Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
  • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
  • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
  • H03K17/94—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
  • H03K17/96—Touch switches
  • H03K17/962—Capacitive touch switches
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
  • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
  • G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
  • G01D5/24—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying capacitance
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
  • G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
  • G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
  • G01R27/26—Measuring inductance or capacitance; Measuring quality factor, e.g. by using the resonance method; Measuring loss factor; Measuring dielectric constants ; Measuring impedance or related variables
  • G01R27/2605—Measuring capacitance
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
  • G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
  • G01V3/08—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified by objects or geological structures or by detecting devices
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H36/00—Switches actuated by change of magnetic field or of electric field, e.g. by change of relative position of magnet and switch, by shielding
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
  • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
  • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
  • H03K17/94—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
  • H03K17/945—Proximity switches
  • H03K17/955—Proximity switches using a capacitive detector
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
  • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
  • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
  • H03K17/94—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
  • H03K17/96—Touch switches
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
  • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
  • G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
  • G01D5/24—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying capacitance
  • G01D5/241—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying capacitance by relative movement of capacitor electrodes
  • G01D5/2417—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying capacitance by relative movement of capacitor electrodes by varying separation
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
  • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
  • H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
  • H03K2217/94—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00 characterised by the way in which the control signal is generated
  • H03K2217/96—Touch switches
  • H03K2217/9607—Capacitive touch switches
  • H03K2217/960755—Constructional details of capacitive touch and proximity switches
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
  • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
  • H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
  • H03K2217/94—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00 characterised by the way in which the control signal is generated
  • H03K2217/96—Touch switches
  • H03K2217/9607—Capacitive touch switches
  • H03K2217/960755—Constructional details of capacitive touch and proximity switches
  • H03K2217/960775—Emitter-receiver or "fringe" type detection, i.e. one or more field emitting electrodes and corresponding one or more receiving electrodes

Definitions

• the invention relates to a device for an electrical hand-held device for detecting a grasping of the hand-held device by a hand, so that when the hand-held device is grasped by the hand, the hand-held device can be converted, for example, from a sleep mode into an active mode.
• the invention further relates to an electrical hand-held device with a detection device according to the invention and to a method for detecting a grasping of an electrical hand-held device by a hand.
• the object of the present invention is therefore to provide solutions with which the energy efficiency of electrical hand-held devices can be reliably improved and the ease of use of the electrical hand-held devices can be improved at the same time.
• a device for an electrical hand-held device for detecting gripping of the hand-held device by a hand
• At least one transmitting electrode of which an alternating electric field is emissive
• At least one receiving electrode into which the alternating electric field can be coupled at least partially
• the at least one transmitting electrode and the at least one receiving electrode are arranged on the handset so that they are at least partially covered by the hand when grasping the handset by hand, when grasping the handset by hand, a first portion of the transmitting electrode emitted alternating electric field via the hand in the receiving electrode can be coupled, and wherein the first portion of the alternating electric field is a representative of an encompassing of the handset by the hand feature.
• An essential advantage is that the device according to the invention itself requires only a very small amount of energy in order to reliably detect gripping of the hand-held device by one hand.
• the operation or the use of the handset is much easier because no key is no longer necessary to transfer the handset on the one hand from a sleep mode in an operating or active mode and on the other hand to transfer from an operating or active mode in a sleep mode , It has been found to be particularly advantageous that can be dispensed with the provided in the prior art for switching the operating modes keys, which brings additional design freedom for the design of the handset with it.
• the device can furthermore have at least one electrically conductive structure that can be coupled to the ground potential of the electrical hand-held device, with the electrically conductive structure being arranged relative to the transmitting electrode and the receiving electrode in order to ensure that the hand-held device does not encircle the electrical emitted from the transmitting electrode To prevent change field in the receiving electrode substantially.
• the device can furthermore have at least one electrically conductive structure that can be coupled to the ground potential of the electrical hand-held device, wherein the electrically conductive structure can be arranged relative to the transmitting electrode and the receiving electrode such that
• a third portion of the alternating electric field which is smaller in magnitude than the second portion, can be coupled into the receiving electrode to prevent when not encircling the handset coupling the emitted by the transmitting electrode alternating electric field in the receiving electrode substantially, wherein when gripping of the handset, the third portion of the alternating electric field is smaller in magnitude than the first portion of the alternating electric field.
• the first portion of the alternating electric field may generate a first electrical current in the receiving electrode and the third portion of the alternating electric field may generate a second electrical current in the receiving electrode, wherein the representative feature additionally introduces the third portion of the alternating electric field by the representative feature is formed by the total current resulting from the first electric current and the second electric current.
• a total current above a predetermined threshold may be indicative of encompassing the handset. This threshold can be adjusted depending on the device.
• the total current which is greater in magnitude than a predetermined threshold, indicative of a handset includes.
• the handset may include a housing, wherein the transmitting electrode and the receiving electrode are locatable on the surface or near below the surface of the housing.
• the transmitting electrode can be arranged on a first side wall of a housing of the handset and the receiving electrode can be arranged on a second side wall of the housing of the handset.
• the first side wall may be arranged opposite the second side wall.
• the receiving electrode can be coupled to a capacitive sensor, which comprises a signal generator, wherein the output signal of the capacitive sensor is dependent on the capacitive load of the sensor at the receiving electrode, wherein the transmitting electrode is coupled via a phase shifter with the signal generator to the transmitting electrode with a to act on the signal of the signal generator phase-shifted signal.
• the receiving electrode and the transmitting electrode can each be arranged electrically isolated from the handset on the handset.
• electrical hand-held devices with a metallic housing can also be equipped with the device according to the invention, with the isolation largely preventing or preventing coupling of the alternating electric field via the metallic housing into the receiving electrode.
• a detection device which has at least one transmitting electrode and at least one receiving electrode, wherein the at least one transmitting electrode is connected to an electrode. is applied AC voltage, so that at the at least one transmitting electrode, an alternating electric field is emitted, wherein
• the detection device can have at least one electrically conductive structure that can be coupled to the ground potential of the electrical hand-held device, wherein
• a second portion of the alternating electric field is coupled into the electrically conductive structure and a third portion of the alternating electric field, which is smaller in magnitude than the second portion, is coupled into the receiving electrode,
• the third portion of the alternating electric field in the receiving electrode generates a second electric current, wherein from the first electrical
• a switch-on mode and / or an active mode of the handset is brought about when the total current exceeds a predetermined first threshold;
• a sleep mode of the handset is brought about when the total current falls below a predetermined second threshold.
• the first threshold and the second threshold may be identical. But they can also be different.
• the receiving electrode can be coupled to a capacitive sensor, which comprises a signal generator and whose output signal is dependent on the capacitive load on the receiving electrode, wherein the transmitting electrode is acted upon by the signal generator with an alternating signal which is out of phase with the signal of the signal generator.
• an electric handset which has a detection device according to the invention for detecting a gripping of the handset.
• the at least one transmitting electrode and the at least one receiving electrode can be arranged on the handset so that they are at least partially covered by the hand when grasping the handset by hand.
• the handheld electrical device may include at least one of a mobile phone, game console input device, mobile minicomputer, headphones, hearing aid, computer mouse, and remote control.
• the invention provides a method for producing a hand-held device with a device according to the invention for detecting a grasping of the hand-held device by a hand, wherein
• At least one transmitting electrode of which an alternating electric field can be emitted, at least one receiving electrode into which the alternating electric field can be coupled at least partially, and at least one electrically conductive structure are arranged on the handheld device, -
• the at least one transmitting electrode and the at least one receiving electrode are arranged so that when grasping the handset with the hand, a first portion of the alternating electric field emitted by the transmitting electrode can be coupled into the hand and de is coupled from the hand into the receiving electrode, and
• the electrically conductive structure is arranged relative to the transmitting electrode and the receiving electrode, that a second portion of the alternating electric field in the electrically conductive structure can be coupled and a third portion of the alternating electric field, which is smaller in magnitude than the second portion, coupled into the receiving electrode is to prevent non-encircling the handset coupling the emitted by the transmitting electrode alternating electric field in the receiving electrode substantially, wherein when embracing the handset of the third portion of the alternating electric field is smaller in magnitude than the first portion of the alternating electric field.
• the detection device has at least one electrically conductive structure that can be coupled to the ground potential of the electrical hand-held device, wherein the electrically conductive structure is arranged relative to the transmitting electrode and the receiving electrode such that coupling of the alternating electric field emitted at the transmitting electrode does not encircle the hand-held device the receiving electrode is substantially prevented.
• the method is preferably designed such that
• a second portion of the alternating electric field is coupled into the electrically conductive structure and a third portion of the alternating electric field, which is smaller in magnitude than the second portion, is coupled into the receiving electrode,
• the third portion of the alternating electric field in the receiving electrode generates a second electric current, wherein the total current, which results from the first electric current and the second electric current, indicative of embracing the handset is.
• the method may be adapted to
• a switch-on mode and / or an active mode of the handset is brought about when the total current exceeds a predetermined threshold
• a sleeping mode of the handset is brought about when the total current falls below a predetermined threshold.
• Fig. 1 is an electrical handset, which is encompassed by a hand, as an explanation of the principle of operation of the invention
• FIG. 2 shows the course of field lines on a handheld device, which is stored on an electrically non-conductive storage surface.
• FIG. 3 shows the field profile on a handheld device which is stored on an electrically conductive storage surface
• Fig. 4 shows the time course of a sensor signal in dependence on whether the handset on a non-conductive or on a conductive
• FIG. 5 shows an arrangement according to the invention of the detection device in a hand-held device, the ground-potential-coupled electrically conductive structure also being arranged on the upper shell of the housing of a hand-held device;
• Fig. 6 is a block diagram of an electrical circuit for signal generation and evaluation
• Fig. 7 shows an alternative embodiment of the electrical circuit shown in Fig. 6;
• Fig. 8 shows another embodiment of an electrical circuit for
• Fig. 10 shows an electrode assembly to a housing, wherein a PCB as
• Ground potential for the electrode assembly is used; a possible arrangement of a coupled to the ground potential of the electrical handset conductive structure for suppressing the propagation of field lines in the interior of the housing; an electrode arrangement according to the invention on a housing with a power supply disposed in the interior of the housing, which serves as a ground potential;
• Electrodes on a metal housing which has a coupling to the ground potential of the handset
• a detection device for a hand-held electrical device for detecting a gripping of the handset by a hand
• a detection device with a receiving electrode and a plurality of transmitting electrodes
• Fig. 1 shows an electrical hand-held device with a detection device according to the invention in cross-section, wherein the hand-held device is gripped by a hand H.
• a transmitting electrode SE On a side wall of the electric hand-held device is a transmitting electrode SE and on one side wall of a side wall opposite a receiving electrode EE is arranged.
• the transmitting electrode SE and the receiving electrode EE are arranged on the opposite side surfaces of the handset so that when embracing the housing with one hand both electrodes are at least partially covered by the hand.
• the transmission electrode SE is coupled to a signal generator G which generates a low-frequency alternating electrical voltage.
• the transmission electrode SE is acted upon or impressed with this electrical alternating voltage.
• an alternating electric field 20 is formed at the transmitting electrode SE.
• the electrical AC voltage provided by the generator G has a frequency of approximately between 10 kHz and 300 kHz.
• the alternating electrical voltage has a frequency between 75 kHz and 150 kHz.
• the gripping of the handset by a hand H leads to a capacitive coupling between the transmitting electrode SE and the receiving electrode EE.
• the capacitive coupling between the transmitting electrode SE and the receiving electrode EE when gripping the handset by a hand is greater than a capacitive coupling without a grasping by a hand or as in the stored state of the handset.
• a complete gripping of the hand-held device by the hand, ie the hand completely reversing the hand-held device. is not necessary. It is sufficient if the hand rests on both side surfaces, ie in the region of the transmitting electrode or the receiving electrode, so that the hand at least partially covers the transmitting electrode and the receiving electrode.
• the alternating electric field 20 emitted by the transmitting electrode SE is picked up by the hand H and forwarded to the receiving electrode and coupled there.
• the capacitive sensor S which is coupled to the receiving electrode, receives the signal and supplies it to an evaluation device A.
• the areas of the sensor electrode and the receiving electrode are preferably selected so that they correspond to the contact surface of the hand or the fingers on the housing 10 in the engaged state.
• the detection device on the electrical hand-held device is designed such that without gripping by a hand H, the capacitive coupling between the sensor electrode SE and the receiving electrode EE is minimized or prevented.
• the system is additionally designed so that a capacitive coupling between the sensor electrode SE and the receiving electrode EE is reduced or prevented in the interior of the housing, as will be explained in more detail with reference to the following figures.
• the strong capacitive coupling between the transmitting electrode SE and the receiving electrode EE is missing, ie at the receiving electrode EE only a very small proportion of the alternating electric field radiated at the transmitting electrode SE is coupled in. Thereby, a non-encompassing of the electrical handset can be safely distinguished from encompassing the electrical handset.
• Fig. 2 shows an electrical hand-held device in cross-section, which is deposited on an electrically non-conductive surface 35.
• an electrically conductive structure GE is arranged, which is coupled to the ground potential of the electrical hand-held device.
• the electrically conductive structure GE is intended to reduce the capacitive coupling between the transmitting electrode SE and the receiving electrode EE or to largely prevent propagation of the electric field lines 20 from the transmitting electrode SE to the receiving electrode EE, in which the light emitted at the transmitting electrode SE alternating electrical field 20 is largely absorbed by the electrically conductive structure GE already in the vicinity of the transmitting electrode SE through the structure GE, ie the alternating electric field 20 radiated at the transmitting electrode SE is coupled into the electrically conductive structure GE.
• the receiving electrode EE then flows almost no current, which is indicative that the handset is in a stored state or is not encompassed by a hand H.
• an electrical hand-held device is shown, which is stored on an electrically conductive shelf 30.
• the transmitting electrode SE and the receiving electrode EE are arranged according to the invention in each case on a side wall of the housing 10 of the electric hand-held device.
• the electrically conductive structure GE which is coupled to the ground potential of the electrical hand-held device, is configured in such a way that a large part of the alternating electric field 20 coupled into the electrically conductive deposition surface 30 is coupled into the electrically conductive structure GE.
• a resulting Resteinkoppelung of the alternating electric field in the receiving electrode EE is very small, so that due to the residual coupling in the receiving electrode EE only a very small current flows, as will be explained with reference to FIG. 4 in more detail.
• the arrangement of the transmitting electrode SE and the receiving electrode EE on the side wall of the electrical handset and the configuration of the electrically conductive structure GE ensure that a distinction of a handset in the stored state on an electrically conductive shelf from a grasping by a hand H can be safely accomplished.
• the sensor signal can be represented, for example, by the current flowing in the receiving electrode EE.
• the electric handset is placed on an electrically non-conductive storage surface. Due to the very low or non-existent capacitive coupling between the transmitting electrode and the receiving electrode in a handset, which is stored on an electrically non-conductive Ablagefiamba flows in the receiving electrode EE only a very small current. If the handset is now held in the hand or embraced by the hand, so that the hand at least partially covers the arranged on the housing electrodes SE and EE, this leads due to the now very strong capacitive coupling between the transmitting electrode SE and the receiving electrode EE a sudden increase in the electrical current flowing in the receiving electrode EE.
• the signal curve which corresponds to the handset in the engaged state is plotted between the times t1 and t2.
• the capacitive coupling between the transmitting electrode SE and the receiving electrode EE decreases abruptly. Due to a certain (very low) capacitive coupling between the transmitting electrode SE and the receiving electrode EE via the electrically conductive depositing surface, the current flowing in the receiving electrode EE may be greater in a hand-held device deposited on an electrically conductive depositing surface than in one an electrically non-conductive storage surface stored handset.
• a predetermined action can be triggered in the handset.
• a further predetermined action in the hand-held device can be triggered. For example, when the detection threshold 60 is exceeded, which is the case when the handheld device is grasped by one hand, the handset can be transferred from a so-called sleep mode to an active mode. Full functionality can be provided in the active mode.
• the handset of the active mode can be converted back into the sleep mode, in the sleep mode, for example, all unnecessary functions of the handset are disabled or unnecessary electrical assembly can not be powered.
• the undershooting of the detection threshold can be used to completely switch off the display device, for example a mobile telephone.
• the detection device according to the invention thus makes it possible to convert the electrical hand-held device into an active mode only when it is actually encompassed by a hand.
• the inventive arrangement of the sensor electrode and the receiving electrode and coupled to the ground potential of the electrical handset conductive structure GE also misinterpretation reliably avoided, which could occur in the prior art, when the electrical handset was placed on an electrically conductive shelf.
• a fixed detection threshold 60 is assumed. In practice, however, a sliding detection threshold 60 can be provided, which adapts within certain limits to the measured values or to the sensor signal. It is also possible to provide a plurality of different detection thresholds whose exceeding or falling below each triggers different actions. A second detection threshold, not shown here, may be provided, which lies below the detection threshold 60 shown here. Exceeding the lower detection threshold may, for example, lead to an initialization process being carried out in the electrical hand-held device, so that when the upper detection threshold 60 is exceeded, the electrical hand-held device is already fully operationally available.
• Fig. 5 shows a cross section through an electrical hand-held device with a detection device according to the invention.
• the electrically conductive structure GE which is coupled to the ground potential of the electrical hand-held device, is also arranged in the region of the upper shell of the housing 10 or the upper side of the housing, so that it is suitable for reliable detection of the Encompassing a hand or the removal of the electrical handset on a shelf is not important whether the electrical handset is placed with the bottom or top on the shelf.
• a second electrical conductive structure GE coupled to the ground potential of the electrical hand-held device can be provided for the upper shell of the housing 10.
• FIGS. 6 to 9 show possible concepts for generating a signal with which the transmitting electrode SE is applied and for evaluating the signal applied to the receiving electrode EE.
• Fig. 6 shows an evaluation circuit with a peak synchronous rectifier and a MikrocontroUer.
• a generator G generates an electrical alternating signal, which is applied to the electrode SE.
• the generator G may be coupled to the microcontroller.
• the alternating signal applied to the receiving electrode EE, i. the coupled there alternating electric field is fed to a rectifier device with subsequent filter F.
• the rectified and smoothed with the filter DC signal is fed to an analog-to-digital converter.
• the analog-to-digital converter can be part of the microcontroller.
• the MikrocontroUer is designed to evaluate that provided by the analog-to-digital converter digital signal to detect a grasping of the handset by a hand.
• the result of the evaluation can be provided as a (digital) detector signal DS from the MikrocontroUer for further processing in the electronic hand-held device.
• the MikrocontroUer can also be provided to control the signal generator G.
• FIG. 7 shows an alternative embodiment of the electrical circuit for signal generation and evaluation shown in FIG.
• a comparator is provided which, like the microcontroller according to FIG. 6, provides a (digital) detector signal DS for further processing in the electrical hand-held device.
• Fig. 8 shows a further circuit according to the invention for signal generation and evaluation.
• an evaluation takes place here in that the signal applied to the receiving electrode is scanned directly. For this purpose, the voltage applied to the receiving electrode alternating signal is first supplied to a gain. The amplified signal is fed to an analog-to-digital converter, which may be part of the microcontroller.
• the microcontroller may comprise a square-wave generator which provides a signal to which the transmitting electrode SE is applied.
• the rectangular signal provided by the microcontroller can be converted into a signal with a lower bandwidth, for example into a signal with a signal shape similar to a sinusoidal shape.
• the evaluation can be synchronized with the signal generator, which is indicated by "synch" in FIGS. 6 to 8. Synchronization is optional 6 and 7, synchronous rectification takes place instead of a peak value rectification, which is advantageous in terms of improved immunity to interference With reference to Fig. 8, the principle of synchronous rectification is shown on a digital basis, with the sample-and-hold method shown in Figs.
• FIG. 9 shows a circuit arrangement for a signal generation and an evaluation, which is based on a capacitive sensor S.
• the capacitive sensor S whose sensor electrode simultaneously the receiving electrode EE of the detection device according to the invention represents, works according to a load method, ie that the output signal of the capacitive sensor S is dependent on the capacitive loading of the sensor electrode or the receiving electrode EE. Whether the capaci- tive sensor S evaluates an amplitude change, a change in frequency or a phase angle of the sensor signal is not important.
• a transmitting electrode SE is provided on the housing wall, which is located opposite the housing wall, on which the receiving electrode EE is arranged.
• the signal provided by the signal generator of the capacitive sensor S is amplified and supplied to the transmitting electrode SE.
• the signal supplied to the transmitting electrode SE can optionally be shifted in its phase, in which a phase shifter is provided between the signal generator G and the transmitting electrode SE.
• an alternating electrical field is then emitted whose phase position is shifted to the phase position of the signal generator G provided by the signal.
• the alternating electric field emitted at the transmitting electrode SE is forwarded via the hand to the sensor electrode or the receiving electrode EE and coupled in at this point.
• two different effects result: With large phase offsets (90 ° to 270 °), a countercoupling occurs, so that the capacitance measured at the receiving electrode EE increases sharply.
• a hand embracing the electrical handset thereby causes a significantly greater increase in capacitance at the receiving electrode EE than without the transmitting electrode SE.
• At low phase offset (0 ° to 90 ° and 207 ° to 360 °) creates a coupling.
• a coupling has the effect that when embracing the electrical handset by a hand, the capacity at the receiving electrode EE is greatly reduced.
• an object which is located on the sensor electrode or on the receiving electrode EE can be distinguished in a particularly simple manner from a gripping around of the handheld device by a hand.
• An object on the sensor electrode or on the receiving electrode EE thus leads to an increase in capacity, while embracing the handset by a hand leads to a reduction in capacity.
• the capacitance sensor S can provide a digital output signal which is fed to a microcontroller for evaluation.
• the controller can in turn provide a (digital) detector signal DS, which is made available to the electrical handset for further processing.
• the arrangement of the sensor electrode SE and the receiving electrode EE to each other and coupled to the ground potential of the electrical handheld electrical conductive structure is chosen so that the smallest possible capacitive coupling between the transmitting and the receiving electrode on direct way, so not on the hand , is achieved. This is ensured primarily by the coupled to the ground potential electrically conductive structure.
• an electrical conductive structure coupled to the ground potential of the electrical handset is provided inside the housing, as shown with reference to FIG. On the upper shell of the housing 10 may be provided in addition to a second coupled to the ground potential of the electrical device electrically conductive structure.
• FIG. 12 As an alternative to adding an electrically conductive structure, which is coupled to the ground potential, also existing components of the electrical handset can be used.
• FIG. 12 An example of this is shown in FIG. 12, where, for example, a battery B, which is coupled to the ground potential of the electrical handset, is used to at least partially suppress spreading of the field lines in the interior of the housing 10.
• FIGS. 13 and 14 each show a housing 10, on the side wall of which in each case a transmitting electrode and a receiving electrode are arranged, which are each surrounded by an electrode structure, which are coupled to the ground potential of the hand-held device.
• the influence of electrically conductive objects in the environment of the handheld device can thus be reduced. However, the hand must be placed more specifically on the transmitting and receiving electrode.
• Figs. 15 and 16 show electrode embodiments which can be used for arranging the electrodes SE and EE on electrical hand-held devices with a metal housing.
• a metal housing 10 of a handset is shown, which is coupled to the ground potential of the electrical handset.
• the electrodes SE and EE are applied here in isolation from the metal housing 10.
• Fig. 16 shows a metal housing 10, which is not coupled to the ground potential of the electrical handset.
• the electrically conductive layer is insulated from the electrode and arranged in isolation with respect to the metal housing 10, as shown in FIG. 17.
• the electrically conductive structure GE is preferably larger than the electrode in order to largely prevent a coupling in of the alternating electrical field from the transmitting electrode SE via the metal housing 10 into the receiving electrode EE.
• FIG. 18 shows a solution for detecting a clasping of a handset by a hand, in which two capacitive sensors Sl and S2 provided are.
• the respective sensor electrodes SEI and SE2 are each arranged on a side wall of the electrical hand-held device.
• the output signals of the two capacitive sensors Sl, S2 are logically U D-linked. Thus, it can be evaluated whether both the capacity of the left electrode SEI and the capacity of the right electrode S2 are larger than normal. If this is the case, it can be assumed that the electric hand-held device is gripped by one hand.
• FIG. 19 shows a further embodiment of a detection device according to the invention for an electrical hand-held device.
• two separate transmission electrodes SEI and SE2 are arranged on a side wall of the hand-held device.
• a receiving electrode EE is arranged at the side wall of the handset opposite this side wall.
• a signal generator G1 and G2 each providing a signal of different frequencies, can be provided for each transmission electrode SE1, SE2.
• the transmitting electrodes Sl and S2 are thus each subjected to a signal of different frequencies.
• the alternating electric fields radiated at the transmitting electrodes SEI and SE2, which have a different frequency, are coupled via the hand to the common receiving electrode EE.
• the sensor unit or evaluation device coupled to the receiving electrode can be designed such that it can separate the different frequency components by means of a frequency analysis and can assign them to the corresponding transmitting electrodes. This can also be detected in addition to the detection of whether the handset is covered by a hand, in which area the handset is gripped by a hand.
• a plurality of receiving electrodes may also be provided, preferably a receiving electrode.
• Rode is assigned in each case a transmitting electrode.
• a first transmitting electrode may be disposed on the side wall of the handset and a second transmitting electrode on the top of the handset so that, for example, if the handset is a mobile phone, it may be discriminated whether the mobile phone is from a handset Hand is grasped and whether the mobile phone is held on the ear.
• the electrodes can be arranged on the inside of the housing. Also, the electrodes can be mounted on the outside of the housing, but this is disadvantageous in terms of mechanical stress.
• the electrodes can be realized as a conductive structure, for example in the form of a conductive lacquer layer.
• the handset may be, for example, a mobile phone or a computer mouse, wherein the mobile phone or the computer mouse can be switched from a sleep mode to an active mode and after removing the hand from the active mode in the sleep mode after grasping by a hand.
• FIG. 20 shows by way of example an alternative arrangement of two electrodes on a housing surface.
• a transmitting electrode SE and a receiving electrode EE is arranged on a housing surface 70.
• a further electrode GE is arranged below the electrically non-conductive surface 70, which is coupled to the ground potential of the electrical hand-held device.
• the transmitting electrode SE and the sensor Captive electrode EE may for example be an area of a few mm 2 to a few cm 2 .
• the selection of the actual size of the electrodes SE, EE depends on the available space on the surface of the housing of the electrical hand-held device.
• the sensor electrode SE and the receiving electrode EE can be arranged very close to one another on the electrically non-conductive surface 70. For example, the distance between the transmitting electrode SE and the receiving electrode EE can be one mm to several mm.
• the transmitting electrode SE and the receiving electrode EE are each coupled to a microcontroller .mu.C.
• the microcontroller ⁇ C is designed such that it provides a square-wave signal with which the transmitting electrode SE is applied.
• the square-wave signal preferably has a frequency between 10 and 300 kHz.
• the amplitude of the square wave signal can be a few volts.
• the square-wave signal is voltage-stamped, which means that a capacitive load on the transmitting electrode SE does not affect the signal course.
• the frequency and / or the duty ratio of the rectangular signal can be changed, which can be done, for example, with the aid of the microcontroller .mu.C.
• the transmitting electrode SE can also be supplied with a sinusoidal signal.
• the receiving electrode EE is coupled to the input of a signal amplifier.
• the signal amplifier measures the current which flows in the receiving electrode EE against the ground potential of the electrical handset.
• the electrical quantity at the output of the signal amplifier is a voltage.
• the peak-to-peak value of the relevant signal information at the output of the signal amplifier, which adjusts from the transmitting electrode SE via the receiving electrode EE, is proportional to the changes in the signal at the transmitting electrode SE.
• a signal amplifier for example, a transimpedance amplifier can be provided.
• the signal present at the output of the signal amplifier is supplied to the microcontroller .mu.C, which can measure and evaluate the strength of the relevant signal information.
• an A / D converter can be provided.
• the microcontroller ⁇ C can now make a decision as to which information DS is supplied to a control device controlling the hand-held device.
• the design of the electrodes SE and EE is described in order to achieve the greatest possible sensitivity with respect to an approach of a hand to the electrodes and a best possible insensitivity with respect to electrical and physical disturbances.
• FIG. 21 shows a profile of the field lines between the transmitting electrode SE and the receiving electrode EE in the absence of a hand approaching the electrodes.
• FIG. 22 shows the course of the field lines from the transmitting electrode SE to the receiving electrode EE when the finger approaches the electrodes. It can be seen from FIGS. 21 and 22 that the number of field lines between the transmitting electrode and the receiving electrode EE is greater for an approaching finger or a hand than for a lack of a finger or a hand on the electrodes. It follows that the current flowing in the receiving electrode EE according to FIG. 22 is greater than the current flowing in the receiving electrode EE according to FIG. 21. It also follows that with continuous approach of the finger or the hand to the electrodes, the current flowing in the receiving electrode also increases steadily.
• the sensor devices shown in FIGS. 20 to 22 are to be designed so that the smallest possible absolute change in the current in the receiving electrode EE can be detected.
• the limit for the smallest recognizable or detectable The change is defined by the resolution or the converter depth of the analog-to-digital converter present in the microcontroller .mu.C.
• the current in the receiving electrode EE must already reach the upper acceptable limit without an approach by a hand to the electrodes (see FIG lie.
• the electrode design of the transmitting electrode SE and the receiving electrode EE is therefore to be selected so that a high capacitive basic coupling already exists between the two electrodes without approaching a finger or a hand. Inverse field currents should be avoided if possible.
• the transmission ratio of the voltage at the transmitting electrode SE to the current in the receiving electrode EE can be described by the (complex) conductance (transmittance Gv).
• the transmission ratio of the current at the input of the signal amplifier, i. the current flowing in the receiving electrode EE to the voltage at the output of the signal amplifier can be described with a (complex) resistance (transimpedance Rv).
• the product of the amount of trans-admittance and the amount of transimpedance is not identical for all devices of a product, for example due to environmental influences, deviations can be corrected, for example by varying the frequency of the signal generator.
• the resulting field current can be used as a reference for the calculation or for determining all the desired detection thresholds, since this difference in absolute magnitude carries all the field properties.
• the reduction of the field current can be accomplished by means of a reduction of the voltage at the transmitting electrode SE.
• the duty cycle in the square wave signal can be brought out of its symmetry, which can be done with the microcontroller .mu.C.
• the areas of the transmitting electrode and the receiving electrode can be uniformly distributed to the available surface of the handset, which brings about an effective increase in the measuring sensitivity.
• Figs. 23a to 23c Examples of an arrangement of the transmitting electrode SE and the receiving electrode EE on the surface of a handset are shown with reference to Figs. 23a to 23c.
• Fig. 23a shows a first example of two electrodes arranged on a housing surface of an electric hand-held device.
• the transmitting electrode and the receiving electrode are each configured rectangular here.
• the distance between the transmitting electrode SE and the receiving electrode EE is preferably chosen to be very small.
• the transmitting electrode SE and the receiving electrode EE are each coupled to a sensor electronics S or an evaluation device A.
• FIG. 23b shows a second example of electrodes arranged on a housing surface of an electrical hand-held device.
• the electrodes here have an oval shape, which improves the sensitivity of the proximity detection.
• Fig. 23c shows another example of an electrode arrangement on a housing surface of an electrical hand-held device.
• the transmitting electrode SE and the receiving electrode EE are each configured semicircular here.
• the distance between the transmitting electrode SE and the receiving electrode EE is preferably chosen to be small.
• the sensor electronics S or the evaluation device A is embedded.
• the entire sensor device which includes the transmitting electrode SE, the receiving electrode EE and the sensor electronics S or the evaluation device A, can be arranged on the housing surface of an electrical hand-held device in an advantageous manner.
• the signal transmission of the sensor electronics S or the evaluation device A to the electronics of the electrical handset can be carried out here galvanically or capacitively.
• the capacitive signal transmission has the advantage that no mechanical coupling points must be provided on the Gephaseusoberfikiee.
• FIG. 24a and 24b show two examples of a device according to the invention, each having a receiving electrode and two transmitting electrodes, wherein the transmitting electrodes are operated by a Multip lex method.
• FIG. 24a shows a sensor device according to the invention with a receiving electrode and two transmitting electrodes SEI and SE2.
• the transmitting electrodes SEI and SE2 are operated in the time-division multiplex method, ie the transmitting electrodes SEI and SE2 are temporally successively applied with an alternating signal which is provided by a signal generator.
• the sensor electronics S which is coupled to the receiving electrode EE, can unambiguously assign the current flowing in the receiving electrode EE to a transmitting electrode, since only one transmitting electrode in each case emits an alternating electric field.
• the transmitting electrodes SEI and SE2 are here operated in the frequency division multiplex method, ie the frequency of the alternating signal, with which the transmitting electrode SEI is applied, is different from the frequency of the alternating signal with which the transmitting electrode SE2 is acted upon.
• the frequency fl of the first alternating signal may for example be 10 kHz
• the frequency f2 of the second alternating signal may be, for example, 50 kHz.
• the sensor electronics S which is coupled to the receiving electrode EE, is designed such that it can divide the current flowing in the receiving electrode EE into its frequency components so as to be able to assign the respective currents to the corresponding transmitting electrodes. In a simple embodiment, this can be done, for example, with a fast Fourier transformation.
• the modulation methods shown with reference to FIGS. 24a and 24b can also be realized with more than two transmitting electrodes. It is also possible to provide a transmitting electrode and a plurality of receiving electrodes EE, wherein the currents flowing in the respective receiving electrodes EE are measured or evaluated by means of a suitable multiplexing method, for example a time-division multiplex method. It is also possible to operate a plurality of electrode elements, which each consist of at least one receiving electrode and at least one sensor electrode, in a multiplex method.
• PCB electronic circuit board (Printed Circuit Board)

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• 2009
  • 2009-12-11 DE DE102009057935.4A patent/DE102009057935B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
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