり滴下しながら加え、室温で2時間撹拌した。TLCで反応の進行を確認した後、MeOH (150 mL) を加えて反応を停止した。溶媒を減圧留去した後、酢酸エチルと飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液 (×3) で抽出、飽和食塩水で洗浄、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥後、溶媒を減圧留去した。残渣を中性シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー (hexane : EtOAc = 10 : 1) で単離精製し、dimethyl 5-fluoromethylisophthalate (33) (2.57 g, 78%) を白色結晶として得た。
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz)
δ = 8.67 (1H, s, Ar-H), 8.24 (2H, s, Ar-H), 5.48 (2H, d, J = 48.1 Hz, CH2F), 3.97 (6H, s, CH3CO2)
13C-NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz)
δ = 165.8, 137.3 (d, J = 19.1 Hz), 132.2 (d, J = 6.7 Hz), 131.1, 130.8, 83.2 (d, J = 171.7 Hz), 52.5
Dimethyl 5-fluoromethylisophthalate (33) (3.16 g, 14.0 mmol) をTHF (10.5 mL) に溶解し、脱気後、Ar置換してさらにNaBH4 (638 mg, 16.9 mmol) を加えた後、THF : MeOH (8.8 mL : 2.6 mL) 溶液をゆっくり滴下しながら加え、1時間refluxした。TLCで反応の進行を確認した後、HCl (1 N, 14 mL) を加えて反応停止した。酢酸エチルで抽出、飽和食塩水で洗浄、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥後、溶媒を減圧留去した。残渣を中性シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー (hexane : EtOAc = 5 : 1 →2 : 1) にて単離精製し、methyl 3-fluoromethyl-5-hydroxymethylbenzoate (34) (2.21 g, 80%) を白色結晶として得た。
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz)
δ = 7.93 (1H, s, Ar-H), 7.87 (1H, s, Ar-H), 7.52 (1H, s, Ar-H), 5.36 (2H, d, J = 48.6Hz, CH2F), 4.67 (2H, s, CH2O), 3.88 (3H, s, CH3CO2)
13C-NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz)
δ = 166.6, 141.9, 136.7 (d, J = 18.1 Hz), 130.3, 129.8 (d, J = 5.7 Hz), 127.8 (d, J = 1.9 Hz), 127.1 (d, J = 6.7 Hz), 83.6 (d, J = 169.8 Hz), 63.8, 52.1
Methyl 3-fluoromethyl-5-hydroxymethylbenzoate (34) (2.30 g, 11.6 mmol) を24時間乾燥させ、sodium azide (3.77 g, 58.1 mmol)、carbontetrabromide (4.24 g, 12.1 mmol)、triphenylphosphine (3.66 g, 13.9 mmol) を48時間乾燥させた。Ar雰囲気下、triethylamine (3.6 mL) を加えた後、DMF (88 mL) に溶解して、室温で93時間撹拌した。TLCにて反応の進行を確認した後、酢酸エチルで抽出、飽和食塩水で洗浄、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥後、溶媒を減圧留去した。残渣を中性シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー (hexane : EtOAc = 10 : 1) にて単離精製し、methyl 3-azidomethyl-5-fluoromethylbenzoate (35) (1.37g, 53%) を淡黄色オイルとして得た。
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz)
δ = 8.02 (1H, s, Ar-H), 8.00 (1H, s, Ar-H), 7.55 (1H, s, Ar-H), 5.45 (2H, d, J = 48.1Hz, CH2F), 4.45 (2H, s, CH2N3), 3.95 (3H, s, CH3CO2)
13C-NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz)
δ = 166.2, 137.5 (d, J = 18.1 Hz), 136.5, 131.2, 130.9 (d, J = 5.7 Hz), 129.3, 128.0 (d, J = 6.7 Hz), 84.0 (d, J = 171.7 Hz), 77.50, 54.1, 52.4
Methyl 3-azidomethyl-5-fluoromethylbenzoate (35) (468 mg, 2.10 mmol) をTHF (1.5 mL) に溶解し、脱気後、Ar置換してさらにNaBH4 (97.5 mg, 2.58 mmol) を加えた後、THF : MeOH (1.3 mL : 0.4 mL) 溶液をゆっくり滴下しながら加え、20時間refluxした。TLCで反応の進行を確認した後、1 N塩酸 (2.5 mL) を加えて反応を停止した。その後、酢酸エチルで抽出、飽和食塩水で脱水、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥後、溶媒を減圧留去した。残渣を中性シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー (hexane : EtOAc = 5 : 1 → EtOAc) にて単離精製し、3-azidomethyl-5-fluoromethylbenzylalcohol (36) (149 mg, 36%) を無色透明オイルとして得た。また、抽出時の水層に飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液を加えて塩基性にした後、酢酸エチルで抽出、飽和食塩水で脱水、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥後、溶媒を減圧留去した。そして、methyl 3-aminomethyl-5-fluoromethylbenzoate (37) (33.1 mg, 8%) を黄色透明オイルとして得た。
3-Azidomethyl-5-fluoromethylbenzylalcohol (36)
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz)
δ = 7.36 (1H, s, Ar-H), 7.33 (1H, s, Ar-H), 7.26 (1H, s, Ar-H), 5.40 (2H, d, J = 48.6, CH2F), 4.75 (2H, s, CH2O), 4.38 (2H, s, CH2N3)
Methyl 3-aminomethyl-5-fluoromethylbenzoate (37)
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz)
δ = 7.99 (1H, s, Ar-H), 7.93 (1H, s, Ar-H), 7.56 (1H, s, Ar-H), 5.42 (2H, d, J = 48.1, CH2F), 3.96 (2H, s, CH2N), 3.93 (3H,s, CH3CO2)
Methyl 3-azidomethyl-5-fluoromethylbenzoate (35) (476 mg, 2.13 mmol) をTHF (21.3 mL) に溶解し、脱気後、Ar置換した。また、別のAr置換したナスフラスコにLiAlH4 (408 mg, 10.7 mmol) を加え、氷冷下THF (21.3 mL) に懸濁し、先程の化合物(3) をゆっくり滴下しながら加え、0℃で2時間撹拌した。TLCにて原料の消失を確認した後、MeOH (10 mL) を加えて反応を停止した。セライト濾過にて金属を除去した後、濾液を減圧留去した。残渣を中性シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー (hexane : EtOAc = 1 : 1 → EtOAc : MeOH = 2 : 1) にて単離精製し、3-aminomethyl-5-fluoromethylbenzylalcohol (38) (172 mg, 48%) を黄色固体として得た。
1H-NMR (CD3OD, 400 MHz)
δ = 7.43 (2H, s, Ar-H), 7.39 (1H, s, Ar-H), 5.40 (2H, d, J = 49.0, CH2F), 4.66 (2H, s, CH2O), 4.11 (2H, s, CH2N)
13C-NMR (CD3OD, 100 MHz)
δ = 144.5, 139.0 (d, J = 17.2 Hz), 135.4, 128.6, 127.7 (d, J = 6.7 Hz), 127.3 (d, J = 5.7 Hz), 85.1 (d, J = 168.8 Hz), 64.4, 44.0
3-Azidomethyl-5-fluoromethylbenzylalcohol (36) (142 mg, 0.73 mmol) を脱気後、Ar置換し、DMTrCl (323 mg, 0.95 mmol) を加えた。これに、DMF (2.0 mL) およびピリジン (2.0 mL) をそれぞれ加え、室温で22時間撹拌した。TLCにて反応の進行を確認した後、真空中で溶媒を減圧留去した。酢酸エチルで抽出、飽和食塩水で脱水、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥後、溶媒を減圧留去した。残渣を中性シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー (hexane : EtOAc = 20 : 1→ 5 : 1) にて単離精製し、3-(4,4’-dimethoxytrityloxy)methyl-5-fluoromethylbenzylazide (39) (346 mg, 95%) を無色透明オイルとして得た。
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz)
δ = 7.51-7.21 (12H, m, Ar-H), 6.84 (4H, d, J = 9.2 Hz, Ar-H), 5.39 (2H, d, J = 48.6, CH2F), 4.37 (2H, s, CH2N3), 4.21 (2H, s, CH2O), 3.80 (6H, s, CH3O)
13C-NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz)
δ = 158.5, 144.8, 140.6, 136.9 (d, J = 18.1 Hz), 136.0, 135.9, 130.0, 128.1, 127.9, 126.8, 125.7, 125.7, 113.2, 86.6, 84.2 (d, J = 169.8 Hz), 65.1, 55.2, 54.5
3-(4,4’-Dimethoxytrityloxy)methyl-5-fluoromethylbenzylazide (39) (247 mg, 0.50 mmol) をTHF (5.00 mL) に溶解し、水(0.20 mL)、triphenylphosphine (264 mg, 1.01 mmol) を順に加え、脱気後、Ar置換し、室温で15時間撹拌した。TLCで反応の進行を確認した後、酢酸エチルで抽出、飽和食塩水で脱水、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥後、溶媒を減圧留去した。残渣を中性シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー (EtOAc → EtOAc : CH3OH = 2 : 1) にて単離精製し、3-(4,4’-dimethoxytrityloxy)methyl-5-fluoromethylbenzylamine (40) (234 mg, 100%) を白濁オイルとして得た。
1H-NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz)
δ = 7.51-7.20 (12H, m, Ar-H), 6.84 (4H, d, J = 8.7 Hz, Ar-H), 5.38 (2H, d, J = 49.0, CH2F), 4.18 (2H, s, CH2O), 3.89 (2H, s, CH2N), 3.79 (6H, s, CH3O)
13C-NMR (CDCl3, 100 MHz)
δ = 158.5, 144.9, 143.4, 140.1, 136.5 (d, J = 17.2 Hz), 136.1, 130.0, 128.1, 127.8, 126.8, 126.1, 125.0 (d, J = 5.7 Hz), 124.6 (d, J = 6.7 Hz), 113.1, 86.5, 84.6 (d, J = 168.8 Hz), 65. 3, 55.2, 46.2
3-Aminomethyl-5-fluoromethylbenzylalcohol (38) (520 mg, 3.07 mmol) およびimidazole (923 mg, 13.6 mmol) をDMF (15.5 mL) に溶解させ、脱気後、Ar置換した。これに、TBDMSCl (1.03 g, 6.83 mmol) を加えて溶解させ、脱気後、再度Ar置換して室温で18時間撹拌した。TLCにて反応の進行を確認した後、酢酸エチルで抽出、飽和食塩水で脱水、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥後、溶媒を減圧留去した。残渣を中性シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー (hexane : EtOAc = 1 : 1) にて精製し、3-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)methyl-5-fluoromethylbenzylamine (41) (661 mg, 76%) を無色オイルとして得た。
1H NMR (CDCl3, 400MHz)
δ = 7.21 (1H, s, Ar-H), 7.19 (1H, s, Ar-H), 7.11 (1H, s, Ar-H), 5.35 (2H, d, J = 49.0 Hz, CH2F), 4.73 (2H, s, CH2O), 4.48 (2H, d, J = 6.0 Hz, CH2N), 0.94 (9H, s, t-C4H9Si), 0.10 (6H, s, (CH3)2Si)
3-(4,4’-Dimethoxytrityloxy)methyl-5-fluoromethylbenzylamine (40) (89.3 mg, 0.19 mmol) の入ったナスフラスコを脱気後、Ar置換してTHF (5.0 mL) を加え溶解した。また、1,1’-carbonyldiimidazole (33.0 mg, 0.20 mmol) をTHF (5.0 mL) に溶解し、化合物 (10) にゆっくり滴下しながら加え、室温で9.5時間撹拌した。TLCにて反応の進行を確認した。次に、3-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)methyl-5-fluoromethylbenzylamine (41) (54.8 mg, 0.19 mmol) をTHF (1.6 mL) に溶解し、反応系内にゆっくり滴下した。室温で13時間撹拌し、TLCにて反応の進行を確認した。溶媒を減圧留去し、残渣を中性シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー (hexane : EtOAc = 2 : 3 → EtOAc : CH3OH = 2 : 1) にて精製し、N-3-(4,4’-Dimethoxytrityloxy)methyl-5-fluoromethylbenzyl-N’-3-(t-Butyldimethylsilyloxy)methyl-5-fluoromethylbenzylurea (42) (93.5 mg, 63%) を無色オイルとして得た。
1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz)
δ = 7.47-6.79 (19H, m, Ar-H), 5.28 (4H, d, J = 49.0 Hz, CH2F), 4.34 (2H, s, CH2), 4.15 (2H, s, CH2), 3.75 (8H, s, CH3O and CH2), 3.72 (2H, s, CH2), 0.93 (9H, s, t-C4H9Si), 0.09 (6H, s, (CH3)2Si)
Claims (17)
- 前記オリゴヌクレオチドは所定の遺伝子mRNAの部分配列又はその相補配列を有する請求項7乃至9のいずれか1項に記載のオリゴヌクレオチド誘導体。
- 前記オリゴヌクレオチドの鎖長は10以上35以下である請求項7乃至10のいずれか1項記載のオリゴヌクレオチド誘導体。
- 前記オリゴヌクレオチドはオリゴリボヌクレオチドであることを特徴とする請求項7乃至11のいずれか1項記載のオリゴヌクレオチド誘導体。
- 遺伝子発現調節用オリゴヌクレオチド構築物であって、
請求項7乃至12のいずれか1項に記載のオリゴヌクレオチド誘導体を有する構築物。 - 1本鎖及び2本鎖DNA、1本鎖及び2本鎖RNA、DNA/RNAキメラ並びにDNA/RNAハイブリッドから選択される遺伝子発現調節用オリゴヌクレオチド構築物であって請求項12に記載の構築物。
- アンチジーン、アンチセンス、アプタマー、siRNA、miRNA、shRNA及びリポザイムから選択される請求項13又は14に記載の構築物。
- 遺伝子診断用オリゴヌクレオチド構築物であって、請求項13乃至15のいずれかに記載のオリゴヌクレオチド誘導体を有する構築物。
- プローブ又はプライマーであることを特徴とする請求項16に記載の構築物。
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JP2014195438A (ja) * | 2013-03-29 | 2014-10-16 | シーシーアイ株式会社 | 細胞増殖抑制剤およびがんの予防・治療剤 |
WO2017047594A1 (ja) * | 2015-09-14 | 2017-03-23 | 国立大学法人岐阜大学 | ヌクレオシド誘導体及びその利用 |
JP2018524387A (ja) * | 2015-07-21 | 2018-08-30 | イミュノジェン・インコーポレーテッド | 細胞毒性ベンゾジアゼピン誘導体の調製方法 |
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JP6215455B2 (ja) * | 2013-05-21 | 2017-10-18 | 成都先導薬物開発有限公司 | 化合物投与前駆体及び薬物担体製剤 |
CN106906213B (zh) * | 2017-01-20 | 2020-01-21 | 南方医科大学 | 一种修饰的siRNA及其用途 |
CN112337445A (zh) * | 2020-10-16 | 2021-02-09 | 邓颖菁 | 一种吸附重金属的纳米聚酯膜及其制备方法 |
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CA2114355A1 (en) * | 1993-01-29 | 1994-07-30 | Hidehiko Furukawa | Modified oligodeoxyribonucleotides, their preparation and their therapeutic use |
JP2004324877A (ja) * | 2003-04-11 | 2004-11-18 | Nsk Ltd | トロイダル型無段変速機 |
WO2006027862A1 (ja) * | 2004-09-07 | 2006-03-16 | Gifu University | ヌクレオシド類似体、およびそれを含むオリゴヌクレオチド類似体 |
JP5493117B2 (ja) * | 2006-02-15 | 2014-05-14 | 国立大学法人岐阜大学 | オリゴヌクレオチド誘導体及びその利用 |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2014195438A (ja) * | 2013-03-29 | 2014-10-16 | シーシーアイ株式会社 | 細胞増殖抑制剤およびがんの予防・治療剤 |
JP2018524387A (ja) * | 2015-07-21 | 2018-08-30 | イミュノジェン・インコーポレーテッド | 細胞毒性ベンゾジアゼピン誘導体の調製方法 |
WO2017047594A1 (ja) * | 2015-09-14 | 2017-03-23 | 国立大学法人岐阜大学 | ヌクレオシド誘導体及びその利用 |
JPWO2017047594A1 (ja) * | 2015-09-14 | 2018-10-11 | 国立大学法人岐阜大学 | ヌクレオシド誘導体及びその利用 |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2511260A4 (en) | 2013-11-13 |
US8633304B2 (en) | 2014-01-21 |
US20120245341A1 (en) | 2012-09-27 |
EP2511260A1 (en) | 2012-10-17 |
CN102666480A (zh) | 2012-09-12 |
JP5721180B2 (ja) | 2015-05-20 |
EP2511260B1 (en) | 2015-07-29 |
CN102666480B (zh) | 2014-04-09 |
JPWO2011071078A1 (ja) | 2013-04-22 |
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