WO2011065418A1

WO2011065418A1 - Hollow-fiber membrane module, water treatment device, membrane separation method, and water treatment method

Info

Publication number: WO2011065418A1
Application number: PCT/JP2010/071009
Authority: WO
Inventors: 弘幸水口; 豊石丸; 弘伸西尾; 明宏田路; 昭博森藤; 一貴高田; 明石山; 克義谷田; 俊通竹山; 昌伸野下; 英樹横山; 晃彦隅
Original assignee: 株式会社神鋼環境ソリューション
Priority date: 2009-11-26
Filing date: 2010-11-25
Publication date: 2011-06-03

Abstract

A hollow-fiber membrane module which has a plurality of hollow fiber membranes extending vertically and which is used in the state of being immersed in water is provided in order to efficiently obtain filtrate water. The hollow-fiber membrane module is characterized by being equipped with an aeration mechanism by which the hollow-fiber membranes can be aerated, an upper water passage chamber which has been formed over the hollow-fiber membranes and communicates with the hollow region inside the hollow-fiber membranes, and a lower water passage chamber which has been formed under the hollow-fiber membranes and communicates with the hollow region inside the hollow-fiber membranes, and by having been configured so that filtrate water which has passed through the hollow-fiber membranes from the outer side to the inner side thereof can be collected via the upper water passage chamber and the lower water passage chamber.

Description

Hollow fiber membrane module, water treatment apparatus, membrane separation method, and water treatment method

The present invention relates to a hollow fiber membrane module, a water treatment device, a membrane separation method, and a water treatment method used for membrane separation. Specifically, for example, water purification treatment of river water, lake water, ground water, seawater, or the like, or The present invention relates to a hollow fiber membrane module, a water treatment apparatus, a membrane separation method, and a water treatment method used for membrane separation treatment of sewage and industrial wastewater.

In the water treatment equipment that treats river water, lake water, groundwater, seawater, etc., or water treatment equipment that treats sewage and industrial wastewater, in recent years, the standing posture has been maintained by extending the hollow fiber membrane vertically in the treated water An external pressure type hollow fiber membrane module that performs membrane separation of water to be treated by sucking the inside of the hollow fiber membrane to obtain permeated water has been used.

Conventionally, a hollow fiber membrane module that sucks permeate from only the upper end side of the hollow fiber membrane has been widely used.

By the way, when sucking from the end of the hollow fiber membrane and allowing water to permeate from the outside to the inside of the hollow fiber membrane, in the vicinity of the end of the hollow fiber membrane where the negative pressure due to this suction tends to act, the unit time Although a large amount of water permeates the membrane, the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the hollow fiber membrane decreases as the distance from the end decreases, so the amount of water that permeates the membrane decreases.
For this reason, the type of collecting water from one side has a problem that it is difficult to effectively act the entire hollow fiber membrane for membrane separation.

In addition, the conventional hollow fiber membrane module is likely to deteriorate the permeation performance of the hollow fiber membrane by adhering to the hollow fiber membrane, such as floating solids or adhesive organic compounds in the treated water. If the permeation performance of the water treatment is lowered, there is a problem that the operation efficiency of the water treatment device is also lowered.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to obtain permeate efficiently.

The present invention has a plurality of hollow fiber membranes extending in the vertical direction, and is a hollow fiber membrane module used by being immersed in water,
An air diffusion mechanism that can diffuse into the hollow fiber membrane, an upper water passage formed above the hollow fiber membrane and communicated with a hollow region inside the hollow fiber membrane, and formed below the hollow fiber membrane A lower water passage communicating with a hollow region inside the hollow fiber membrane, and collects permeated water permeated from the outside to the inside of the hollow fiber membrane through the upper water passage and the lower water passage. The hollow fiber membrane module is characterized by being formed so as to be able to.

Further, the present invention is a water treatment apparatus comprising a plurality of hollow fiber membranes extending in the vertical direction and provided with a hollow fiber membrane module used by being immersed in water,
An air diffusion mechanism in which the hollow fiber membrane module can diffuse into the hollow fiber membrane, an upper water passage formed above the hollow fiber membrane and communicated with a hollow region inside the hollow fiber membrane, and the hollow fiber A lower water passage formed below the membrane and communicating with a hollow region inside the hollow fiber membrane, and is transmitted from the outside to the inside of the hollow fiber membrane through the upper water passage and the lower water passage. The water treatment apparatus is characterized by being formed so as to collect collected permeated water.

Furthermore, the present invention is a water treatment method using a hollow fiber membrane module having a plurality of hollow fiber membranes extending in the vertical direction and being immersed in water,
An air diffusion mechanism in which the hollow fiber membrane module can diffuse into the hollow fiber membrane, an upper water passage formed above the hollow fiber membrane and communicating with a hollow region inside the hollow fiber membrane, and the hollow fiber A lower water passage formed below the membrane and communicated with a hollow region inside the hollow fiber membrane, and is transmitted from the outside to the inside of the hollow fiber membrane through the upper water passage and the lower water passage. The water treatment method is characterized by being formed so as to collect collected permeated water.

Further, the present invention relating to the hollow fiber membrane module is configured so that a plurality of hollow fiber membranes can be immersed in the water to be treated in a state of extending in the vertical direction so that the membrane separation of the water to be treated can be performed. An upper fixing member that fixes the upper end portion of the yarn membrane and a lower fixing member that fixes the lower end portion, and the upper fixing member has a water collection chamber above the fixing portion that fixes the hollow fiber membrane. The lower fixing member has a water collection chamber below a fixing portion for fixing the hollow fiber membrane, and the hollow region inside the hollow fiber membrane is communicated with both the upper and lower water collection chambers. The hollow fiber membrane is further provided with an air diffusion mechanism that generates air bubbles at the lower end side of the hollow fiber membrane. A module, wherein the lower fixing member is located below the water collection chamber A gas passage provided from the gas storage chamber to the upper surface side of the fixed portion, and gas is stored in the gas storage chamber. The air diffusion mechanism is provided in which the gas that has been blown up through the bubble passage and bubbles are generated above the fixed portion.

According to such an invention, in the hollow fiber membrane module capable of collecting water from both the upper and lower sides of the hollow fiber membrane, the air diffusion mechanism for generating air bubbles is provided on the lower end side of the hollow fiber membrane, Compared to the case where bubbles are generated from the tip of the diffuser tube arranged in the direction orthogonal to the direction in which the hollow fiber membrane extends because the bubbles floating from the reservoir to the upper side of the fixed portion are diffused through the bubble passage. Thus, the risk of vigorously vibrating the hollow fiber membrane in the vicinity of the air holes due to the generation of bubbles can be suppressed.

Therefore, according to such an invention, it is possible to provide a hollow fiber membrane module that can collect water from both the upper and lower sides and has a low risk of damage to the hollow fiber membrane.

Furthermore, the present invention according to the water treatment method includes an upper fixing member and a lower end for fixing the upper end portion of the hollow fiber membrane so that the membrane separation can be performed in a state where a plurality of hollow fiber membranes are extended in the vertical direction. And a lower fixing member for fixing the hollow fiber membrane, and the upper fixing member has a water collection chamber above the fixing portion for fixing the hollow fiber membrane and the lower fixing member fixes the hollow fiber membrane. A water collecting chamber is provided below the fixed portion, and the hollow region inside the hollow fiber membrane is communicated with both the upper and lower water collecting chambers so that the permeated water permeated from the outside to the inside of the hollow fiber membrane is The hollow fiber membrane module is formed so that water can be collected from the lower end portion of the hollow fiber membrane, and further provided with an air diffusion mechanism for generating bubbles on the lower end side of the hollow fiber membrane. The permeated water collected in the water collecting chamber and the lower water collecting chamber Membrane separation step of separating the water to be treated by suctioning out of the hollow fiber membrane module, and bubbles are generated by the air diffusion mechanism to remove deposits attached to the surface of the hollow fiber membrane from the surface. And a diffuser step for vibrating the hollow fiber membrane, wherein the lower fixing member includes a gas storage chamber provided below the water collection chamber, and the gas storage chamber from the gas storage chamber. Using a hollow fiber membrane module including a bubble passage that passes through a water chamber and reaches the upper surface side of the fixed portion, the gas is stored in the gas storage chamber, and the stored gas is passed through the bubble passage. It is characterized in that the air bubbles are generated on the upper side of the fixed part by floating and the aeration process is carried out.

According to such an invention, a water treatment method capable of performing efficient membrane separation while suppressing deterioration in water quality can be provided.

Further, the present invention relating to the hollow fiber membrane module is configured so that a plurality of hollow fiber membranes can be immersed in the water to be treated in a state of extending in the vertical direction so that the membrane separation of the water to be treated can be performed. An upper fixing member that fixes the upper end portion of the yarn membrane and a lower fixing member that fixes the lower end portion, and the upper fixing member has a water collection chamber above the fixing portion that fixes the hollow fiber membrane. The lower fixing member has a water collection chamber below a fixing portion for fixing the hollow fiber membrane, and the hollow region inside the hollow fiber membrane is communicated with both the upper and lower water collection chambers. The permeated water permeated from the outside to the inside can be collected from both the upper and lower sides, and further, a diffuser member for generating bubbles on the lower end side of the hollow fiber membrane is provided. A hollow fiber membrane module, wherein the diffuser member is the hollow fiber membrane. It has a hollow body which is arranged on the lower end side and has an air diffusion hole opened on its upper surface side, and gas can be supplied from the tube connected to the hollow body to the hollow body to generate bubbles from the air diffusion hole The air diffusion hole is opened upward on the upper side of the fixing portion of the lower fixing member.

According to such an invention, in the hollow fiber membrane module capable of collecting water from both the upper and lower sides of the hollow fiber membrane, the air diffusion member for generating bubbles is provided on the lower end side of the hollow fiber membrane, and the Since the air diffusion holes are opened upward on the upper side of the fixing portion fixing the lower end portion of the hollow fiber membrane, bubbles are generated from the air diffusion holes provided at the distal end portions of the air diffusion tubes arranged in the lateral direction. Compared to the case, it is possible to suppress the possibility that the hollow fiber membrane in the vicinity of the air diffusion holes is vibrated vigorously due to the generation of bubbles.

That is, according to such an invention, it is possible to provide a hollow fiber membrane module that can collect water from both the upper and lower sides and has a low risk of damaging the hollow fiber membrane.

Furthermore, the present invention according to the water treatment method includes an upper fixing member and a lower end for fixing the upper end portion of the hollow fiber membrane so that the membrane separation can be performed in a state where a plurality of hollow fiber membranes are extended in the vertical direction. And a lower fixing member for fixing the hollow fiber membrane, and the upper fixing member has a water collection chamber above the fixing portion for fixing the hollow fiber membrane and the lower fixing member fixes the hollow fiber membrane. A water collecting chamber is provided below the fixed portion, and the hollow region inside the hollow fiber membrane is communicated with both the upper and lower water collecting chambers so that the permeated water permeated from the outside to the inside of the hollow fiber membrane is In a state where the hollow fiber membrane module is further immersed in the water to be treated, and is further provided with an air diffuser for generating bubbles on the lower end side of the hollow fiber membrane. The water collected in the upper water collecting chamber and the lower water collecting chamber A membrane separation step of membrane-separating the water to be treated by sucking excess water out of the hollow fiber membrane module, and generating air bubbles in the air diffuser to vibrate the hollow fiber membrane. A water treatment method for performing an air diffusion step of removing deposits attached to a surface from the surface, wherein the air diffusion member has a hollow body provided with air diffusion holes, and the air diffusion holes are the lower fixing member. The hollow body is provided so that the hollow body is arranged so as to open upward on the upper side of the fixing portion, and a tube body for supplying gas to the hollow body is connected to the hollow body. The membrane separation step is performed using a membrane module, and in the air diffusion step, the gas is supplied from the tube body to the hollow body, and the supplied gas is generated as bubbles from the air diffusion holes to generate the gas. Removal of deposits It is characterized by carrying out the.

Also, in air scrubbing of hollow fiber membrane modules, damage to the hollow fiber can be suppressed by an air diffusion mechanism in which the tip part does not contact the hollow fiber membrane, and the hollow fiber membrane is effective by generating bubbles flowing in different directions The following invention was completed by finding out that the effect of removing deposits and the effect of suppressing adhesion of suspended solids can be improved by shaking.

That is, the present invention related to the hollow fiber membrane module includes a plurality of hollow fiber membranes extending in the vertical direction, an upper fixing member and a lower fixing member that respectively fix the upper and lower ends of the hollow fiber membrane, A hollow fiber membrane module that is used by immersing in water with an air diffusion mechanism that can diffuse air into the hollow fiber membrane, wherein the air diffusion mechanism is fixed at both ends to the upper fixing member and the lower fixing member. A tubular body extending between the upper fixing member and the lower fixing member, and a diffused hole capable of diffusing gas in the tube to the hollow fiber membrane is formed on a peripheral surface of the tubular body, The upper and lower water collecting portions are provided with an upper water collecting portion and a lower water collecting portion in which upper and lower ends of the hollow fiber membrane are opened and permeated water that has permeated through the hollow fiber membrane is accommodated from the opened end of the hollow fiber membrane. And a derivation mechanism for deriving the permeated water contained in the lower water collection section It is characterized.

According to such an invention, the air diffusion mechanism of the hollow fiber module includes a tubular body that is fixed at both ends to the upper fixing member and the lower fixing member and extends between the upper fixing member and the lower fixing member. Therefore, the tip portions at both ends of the tubular body do not come into contact with the hollow fiber membrane, and damage to the hollow fiber membrane can be suppressed.
In addition, since the air holes that can diffuse into the hollow fiber membrane are formed on the peripheral surface of the tubular body, horizontal air bubbles can flow near the air holes, and further, the air bubbles can flow upward due to buoyancy. Become. Therefore, the flow direction of the bubbles differs depending on where the bubbles come into contact with the hollow fiber membrane, and the hollow fiber membrane can be effectively shaken. The effect can be improved.

Therefore, according to such an invention, while preventing damage to the hollow fiber membrane, and improving the effect of removing adhering matter from the hollow fiber membrane and the effect of suppressing adhesion of suspended matter by effective air scrubbing, the permeation in membrane separation is improved. A decrease in performance can be suppressed.

Further, an upper water collection unit and a subordinate water collection unit are provided above and below the hollow fiber membrane, respectively, in which permeated water that has permeated the hollow fiber membrane from the membrane end portions exposed to the upper fixing member and the lower fixing member is accommodated. In the hollow fiber membrane module in which the derivation mechanism for deriving the permeated water stored in the upper water collection unit and the subordinate water collection unit is formed, when the aeration mechanism as described above is provided, for air scrubbing Since the air diffusion mechanism does not interfere with the water collection from the lower end side, the permeated water can be easily collected from the upper and lower end sides of the hollow fiber membrane, and the permeation efficiency can be further improved.
In addition, when hollow fiber membranes of the same length are used, a comparison is made between a single-end water collection hollow fiber membrane that collects water from one end side and a double-end water collection hollow fiber membrane that collects water from both end sides. The maximum travel distance until the collected water reaches the end where water is collected is shorter in the double-ended water collection hollow fiber membrane, so the permeate resistance of the permeate flowing through the hollow fiber to the water collection end is hollow at both ends. The thread membrane is smaller.
As a result, the both-end water collecting hollow fiber membrane has an advantage that the pump power can be reduced because water can be absorbed at a lower pressure.

Further, when the support member is provided with a support member fixed at both ends to the upper fixing member and the lower fixing member, and the support member is the tubular body, the tubular body can also serve as the support member of the hollow fiber membrane. There is no need to separately provide a member for supporting the hollow fiber membrane.

Further, in the present invention relating to the hollow fiber membrane module, it is preferable that a support member having both end sides fixed to the upper fixing member and the lower fixing member is provided, and the supporting member is the tubular body.

Further, the present invention related to the membrane separation method includes a plurality of hollow fiber membranes extending in the vertical direction, an upper fixing member and a lower fixing member that respectively fix the upper and lower ends of the hollow fiber membrane, and the hollow A membrane separation method using a hollow fiber membrane module that is used by immersing in water with an aeration mechanism capable of diffusing the yarn membrane, wherein the aeration mechanism includes the upper fixing member and the lower fixing member And a tubular body extending between the upper fixing member and the lower fixing member, and gas in the tube is supplied to the hollow fiber membrane from a diffused hole formed in a peripheral surface of the tubular body. The upper and lower ends of the hollow fiber membrane are opened, and the hollow fiber membrane module has an upper water collecting portion in which permeated water that has passed through the hollow fiber membrane is accommodated from the opened end of the hollow fiber membrane; A lower water collecting part was provided, and was accommodated in the upper water collecting part and the lower water collecting part. It is characterized by having a derivation mechanism for deriving a peroxide.

Further, the present invention related to the water treatment apparatus includes a plurality of hollow fiber membranes extending in the vertical direction, an upper fixing member and a lower fixing member that respectively fix the upper and lower ends of the hollow fiber membrane, and the hollow A water treatment apparatus in which a hollow fiber membrane module having an air diffusion mechanism capable of air diffusion is immersed in water to perform membrane separation, wherein the air diffusion mechanism includes the upper fixing member and the lower portion A tubular member having both ends fixed to a fixing member and extending between the upper fixing member and the lower fixing member is provided, and gas in the tube can be diffused to the hollow fiber membrane on the peripheral surface of the tubular body A hollow fiber membrane module in which air diffusion holes are formed is used, the upper and lower ends of the hollow fiber membrane are opened, and the hollow fiber membrane module is transmitted through the hollow fiber membrane from the opened end of the hollow fiber membrane. An upper water collecting portion and a lower water collecting portion in which permeated water is accommodated; and It is characterized by having a derivation mechanism for deriving an upper water collecting portions and permeated water contained in the lower water collecting unit.

Further, the hollow fiber membrane module according to the present invention includes a plurality of hollow fiber membranes extending in the vertical direction, and an upper water passage formed above the hollow fiber membrane and communicating with a hollow region inside the hollow fiber membrane. A lower water passage formed below the hollow fiber membrane and communicated with a hollow region inside the hollow fiber membrane, and a diffuser hole formed so as to generate bubbles on the lower end side of the hollow fiber membrane, A ventilation chamber that is formed below the hollow fiber membrane and supplies gas to the diffuser holes, and is permeated from the outside to the inside of the hollow fiber membrane so as to be immersed in the water to be treated and to perform membrane separation of the water to be treated. A hollow fiber membrane module that is formed to collect permeated water from both above and below via the upper water passage and the lower water passage, and is used in a plurality arranged in parallel,
An upper connecting member that covers the upper water flow chamber and connects the adjacent ones to each other; and a lower connecting member that covers the lower water flow chamber and the ventilation chamber and connects the adjacent ones to each other, When the member and the lower connecting member are connected to each other, the upper water passing chambers, the lower water passing chambers, and the venting chambers are formed to communicate with each other. .

According to the hollow fiber membrane module having the above-described configuration, a plurality of hollow fiber membrane modules including hollow fiber membranes can be connected to each other by the upper connecting member and the lower connecting member. Therefore, a plurality of hollow fiber membrane modules can be arranged at a relatively high density.
In addition, the upper water passage, the lower water passage, and the vent chamber communicate with each other in a state where the hollow fiber membrane modules are connected. Accordingly, the permeated water can be collected from the plurality of modules through the upper water passage and the lower water passage provided in the module, and the air diffuser holes of the plurality of modules through the ventilation chamber provided in the module. Can supply gas. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the necessity of separately providing a means for collecting permeate water or a means for supplying gas, and a module can be further installed as much as the means is not provided.
Thus, the hollow fiber membrane module can perform membrane separation while arranging the hollow fiber membranes at a relatively high density.

Further, the water treatment apparatus according to the present invention includes a plurality of hollow fiber membranes extending in the vertical direction, and an upper water passage chamber formed above the hollow fiber membranes and communicated with a hollow region inside the hollow fiber membranes. A lower water passage formed below the hollow fiber membrane and communicating with a hollow region inside the hollow fiber membrane, a diffuser hole formed to generate bubbles on the lower end side of the hollow fiber membrane, A hollow fiber membrane module that is formed below the hollow fiber membrane and has a ventilation chamber that supplies gas to the air diffusion holes is provided, and the membrane separation of the water to be treated is performed by immersing the hollow fiber membrane module in the water to be treated. A plurality of hollow fibers configured to collect permeated water permeated from the outside to the inside of the hollow fiber membrane through the upper water passage and the lower water passage from both the upper and lower sides of the hollow fiber membrane module. Water treatment equipment with membrane modules arranged in parallel The hollow fiber membrane module covers the upper water passing chamber and connects the adjacent ones to each other, and the upper connecting member that connects the adjacent ones to the lower water passing chamber and the venting chamber. A lower connecting member, and in a state where the upper connecting member and the lower connecting member are connected to each other, the upper water passing chambers, the lower water passing chambers, and the venting chambers communicate with each other. It is formed as follows.

Furthermore, the water treatment method according to the present invention includes a plurality of hollow fiber membranes extending in the vertical direction, and an upper water flow chamber formed above the hollow fiber membrane and communicating with a hollow region inside the hollow fiber membrane. A lower water passage formed below the hollow fiber membrane and communicating with a hollow region inside the hollow fiber membrane, a diffuser hole formed to generate bubbles on the lower end side of the hollow fiber membrane, A plurality of hollow fiber membrane modules formed below the hollow fiber membrane and provided with a ventilation chamber for supplying gas to the air diffusion holes are arranged in parallel and immersed in the water to be treated, from the outside to the inside of the hollow fiber membrane. A water treatment method for collecting permeated water permeated into the hollow fiber membrane module from both the upper and lower sides of the hollow fiber membrane module through the upper water passage and the lower water passage, and performing membrane separation of water to be treated, Upper connecting member that covers the upper water flow chamber and connects adjacent ones to each other The hollow fiber membrane module further comprising a lower connecting member that covers the lower water passage and the vent chamber and that connects adjacent ones to each other is connected to each other by the upper connecting member and the lower connecting member. The membrane separation is performed in a state in which the upper water flow chambers, the lower water flow chambers, and the ventilation chambers are in communication with each other.

As described above, according to the present invention, permeate can be obtained efficiently.

(A) The longitudinal direction sectional view showing the composition of a 1st embodiment of the hollow fiber membrane module of the present invention. (B) Enlarged view of broken line X part. (C) Broken line Y part enlarged view. (C ′) A modification example of the broken line Y part. FIG. 2 is a top view of the fixing portion of the upper fixing member in the same embodiment (a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 1). FIG. 3 is a top view of the fixing portion of the lower fixing member in the same embodiment (a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. 1). A bottom view of the fixing portion of the lower fixing member in the same embodiment (cross-sectional view taken along line CC in FIG. 1) The apparatus structure schematic diagram for demonstrating the water treatment method. FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a configuration of a second to first embodiment of a hollow fiber membrane module of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a top view of the fixing portion of the upper fixing member in the same embodiment (a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 6). FIG. 7 is a top view of the fixing portion of the lower fixing member in the same embodiment (sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. 6). The longitudinal direction sectional view (A) and the lateral direction sectional view (B) showing a mode in which the hollow body is changed in the same embodiment. The longitudinal direction sectional view (A) and the lateral direction sectional view (B) showing a mode in which the hollow body is changed in the same embodiment. FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view (A), a transverse sectional view (B), and a modified example (A ′: longitudinal sectional view) showing a hollow fiber membrane module according to a 2-2 embodiment. Longitudinal sectional view (A), lateral sectional view (B), and one modified example (A ′: longitudinal sectional view, B ′: lateral sectional view) showing the hollow fiber membrane module of the 2-3 embodiment ). The apparatus structure schematic diagram for demonstrating the water treatment method. The partial cross section figure which shows the structure of 3rd Embodiment of the hollow fiber membrane module of this invention. The top view which shows the upper surface of the hollow fiber membrane module in FIG. Sectional drawing which shows the attachment structure of the upper fixing member in FIG. (A) Sectional drawing which shows an example of the structure of the vicinity of a permeated water outlet, (b) Sectional drawing which shows another example of the structure of the vicinity of a permeated water outlet. Sectional drawing which shows the attachment structure of the lower fixing member in FIG. Sectional drawing which shows the attachment structure of the tubular body in FIG. The top view which shows the aeration state of a bubble. Sectional drawing which shows another example of the attachment structure of a tubular body. Sectional drawing which shows another example of the attachment structure of a tubular body. Structure explanatory drawing which shows one Embodiment of the water treatment apparatus of this invention. The longitudinal cross-sectional view of the hollow fiber membrane module of 4th-1 embodiment. The figure which expanded a part in the longitudinal cross-sectional view of the hollow fiber membrane module of 4th-1 embodiment. The cross-sectional view of the hollow fiber membrane module of 4th-1 embodiment. The cross-sectional view of the hollow fiber membrane module of 4-2 embodiment. The longitudinal cross-sectional view of the hollow fiber membrane module of 4th-3 embodiment. The cross-sectional view of the hollow fiber membrane module of the 4-3 embodiment. The schematic diagram showing the outline | summary of embodiment of a water treatment apparatus. The plane schematic diagram of an embodiment of a water treatment equipment. The perspective view of the reference form of a water treatment apparatus.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

1st Embodiment First, the hollow fiber membrane module and water treatment method of 1st Embodiment are demonstrated.

By the way, conventionally, membrane separation of water to be treated is performed by immersing the hollow fiber membrane in a standing posture in which the hollow fiber membrane extends in the vertical direction and sucking the inside of the hollow fiber membrane into the water to be treated containing suspended substances. An external pressure type hollow fiber membrane module is used to obtain permeated water by performing the above.

And this conventional hollow fiber membrane module is easy to reduce the permeation performance of the hollow fiber membrane due to floating solids or adhesive organic compounds in the water to be treated. Since this leads to an increase in load, conventionally, a method for suppressing the decrease in transmission performance has been widely studied.

For example, in a hollow fiber membrane module of a type in which the hollow fiber membrane is extended in the vertical direction to perform membrane separation, the hollow fiber membrane is vibrated by performing aeration on the lower end side of the hollow fiber membrane to It is known that a method called air scrubbing that removes deposits is effective in preventing deterioration in permeation performance.

By the way, as this type of hollow fiber membrane module, a type of sucking permeate from only the upper end side of the hollow fiber membrane has been widely used. However, JP 2006-305443 A (Patent Document 1). In recent years, the use of a hollow fiber membrane module of the type that sucks permeate from both the upper and lower sides of the hollow fiber membrane has been studied.
When sucking from the end of the hollow fiber membrane and allowing water to permeate from the outside to the inside of the hollow fiber membrane, a large amount of the negative pressure due to this suction tends to act near the end of the hollow fiber membrane per unit time. Although water will permeate the membrane, the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the hollow fiber membrane decreases as the distance from the end decreases, so the amount of water permeating the membrane decreases.
For this reason, it is difficult for the type that collects water from one side to effectively act on the entire hollow fiber membrane for membrane separation, but the hollow fiber membrane module that sucks (collects water) from both the top and bottom It is easy to make effective use of the membrane, and it is possible to carry out compact and efficient membrane separation.

The hollow fiber membrane module described in Patent Document 1 has an air diffuser inserted into a bundle of hollow fiber membranes from the lateral direction perpendicular to the vertical direction in which the hollow fiber membrane extends, and the air diffuser at the tip thereof. From this, bubbles are generated to remove deposits on the surface of the hollow fiber membrane.
However, when air is diffused with such a diffuser, the hollow fiber membrane in the vicinity of the diffuser in front of the diffuser is vibrated vigorously by the release of bubbles from the diffuser provided at the tip of the diffuser. Therefore, it may collide with the tip of the air diffuser and be damaged by, for example, an edge portion of the air diffuser.
And when a hollow fiber membrane is damaged, to-be-processed water will mix in permeated water and will cause the water quality fall of permeated water.

For this reason, the conventional hollow fiber membrane module and the water treatment method using the conventional hollow fiber membrane module have a problem that it is difficult to perform efficient membrane separation while suppressing deterioration of water quality. Have.

The first embodiment provides a hollow fiber membrane module that is capable of collecting water from both the upper and lower sides but has a low risk of damaging the hollow fiber membrane, and as a result, performs efficient membrane separation while suppressing water quality deterioration. It aims at providing the water treatment method which can be implemented.

(A) of FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows a mode that the hollow fiber membrane module which concerns on embodiment of this invention was made to stand up like the time of use, (b) is the broken line X of (a). (C) is an enlarged view of a region surrounded by a broken line Y in (a).
2 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross section (cross section) of the hollow fiber membrane module taken along line AA in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a cross section of the hollow fiber membrane module taken along line BB in FIG. FIG.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the hollow fiber membrane module taken along the line CC of FIG.

The hollow fiber membrane module 10 of the first embodiment has an appearance of a vertically long cylindrical shape as shown in this figure, and a plurality of hollow fiber membranes 11 are arranged in parallel in the middle in the vertical direction. Exposed.
The hollow fiber membrane module 10 of the first embodiment is arranged in a vertical direction in a state where a plurality of hollow fiber membranes 11 are aligned, and one end portion of both ends of the hollow fiber membrane 11 is set upward. The fixing member (hereinafter also referred to as “upper fixing member 20”) and the fixing member (hereinafter also referred to as “lower fixing member 30”) for fixing the other end on the lower side are used. A plurality of hollow fiber membranes 11 are fixed.
And the hollow fiber membrane module 10 of 1st Embodiment further has an aeration mechanism which generates a bubble in the lower end part side of the hollow fiber membrane 11. FIG.

Further, the hollow fiber membrane module 10 in the first embodiment extends in the vertical direction at a position outside the region where the hollow fiber membrane 11 is disposed, and is connected to the upper fixing member 20 and the lower fixing member 30. It has a hook-like support member S that fixes both ends and supports them with a predetermined distance therebetween.
A pair of support members S provided on the left and right sides of the area where the hollow fiber membrane 11 is disposed are tubular and are provided in the hollow fiber membrane module 10 in a state where the upper and lower water collecting chambers are communicated with each other. Yes.

The upper fixing member 20 has a plate-like body 21 (hereinafter also referred to as “upper plate-like body 21”) arranged substantially horizontally on the lower side thereof, and the plate-like body 21 is thick due to the polymer composition. It is formed in a disk shape.
The upper fixing member 20 is provided with a cap material 22 that covers the plate-like body 21 from above, and the cap material 22 includes a top surface portion 22c having substantially the same shape as the contour shape of the plate-like body 21 and the top surface portion 22c. And a peripheral wall portion 22w depending from the outer edge of the top surface portion 22c.
The cap member 22 has an opening 22d in the top surface portion 22c, and the top surface portion 22c is spaced apart from the upper surface 21a of the plate-like body 21 by a certain distance and is formed inside the peripheral wall portion 22w. A space 20 a that communicates with the outside only through the opening 22 d is formed between the plate 21 and the peripheral surface 21 w of the plate 21 so as to be in close contact with the plate 21.

The plate-like body 21 has an upper end portion of the hollow fiber membrane 11 embedded and fixed by the polymer composition, and is provided to constitute a fixing portion for fixing the hollow fiber membrane 11 in the upper fixing member 20. It is a thing.
More specifically, the plate-like body 21 has a cylindrical shape having an inner diameter that is slightly larger than the thickness of the hollow fiber membranes 11 in a state where all the hollow fiber membranes 11 are bundled together. A cylindrical cured body obtained by inserting an end of the hollow fiber membrane 11 into a container and filling and solidifying the curable liquid polymer in the container is formed at a portion inside the end of the hollow fiber membrane 11. The hollow fiber membrane 11 is formed into a disk shape by cutting the entire hollow fiber membrane 11 in a direction substantially orthogonal to the extending direction of the hollow fiber membrane 11.

Therefore, the hollow fiber membrane 11 is fixed to the plate-like body 21 by being embedded in the polymer composition so as to penetrate the plate-like body 21 upward from below and open at the upper surface 21a of the plate-like body 21. In the region where the hollow fiber membrane 11 is fixed, the hollow fiber membrane 11 has a polymer part 21r filled with a polymer composition.
The space portion 20a having the upper surface 21a of the plate-like body 21 as the bottom surface and the upper side thereof covered with the cap material 22 is a water collection chamber (hereinafter referred to as a collection chamber) in which permeated water permeated from the outside to the inside of the hollow fiber membrane 11 is collected. The upper fixing member 20 is provided to function as an “upper water collecting chamber 20a”.
The tubular support member S is also fixed with its upper end embedded in the plate-like body 21 and opened on the upper surface 21 a of the plate-like body 21.

Whereas the upper fixing member 20 is configured as described above, the lower fixing member 30 is common in that it has a plate-like body 31 similar to the upper fixing member 20.
That is, the plate-like body 31 (hereinafter also referred to as “lower plate-like body 31”) constituting the fixing portion for fixing the hollow fiber membrane 11 in the lower fixing member 30 is a plate-like shape provided in the upper fixing member 20. Similarly to the body 21 (hereinafter also referred to as “upper plate-like body 21”), it is formed by curing a curable liquid polymer, and the lower end portion of the hollow fiber membrane 11 and the support member S is the lower plate-like body 31. The lower fixing member 30 is provided so as to penetrate from the upper surface side to the lower surface side and open on the lower surface side.

However, the lower plate-like body 31 is different in that one or more through holes (four positions in the figure) are provided through the lower plate 31 in the thickness direction (vertical direction). It is provided as a diffused hole AO that opens to the upper surface 31a of the body 31 and discharges bubbles upward from the opening.
Further, the lower plate-like body 31 is different from the upper plate-like body 21 in that an overhanging portion 31f having a flange-like structure is provided on the upper side in the thickness direction.
The projecting portion 31f has a tapered surface in which the upper surface side is gently lowered toward the outside, and the lower surface side is projected outward at a substantially right angle to the peripheral wall portion 31w on the lower side of the lower plate-like body 31. And is provided on the lower plate-like body 31.

Further, in the lower fixing member 30, instead of the cap material 22 of the upper fixing member 20, a water collecting chamber 30a similar to the upper water collecting chamber 20a is formed in the lower fixing member 30, and the lower fixing member 30 A cylindrical member 33 is provided below the side water collection chamber 30a (hereinafter also referred to as “lower water collection chamber 30a”) to define a gas storage chamber 30b that stores the gas released from the air diffuser AO. This is also different from the upper fixing member 20.

The cylindrical member 33 includes a cylindrical peripheral side wall 33w having an inner diameter substantially the same as the diameter of the lower peripheral wall portion 31w of the lower plate-shaped body 31, and a partition wall 33p that vertically divides the interior of the peripheral side wall 33w. The partition wall 33p is provided with a through-hole (aeration hole AO) of the lower plate 31 when the tubular member 33 is externally fitted to the lower plate 31 from below. A projecting portion 33n that protrudes upward at a position that is the same position as that of the projecting position and that has a tip smaller in diameter than the through hole and a base end larger in diameter than the through hole is provided.

The tubular member 33 is brought into contact with the air diffuser hole AO of the lower plate-shaped body 31 from the lower side with the projecting portion 33n provided at a position corresponding to the air diffused hole AO. By fitting the tubular member 33 outwardly, the partition wall 33p is separated from the lower surface 31b of the lower plate-shaped body 31 to form a space portion surrounded by the peripheral side wall 33w, and the space portion is gathered on the lower side. A water chamber 30a is formed below the partition wall 33p, the partition wall 33p is a ceiling wall, and a space surrounded by the peripheral side wall 33w is defined as the gas storage chamber 30b.

The projecting portion 33n is formed with a through hole 33h penetrating vertically. One end of the through hole 33h opens at the upper end of the projecting portion, and the other end opens at the lower surface of the partition wall 33p. Yes.
That is, the lower fixing member 30 according to the first embodiment is configured such that the cylindrical member 33 is inserted into the lower plate-like body in a state where the distal end portion of the projecting portion 33n is inserted into the air diffusion hole AO of the lower plate-like body 31 from below. When the outer fitting portion 31 is fitted, the through hole 33h formed in the projecting portion 33n and the diffuser hole AO of the lower plate-like body 31 pass through the lower water collection chamber 30a from the gas storage chamber 30b. A bubble passage 33x extending to the upper surface side of the lower plate-like body 31 forming the fixing portion in the lower fixing member 30 is formed.

With respect to the through hole 33h, by reducing the opening area and increasing the flow velocity of the air passing through the through hole 33h, it is possible to release the bubbles upwards vigorously and obtain a high adhering matter removing effect. Can do.
On the other hand, if the opening area of the through-hole 33h is reduced, the through-hole 33h may be clogged while the aeration is stopped.
In this respect, the through hole 33h is preferably formed so that the opening area per one of the through holes 33h is 0.5 to 5 cm ^2. Specifically, the through hole 33h has a circular opening shape. In this case, it is preferable that the diameter is 8 to 25 mm.

With respect to the method of forming the bubble passage 33x, a modified example shown in FIG. 1C 'can also be adopted.
That is, in the above, the air diffusion hole AO having a uniform inner diameter from the upper surface side to the lower surface side of the lower plate-like body 31 is illustrated, but in this modified example, a part of the lower surface side has a diameter compared to the upper surface side. It's great. In this modified example, a step portion is formed between the large-diameter portion LD below and the small-diameter portion SD above the lower-diameter portion LD, and the tip of the protruding portion is brought into contact with the lower surface 31b1 of the step portion.
In this modified example, the projecting portion 33n ′ is also a cylindrical shape having an outer diameter slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the large diameter portion LD of the air diffusion hole AO ′ and larger than the inner diameter of the small diameter portion SD. In the point which is formed in this, it is different from the protrusion 33n of the shape which narrows upward in the above example.

Further, the protrusion 33n ′ in this modification is formed such that the protrusion height from the upper surface of the partition wall 33p is longer than the length of the section in which the large diameter portion LD is formed, and the protrusion 33n ′. Is inserted into the air diffusion hole AO (large-diameter portion LD) from below, and when the tip is brought into contact with the lower surface 31b1 of the stepped portion, the lower surface 31b of the plate-like body 31 and the partition wall 33p Are separated from each other so that the water collecting chamber 30a can be formed.
Furthermore, the protrusion 33n ′ in this modified example has an inner diameter that is substantially the same as the inner diameter of the small-diameter portion SD of the air diffusion hole AO ′, and the tip portion is brought into contact with the lower surface 31b1 of the step portion. At this time, the small diameter portion SD of the air diffusion hole AO and the through hole 33h of the protruding portion 33n ′ are continuous to form a bubble passage 33x having a substantially uniform inner diameter.
In such a modified example, as shown in the figure, an annular groove is formed at a position where the tip of the projecting portion 33n ′ abuts on the lower surface 31b1 of the stepped portion, and the sealing material 31s ′ accommodated in this groove. Thus, airtightness (watertightness) may be imparted to the bubble passage 33x.

The peripheral side wall 33 w has an upper inner diameter that is substantially the same as the outer diameter of the lower portion of the lower plate-shaped body 31, and corresponds to the lower surface of the overhanging portion 31 f of the lower plate-shaped body 31. A flange portion 33w1 having a large upper surface is formed at the upper end portion.
The flange portion 33w1 has a shape that is substantially symmetric with respect to the projecting portion 31f of the lower plate-like body 31 and a horizontal plane, and the lower surface side faces outward while the upper surface is a horizontal plane. It has a tapered surface that gently rises (thickness gradually decreases outward).
Moreover, the flange portion 33w1 protrudes outward with a width such that the position of the outer edge is substantially the same position as the outer edge of the overhang portion 31f.

The tubular member 33 has a height from the partition wall 33p to the flange portion 33w1 when the tubular member 33 is externally fitted to the lower plate 31 from the lower side. And the height at which the outer peripheral surface of the projecting portion 33n can be brought into contact with the opening edge on the lower surface side of the air diffusion hole AO via the seal member 31s immediately before contacting the lower surface of the protruding portion 31f of the lower plate-like body 31. It is formed to become.

The cylindrical member 33 and the lower plate-like body 31 are formed by lowering the screw hole formed in the central portion of the lower surface 31b of the lower plate-like body 31 and the central portion of the partition wall 33p of the cylindrical member 33. A nut provided in a state penetrating from the side is screwed, and a certain amount of pressure acts on the seal member 31s sandwiched between the projecting portion 33n and the opening edge on the lower surface side of the air diffusion hole AO. Until then, the nut is tightened and fixed to each other.
Furthermore, the tubular member 33 and the lower plate-like body 31 are opposed to each other with a protruding portion 31f of the lower plate-like body 31 and a flange portion of the tubular member 33 facing each other while being fixed by the nut. 33w1 is surrounded by a clamp CL from the outside and fixed to the other side.

The sealing member 31s is made of an elastic member formed in an annular shape and has an L-shaped cross section.
The seal member 31s is configured such that a portion corresponding to the “L” -shaped vertical bar is brought into contact with the lower inner peripheral surface of the air diffuser hole AO, and a portion corresponding to the “L” -shaped horizontal bar is formed on the lower plate-like body. 31 is formed so as to be attached to the opening on the lower surface side of the air diffuser hole AO in a state of being in contact with the lower surface 31b of 31 and is sandwiched between the lower plate-like body 31 and the protruding portion 33n. It is provided to give airtightness (watertightness) to the bubble passage 33x.

In addition, seal members are attached to the outer peripheral portion of the lower plate-like body 31 at two locations among the locations that come into contact with the peripheral side wall 33w when the tubular member 33 is externally fitted. Airtightness (watertightness) at the contact point is given.
Specifically, grooves that are continuous in the circumferential direction are formed on the lower surface of the overhanging portion 31f, and grooves that are continuous in the circumferential direction are also formed on the outer peripheral surface on the lower side of the lower plate-like body 31. A rubber O-ring 30r is mounted as the seal member. Particularly, the O-ring 30r mounted on the lower surface of the overhang portion 31f is tightened in the direction in which the clamp CL shortens the circumferential length thereof. When the force by tightening is converted into the pressure between the inner surface and the taper surface of the overhanging portion 31f and the pressure between the taper surface of the flange portion 33w1, the pressure is arranged at a position where this pressure acts. Therefore, excellent sealing performance is exhibited.

The O-ring 30r and the L-shaped seal member 33s disposed between the projecting portion 33n and the lower plate-like body 31 are permeated through the hollow fiber membrane 11 like the upper water collection chamber 20a. A lower catchment chamber 30a capable of collecting water is formed, and treated water or the like enters the lower catchment chamber 30a from the outside, or permeate leaks from the lower catchment chamber 30a to the outside. Will be suppressed.
Further, a portion corresponding to the top surface of the lower water collecting chamber 30a is constituted by the lower surface 31b of the lower plate-like body 31, and the support member S is opened.
That is, the upper water collection chamber 20a and the lower water collection chamber 30a are provided in the hollow fiber membrane module 10 in a state of being communicated by the support member S.

The hollow fiber membrane module 10 of 1st Embodiment makes the lower fixing member 30 form the water collection chamber 30a and the gas storage chamber 30b simply by combining the said cylindrical member 33 and the said lower plate-shaped body 31. FIG. In addition, the permeated water is permeated from the outside to the inside of the hollow fiber membrane 11 by sucking the inside of the upper water collecting chamber 20a from the opening 22d formed in the cap material 22 of the upper water collecting chamber 20a. Water can be collected at once in both the upper and lower

water collecting chambers

20a and 30a.
Moreover, the hollow fiber membrane module 10 of 1st Embodiment introduce | transduces a bubble upward from the diffuser hole AO opened to the upper surface 31a of the lower plate-shaped body 31 only by introduce | transducing gas, such as air, into the said gas storage chamber 30b. Since it has an aeration mechanism that can be generated, it is possible to vibrate the hollow fiber membrane 11 by the striking force of the bubbles and the water flow accompanying the rising of the bubbles, thereby removing the deposits.

More specifically, when the hollow fiber membrane module 10 of the first embodiment is immersed in the water to be treated and the inside of the upper water collection chamber 20a is sucked from the opening 22d by a suction pump or the like, the hollow fiber Permeated water permeates through the hollow fiber membrane 11 by the water pressure applied to the membrane 11 and the negative pressure by the suction pump.
That is, suspended substances contained in the water to be treated are mainly captured on the surface of the hollow fiber membrane 11, and the purified permeate is permeated into the hollow fiber membrane 11 and collected in the water collection chamber. become.
In the hollow fiber membrane module 10 according to the first embodiment, since the upper water collection chamber 20a and the lower water collection chamber 30a are sufficiently sealed, the permeated water having high cleanliness and low possibility of being mixed with water to be treated. Obtainable.

Further, since the upper water collecting chamber 20a and the lower water collecting chamber 30a are communicated with each other by the support member S, the negative pressure by the suction pump also acts on the lower water collecting chamber 30a side, so that both upper and lower water collecting chambers are collected. Water is collected at once in the

water chambers

20a and 30a, and membrane separation of the water to be treated can be carried out efficiently.

And since the location corresponding to the top | upper surface is formed by the lower surface of the said partition wall 33p, the said gas storage chamber 30b is air from the air supply pipe | tube 40p etc. which distribute | arranged the edge part under this gas storage chamber 30b. The gas is introduced into the gas storage chamber 30b by the buoyancy of the gas.
That is, the gas introduced into the gas storage chamber 30b floats in the bubble passage 33x formed by the through-hole 33h provided at a location corresponding to the projecting portion 33n and the diffuser hole AO of the lower plate-like body 31. Then, the bubbles are discharged upward from the opening of the air diffusion hole AO on the upper surface side of the lower plate-like body 31.
As a result, the hollow fiber membrane 11 fixed around the air diffusion hole AO is vibrated by the striking force due to the collision of the bubbles AB or the water flow accompanying the rising of the bubbles, and the suspension adhered to the surface by membrane separation. Deposits such as substances are dropped off and removed.

In the first embodiment, the air diffusion holes AO opening upward are formed on the upper surface 31 a of the plate-like body 31 of the lower fixing member 30 as described above, and the conventional hollow fiber is formed on the upper surface side of the lower plate-like body 31. Since a member for air diffusion such as an air diffuser tube in the module is not provided, there is a possibility that the hollow fiber membrane 11 may be damaged when the deposits on the hollow fiber membrane 11 are removed. It is reduced as compared with the membrane module, and it is possible to suppress the deterioration of water quality due to the scratch of the hollow fiber membrane.

This will be described in more detail. In the conventional hollow fiber membrane module, an air diffuser is inserted so as to sew the hollow fiber membrane from the horizontal direction perpendicular to the vertical direction in which the hollow fiber membrane extends, Since the air bubbles are generated from the air diffuser provided at the tip of the air diffuser, the hollow fiber membrane located in front of the air diffuser is greatly vibrated by the air bubbles emitted from the side, and the air diffuser is formed at the tip of the air diffuser. There is a possibility of collision.
On the other hand, the hollow fiber membrane module in 1st Embodiment is not provided with the member which collides in the first place.
Even if the hollow fiber membrane 11 collides with the support member S or the like, since the support member S is provided in parallel with the hollow fiber membrane 11, the impact caused by the collision is suppressed from being concentrated locally. There is a low possibility that the hollow fiber membrane is damaged as compared with the case where the hollow fiber membrane module is arranged in a state orthogonal to the hollow fiber membrane, such as the air diffuser.
In the hollow fiber membrane module 10 illustrated in the figure, the support member S is illustrated as being installed in an accumulation portion where the hollow fiber membranes 11 are accumulated. However, the support member S and the hollow fiber membrane 11 are illustrated. In order to further suppress the contact with the support member S, it is possible to dispose the support member S at the outer edge of the region where the hollow fiber membranes 11 are accumulated or at a position further away from the outer edge.

Further, in the first embodiment, since air bubbles are generated in the direction in which the hollow fiber membrane 11 extends by natural buoyancy, the air is forced in the direction orthogonal to the direction in which the hollow fiber membrane extends from the air diffuser. Soft vibration can be given to the hollow fiber membrane as compared with the conventional hollow fiber membrane module in which gas is jetted.
From this, it can be said that the hollow fiber membrane module of the first embodiment can reduce the damage given to the hollow fiber membrane 11.

In the first embodiment, a hollow fiber membrane module having the above-described effects can be easily produced by using the tubular member 33 as a constituent member. The cylindrical member 33 is not necessarily required from the viewpoint that the lower fixing member 30 is formed from the gas storage chamber 30b provided below the lower water collection chamber 30a and the gas storage chamber 30b. A bubble passage 33x that passes through the lower water collection chamber 30a and reaches the upper surface side of the fixing portion (lower plate-like body 31) to which the hollow fiber membrane 11 is fixed, and gas is supplied to the gas storage chamber 30b. If the mechanism (air diffusion mechanism) that the stored gas floats up through the bubble passage 33x and bubbles are generated on the upper side of the fixed portion is provided, the above effects are obtained. It is obtained.

In the first embodiment, the hollow fiber membrane module 10 is formed so that the upper and lower

water collection chambers

20a, 30a are communicated with each other by the support member S and the permeated water can be discharged only from the upper water collection chamber 20a side. However, instead of providing the opening 22d in the cap member 22 on the upper side, an opening is provided at a position above the partition wall 33p of the peripheral side wall 33w of the tubular member 33 to provide a lower water collecting chamber. Permeated water may be discharged only from the side of 30a. It is also possible to provide openings on both the upper and lower sides to discharge the permeated water from both the upper and lower sides.
In that case, the support member S need not be tubular, and a solid housing may be employed as the support member.
Further, in that the manufacturing of the hollow fiber membrane module can be facilitated by omitting the number of parts, it is preferable to employ the support member S as a member that communicates the upper and lower

water collection chambers

20a, 30a. Alternatively, the upper and lower

water collecting chambers

20a and 30a can be communicated with each other by using a tubular body.
Furthermore, a conventionally well-known member can be employed in the hollow fiber membrane module of the present invention as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired as a constituent member of the hollow fiber membrane module.
For example, in the first embodiment, a hollow cylindrical hollow fiber membrane module is exemplified, but the hollow fiber membrane module of the present invention is a shape in which hollow fiber membranes are integrated, upper and lower fixing members, The opening shape and the like of the air holes provided in the lower fixing member are not limited to those illustrated above, and various modifications can be made.

In addition, the hollow fiber membrane module of this invention can be used suitably for the following water treatments.
FIG. 5 is an apparatus schematic diagram for explaining this water treatment method, and is a view showing an embodiment of a water treatment apparatus using the hollow fiber membrane module 10 according to the first embodiment.

In the first embodiment, the water treatment device 60 is configured to obtain a permeated water that can be supplied as clean water by membrane separation of water to be treated containing suspended solids.
As shown in FIG. 5, the water treatment apparatus 60 includes a water tank 62 to be treated, to which water to be treated is supplied from a water supply line 61 to be treated.
Moreover, in the water treatment apparatus 60 of 1st Embodiment, the several hollow fiber membrane module 10 arrange | positioned by being immersed in the to-be-processed water in this to-be-treated water tank 62 in the standing posture, and these hollow fiber membrane modules 10 A permeated water take-out line 63 for taking out permeated water by performing solid-liquid separation by membrane filtration of the water to be treated by suctioning the inside of the hollow fiber membrane with the suction pump 63a. A membrane separation device having
Furthermore, in the water treatment device 60 of the first embodiment, an air supply source 64a for carrying out air scrubbing by the air diffusion mechanism of the hollow fiber membrane module 10, and air supplied from the air supply source 64a to the air supply pipe An air supply line 64 for supplying air to the gas storage chamber 30b through 40p (see FIG. 1 and the like) and a precipitate discharge line 65 for discharging the precipitate in the water tank 62 to be treated are provided.

Moreover, the permeated water extraction line 63 in the water treatment apparatus of FIG. 5 includes a water collection pipe 63b connected to the opening 22s of the cap material 22 at the top of each hollow fiber membrane module 10, and a water collection header pipe communicating with each water collection pipe 63b. 63c and a permeate take-out pipe 63d.
The air supply line 64 includes an air supply source 64a, an air transport pipe 64b for supplying air pressurized by the air supply source 64a, an air transport branch pipe 64d branched from the air transport pipe 64b, Each air transport branch pipe 64d has a tip portion connected to the air supply pipe 40p.
In addition, each hollow fiber membrane module 10 is installed in the water treatment apparatus in a state in which the upper fixing member 20 is immersed entirely below the water surface.

In the water treatment method using the water treatment device 60 configured as described above, the suction pump 63a sucks the upper water collection chamber 20a, and the upper water collection chamber 20a and the support member S communicate with each other. The lower water collection chamber 30a is brought into a negative pressure state, whereby permeate is permeated from the outside to the inside of the hollow fiber membrane 11, and water is collected from both above and below.
Then, by continuing the suction by the suction pump 63a, the permeated water is discharged from the hollow fiber membrane module, and the membrane separation of the water to be treated by the hollow fiber membrane 11 is continued.

In such a process (membrane separation process), suspended substances contained in the water to be treated are mainly captured on the surface of the hollow fiber membrane 11, and clean water permeates inside the hollow fiber membrane. Permeated as water.
And the suspended substance adhering to the surface of the hollow fiber membrane 11 becomes a factor which reduces the permeability | transmittance of the hollow fiber membrane 11, and becomes a factor which increases the power load of the suction pump 63a.
Therefore, in order to reduce the efficiency of the membrane separation step, it is preferable to remove the deposits attached to the surface of the hollow fiber membrane 11.

In the first embodiment, since the hollow fiber membrane module 10 having the air diffusion mechanism as described above is employed in the water treatment apparatus, the air diffusion step of generating bubbles with the air diffusion mechanism is performed to Deposits can be removed.
That is, air is supplied from the air supply source 64a to the gas storage chamber 30b through the air transport pipe 64b, the air transport branch pipe 64d, and the air supply pipe 50, and above the fixed portion that fixes the lower end of the hollow fiber membrane 11. Bubbles are generated upward from the provided air diffusion holes AO, and the hollow fiber membrane 11 is vibrated to remove the deposits.
In addition, if necessary at this time, contrary to the suction by the suction pump 63a, the

water collection chambers

20a and 30a are pressurized to perform reverse cleaning that allows permeate to permeate from the inside to the outside of the hollow fiber membrane 11. Also good.

In this air diffusion process, as described above, the hollow fiber membrane 11 disposed in the vicinity of the air diffusion hole AO vibrates excessively by releasing the bubbles in the extending direction of the hollow fiber membrane 11. The deposits are removed while the occurrence of damage to the hollow fiber membrane 11 is suppressed.
Therefore, it is possible to implement an efficient water treatment method while suppressing the possibility that the quality of the permeated water is deteriorated.
This can provide a water treatment method particularly suitable for clean water treatment, which is demanding for water quality.
The water treatment method of the first embodiment is not limited to the case where the permeated water is taken out in a usable state as clean water, and can be widely applied to general water treatment.

Second Embodiment Next, a hollow fiber membrane module and a water treatment method according to a second embodiment will be described.

By the way, membrane separation of water to be treated is carried out by immersing the hollow fiber membrane in a standing position in which the hollow fiber membrane is extended and held in the water to be treated containing suspended substances and the like, and sucking the inside of the hollow fiber membrane. In practice, an external pressure type hollow fiber membrane module that obtains permeated water has been used.

And the hollow fiber membrane module used for the conventional water treatment is liable to lower the permeation performance of the hollow fiber membrane due to floating solids or adhesive organic compounds in the water to be treated. Since this leads to an increase in the power load for the above, a method for suppressing the decrease in the permeation performance has been widely studied.

For example, in a hollow fiber membrane module that performs membrane separation with the hollow fiber membrane extending in the vertical direction and immersed in the water to be treated, aeration is performed on the lower end side of the hollow fiber membrane. It is known that a method called air scrubbing, which removes surface deposits by vibrating the hollow fiber membrane with bubbles generated by the above, is effective in preventing a decrease in permeation performance.

By the way, as this type of hollow fiber membrane module, a type of sucking permeate from only the upper end side of the hollow fiber membrane has been widely used. However, JP 2006-305443 A (Patent Document 1). In recent years, the use of a hollow fiber membrane module of the type that sucks permeate from both the upper and lower sides of the hollow fiber membrane has been studied.
When suction is made at the end of the hollow fiber membrane to allow water to permeate from the outside to the inside of the hollow fiber membrane, a large amount of water per unit time passes through the membrane near the end where negative pressure due to this suction is likely to act. Although it permeates, the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the hollow fiber membrane decreases as the distance from the end portion decreases, so that the amount of water permeating the membrane decreases.
For this reason, it is difficult for the type that collects water from one side to effectively act on the entire hollow fiber membrane for membrane separation, but the hollow fiber membrane module that collects water from both the upper and lower sides effectively utilizes the entire hollow fiber membrane. Easy and compact membrane separation can be carried out efficiently.

The hollow fiber membrane module described in Patent Document 1 has an air diffuser inserted into a bundle of hollow fiber membranes from the lateral direction perpendicular to the vertical direction in which the hollow fiber membrane extends, and the air diffuser at the tip thereof. From this, bubbles are generated to remove deposits on the surface of the hollow fiber membrane.
However, when air is diffused with such a diffuser, the hollow fiber membrane in the vicinity of the diffuser in front of the diffuser is vibrated vigorously due to the release of bubbles from the diffuser provided at the tip of the diffuser. Therefore, it may collide with the tip of the air diffuser and be damaged by, for example, the opening edge of the air diffuser.
And when a hollow fiber membrane is damaged, to-be-processed water will mix in permeated water and will cause the water quality fall of permeated water.

That is, the conventional hollow fiber membrane module and the water treatment method using the conventional hollow fiber membrane module have a problem that it is difficult to perform efficient membrane separation while suppressing deterioration of water quality. .

The second embodiment provides a hollow fiber membrane module that can collect water from both the upper and lower sides but has a low risk of damaging the hollow fiber membrane, and as a result, performs efficient membrane separation while suppressing water quality deterioration. It aims at providing the water treatment method which can be implemented.

FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of the hollow fiber membrane module according to the 2-1 embodiment of the present invention as seen from the side, and FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the cross section (cross section) of a thread membrane module.
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the hollow fiber membrane module taken along the line BB in FIG.

The hollow fiber membrane module 210 of the second embodiment has a vertically long cylindrical appearance as shown in FIG. 6, and a plurality of hollow fiber membranes 211 are arranged in parallel in the middle in the vertical direction. Is exposed.
The hollow fiber membrane module 210 of the 2-1 embodiment is arranged in a vertical direction with a plurality of hollow fiber membranes 211 aligned, and one end portion of both ends of the hollow fiber membrane 211 is arranged. Two fixing members are used: a fixing member that fixes on the upper side (hereinafter also referred to as “upper fixing member 220”) and a fixing member that fixes the other end on the lower side (hereinafter also referred to as “lower fixing member 230”). The hollow fiber membrane 211 is fixed.
Then, the hollow fiber membrane module 210 of the 2-1 embodiment extends in the vertical direction through the center portion thereof, and both ends thereof are fixed to the upper fixing member 220 and the lower fixing member 230 so that these It has a bowl-shaped support member 200S that supports it with a predetermined interval therebetween.
That is, in the hollow fiber membrane module 210 of the second embodiment, the upper fixing member 220 and the lower fixing member 230 are supported by a single support member 200S passing through the center portion thereof.
Further, the hollow fiber membrane module 210 of the 2-1 embodiment is provided with an air diffuser for generating bubbles on the lower end side of the hollow fiber membrane 211 extending in the vertical direction.

The upper fixing member 220 has a plate-like body 221 (hereinafter also referred to as “upper plate-like body 221”) disposed substantially horizontally on the lower side thereof, and the plate-like body 221 has a thickness by a polymer composition. It is formed in a disk shape.
Further, the upper fixing member 220 is provided with a cap material 222 that covers the plate-like body 221 from above, and the cap material 222 includes a top surface portion 222c that has substantially the same shape as the contour shape of the plate-like body 221, and the top surface portion 222c. And a peripheral wall portion 222w depending from the outer edge of the top surface portion 222c.
Then, the cap material 222 has its top surface portion 222c spaced apart from the upper surface 221a of the plate-like body 221 by a certain distance, and the inner peripheral surface of the peripheral wall portion 222w is in close contact with the outer peripheral surface 221w of the plate-like body 221. Thus, a space 220 a is formed between the plate-like body 221.

The plate-like body 221 has an upper end portion of the hollow fiber membrane 211 embedded and fixed with the polymer composition, and a fixing portion for fixing the hollow fiber membrane 211 in the upper fixing member 220 is formed.
More specifically, the plate-like body 221 has a cylindrical shape having an inner diameter slightly larger than the thickness of the hollow fiber membranes 211 in a state where all the hollow fiber membranes 211 are bundled together. A cylindrical cured body obtained by inserting the end of the hollow fiber membrane 211 into a container and filling and solidifying the curable liquid polymer in the container is formed at a portion inside the end of the hollow fiber membrane 211. The hollow fiber membrane 211 is formed into a disk shape by cutting the entire hollow fiber membrane 211 in a direction substantially orthogonal to the extending direction of the hollow fiber membrane 211.
Accordingly, the hollow fiber membrane 211 is fixed to the upper fixing member 220 by being embedded in the polymer composition in a state of passing through the plate-like body 221 from below and opening on the upper surface 221a of the plate-like body 221. .

The lower fixing member 230 has the same configuration as that of the upper fixing member 220. The lower fixing member 230 is disposed substantially horizontally above the upper fixing member 220, and is formed into a thick disk shape from the polymer composition. (Hereinafter also referred to as “lower plate-like body 231”), a fixing portion for fixing the lower end portion of the hollow fiber membrane 211 is formed, and a cap material 232 externally fitted to the plate-like body 231 from below. In that a space is formed between the two.
That is, the hollow fiber membrane 211 is opened on the upper surface 221 a of the plate-like body 221 on the upper fixing member 220 side, and the hollow fiber membrane is placed in the space 220 a between the plate-like body 221 and the cap material 222. Similarly to the communication of the inner space 211, the hollow fiber membrane 211 is opened on the lower surface 231 b of the lower plate-like body 231 on the lower fixing member 230 side, and the inner space is connected to the lower plate-like body 231. The space 230 a formed between the cap member 232 and the cap member 232 communicates with the space 230 a.

The plate-

like bodies

221 and 231 are formed of a polymer composition around a gap between the hollow fiber membranes 211 at a place where the hollow fiber membrane 211 is fixed or around a place where the hollow fiber membrane 211 is fixed. Since the

wall bodies

221r and 231r are formed by the above, the water-tightness is given to the

space portions

220a and 230a surrounded by the plate-

like bodies

221 and 231 and the

cap materials

222 and 232, which is the second embodiment. When the hollow fiber membrane module 210 is immersed in the water to be membrane-separated, the water to be treated can be prevented from entering the

spaces

220a and 230a.
In addition, by this, both the upper and

lower space parts

220a and 230a function as a water collection chamber in which permeated water permeated from the outside to the inside of the hollow fiber membrane 211 is collected.

In the second embodiment, the upper fixing member 220 has an opening 222 s in the top surface portion 222 c of the cap material 222 so that the permeated water collected in the space portion 220 a can be carried out of the hollow fiber membrane module 210. The space 220a communicates with the outside only through the opening 222s.
On the other hand, no opening is formed in the cap member 232 in the lower fixing member 230. Instead, the space portion 230a of the lower fixing member 230 (hereinafter also referred to as “lower water collecting chamber 230a”) and the upper fixing member 220 are formed. A water pipe 200P is provided to communicate with the space 220a (hereinafter also referred to as “upper water collecting chamber 220a”).
The water pipe 200P is much larger in diameter than the hollow fiber membrane 211 and the like, and has a sufficiently reduced pressure loss when passing permeate from the lower water collecting chamber 230a to the upper water collecting chamber 220a.
By having such a configuration, the hollow fiber membrane module 210 in the second embodiment collects water in both the upper and lower

water collecting chambers

220a and 230a when sucking permeate from the opening 222s. Is formed.

The hollow fiber membrane module 210 according to the second embodiment is further provided with an air diffuser member 240 for generating air bubbles on the lower end side of the hollow fiber membrane 211, and the air diffuser member 240 contains the air bubbles. It is provided so as to be able to remove deposits attached to the surface when membrane separation of the water to be treated is carried out by generating and vibrating the hollow fiber membrane 211.
The air diffuser 240 has a hollow body 241 in which air bubbles 200AO for generating the bubbles are opened, and gas is supplied to the hollow body 241 from a tube connected to the hollow body to generate the bubbles. It is comprised so that it can be made.
Specifically, the hollow body 241 is embedded in a state of being horizontally placed on the plate-like body 231 of the lower fixing member 230, and includes four tubular portions 241p extending radially from the center of the plate-like body 231; A tubular rising portion 241e that rises from the distal end portion of the tubular portion 241p, and the rising portion 241e opens the distal end portion upward on the upper surface 231a of the plate-like body 231, thereby forming the air diffusion hole 200AO. It is formed.

In the second embodiment, the support member 200S is a hollow tube 240p (hereinafter also referred to as “air supply tube 240p”), and is provided to supply gas to the hollow body 241.
The air supply tube 240p is embedded and fixed at the lower end of the polymer composition at the center of the plate-like body 231 in which the tubular portion 241p of the hollow body 241 is assembled at one end thereof. The tubular portion 241p is connected to the pipe wall of the supply pipe 240p with one end thereof opened.
That is, four tubular portions 241p arranged in a cross shape in a top view are gathered, and the air supply tube 240p and the hollow body 241 are connected at the central portion of the cross.
The air supply pipe 240p and the hollow body 241 are connected to each other at a lower end portion of the air supply pipe 240p in a state in which gas for aeration can be supplied to the hollow body, while an upper end portion of the air supply pipe 240p is an upper fixing member 220. The plate-like body 221 is embedded and fixed in the center.
The hollow fiber membrane module 210 of the second embodiment includes an extension pipe 200Se that is connected to the upper end portion of the air supply pipe 240p and extends further upward from the upper end portion of the air supply pipe 240p, and the extension pipe 200Se. Is extended above the top surface portion 222c of the cap material 222 through the upper water collection chamber 220a.
It should be noted that a sufficient seal is provided between the connecting portion of the extension pipe 200Se and the air supply pipe 240p and between the extension pipe 200Se and the cap member 222 (the top surface portion 222c), and the extension pipe 200Se and the air supply pipe 240p. The permeated water is prevented from entering the connecting portion with the gas, or the gas is prevented from leaking into the upper water collecting chamber 220a and the treated water is prevented from flowing into the upper water collecting chamber 220a. Yes.

When the hollow fiber membrane module 210 according to the second embodiment has the above-described constituent members, a gas such as air for supplying air to the extension pipe 200Se by air supply means such as a blower is supplied. Further, the gas is supplied to the hollow body 241 through the air supply pipe 240p, and the gas divided into four by the tubular portions 241p is discharged as air bubbles 200AB from the air diffusion holes 200AO provided on the distal end side of each tubular portion 241p. Is formed.

In addition, since the location where this hollow body 241 is embedded usually makes it difficult to penetrate the hollow body 241 and allow the hollow fiber membrane 211 to reach the lower surface 231b of the lower plate-like body 231, the hollow fiber 241 The membrane 211 is divided into several parts to form a hollow fiber membrane bundle 211a, and the lower end of the hollow fiber membrane bundle 211a is embedded between the radially extending hollow bodies 241 and fixed to the lower plate-like body 231. It is preferable.
For example, as shown in FIG. 8, avoiding interference between the hollow body 241 and the like by embedding eight hollow fiber membrane bundles 211a bundled so as to have a fan-shaped cross section between adjacent tubular portions 241p. It is preferable to fix the lower end portion of the hollow fiber membrane 211 to the lower plate-like body 231.

By fixing the hollow fiber membrane bundle 211a between the radially formed hollow bodies 241 in this manner, the air diffusion holes 200AO and the hollow fiber membrane bundle 211a can be alternately arranged in the circumferential direction, and the hollow fiber membrane Aeration to the bundle 211a can be performed without unevenness.
FIG. 9A) is a sectional view showing a longitudinal section of the hollow fiber membrane module 210, showing only the lower fixing member 230, and FIG. 9B) is a position along the line CC in FIG. 9A). FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross section of the hollow fiber membrane module 210 of FIG. 9. As shown in FIG. 9, a plurality of rising portions 241e are provided in the direction in which the tubular portion 241p extends to provide a plurality of air holes 200AO. Is also possible.
That is, the rising portion 241e is not formed only at the distal end portion of the tubular portion 241p, but a plurality of rising portions 241e are formed before reaching the distal end portion, and the distal ends thereof are directed upward on the upper surface 231a of the plate-like body 231. It is also possible to form a large number of diffuser holes 200AO by opening them.
As described above, by forming the plurality of rising portions 241e in one tubular portion 241p and providing the plurality of air diffusion holes 200AO, air diffusion to the hollow fiber membrane bundle 211a can be performed more evenly.

Furthermore, a hollow body 241 having a flat cylindrical appearance as seen in FIG. 10 can also be adopted as the air diffuser 240 in the hollow fiber membrane module 210 of the second embodiment.
A hollow body 241 shown in FIG. 10 has a circular ceiling wall 241r and a bottom wall 241b having a diameter smaller than that of the plate-like body 231, and a cylindrical peripheral side wall having a height lower than the thickness of the plate-like body 231. A hollow circular base portion 241c in which the outer edges of the bottom wall 241b and the ceiling wall 241r are connected by 241w, and a cylinder whose upper end rises from the opening of the ceiling wall 241r of the circular base portion 241c and reaches the upper surface 231a of the plate-like body 231. And a rising portion 241e.
As shown in FIG. 10B, which shows a cross section taken along the line DD of FIG. 10A, a plurality of rising portions 241e are formed in the hollow body 241, and the upper end of the rising portion 241e is formed. Are diffused holes 200AO, and the diffused holes 200AO are opened upward on the upper surface 231a of the plate-like body 231.

Similarly to the hollow body described so far, this hollow body is also connected with an air supply tube 240p for introducing gas into its internal space, and the above-mentioned supply to the center position of the ceiling wall 241r of the circular base portion 241c. The lower end of the trachea 240p is connected.
In the hollow fiber membrane module 210 having a part of the structure shown in FIG. 10, the hollow fiber membrane bundle 211a bundled in a fan shape is fixed around the circular base portion 241c.

In this manner, the air diffusion hole 200AO opening upward is formed on the upper surface 231a of the plate-like body 231 of the lower fixing member 230, and the hollow body 241 is not exposed to the upper surface side of the plate-like body 231. Even if air bubbles are discharged from the pores 200AO to vibrate the hollow fiber membrane 211, the hollow fiber membrane 211 constituting the diffuser member 240 can be prevented from colliding with the hollow fiber membrane 211 that has been vibrated, Damage to the hollow fiber membrane 211 can be prevented.
Even if the rising portion 241e is further extended and its tip end portion is positioned above the upper surface 231a of the plate-like body 231, the bubbles are opened upward on the upper surface side of the plate-like body 231. In the case of being released from the pores, the direction of bubble release and the direction in which the hollow fiber membrane 211 extends are substantially parallel, and therefore the vibration of the hollow fiber membrane 211 in the vicinity of the air diffusion hole 200AO is excessively large. In addition, even if the hollow fiber membrane 211 comes into contact with the rising portion 241e, the protruding direction of the rising portion 241e and the extending direction of the hollow fiber membrane 211 are substantially parallel to each other. Compared with the case where the diffuser tube is arranged orthogonal to the hollow fiber membrane 211, it is possible to suppress the local application of impact at the time of contact.

As shown in FIGS. 8 to 10, when the bundle 211a into which the hollow fiber membrane 211 is subdivided is embedded at a location different from the location where the hollow body 241 is embedded, the air diffuser is normally connected to the hollow fiber membrane 211. Even if the rising portion 241e protrudes upward, the contact between the rising portion 241e and the hollow fiber membrane 211 can be suppressed.

As shown in FIGS. 6 to 10, when the air supply pipe 240p is connected to the hollow body 241 embedded in the plate-like body 231 constituting the fixing portion for fixing the hollow fiber membrane 211, the air supply pipe 240p Thus, the function as the support member 200S originally expected is more suitably exhibited.
For example, even if the support member 200S and the lower plate-like body 231 are peeled off because the adhesive force between the outer surface of the support member 200S (air supply tube 240p) and the surrounding polymer composition is low, the support member 200S Since the lower end portion is connected to the hollow body 241, the support member 200S can be prevented from being detached from the lower plate-like body 231.
Therefore, it is possible to prevent the constituent material of the support member 200S from being restricted in terms of compatibility with the polymer composition for fixing the hollow fiber membrane 211, and to improve the degree of freedom in designing the hollow fiber membrane module. sell.

A method for embedding the hollow body 241 in the lower plate-like body 231 is not particularly limited, but when the hollow fiber membrane 211 is integrated with a curable liquid polymer, the hollow body 241 is embedded together. At this time, even if the support member 200S (air supply tube 240p) is embedded in advance in a state of being connected to the hollow body 241, if necessary, the support member 200S ( An air supply pipe 240p) may be connected.

It should be noted that the use of the support member as a tube for supplying air to the hollow body as in the 2-1 embodiment is not an essential configuration in the present invention.
Accordingly, aspects such as the 2-2 embodiment described below are also within the scope of the present invention.

(Second embodiment)
FIG. 11 shows a 2-2 embodiment of the present invention. Like FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 in the 2-1 embodiment, FIG. 11 (A) is a sectional view showing a longitudinal section of the hollow fiber membrane module. FIG. 11 (B) is a cross-sectional view showing a cross section of the hollow fiber membrane module 210 at the position along the line EE in FIG. 11 (A). is there.
In the 2-1 embodiment, the pipe body (supply pipe) that supplies the gas for air diffusion to the hollow body 241 also serves as the support member. However, in this 2-2 embodiment, the supply body A trachea 250 is provided separately.

In the hollow fiber membrane module shown in FIG. 11, six straight tubular hollow bodies 241 penetrating the plate-like body 231 of the lower fixing member 230 in the vertical direction are embedded, and the bottom surface of the cap member 232 of the lower fixing member 230 is embedded. The air supply pipe 250 introduced into the lower water collecting chamber 230a through the bottom surface part 232b from below the center part of the part 232b is branched into six narrow pipes (branch pipe part 251), and through the branched pipe body, It is connected to the lower end of the hollow body 241.
In other words, the upper ends of the six narrow tubes of the branch pipe portion 251 are connected to the lower ends of the six hollow bodies 241 respectively.

In the 2-2 embodiment, the hollow fiber membrane module 210 in the 2-1 embodiment is formed in that the air diffusion hole 200AO opening upward is formed on the upper surface 231a of the plate-like body 231 of the lower fixing member 230. The hollow body 241 is not exposed on the upper surface side of the plate-like body 231, so that the collision between the hollow body 241 and the hollow fiber membrane 211 can be avoided and damage to the hollow fiber membrane 211 can be prevented. The same.

In addition, in the hollow fiber membrane module according to the 2-2 embodiment, the air diffuser 240 ′ is configured by the hollow body 241 having a very simple structure called a straight pipe, and the lower surface 231b of the plate-like body 231 is formed. Since the tube body for supplying air and the hollow body 241 are connected to each other at the exposed portion, the hollow fiber membrane module illustrated in the embodiment 2-1 can be easily manufactured.

In addition, about the aspect which introduces the said air supply pipe | tube 250 to the downward direction of the lower plate-shaped body 231 from the exterior of the lower fixing member 230, it is limited to the case where it introduce | transduces from the downward direction of the cap material 232 as shown to FIG. 11 (A). For example, a modified example as shown in FIG. 11 (A ′) can also be employed.
That is, the case where the peripheral wall portion 231w is penetrated from the side of the cap member 232 and connected to the branch pipe portion 251 below the lower plate-like body 231 is also within the intended range of the hollow fiber membrane module of the present invention.
Contrary to the embodiment in which the tube body for supplying the gas for aeration to the hollow body 241 and the support member are not combined as in the second to second embodiments, the second to third embodiments described below are used. The case where a plurality of support members are used and a part or all of the support members are used as the air supply pipe is also within the scope of the present invention.

(2-3 embodiment)
FIG. 12 shows a second to third embodiment of the present invention. Like FIG. 11 shown in the 2-2 embodiment, FIG. 12A is a sectional view showing a longitudinal section of the hollow fiber membrane module. FIG. 12B shows only the lower fixing member 230, and FIG. 12B is a cross-sectional view showing a cross section of the hollow fiber membrane module 210 at the position along the line FF in FIG. 12A. is there.
In the 2-1 embodiment, the single support member that also serves as the air supply pipe is arranged at the center of the hollow fiber membrane module. However, in the 2-2 embodiment, four saddle-shaped members are used. The supporting members 200S are used for supporting both ends of the supporting member 200S by fixing them to the upper fixing member 220 and the lower fixing member.

The four support members 200S are arranged such that the fixing position of the lower fixing member 230 in the plate-like body 231 and the fixing position of the upper fixing member 220 are substantially squares connecting the respective positions. The center of this square is arranged so as to be located at the center of the hollow fiber membrane module.
Also in the second to third embodiments, in order to use the support member 200S as the supply pipe 240p, a hollow tube is adopted as the support member 200S, and all four support members 200S are used as the supply pipe 240p. Tubes are used for all four support members 200S in order to function.

The four support members 200S are fixed with their lower ends embedded in the plate-like body 231 and connected by four hollow tubes at the embedded locations.
Specifically, in the plate-like body 231, hollow tubes are embedded and fixed at positions corresponding to the four sides of the square in the form along the respective sides.
The hollow tube is provided as a hollow body 241 constituting the diffuser member 240, and one hollow tube has its both ends connected to another support member 200S (air supply tube 240p).
That is, in the point that the hollow body (hollow pipe) is connected to the pipe body (air supply pipe) and the hollow regions communicate with each other, the air diffusion member 240 "of the second embodiment is also the same as that of the 2-1 embodiment. Although common to the diffuser member 240, the hollow body 241 'in the second to third embodiments is exemplified in the second to first embodiments in that it is a connecting pipe that communicates between the two air supply pipes 240p. It is different from the embodiment.

The connecting pipe 241 ′ communicating between the two air supply pipes 240 p has an embedding depth of about the diameter of the connecting pipe 241 ′, and the pipe wall is slightly on the upper surface 231 a of the lower plate-like body 231. Embedded in the polymer composition in an exposed state.
The connecting pipe 241 ′ is exposed to the upper surface 231a of the lower plate-like body 231 as an air diffusion hole 200AO for diffusing gas introduced from the air supply pipe 240p into the connecting pipe 241 ′. A plurality of through holes are formed in the tube wall at locations along the length direction of the connecting tube 241 ′.
The through holes are provided in all four connecting pipes 241 ′. In the hollow fiber membrane module of the second embodiment, the lower plate-like body 231 has a plurality of air diffusion holes 200AO facing upward. Are arranged in a square on the upper surface 231a.

In this second to third embodiment, the collision between the hollow body 241 and the hollow fiber membrane 211 is caused by generating bubbles from the air diffusion holes 200AO opened upward on the upper surface 231a of the plate-like body 231 of the lower fixing member 230. It is the same as the hollow fiber membrane module in the 2-1 and 2-2 embodiments in that the deposits on the hollow fiber membrane 211 can be removed while avoiding it.
Moreover, in the second to third embodiments, gas can be supplied from a plurality of air supply pipes 240p to one hollow body (connecting pipe 241 ′). For example, a failure occurs in one air supply pipe 240p. Even so, it is possible to continue the aeration using the other air supply pipe 240p.

In addition, the hollow fiber membrane module of the present invention is a module in which the whole of the connecting pipe 241 ′ is not embedded in the plate-like body 231 but part or all of the connecting pipe 241 ′ is exposed in view of the above effects. However, in that case, the possibility that the hollow fiber membrane module and the connecting pipe 241 ′ come into contact with each other is increased.
Therefore, if the connection pipe is arranged in a state where it is completely exposed above the plate-like body 231, and the bubbles are generated from the diffused holes opened upward, this connection pipe is used. It is preferable to use a flexible material such as a rubber hose instead of a hard material.
Even in the case of projecting a part of the hollow body upward from the upper surface 231 of the plate-like body 231 in the 2-1 and 2-2 embodiments, at least the projecting portion is made of a soft rubber member. It is the same that the damage of the hollow fiber membrane can be further reduced by setting.

Further, as a method of avoiding the collision with the hollow fiber membrane 211 while exposing the connecting pipe 241 ′ to the water to be treated, FIG. 12 (A ′), FIG. 12 (B ′) (cross-sectional view taken along the line GG in FIG. 12A ′). It is also possible to adopt a modification example as shown in FIG.
(A ′) and (B ′) in FIG. 12 are grooves that are orthogonal to the upper surface side of the lower plate-like body 231 through the center thereof, and that are equal to or larger than the thickness of the connecting pipe 241 ′. A cross-shaped groove 200AL having a depth is formed, and the tubular support member 200S (air supply pipe) is formed in a state where the lower end portions are embedded in the lower plate-like body 231 and fixed to four ends of the cross-shaped groove 200AL. 240p), and a hollow fiber membrane module having an air diffusion mechanism in which the four support members are connected by a cross-shaped connecting pipe 241 ′ arranged in the groove 200AL.
That is, the hollow fiber membrane module shown in FIGS. 12A ′ and 12B ′ can receive gas supply from four support members 200S to one hollow body (connecting tube 241 ′). Is formed so that air bubbles can be generated from the air diffusion holes 200AO opened in the upper surface of the connecting pipe 241 ′.
In addition, if necessary, one or more of the four support members 200S may be a pipe body to serve as the supply pipe 240p, and the rest may be a solid casing.
In addition, by adopting a mode in which a groove is provided regardless of the cross shape and the connecting pipe 241 ′ is accommodated, the hollow fiber membrane 211 that is vibrated by aeration while being easy to replace the hollow body (connecting pipe 241 ′) is provided. The possibility of collision with the connecting pipe 241 ′ can be suppressed.
Further, the connecting pipe 241 ′ can be exposed from the surface of the plate-like body 231.
The depth of the groove 200AL is preferably not less than 1/3 of the thickness of the connecting pipe 241 ′, and more preferably equal to or greater than the thickness of the connecting pipe 241 ′.

In the second embodiment exemplified above, each member constituting the hollow fiber membrane module of the present invention, such as a hollow body or a support member, can be formed using a conventionally known member. A resin tube, a metal tube, or the like can be used.
Similarly, upper and lower cap materials, hollow fiber membranes, and the like can also be formed using conventionally known members.

In the above-described embodiments 2-1 to 2-3, the hollow fiber membrane module having a vertically cylindrical appearance is illustrated, but the hollow fiber membrane module of the present invention has a substantially cylindrical shape as a whole. It is not limited.
Further, in the above-described 2-1 embodiment, the hollow fiber membrane module having a structure in which the permeated water is collected from both the upper and lower sides by discharging the permeated water from only the upper water collecting chamber is exemplified, but only the lower water collecting chamber is illustrated. From both the upper and lower water collection chambers without a hollow fiber membrane module that collects water from both the upper and lower sides by discharging permeated water from the upper and lower water collecting pipes. The hollow fiber membrane modules configured to discharge the permeated water independently of each other are also within the intended scope of the present invention.
Furthermore, a conventionally well-known member can be employed in the hollow fiber membrane module of the present invention as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired as a constituent member of the hollow fiber membrane module.

In addition, the hollow fiber membrane module of this invention can be used suitably for the following water treatments.
FIG. 13 is an apparatus schematic diagram for explaining this water treatment method, and is a view showing an embodiment of a water treatment apparatus using the hollow fiber membrane module 210 of the 2-2 embodiment.

In the second embodiment, the water treatment apparatus 260 is configured to obtain permeated water in a state in which water to be treated containing suspended solids can be membrane-separated and supplied as clean water.
As shown in FIG. 13, the water treatment device 260 is provided with a water tank 262 to which water to be treated is supplied from a water supply line 261 to be treated.
Further, the water treatment apparatus 260 of the second embodiment includes a plurality of hollow fiber membrane modules 210 arranged so as to be immersed in the standing water in the water to be treated in the water tank 262 to be treated, and these hollow fiber membrane modules 210. A permeated water extraction line 263 that has a suction pump 263a and sucks the inside of the hollow fiber membrane by the suction pump 263a to perform solid-liquid separation by membrane filtration of the water to be treated to take out the permeated water; A membrane separation apparatus having
Furthermore, in the water treatment device 260 of the second embodiment, an air supply source 264a for performing air scrubbing by the air diffuser of the hollow fiber membrane module 210, and air is conveyed from the air supply source 264a, and the air supply pipe The air supply line 264 for supplying air to the said hollow body 241 through 240p (refer FIG. 6 etc.) and the deposit discharge line 265 for discharging the deposit in the to-be-processed water tank 262 are provided.

Further, the permeated water extraction line 263 in the water treatment apparatus of FIG. 13 includes a water collection pipe 263b connected to the opening 222s of the cap member 222 at the top of each hollow fiber membrane module 210, and a water collection header pipe communicating with each water collection pipe 263b. 263c and a permeate take-out pipe 263d.
The air supply line 264 includes an air supply source 264a, an air transport pipe 264b that supplies air pressurized by the air supply source 264a, an air transport branch pipe 264d that branches from the air transport pipe 264b, A tip portion of each pneumatic transport branch pipe 264d is configured to be connected to an air supply pipe 250 (see FIG. 11) of each hollow fiber membrane module 210.
In addition, each hollow fiber membrane module 210 is installed in the water treatment apparatus in a state in which the upper fixing member 220 is immersed entirely below the water surface.

In the water treatment method using the water treatment device 260 configured as described above, the suction pump 263a sucks the upper water collection chamber 220a and communicates with the upper water collection chamber 220a and the water pipe 200P. The lower water collecting chamber 230a is brought into a negative pressure state, thereby allowing permeate to permeate from the outside to the inside of the hollow fiber membrane 211 to collect water from both the upper and lower sides.
By continuing the suction by the suction pump 263a, the permeated water is discharged from the hollow fiber membrane module, and the membrane separation of the water to be treated by the hollow fiber membrane 211 is continued.

In such a process (membrane separation process), suspended substances contained in the water to be treated are mainly captured on the surface of the hollow fiber membrane 211, and clean water permeates inside the hollow fiber membrane. Permeated as water.
And the suspended substance adhering to the surface of the hollow fiber membrane 211 becomes a factor which reduces the permeability | transmittance of the hollow fiber membrane 211, and becomes a factor which increases the power load of the suction pump 263a.
Therefore, in order to reduce the efficiency of the membrane separation step, it is preferable to remove the deposits attached to the surface of the hollow fiber membrane 211.

In the second embodiment, since the hollow fiber membrane module 210 having the diffuser member 240 ′ as described above is employed in the water treatment apparatus, the diffuser step of generating bubbles in the diffuser member 240 ′ is performed. It can be carried out to remove the deposits.
That is, air is supplied from the air supply source 264a to the hollow body 241 through the air transport pipe 264b, the air transport branch pipe 264d, and the air supply pipe 250, and is provided above the fixing portion that fixes the lower end of the hollow fiber membrane 211. Bubbles are generated upward from the diffused air holes 200AO, and the hollow fiber membrane 211 is vibrated by the striking force caused by the collision of the bubbles against the hollow fiber membrane 211 and the water flow generated by the bubble rising, and the deposits are removed and removed.
In addition, if necessary at this time, contrary to the suction by the suction pump 263a, the

water collection chambers

220a and 230a are pressurized to perform reverse cleaning that allows permeate to permeate from the inside to the outside of the hollow fiber membrane 211. Also good.

In this air diffusion process, as described above, the hollow fiber membrane 211 disposed in the vicinity of the air diffusion holes 200AO vibrates excessively by releasing the bubbles in the extending direction of the hollow fiber membrane 211. The deposits are removed while the occurrence of damage to the hollow fiber membrane 211 is suppressed.
Therefore, it is possible to implement an efficient water treatment method while suppressing the possibility that the quality of the permeated water is deteriorated.
This can provide a water treatment method particularly suitable for clean water treatment, which is demanding for water quality.
The water treatment method of the second embodiment is not limited to the water treatment, and can be widely applied to general water treatment.

3rd Embodiment Next, the hollow fiber membrane module of 3rd Embodiment, the membrane separation method as a water treatment method, and a water treatment apparatus are demonstrated.

By the way, in recent years, in water treatment devices that treat river water, lake water, groundwater, seawater, etc., or water treatment equipment that treats sewage and industrial wastewater, hollow fiber membranes have been extended and retained in the water to be treated. Hollow fiber membrane modules that perform permeation of water to be treated by dipping in a standing posture and sucking the inside of the hollow fiber membrane to obtain permeated water have been used.

This type of conventional hollow fiber membrane module used for membrane separation of water to be treated has a structure in which hollow fiber membranes are adhered to the hollow fiber membrane by adhering substances such as floating solids and adhesive organic compounds in the water to be treated. Since the permeation performance is likely to be reduced, and the permeation performance of the hollow fiber membrane is lowered, the operation efficiency of the water treatment apparatus is also lowered. Conventionally, methods for suppressing this permeation performance decline have been widely studied.

As a method of suppressing this decrease in permeation performance, in a hollow fiber membrane module that performs membrane separation by extending the hollow fiber membrane in the vertical direction, it is generated by performing aeration at the lower end side of the hollow fiber membrane. A method called air scrubbing is known, in which deposits on the surface of the hollow fiber membrane are removed with the generated bubbles.
For example, both ends of the hollow fiber membrane are fixed to fixing members that are spaced apart from each other in the vertical direction, and bubbles are generated from the upper surface side of the lower fixing member to perform membrane separation while removing deposits in the same manner. The method of performing is known.
As a hollow fiber membrane module having an air diffusion mechanism for carrying out such air diffusion, it is described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-326140 (Patent Document 2) and International Publication WO 2004/112944 (Patent Document 3). Things are known.

The hollow fiber membrane modules described in Patent Documents 2 and 3 fix one end (upper end) of both ends of the hollow fiber membrane so that a plurality of hollow fiber membranes can be held in a standing posture. An upper fixing member and a lower fixing member for fixing the other end (lower end) are provided, and air scrubbing can be performed on the hollow fiber membrane by generating bubbles from the lower fixing member side in the water to be treated. It has a diffuser mechanism.

However, in the case of air scrubbing described in Patent Documents 2 and 3, in order to generate bubbles from the lower fixing member, only a flow of bubbles in the upward direction from the bottom to the top can be created.
Therefore, there are cases where the bubbles move only in parallel with the direction in which the hollow fiber membrane is extended, and the adhered matter on the hollow fiber membrane cannot be sufficiently removed.

On the other hand, a filtration device for deriving permeated water from both upper and lower sides of a hollow fiber membrane module is described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-305443 (Patent Document 1).
In the hollow fiber module described in Patent Document 1, permeated water is led out from a processing liquid take-out pipe by a pump through a water collecting portion having upper and lower ends of the hollow fiber membrane open.
Since the permeated water can be derived from both the upper and lower sides in this way, there is an advantage that the permeated water can be efficiently recovered as compared with the water treatment apparatus that derives the permeated water only from the upper side.
When air scrubbing is attempted in the water treatment apparatus provided with water collecting portions on both the upper and lower sides, since the water collecting portion is also provided on the lower fixing member side as described above, bubbles are generated from the lower fixing member. It is difficult to diffuse air bubbles through the hollow fiber membrane.
Therefore, in Patent Document 1, a water treatment device that performs air scrubbing by inserting a tubular body into a hollow fiber membrane so as to sew between the hollow fiber membranes from the horizontal direction and causing air bubbles to diffuse from the tip of the tubular body. Is described.

However, when the tubular body as described above is inserted between the hollow fiber membranes, the distal end portion of the tubular body is exposed, so that the hollow fiber membrane is damaged when the distal end portion contacts the hollow fiber membrane. there is a possibility.
When the hollow fiber is damaged due to contact with the tubular body in this way, the suspended matter is sucked from the broken portion, and as a result, high-quality treated water cannot be obtained, and is not particularly suitable for the field of water treatment. There is a problem of becoming.

In view of the above-described conventional problems, the third embodiment is a hollow fiber membrane module and a membrane separation method capable of suppressing damage to the hollow fiber membrane while effectively performing air scrubbing and suppressing deterioration in permeation performance in membrane separation. It is another object of the present invention to provide a water treatment apparatus.

FIG. 14 is a partial cross-sectional view of the hollow fiber membrane module according to the third embodiment of the present invention in an upright state, as viewed from the side, and FIG. 15 is a plan view of the hollow fiber module of FIG. It is. The code | symbol 310 in a figure represents the hollow fiber membrane module.
The hollow fiber membrane module 310 of the third embodiment is formed in a vertically long cylindrical shape, and is provided in a state in which a plurality of hollow fiber membranes 311 are exposed at an intermediate portion in the vertical direction.
The hollow fiber membrane module 310 of the third embodiment includes a lower fixing member 320 that fixes one end of both ends of the plurality of hollow fiber membranes 311 on the lower side, and an upper fixing that fixes the other end on the upper side. Two fixing members of the member 330 are used.

That is, the plurality of hollow fiber membranes 311 are provided in the hollow fiber membrane module 310 with their longitudinal ends extending in the vertical direction with both ends aligned.
As the hollow fiber membrane 311 constituting the hollow fiber membrane module 310, a microfiltration membrane or an ultrafiltration membrane can be used.

The upper fixing member 330 includes a cylindrical body 331, a permeated water outlet 332a, and a circular upper plate 332 attached to the upper side of the cylindrical body 331 having a tubular body mounting hole 332b provided at the center.
FIG. 16 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a part of the upper fixing member 330. As shown in FIG. 16, a flange portion 331a is formed on the lower peripheral edge of the cylindrical body 331. As shown in FIG.
A plate-like body 334 is provided inside the upper fixing member 330.
The plate-like body 334 is formed into a plate shape by solidifying the adhesive, and the hollow fiber membrane 311 has its end penetrated from the lower surface side to the upper surface side of the plate-like body 334 so that the plate-like body 334 is fixed.

A flange 334a is formed at the lower peripheral edge of the plate-like body 334, and the flange 334a of the plate-like body 334 and the flange 331a of the cylindrical body 331 of the upper fixing member 330 are O-rings as shown in FIG. It is joined in close contact via 336a.
Further, the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 331 and the outer peripheral surface of the plate-like body 334 are also joined in close contact with each other via an O-ring 336b, and an annular fixing member 337 is fitted to the outside of the joined portion, so that the upper fixing member 330 and the plate The state body 334 is fixed in a sealed state.

The hollow fiber membrane 311 is fixed by the adhesive in a state where all of the hollow fiber membranes 311 are bundled, and the upper edge of the hollow fiber membrane 311 is fixed so as to be flush with the upper surface 334b of the plate-like body 334. Has been.
Accordingly, an adhesive portion formed by the adhesive and a portion where the end of the hollow fiber membrane 311 is opened are formed on the upper surface side of the plate-like body 334 in a relatively uniform manner. Moreover, it is formed on the entire upper surface 334b of the plate-like body 334.
Further, the adhesive for fixing the hollow fiber membrane 311 is filled and solidified to a substantially constant depth from the upper surface side to the lower surface side of the plate-like body 334, so that the plate-like body 334 has a substantially constant thickness. Is formed.

An upper water collecting portion 335 that stores permeated water is formed in the upper portion of the upper fixing member 330 and on the upper side of the plate-like body 334. It communicates with the opening at the upper end of the.
A permeate outlet 332 a connected to the upper water collecting part 335 is connected to a pipe connected to a suction pump installed outside the hollow fiber membrane module 310.
As described above, the upper fixing member 330 and the plate-like body 334 are in close contact with the

flange portions

331a and 334a, the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 331, and the outer peripheral surface of the plate-like body 334 via the O-

rings

336a and 336b. Since it is attached, the upper water collecting portion 335 is a space isolated from the outside except for the opening of the hollow fiber membrane 311 and the permeate outlet 332a.

Arbitrary joining means can be adopted as the means for connecting the permeated water outlet 332a and the pipe. For example, the permeated water outlet 332a can be connected via a socket 300S as shown in FIG. By fitting the socket 300S on the outer periphery of the permeate outlet 332a and bonding the outer peripheral surface 332c of the permeate outlet 332a and the inner peripheral surface of the socket 300S, it is possible to connect the pipe 300 in a sealed state.
Alternatively, piping may be connected via a valve socket 300BS as shown in FIG. A screw thread is formed on the outer periphery of one opening of the valve socket 300BS, and this thread part is screwed into the permeate outlet 332a to attach the permeate outlet 332a and the valve socket 300BS. In this case, it is necessary to form a thread groove on the inner peripheral surface 332d of the permeate outlet 332a.

The lower fixing member 320 includes a cylindrical body 321 having the same inner diameter as the cylindrical body 331 of the upper fixing member 330, and a circular lower plate 322 having a disk shape attached to the lower end side in the cylindrical body 321. ing.
18 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a part of the lower fixing member 320. As shown in FIG. 18, a flange portion 321a is formed at the upper peripheral edge of the cylindrical body 321 as in the case of the upper fixing member 330. A plate-like body 324 is provided inside the lower fixing member 320.
The plate-like body 324 is formed into a plate shape by solidifying an adhesive, and the hollow fiber membrane 311 is formed by penetrating the lower end portion from the upper surface side to the lower surface side of the plate-like body 324. It is fixed to the body 324.

The lower fixing member 320 and the plate-like body 324 are attached in the same manner as the attachment means for the upper fixing member 330 and the plate-like body 334.
That is, as shown in FIG. 18, a flange portion 324 a is formed at the upper peripheral edge of the plate-like body 324, and the flange portion 324 a of the plate-like body 324 and the flange portion of the cylindrical body 321 of the lower fixing member 320. 321a is joined in close contact via an O-ring 326a as shown in FIG. 17, and the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 321 and the outer peripheral surface of the plate-like body 324 are also joined in close contact via an O-ring 326b. An annular fixing member 327 is fitted to the outside of the joint portion, and the lower fixing member 320 and the plate-like body 324 are fixed in a sealed state.
The

cylindrical bodies

331 and 321 and the circular

upper plates

332 and 322 of the upper fixing member 330 and the lower fixing member 320 are integrally formed by a known method such as molding or cutting out from any material such as metal or resin. Can do.

A lower water collecting part 325 that stores permeated water is formed below the plate-like body 324 at a lower part in the lower fixing member 320, and the lower water collecting part 325 is formed of each hollow fiber membrane 311. It communicates with the opening at the lower end.

The hollow fiber membrane module 310 has a permeate pipe 340 that passes through the upper plate 334 and the lower plate 324 and whose upper and lower ends open to the upper water collecting portion 335 and the lower water collecting portion 325, respectively. Are provided.
The three permeated

water tubes

340a, 340b, 340c are extended in the vertical direction in parallel with the hollow fiber membrane 311, and the end portions thereof are circular plates when viewed from the upper fixing member 330 side as shown in FIG. Arranged so as to be equidistant from the radial center of the circular plate 332 on the radiation centering on the radial center of the 332 (on the three radiations 300L1 to 300L3 each having an opening angle of 120 degrees). .
The number and arrangement of the permeate pipes 340 are not limited to this, and may be installed outside the plate-

like bodies

324 and 334, for example.

In the lower water collecting portion 325, as described above, the plate-like body 324 and the cylindrical body 321 are respectively connected to the

flange portions

321a and 324a, the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 321 and the outer peripheral surface of the plate-like 324 are O-rings. Since they are closely attached via 326a and 326b, they are spaces isolated from the outside except for the lower end of the hollow fiber membrane 311 and the opening of the permeate pipe 340.

The inside of the hollow fiber membrane 311 is sucked by a suction pump connected to the upper water collecting part 335 via a pipe, and the hollow fiber membrane 311 performs membrane separation of the water to be treated.
The permeated water that has permeated through the hollow fiber membrane 311 by membrane separation is recovered from the upper end of the hollow fiber membrane 311 to the upper water collecting part 335.
On the other hand, since it is sucked by the suction pump from the lower part of the hollow fiber membrane 311 through the permeate pipe 340, the permeate is collected in the lower water collecting part 325.
Further, the permeated water collected in the lower water collecting section 325 is transferred to the upper water collecting section 335 by the suction force of the suction pump transmitted through the permeated water pipe 340, and here the permeated water collected in the upper water collecting section 335. And is led out of the hollow fiber membrane module 310 from the permeate outlet 332a.

Further, the hollow fiber membrane module 310 is provided with a tubular body 351 extending between the upper fixing member 330 and the lower fixing member 320.
The tubular body 351 is formed of a material having some strength such as metal or synthetic resin, and its upper end is inserted into the tubular body mounting hole 332b of the circular plate 332, and its lower end is a plate of the lower fixing member 320. The hollow fiber membrane 311 is disposed at the center of the hollow fiber membrane 311 by being embedded and fixed in the cylindrical body 324.

An air supply line capable of supplying air from the blower provided outside the hollow fiber membrane module 310 to the inside of the tubular body 351 is connected to the tubular body mounting hole 332b into which the upper end portion of the tubular body 351 is inserted. An air diffusion mechanism 350 for air diffusion to the hollow fiber membrane 311 is configured.
On the lower peripheral surface of the tubular body 351, there are formed air diffusion holes 352 for bringing the air sent from the blower into the tubular body 351 into contact with the hollow fiber membrane 311 as bubbles.

The tubular body 351 has its upper end inserted into the tubular body mounting hole 332b of the upper fixing member 330 and its lower end embedded and fixed in the plate-like body 324 of the lower fixing member 320. Does not come into contact with the hollow fiber membrane 311.
The tubular body 351 is formed of a material having a certain degree of strength, such as metal or synthetic resin, and the upper and lower ends thereof are fixed to the upper fixing member 330 and the lower fixing member 320, so that the hollow fiber membrane 311 is supported. It also functions as a support member.

As a method of attaching the tubular body 351 to the tubular body attachment hole 332b of the circular plate 332, a conventional attachment method can be adopted as appropriate. For example, as shown in FIG. 19, it is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the fitting portion of the tubular body 351. A sealing tape 300T is wound around the threaded groove portion (also referred to as a “threaded portion”) 351a, and is screwed into the tubular body mounting hole 332b of the circular plate 332 via the sealing tape, thereby the tubular body 351. Can be attached in a state of being sealed in the tubular body attaching hole 332b.

The position where the air diffuser holes 352 are provided in the tubular body 351 can be arbitrarily set. For example, the air diffuser 352 can be provided on the peripheral surface on the lower side so that the entire hollow fiber membrane 311 can be effectively subjected to air scrubbing. It can be provided on the upper side with emphasis on removal.

Air scrubbing is performed by air bubbles being diffused from the tubular body 351 of the air diffusion mechanism 350.
FIG. 20 shows a state where air bubbles are diffused from the tubular body 351.
The air in the tubular body 351 is diffused as air bubbles from the diffuser holes 352 by the blower. However, since the tubular body 351 extends in the vertical direction, the air diffused formed on the peripheral surface of the tubular body 351. Bubbles are diffused in the horizontal direction from the pores 352. The bubbles rise from bottom to top by buoyancy, and a water flow is formed as the bubbles rise.
Accordingly, air scrubbing is effectively performed by the swinging of the hollow fiber membrane 311 caused by bubbles and water flowing in contact with the hollow fiber membrane 311.

The number of air holes 352 provided can be set as appropriate so that air bubbles can be distributed throughout the hollow fiber membrane 311.
In the case where a plurality of air diffusion holes 352 are formed, the positions where the air diffusion holes 352 are formed can be arbitrarily set as appropriate. Aeration holes 352 may be formed on the surface. In this case, since the bubbles can be diffused in various directions, the bubbles can be spread in a wider direction of the hollow fiber membrane 311.

With respect to the opening area of the air diffusion holes 352, by reducing the opening area and increasing the flow velocity of the air passing through the air diffusion holes 352, it is possible to bring the bubbles into contact with the surface of the hollow fiber membrane 311 with high vigorous removal. An effect can be obtained.
On the other hand, if the opening area of the air diffuser hole 352 is reduced, the air diffuser hole 352 may be clogged while the air diffuser is stopped.
In this respect, the air diffusion holes 352 are preferably formed to have a diameter of 3 to 25 mm when the shape of the air diffusion holes is circular, for example.

Further, the effective length of the hollow fiber membrane 311 (the length of the portion where the hollow fiber membrane is in contact with water) is preferably 800 to 5000 mm, although it depends on the inner diameter of the hollow fiber membrane, for example, the inner diameter of the hollow fiber membrane is In the case of 0.5 to 1.2 mm, 1000 to 3000 mm is preferable from the viewpoint of transmission efficiency.

In addition, the hollow fiber membrane module 310 of the third embodiment can adopt a module in which various improvements are added in addition to the above-described example.

For example, in the hollow fiber membrane module 310, the number of permeate pipes 340 is not limited to three according to the amount of permeate collected, etc., and can be arbitrarily set, two or four or more, or one It may be.
Furthermore, the inner diameter of the permeated water pipe 340 can also be appropriately set according to the amount of water collected and the number of permeated water pipes 340.

The means for attaching the tubular body 351 to the tubular body attachment hole 332b may be any means as long as the means can attach the tubular body 351 to the tubular body attachment hole 332b in a sealed state. .
For example, as shown in FIG. 21, the caulking agent 300C is filled in the tubular body attachment hole 332b in advance, and the threaded portion 351a of the tubular body 351 is screwed into the hole to be attached in a sealed state. Good. When the caulking agent 300C is used in this way, the caulking agent 300C is screwed into the tubular body mounting hole 332b by filling the inside of the tubular body mounting hole 332b and then screwing the tubular body 351 while maintaining a negative pressure state. The tubular body 351 is filled with no gap.
Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 22, the tubular body 351 may be inserted into the tubular body attachment hole 332b and attached in a sealed state by attaching a nut 300N via the packing 300P.

Furthermore, the number of the tubular bodies 351 can be arbitrarily set, and is not limited to one, and may be two or more.
Furthermore, the shape of the hollow fiber membrane module can be arbitrarily set, and is not limited to a vertically long cylindrical shape, and may be, for example, a polygonal column shape such as a triangular column shape, a quadrangular column shape, or a hexagonal column shape.

Further, the tubular body attaching hole 332 b is not limited to being formed in the upper fixing member 330.
For example, a tubular body attachment hole may be provided in the circular lower plate 322 of the lower fixing member 320, and air from the blower may be blown into the tubular body 351 from the lower fixing member 320 side.

Furthermore, in 3rd Embodiment, the upper water collecting part 335 and the lower water collecting part 325 are provided in the up-and-down both sides, and the permeated water pipe 340 which both ends are open to the up-and-down water collecting part is provided. Although the permeated water is collected from both end sides, the permeated water may be collected from only one of the upper and lower sides.

Next, a water treatment device and a membrane separation method carried out in this water treatment device will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 23 is a configuration explanatory view showing an embodiment of a water treatment apparatus using the hollow fiber membrane module 310 of the third embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 23, the water treatment apparatus 360 is provided with a water tank 362 to which water to be treated is supplied from a water supply line 361 to be treated.
Further, the water treatment apparatus 360 of the third embodiment includes a plurality of hollow fiber membrane modules 310 arranged so as to be immersed in standing water in the water to be treated in the water tank 362 to be treated, and these hollow fiber membrane modules 310. The permeated water take-out line 363 has a suction pump 363a and sucks the inside of the hollow fiber membrane by the suction pump 363a to perform solid-liquid separation by membrane filtration of the water to be treated to derive permeated water. A membrane separation apparatus having
Furthermore, in the water treatment device 360 of the third embodiment, a blower 364a for sending air to the tubular body 351 of the hollow fiber membrane module 310 and a sediment discharge line for discharging the sediment in the water tank 362 to be treated. 365.

The permeated water extraction line 363 includes a water collecting pipe 363b connected to the permeated water outlet 332a of each hollow fiber membrane module 310, a water collecting header pipe 363c communicating with each water collecting pipe 363b, and a permeated water extracting pipe 363d.

The blower 364a is connected to an air transport pipe 364b that supplies air pressurized by the blower 364a, and the air transport pipe 364b is a tubular tube that is inserted vertically into each hollow fiber membrane module. The body 351 is connected to the air supply pipe 364c.
The lower end portion of the tubular body 351 is embedded and fixed in the plate-like body 324 of each hollow fiber membrane module 310.
Each hollow fiber membrane module 310 is installed such that the entire upper fixing member 330 is positioned below the water surface.

In such a membrane separator of the water treatment device 360, normally, the water to be treated is membrane-separated (filtered) by the hollow fiber membrane by sucking the inside of the hollow fiber membrane by the suction pump 363a, and the permeated water is permeated. Membrane separation that is led out through the water withdrawal line 363 can be performed.
On the other hand, in the water treatment device 360, air scrubbing for removing suspended matters and the like attached to the surface of the hollow fiber membrane can be performed by air sent from the blower 364a.
Further, the precipitate in the water tank 362 of the water treatment device 360 is discharged from the precipitate discharge line 365.

More specifically, in the membrane separation device, when the inside of the hollow fiber is sucked by the suction pump 363a, the water to be treated is filtered by the hollow fiber membrane, and the permeated water is provided at the upper and lower positions of the hollow fiber membrane module 311. The upper and lower water collecting portions 335 and 325 (shown in FIG. 14) are respectively collected.
The permeated water accommodated in the lower water collecting part 325 is transferred to the upper water collecting part 335 by the permeated water pipe 340, and the collected water attached to the permeated water outlet 332a together with the permeated water collected in the upper water collecting part 335. The water pipe 363b is taken out through the water collection header pipe 363c and the permeated water take-out pipe 363d.
Thus, since permeated water can be collected from the upper and lower sides of the hollow fiber membrane module 310, membrane separation can be performed efficiently.

On the other hand, air is supplied from the blower 364a to the lower part of the tubular body 351 extending into the hollow fiber membrane module 310 through the air transport pipe 364b, and bubbles are diffused from the air diffuser holes 352 to the hollow fiber membrane 311. The
At this time, since the air diffusion holes 352 are formed on the peripheral surface of the tubular body 351, a flow of bubbles is generated in the horizontal direction in the vicinity of the air diffusion holes 352, and thereafter, the flow of the bubbles changes in a direction of rising by buoyancy ( (Shown in FIG. 20).
That is, the hollow fiber membrane 311 is shaken by the bubbles flowing in various directions depending on the position in contact with the bubbles, and air scrubbing is performed more effectively.

Since the water treatment device 360 of the third embodiment can collect the permeated water from both the upper and lower sides of the hollow fiber membrane as described above and can diffuse into the hollow fiber membrane 311 without disturbing the collection of the permeated water, Air scrubbing can be done effectively.

4th Embodiment Next, the hollow fiber membrane module, water treatment apparatus, and water treatment method of 4th Embodiment are demonstrated.

By the way, various types of conventional hollow fiber membrane modules are known. For example, a plurality of hollow fiber membranes extending in the vertical direction, and formed inside the hollow fiber membranes above the hollow fiber membranes. An upper water passage communicating with the hollow region, a lower water passage formed below the hollow fiber membrane and communicated with the hollow region inside the hollow fiber membrane, and bubbles are generated at the lower end side of the hollow fiber membrane. And a ventilation chamber formed below the hollow fiber membrane for supplying gas to the air diffusion hole, and immersed in the water to be treated to perform membrane separation of the water to be treated. Therefore, it is known that the permeated water permeated from the outside to the inside of the hollow fiber membrane is collected from both the upper and lower sides through the upper water passage and the lower water passage (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-260707). 2003-326140 (Patent Document 2)).

Such a hollow fiber membrane module is provided with a permeated water extraction line for collecting permeated water taken from both the upper and lower sides of the hollow fiber membrane. In addition, a gas supply line for supplying gas to the vent chamber communicating with the air diffuser is attached to generate bubbles from the air diffuser and remove the deposits attached to the outer surface of the hollow fiber membrane.

However, since such a hollow fiber membrane module is provided with a permeate take-out line and a gas supply line, in a water treatment apparatus provided with a plurality of such hollow fiber membrane modules, these lines attached to each module. Occupies a relatively large area in the device. Therefore, in such a water treatment apparatus, there exists a problem that a hollow fiber membrane cannot necessarily be arrange | positioned with sufficient high density.

The fourth embodiment has an object to provide a hollow fiber membrane module in which the hollow fiber membranes can be arranged at a relatively high density in view of the above-described problems. It is another object of the present invention to provide a water treatment apparatus that can dispose hollow fiber membranes at a relatively high density. It is another object of the present invention to provide a water treatment method capable of membrane separation by arranging hollow fiber membranes at a relatively high density.

<4-1 embodiment>
First, a 4-1 embodiment of the hollow fiber membrane module according to the present invention will be described. FIG. 24 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the hollow fiber membrane module 401 according to the 4-1 embodiment in the same standing state as in use. FIG. 25 is an enlarged view of a portion surrounded by a broken line in FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross section (transverse cross section) of the hollow fiber membrane module 401 taken along the line AA in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 24, the hollow fiber membrane module 401 according to the 4-1 embodiment includes a plurality of hollow fiber membranes 402 extending in the vertical direction and upper and lower ends of the hollow fiber membranes 402 in an open state. An upper fixing member 405 and a lower fixing member 406 to be fixed, an upper water passage 407 formed above the upper fixing member 405 and communicated with a hollow region inside the hollow fiber membrane, and formed below the lower fixing member 406 A lower water flow chamber 408 communicating with a hollow region inside the hollow fiber membrane, an air diffuser hole 410 formed so as to generate bubbles 411 on the lower end side of the hollow fiber membrane 402, and a lower fixing member 406 And a vent chamber 413 that is formed below and supplies gas to the air diffuser hole 410.

A plurality of the hollow fiber membrane modules 401 are arranged and used in parallel, and penetrate from the outside to the inside of the hollow fiber membrane 402 so as to be immersed in the water to be treated and to perform membrane separation of the water to be treated. The permeated water is collected from both above and below via the upper water passage 407 and the lower water passage 408.

Further, the hollow fiber membrane module 401 includes an upper connecting member 403 that covers the upper fixing member 405 and the upper water passage chamber 407 and connects the adjacent ones to each other, the lower fixing member 406, and the lower water passage chamber 408. And an upper connecting member 404 that covers the ventilation chamber 413 and connects the adjacent ones to each other. In a state where the upper connecting members 403 and the upper connecting members 404 are connected to each other, the upper water passing chambers 407, the lower water passing chambers 408, and the venting chambers 413 are connected to each other. Is formed.

The upper connecting member 403 is formed in a hollow cubic shape opened downward by an upper surface portion having a substantially square shape when viewed from above and a side wall portion extending downward from the outer periphery thereof.
The upper fixing member 405 and the upper water flow chamber 407 are disposed in a space surrounded by the upper surface portion and the side wall portion of the upper connecting member 403. That is, the upper connecting member 403 is disposed so as to cover the upper fixing member 405 and the upper water flow chamber 407 from above and from the side.

The upper connecting member 404 is formed in a hollow cubic shape opened upward by a lower surface portion having a substantially square shape when viewed from the lower surface and a side wall portion extending upward from the outer periphery thereof.
The lower fixing member 406, the lower water flow chamber 408, and the ventilation chamber 413 are disposed in a space surrounded by the lower surface portion and the side wall portion of the upper connecting member 404. That is, the upper connecting member 404 is disposed so as to cover the lower fixing member 406, the lower water flow chamber 408, and the ventilation chamber 413 from below and from the side.

Between the upper connecting member 403 and the upper connecting member 404, a plurality of hollow fiber membranes 402 are fixed so that the upper end side is fixed by the upper fixing member 405 and the lower end side is fixed by the lower fixing member 406. Arranged in the direction.

Inside the upper connecting member 403, a cylindrical upper cap portion 418 having a circular shape when viewed from above and opened downward is disposed. The upper cap portion 418 is fixed to the upper connecting member 403 inside the upper connecting member 403.

The upper fixing member 405 is arranged and fixed inside the upper cap portion 418 so that a space exists above the upper end surface of the upper fixing member 405 formed in a substantially columnar shape. Further, the outer peripheral surface of the upper fixing member 405 is joined to the inner surface of the upper cap portion 418 in a close contact state. Therefore, the space surrounded by the inner surface of the upper cap portion 418 and the upper end surface of the upper fixing member 405 has water tightness. Thus, when the hollow fiber membrane module 401 is immersed in the water to be membrane-separated, the water to be treated is prevented from entering the space.

The upper fixing member 405 is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape by the upper end portion of the hollow fiber membrane 402 and the solidified adhesive. Moreover, the hollow fiber membranes 402 bundled so as to be bundled together are formed so as to be fixed so that the edge of the upper end portion is flush. That is, as shown in FIG. 25, the upper fixing member 405 is formed such that the upper end portion of the hollow fiber membrane 402 penetrates in the vertical direction and the hollow fiber membrane 402 opens at the upper surface.

Since the hollow fiber membrane 402 is open on the upper surface of the upper fixing member 405, the hollow fiber membrane is surrounded by a hollow region inside the hollow fiber membrane, the inner surface of the upper cap portion 418, and the upper end surface of the upper fixing member 405. It communicates with the space. The space has water tightness as described above and functions as the upper water flow chamber 407.

In the upper water flow chamber 407, as shown in FIG. 26, at least two water flow ports 409 for discharging the permeated water that has passed through the hollow fiber membrane 402 from the hollow fiber membrane module 401 and collecting the water are formed. ing.
The water inlet 409 is formed so as to penetrate the side wall portion of the upper connecting member 403 and the side wall portion of the upper cap portion 418 in the horizontal direction. Further, in a state where the upper connecting members 403 are connected to each other, the water to be treated enters the upper water passage chamber 407 and the permeated water in the upper water passage chamber 407 is prevented from leaking to the outside. It is formed to have water tightness.
By connecting the plurality of hollow fiber membrane modules 401 in a straight line as viewed from above so that the water passages 409 formed in the side wall portions of the upper connecting member 403 face each other, The water flow chamber 407 can be communicated.

The lower cap portion 419 is formed in the same manner as the upper cap portion 418, and is disposed inside the upper connecting member 404 with the upper cap portion 418 having a reverse vertical direction. Specifically, it is formed in a circular shape in a bottom view and opened upward, and is arranged inside the upper connecting member 404 and fixed to the upper connecting member 404.
Further, the lower fixing member 406 is arranged and fixed inside the lower cap portion 419 so that a space exists below the lower end surface of the lower fixing member 406 formed in a substantially columnar shape. . Further, the outer peripheral surface of the lower fixing member 406 is joined to the inner surface of the lower cap portion 419 in close contact. Therefore, the space surrounded by the inner surface of the lower cap portion 419 and the upper end surface of the upper fixing member 405 has water tightness, and the treated water is prevented from entering the space.

The lower fixing member 406 is different from the upper fixing member 405 in that the direction in the vertical direction is reversed, but is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape by the lower end portion of the hollow fiber membrane 402 and the solidified adhesive. The hollow fiber membranes 402 bundled so as to be bundled together are fixed so that the edge of the lower end portion is flush with the lower end portion of the hollow fiber membrane 402. It is formed in the same manner as the upper fixing member 405 in that it penetrates in the vertical direction and the hollow fiber membrane 402 is formed in an open state on the lower surface.

The lower water flow chamber 408 is formed in a hollow, substantially cylindrical shape using metal, synthetic resin, or the like.
Further, as shown in FIG. 24, it is disposed in a space surrounded by the inner surface of the lower cap part 419 and the lower surface of the lower fixing member 406, that is, below the lower fixing member 406.
In the lower water flow chamber 408, as shown in FIG. 26, at least two water flow ports 409 for discharging the permeated water that has permeated through the hollow fiber membrane 402 from the hollow fiber membrane module 401 and collecting the water are formed. ing. The water inlet 409 is formed to penetrate the side wall portion of the upper connecting member 404 and the side wall portion of the lower cap portion 419 in the horizontal direction. Further, in a state where the adjacent upper connecting members 404 are connected to each other, it is possible to prevent the water to be treated from entering the lower water passing chamber 408 and the permeated water in the lower water passing chamber 408 from being leaked to the outside. It is formed to have watertightness.

The vent chamber 413 includes a vent chamber main body 414 formed in a hollow cylindrical shape having a circular shape when viewed from above, and a hollow that extends outward from a side surface of the vent chamber main body 414 and communicates with an internal space of the vent chamber main body 414. 24, and is formed of metal, synthetic resin, or the like. Further, as shown in FIG. 24, the inner surface of the lower cap portion 419 and the lower end surface of the lower fixing member 406 are formed. It is arranged below the lower water passage 408 in the enclosed space.

Two vent chamber communication pipes 415 of the vent chamber 413 are arranged along the diameter direction of the vent chamber body 414 that is circular when viewed from above. In addition, as shown in FIG. 26, the vent chamber communication pipe 415 of the vent chamber 413 is used for taking in the supplied gas or sending the gas supplied to the vent chamber 413 to the vent chamber 413 of the adjacent module. A vent 416 is formed.
The vent hole 416 is formed to penetrate the side wall portion of the upper connecting member 404 and the side wall portion of the lower cap portion 419 in the horizontal direction. Further, in a state where the adjacent upper connecting members 404 are connected to each other, it is formed to have a sealing property so that the gas does not leak into the water to be treated and the water to be treated does not enter the ventilation chamber 413. Yes.

As shown in FIG. 26, the water flow port 409 of the lower water flow chamber 408 and the air flow port 416 of the ventilation chamber 413 are arranged at positions where they overlap when the hollow fiber membrane module 401 is viewed from above. The plurality of hollow fiber membrane modules 401 are linearly viewed in the horizontal direction so that the water passages 409 and the air vents 416 formed in the side wall portions of the upper connecting member 404 face each other. By arranging and connecting to each other, the lower water flow chambers 408 and the ventilation chambers 413 can be communicated with each other.

In addition, when the hollow fiber membrane module 401 is connected and is a connected body as will be described later, in the hollow fiber membrane module positioned at the end of the connected body, the water inlets 409 of the upper and lower water passing chambers and the vent chambers The vent 416 can be open. In this case, the watertightness of the water flow chamber and the airtightness of the air flow chamber can be maintained by closing the water flow port 409 and the vent hole 416 with an appropriate means.

As shown in FIG. 24, the ventilation chamber 413 is provided with a diffusion tube 412 for sending gas to the diffusion hole 410, and the internal space of the ventilation chamber 413 through the internal space of the diffusion tube 412. Communicates with the diffuser holes 410. The ventilation chamber 413 functions to supply the supplied gas to the diffuser holes 410 via the diffuser pipe 412.

The air diffuser 412 is formed so as to penetrate the lower water flow chamber 408 and the lower fixing member 406 in the vertical direction and reach the air diffuser hole 410.

The air diffusion hole 410 is generally formed in an annular shape when viewed from above, and is formed so as to diffuse the gas supplied from the ventilation chamber 413 through the air diffusion tube 412 as bubbles 411. The air diffusion hole 410 is usually formed near the upper end surface of the lower fixing member 406.

The number of the air diffusion holes 410 can be set as appropriate so that the bubbles 411 are distributed throughout the hollow fiber membrane 402, and it is preferable that the number of the air diffusion holes 410 is plural as shown in FIG. In the case where a plurality of air diffusion holes 410 are formed, the position of each air diffusion hole 410 can be appropriately set. Each air diffusion hole 410 has a square shape when viewed from above, for example, as shown in FIG. It can arrange | position so that it may be located in the vertex.

The size of the air diffusion hole 410 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a diameter of 3 to 25 mm. In addition, by making the air diffuser 410 small, the flow velocity of the gas passing through the air diffuser 410 can be increased, and the bubbles 411 can be brought into contact with the outer surface of the hollow fiber membrane 402 more vigorously.

<4-2th Embodiment>
Next, a 4-2 embodiment of the hollow fiber membrane module according to the present invention will be described. FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view showing a horizontal cross section (transverse cross section) of the hollow fiber membrane module 401 of the 4-2 embodiment.

The hollow fiber membrane module of the 4-1 embodiment is formed at four locations so that each air diffusion hole 410 is located at the apex of a square as shown in FIG. 26 when viewed from above. On the other hand, the hollow fiber membrane module 401 of the 4-2 embodiment is different in that a plurality of air diffusion holes 410 are arranged so as to draw “X” as shown in FIG.

Further, the hollow fiber membrane module according to the fourth to fourth embodiments is formed at a position where the water flow port 409 of the lower water flow chamber 408 and the gas supply port of the air flow chamber 413 overlap when viewed from above. On the other hand, in the hollow fiber membrane module 401 of the 4-2 embodiment, as shown in FIG. 27, when viewed from above, the penetration direction of the water passage 409 and the penetration direction of the gas supply port intersect at right angles. Is different.
By using the hollow fiber membrane module 401 having such a configuration, a plurality of modules can be connected vertically and horizontally so as to draw a square lattice, for example.

<4-3 Embodiment>
Furthermore, a fourth to third embodiment of the hollow fiber membrane module according to the present invention will be described. FIG. 28 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the hollow fiber membrane module 401 according to the fourth to third embodiments in the same standing state as in use. FIG. 29 is a cross-sectional view showing a horizontal cross section (transverse cross section) of the hollow fiber membrane module 401 taken along the line BB of FIG.

As shown in FIG. 28, the hollow fiber membrane module 401 of the fourth to third embodiment is a tubular support member that extends in the vertical direction and is fixed at both ends by the upper fixing member 405 and the lower fixing member 406, respectively. It differs from the hollow fiber membrane module of the above-mentioned 4-1 embodiment in that two 417 are provided.
As shown in FIG. 29, the support member 417 is provided as a pair at a position closer to the outer side of the circular region where the hollow fiber membrane 402 is disposed when the hollow fiber membrane module 401 is viewed from above. Yes. The support member 417 is fixed in an open state on the upper end surface of the upper fixing member 405 and on the lower end surface of the lower fixing member 406. The upper water passage 407 and the lower water passage 408 communicate with each other through a hollow region inside the support member.

Since the upper water passage 407, the upper fixing member 405, and the upper connecting member 403 are supported by the upper connecting member 404 and the lower fixing member 406 by the support member 417, the support for supporting the upper fixing member 405 and the like. The need for providing a separate means is reduced.
Further, since the upper water flow chamber 407 and the lower water flow chamber 408 are communicated with each other by the support member 417, the permeated water can be collected more smoothly.

The hollow fiber membrane module 401 may be provided with a valve that opens the air diffuser hole 410 when the gas supplied to the air diffuser hole 410 exceeds a predetermined pressure. Specifically, for example, by providing a check valve in the diffuser hole 410, bubbles can be generated intermittently, and the impact force of the bubbles against the hollow fiber membrane can be increased or decreased.

Subsequently, an embodiment of the water treatment apparatus of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 30 is a schematic view showing a water treatment device 430 of the fourth embodiment provided with the hollow fiber membrane module 401. FIG. 31 is a schematic plan view illustrating a modification of the water treatment device 430 according to the fourth embodiment as viewed from above.

As shown in FIG. 30, the water treatment apparatus 430 of the fourth embodiment includes a treated water supply line 425 that supplies the treated water 420 and a treated water tank 424 that stores the supplied treated water 420. Is provided.

Further, in the water treatment device 430, as shown in FIG. 30, a plurality of the hollow fiber membrane modules of the 4-1 embodiment immersed in standing water in the water to be treated 420 in the water tank 424 to be treated. 401 are arranged so as to be adjacent to each other. Specifically, the plurality of hollow fiber membrane modules 401 are arranged and connected so as to be arranged in a straight line (in parallel) in a straight line when viewed from above, and are installed as a connected body. . In order to maintain the connected state of the hollow fiber membrane module 401 in the water tank 424 to be treated, the upper connection member 403 and the upper connection member 404 of each hollow fiber membrane module 401 are fixed by holding means (not shown). Has been.

Further, as shown in FIG. 30, the water treatment device 430 is connected to a suction pump 440 for sucking the inside of the hollow fiber membrane so as to obtain permeated water by filtering the water to be treated 420 through the hollow fiber membrane. A part of the water flow chamber of the hollow fiber membrane module 401 thus formed (one of the edges connected in a straight line) and the permeate discharge line 421 connected to the suction pump 440; A blower 450 for supplying a gas such as air to generate bubbles from the air diffuser, a part of the vent chamber 413 of the connected hollow fiber membrane module 401 and a gas supply line 422 connected to the blower 450. And a sediment discharge line 423 connected to the bottom of the water tank 424 to discharge the sediment in the water tank 424 to be treated.

One of the permeated water extraction lines 421 is connected to the suction pump 440, and the other is connected to the water flow ports 409 of the upper and lower

water flow chambers

407 and 408 in the hollow fiber membrane module 401, and the permeation in the

water flow chambers

407 and 408. It is configured to collect water. The other of the permeated water extraction line 421 does not need to be connected to the water passage ports 409 of all the hollow fiber membrane modules. For example, among the plurality of hollow fiber membrane modules 401 connected as shown in FIG. What is necessary is just to be connected to the water flow port 409 of the hollow fiber membrane module 401 located in the end. By comprising in this way, permeated water can be collected through the

water flow chambers

407 and 408 of a plurality of modules communicating with each other inside the upper and lower connecting members in the module connection body. In this case, the water passage port 409 on the other side of the coupling body (the side where the permeated water extraction line 421 is not connected) is sealed to have water tightness by an appropriate means.

The gas supply line 422 has one end connected to the blower 450 and the other end connected to the vent 416 of the vent chamber 413 in the hollow fiber membrane module 401 so as to supply gas to the vent chamber 413. The other of the gas supply lines 422 need not be connected to the vents 416 of all the hollow fiber membrane modules. For example, the most of the plurality of hollow fiber membrane modules 401 connected as shown in FIG. What is necessary is just to be connected to the vent 416 of the hollow fiber membrane module 401 located in the end. By being configured in this way, air can be simultaneously supplied to the air diffusion holes of the plurality of modules through the plurality of ventilation chambers 413 communicating inside the upper and lower connection members in the connection body of the modules. In this case, the vent 416 on the other side of the coupling body (the side to which the gas supply line 422 is not connected) is sealed so as to have a sealing property by an appropriate means.

As the suction pump 440 and the blower 450, conventionally known general ones can be adopted.

Further, in the water treatment apparatus 430, as shown in FIG. 31, a connection body in which the hollow fiber membrane modules 401 of the plurality of the fourth to fourth embodiments described above are arranged and connected in a straight line in the horizontal direction. In addition, a plurality of connectors may be arranged in a direction orthogonal to the direction in which the connected bodies are arranged.
In such a water treatment device 430, since the hollow fiber membrane modules 401 are arranged at a higher density, and as a result, the hollow fiber membranes 402 are arranged at a higher density, membrane separation of the treated water 420 is more efficient. Can be done automatically.

The water treatment device 430 may be configured such that the pressure of the gas supplied to the air diffuser hole 410 can be changed to change the size or ejection strength of the bubbles 411. Specifically, in the water treatment device 430, for example, a blower configured to change the pressure of the gas to be supplied while being controlled by inverter control can be employed as the blower 450. Further, the blower 450 set to repeat the operation and the stop can be employed. In addition, the gas supply line 422 may be configured so that gas supply can be intermittently performed by opening and closing a valve installed in the line. Since the water treatment device 430 is configured to change the size or the jetting strength of the bubbles 411, the deposits attached to the outer surface of the hollow fiber membrane 402 are more easily removed by the bubbles 411. obtain.

Here, a reference form of the water treatment apparatus will be described. FIG. 32 shows a plurality of hollow fiber membrane units in the water treatment apparatus of the present embodiment and a plurality of air diffusion units formed so as to diffuse into the hollow fiber membranes so that they are arranged in a straight line in the horizontal direction. It is the perspective view which looked at the mode connected to No. 2 from the slanting upper part.

The water treatment apparatus of the present embodiment has a hollow formed in the same manner as the hollow fiber membrane module 401 of the above-mentioned 4-1 embodiment except that it has a ventilation chamber 413 but does not have a diffuser hole 410 and a diffuser pipe 412. A thread membrane unit 431 is provided. In addition, an air diffusion unit 432 formed in the same manner as the hollow fiber membrane module 401 of the above-described fourth to third embodiments is provided except that it does not have a hollow fiber membrane and has one support member 417. Note that the air diffusion unit 432 may include a plurality of support members 417.

As shown in FIG. 32, the water treatment apparatus of the present embodiment includes a continuous body formed by the hollow fiber membrane unit 431 and the air diffusion unit 432 adjacent to each other. In the water treatment apparatus, the embodiment described above is used. Similarly to the water treatment apparatus, the water to be treated 420 is separated by the hollow fiber membrane, and the permeated water that has permeated the hollow fiber membrane can be collected.

In the water treatment device of the present embodiment, the air diffusion hole 410 is not formed in the hollow fiber membrane unit 431 constituting the device, and the hollow fiber membrane is not fixed to the air diffusion unit 432. The hollow fiber membrane unit 431 and the aeration unit 432 are each formed with a relatively simple structure. In the water treatment apparatus in which such two types of units are alternately connected so as to be arranged in a straight line in the horizontal direction, the hollow fiber membranes can be arranged at a relatively high density, similarly to the water treatment apparatus of the above-described embodiment. . Further, not only the air diffusion unit 432 but also the hollow fiber membrane unit 431 can be supported and maintained in an upright state by the support member 417 provided in the air diffusion unit 432.
The water treatment apparatus preferably includes a bubble diffusion preventing plate 433 as shown in FIG. 32 in order to cause the bubbles 411 generated from the diffusion holes 410 of the diffusion unit 432 to collide with the hollow fiber membrane as much as possible.

The hollow fiber membrane unit 431 is provided with a ventilation chamber in a space surrounded by the inner surface of the lower cap portion 419 and the lower surface of the lower fixing member 406 so as to penetrate the space in the horizontal direction. The form in which the part other than the chamber is a lower water passage may be used. On the other hand, the air diffusion unit 432 adjacent to the hollow fiber membrane unit 431 is configured to pass the permeated water separated by the adjacent hollow fiber membrane unit 431 when the hollow fiber membrane unit 431 has such a configuration. A water chamber is provided, and the water flow chamber can be configured to communicate with the water flow chamber of the adjacent hollow fiber membrane unit 431. The space surrounding the tubular water flow chamber of the air diffusion unit 432 is formed to communicate with the air flow chamber of the adjacent hollow fiber membrane unit 431 and is configured to be a gas flow chamber that can supply gas to the air diffusion holes. Yes.
On the other hand, the hollow fiber membrane unit 431 has a permeated water supply pipe formed so as to pass through the adjacent air diffusion unit 432 and send the permeated water to another hollow fiber membrane unit 431 adjacent to the air diffusion unit 432. It may be a form provided. On the other hand, when the hollow fiber membrane unit 431 has such a configuration, the air diffusion unit 432 penetrates through the adjacent hollow fiber membrane unit 431 or passes through the outside thereof, and another air diffusion unit adjacent to the hollow fiber membrane unit 431. 432 may be provided with a gas supply pipe formed to send gas to 432.
In the hollow fiber membrane unit 431 having such a configuration, most of the space surrounded by the inner surface of the lower cap portion 419 and the lower surface of the lower fixing member 406 is a lower water passage, and the lower water passage is adjacent to the lower water passage. It forms so that it may have the space which lets the gas supply pipe | tube of the diffuser unit 432 to pass. Further, the air diffuser unit 432 having such a configuration includes a vent chamber that is formed so as to communicate with the vent chamber of another air diffuser unit 432 via the gas supply pipe and can supply gas to the diffuser hole. However, it forms so that it may have the space which lets the permeated water supply pipe | tube of the adjacent hollow fiber membrane unit 431 pass.

Next, an embodiment of the water treatment method of the present invention will be described. A schematic diagram of devices used in the water treatment method of the fourth embodiment is as shown in FIG.

In the water treatment method of the fourth embodiment, the treated water 420 is supplied from the treated water supply line 425 to the treated water tank 424, and a plurality of hollow fiber membrane modules 401 immersed in and connected to the treated water 420 are used. Then, the treated water 420 is subjected to membrane separation (membrane filtration) with a hollow fiber membrane to obtain permeated water.
Moreover, the deposit in the water tank 424 to be treated is discharged from the deposit discharge line 423.

In the water treatment method, the inside of the hollow fiber membrane is sucked by the suction pump 440 to separate the treated water 420 with the hollow fiber membrane (membrane filtration), and the permeate is collected through the permeate discharge line 421. To do.
Specifically, in the water treatment method, the water to be treated 420 is filtered through a hollow fiber membrane by sucking the inside of the hollow fiber membrane with the suction pump 440, and the filtered permeated water is passed through the hollow fiber membrane module 401. To the upper water passage or the lower water passage provided at the upper and lower positions. Then, the permeated water in the upper or lower water flow chamber is guided to the upper or lower water flow chamber of the adjacent hollow fiber membrane module 401 by the suction force of the suction pump 440, and finally the permeated water is taken out. Permeate is continuously collected through line 421.

Further, in the water treatment method, by supplying a gas such as air from the blower 450 to the diffuser holes, bubbles are generated from the diffuser holes, and the suspended matter adhered to the outer surface of the hollow fiber membrane by the bubbles. Remove deposits derived from etc. Note that the gas supply may be performed continuously or intermittently.
Specifically, in the water treatment method, air is supplied from the blower 450 to the part of the ventilation chambers 413 of the plurality of hollow fiber membrane modules 401 through the gas supply line 422. Thereby, air can be supplied also to the ventilation chamber of the adjacent hollow fiber membrane module 401. That is, air can be simultaneously supplied to the ventilation chambers of the plurality of hollow fiber membrane modules 401. Then, air bubbles are generated from the air diffusion holes by the air supplied from the ventilation chamber, and the adhering matter derived from the suspension adhering to the outer surface of the hollow fiber membrane is removed by the air bubbles.

The hollow fiber membrane module, water treatment apparatus and water treatment method of the above embodiment are as exemplified above, but the present invention is limited to the above exemplified hollow fiber membrane module, water treatment apparatus and water treatment method. is not.
Moreover, the various aspects used in a general hollow fiber membrane module, a water treatment apparatus, and a water treatment method are employable in the range which does not impair the effect of this invention.

10: Hollow fiber membrane module, 11: Hollow fiber membrane, 20: Upper fixing member, 20a: (Upper) water collecting chamber, 21: Upper plate, 21a: Upper surface, 21r: Polymer part, 21w: Outer peripheral surface, 22 : Cap material, 22c: top surface part, 22d: opening part, 22s: opening part, 22w: peripheral wall part, 30: lower fixing member, 30a: (lower part) water collecting chamber, 30b: gas storage chamber, 30r: ring, 31: Lower plate-like body, 31a: upper surface, 31b: lower surface, 31f: overhang portion, 31s: sealing member, 31w: peripheral wall portion, 33: cylindrical member, 33h: through hole, 33n: projecting portion, 33p: partition wall, 33s : Seal member, 33w: peripheral side wall, 33w1: flange portion, 33x: bubble passage, 40p: air supply pipe, 41: hollow body, 50: air supply pipe, 60: water treatment device, 61: water to be treated supply line, 62: Water tank to be treated, 63 Permeated water extraction line, 63a: Suction pump, 63b: Water collection pipe, 63c: Water collection header pipe, 63d: Permeated water extraction pipe, 64: Air supply line, 64a: Air supply source, 64b: Air transport pipe, 64d: Air Transport branch pipe, 65: sediment discharge line, AO: air diffuser, CL: clamp, S: support member,
210: hollow fiber membrane module, 211: hollow fiber membrane, 211a: hollow fiber membrane bundle, 220: upper fixing member, 220a: space (upper water collecting chamber), 221: (upper) plate-like body, 221a: upper surface, 221w: outer peripheral surface, 222: cap material, 222c: top surface portion, 222s: opening, 222w: peripheral wall portion, 230: lower fixing member, 230a: space (lower water collecting chamber), 231: (lower) plate-like body, 231a: upper surface, 231b: lower surface, 232: cap material, 232b: bottom surface portion, 240: diffuser member, 240p: pipe body, 240p: air supply pipe, 241: hollow body, 241b: bottom wall, 241c: circular base body portion, 241e: rising part, 241p: tubular part, 241r: ceiling wall, 241w: peripheral side wall, 250: air supply pipe, 251: branch pipe part, 260: water treatment device, 261: treated water supply line, 2 2: Water tank to be treated, 263a: Suction pump, 263b: Water collecting pipe, 263c: Water collecting header pipe, 263d: Permeated water outlet pipe, 264: Air supply line, 264a: Air supply source, 264b: Air transport pipe, 264d: Air transport branch pipe, 265: sediment discharge line, 200AB: air bubbles, 200AO: air diffuser, 200AL: groove, 200P: water pipe, 200S: support member, 200Se: extension pipe,
310: Hollow fiber membrane module, 311: Hollow fiber membrane, 320: Lower fixing member, 321, 331: Cylindrical body, 321a, 331a: Flange, 322: Circular lower plate, 324, 334: Plate body, 324a, 334a : Flange portion, 325: lower water collecting portion, 326a, 326b, 336a, 336b: O-ring, 327, 337: annular fixing member, 330: upper fixing member, 332: circular upper plate, 332a: permeate outlet, 332b: Tubular body mounting hole, 332c: outer peripheral surface, 332d: inner peripheral surface, 334b: upper surface, 335 upper water collecting portion, 340 (340a, 340b, 340c): permeate pipe, 351: tubular body, 351a: screw groove portion (screw) Part), 352: air diffuser, 360: water treatment device, 361: treated water supply line, 362: treated water tank, 363: permeated water extraction line 363a: Suction pump, 363b: Water collection pipe, 363c: Water collection header pipe, 363d: Permeate discharge pipe, 364a: Blower, 364b: Air transport pipe, 364c: Air supply pipe, 365: Sediment discharge line, 300BS: Valve Socket, 300C: caulking agent, 300L1 to 300L3: radiation, 300N: nut, 300P: packing, 300S: socket, 300T: seal tape,
401: Hollow fiber membrane module, 402: Hollow fiber membrane, 403: Upper connecting member, 404: Lower connecting member, 405: Upper fixing member, 406: Lower fixing member, 407: Upper water passage, 408: Lower water passage 409: Water vent, 410: Air diffuser, 411: Air bubble, 412: Air diffuser, 413: Vent chamber, 414: Vent chamber main body, 415: Vent chamber communication tube, 416: Vent, 417: Support member, 418: Upper cap part, 419: lower cap part, 420: treated water, 421: permeated water extraction line, 422: gas supply line, 423: sediment discharge line, 424: treated water tank, 425: treated water supply line, 430: Water treatment device, 431: Hollow fiber membrane unit, 432: Air diffusion unit, 433: Bubble diffusion prevention plate, 440: Suction pump, 450: Blower

Claims

A hollow fiber membrane module having a plurality of hollow fiber membranes extending in the vertical direction and used by being immersed in water,
An air diffusion mechanism that can diffuse into the hollow fiber membrane, an upper water passage formed above the hollow fiber membrane and communicated with a hollow region inside the hollow fiber membrane, and formed below the hollow fiber membrane A lower water passage communicating with a hollow region inside the hollow fiber membrane, and collects permeated water permeated from the outside to the inside of the hollow fiber membrane through the upper water passage and the lower water passage. A hollow fiber membrane module characterized by being formed so as to be able to perform.
A water treatment apparatus having a plurality of hollow fiber membranes extending in the vertical direction and provided with a hollow fiber membrane module used by being immersed in water,
An air diffusion mechanism in which the hollow fiber membrane module can diffuse into the hollow fiber membrane, an upper water passage formed above the hollow fiber membrane and communicated with a hollow region inside the hollow fiber membrane, and the hollow fiber A lower water passage formed below the membrane and communicating with a hollow region inside the hollow fiber membrane, and is transmitted from the outside to the inside of the hollow fiber membrane through the upper water passage and the lower water passage. A water treatment device formed so as to collect collected permeated water.
A water treatment method using a hollow fiber membrane module having a plurality of hollow fiber membranes extending in the vertical direction and used by being immersed in water,
An air diffusion mechanism in which the hollow fiber membrane module can diffuse into the hollow fiber membrane, an upper water passage formed above the hollow fiber membrane and communicated with a hollow region inside the hollow fiber membrane, and the hollow fiber A lower water passage formed below the membrane and communicating with a hollow region inside the hollow fiber membrane, and is transmitted from the outside to the inside of the hollow fiber membrane through the upper water passage and the lower water passage. A water treatment method characterized by being formed so that collected permeated water can be collected.
An upper fixing member for fixing an upper end portion of the hollow fiber membrane so that a plurality of hollow fiber membranes can be immersed in the water to be treated in a state in which the hollow fiber membranes are extended in the vertical direction so as to perform membrane separation of the water to be treated; A lower fixing member that fixes a lower end portion, the upper fixing member has a water collection chamber above a fixing portion that fixes the hollow fiber membrane, and the lower fixing member fixes the hollow fiber membrane. A water collecting chamber below the fixed portion, the hollow region inside the hollow fiber membrane communicates with both the upper and lower water collecting chambers, and the permeated water permeated from the outside to the inside of the hollow fiber membrane is moved up and down. A hollow fiber membrane module that is formed so that water can be collected from both, and further includes an air diffusion mechanism that generates bubbles on the lower end side of the hollow fiber membrane,
The lower fixing member further includes a gas storage chamber provided below the water collection chamber, and a bubble passage extending from the gas storage chamber through the water collection chamber to the upper surface side of the fixing portion. The gas storage chamber is provided with a gas diffusion mechanism in which gas is stored, the stored gas is floated through the bubble passage, and bubbles are generated above the fixed portion. A hollow fiber membrane module.
The lower fixing member includes a cylindrical member for defining the water collection chamber and the gas storage chamber, and a plate-like body constituting the fixing portion, and the plate-like body is disposed in a horizontal direction. The hollow fiber membrane is penetrated from the upper surface side to the lower surface side and fixed in a state where the hollow fiber membrane is opened on the lower surface side, and the plate-like body has a through-hole penetrating in the thickness direction. The cylindrical member is provided with a cylindrical peripheral side wall having an inner diameter that can be externally fitted to the plate-like body from below and a partition wall that divides the inside of the peripheral side wall vertically. The partition wall protrudes upward at a position corresponding to a position where a through-hole is formed in the plate-like body, has a distal end smaller in diameter than the through-hole, and a proximal end from the through-hole. Has a large-diameter projection, and the tip of the projection is inserted into the through-hole from below. The protruding portion and the opening edge of the through hole are in contact with each other to form the water collecting chamber surrounded by the peripheral side wall between the partition wall and the plate-like body, and below the partition wall. The tubular member is externally fitted to the plate-like body by forming the gas storage chamber surrounded by the peripheral side wall on the side, and the through-hole penetrating vertically provided in the projecting portion and the The hollow fiber membrane module according to claim 4, wherein the bubble passage formed by the through hole of the plate-like body is provided.
The hollow fiber membrane module according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the permeated water is collected in a state where it can be supplied as clean water.
An upper fixing member for fixing the upper end of the hollow fiber membrane and a lower fixing member for fixing the lower end so that the membrane separation can be carried out in a state where a plurality of hollow fiber membranes are extended in the vertical direction The upper fixing member has a water collecting chamber above the fixing portion fixing the hollow fiber membrane, and the lower fixing member has a water collecting chamber below the fixing portion fixing the hollow fiber membrane. The hollow region inside the hollow fiber membrane is communicated with both the upper and lower water collecting chambers, and is formed so as to collect the permeated water permeated from the outside to the inside of the hollow fiber membrane from both the upper and lower sides. The hollow fiber membrane module further comprising an air diffusion mechanism for generating bubbles on the lower end side of the hollow fiber membrane is immersed in the water to be treated in the upper water collecting chamber and the lower water collecting chamber. Sucking the collected permeate out of the hollow fiber membrane module Therefore, a membrane separation step of membrane-separating the water to be treated, and a dispersion that vibrates the hollow fiber membrane by generating bubbles with the air diffusion mechanism so as to remove deposits attached to the surface of the hollow fiber membrane from the surface. A water treatment method for carrying out a gas process,
The lower fixing member includes a gas storage chamber provided below the water collection chamber, and a hollow passage provided from the gas storage chamber through the water collection chamber to the upper surface side of the fixing portion. Using the yarn membrane module, the gas is stored in the gas storage chamber, and the stored gas is floated through the bubble passage, thereby generating the bubbles above the fixed portion and performing the air diffusion step. A water treatment method characterized by:
An upper fixing member for fixing an upper end portion of the hollow fiber membrane so that a plurality of hollow fiber membranes can be immersed in the water to be treated in a state in which the hollow fiber membranes are extended in the vertical direction so as to perform membrane separation of the water to be treated; A lower fixing member that fixes a lower end portion, the upper fixing member has a water collection chamber above a fixing portion that fixes the hollow fiber membrane, and the lower fixing member fixes the hollow fiber membrane. A water collecting chamber below the fixed portion, the hollow region inside the hollow fiber membrane communicates with both the upper and lower water collecting chambers, and the permeated water permeated from the outside to the inside of the hollow fiber membrane is moved up and down. A hollow fiber membrane module that is formed so that water can be collected from both, and further includes an air diffuser for generating bubbles on the lower end side of the hollow fiber membrane,
The air diffusion member has a hollow body that is disposed on the lower end side of the hollow fiber membrane and has air diffusion holes opened on the upper surface thereof, and gas is supplied to the hollow body from a tube connected to the hollow body The hollow fiber membrane module is configured to generate air bubbles from the diffuser holes, and the diffuser holes are opened upward on the upper side of the fixing portion of the lower fixing member.
One or more hook-shaped support members having both ends fixed to the upper fixing member and the lower fixing member are provided, and one or more of the support members are tubular and supply gas to the hollow body. It is provided as a tubular body, and in the fixing portion of the lower fixing member, the hollow fiber membrane is embedded with its lower end portion penetrating from the upper surface side to the lower surface side of the plate-like body formed of the polymer composition. A hollow body having the air diffusion holes is embedded and fixed in the plate-like body so as to generate the bubbles from the air diffusion holes opened on the upper surface side of the plate-like body. The hollow fiber membrane module according to claim 8, wherein the tubular support member is connected.
Two or more bowl-shaped support members having both ends fixed to the upper fixing member and the lower fixing member are provided, and two or more of the support members are provided to supply gas from a plurality of tubes to one hollow body. Is provided as the tubular body, and the hollow body is provided in a state of being connected to two or more tubular bodies.
The hollow fiber membrane module according to claim 10, wherein the hollow body is a connecting pipe having both ends connected to two pipe bodies, and the diffuser holes are through holes formed in a pipe wall of the connecting pipe.
The tubular support member is connected to the hollow body with its lower end positioned at the center of the plate-like body, and the hollow body is radially outward from the connection point with the tubular support member. The hollow fiber membrane module according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the hollow fiber membrane module has an expanding shape.
13. The hollow fiber membrane module according to claim 12, wherein a bundle in which the hollow fiber membrane is subdivided is fixed to the plate-like body by burying a lower end portion of the bundle between the hollow bodies spreading radially.
The hollow fiber membrane module according to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein the permeated water is collected in a state where it can be supplied as clean water.
The hollow fiber membrane module according to claim 12, wherein the permeated water is collected in a state where it can be supplied as clean water.
14. The hollow fiber membrane module according to claim 13, wherein the permeated water is collected in a state where it can be supplied as clean water.
An upper fixing member for fixing the upper end of the hollow fiber membrane and a lower fixing member for fixing the lower end so that the membrane separation can be carried out in a state where a plurality of hollow fiber membranes are extended in the vertical direction The upper fixing member has a water collecting chamber above the fixing portion fixing the hollow fiber membrane, and the lower fixing member has a water collecting chamber below the fixing portion fixing the hollow fiber membrane. The hollow region inside the hollow fiber membrane is communicated with both the upper and lower water collecting chambers, and is formed so as to collect the permeated water permeated from the outside to the inside of the hollow fiber membrane from both the upper and lower sides. The upper water collecting chamber and the lower water collecting chamber in a state in which a hollow fiber membrane module further provided with an air diffuser for generating bubbles on the lower end side of the hollow fiber membrane is immersed in the water to be treated The permeated water collected on the outside is sucked out of the hollow fiber membrane module. A membrane separation step of membrane-separating the water to be treated, and removing adhering matter adhering to the surface of the hollow fiber membrane by generating bubbles in the air diffuser and vibrating the hollow fiber membrane A water treatment method for performing an air diffusion process,
The air diffuser has a hollow body provided with air diffuser holes, and the hollow body is arranged so that the air diffuser is open upward on the upper side of the fixing portion of the lower fixing member. The hollow fiber membrane module, in which a tube for supplying gas to the body is connected to the hollow body, is used to carry out the membrane separation step, and in the air diffusion step, the hollow body is removed from the tube body. A water treatment method, wherein the deposit is removed by supplying a gas to a body and generating the supplied gas as bubbles from the diffuser holes.
A plurality of hollow fiber membranes extending in the vertical direction, an upper fixing member and a lower fixing member that respectively fix the upper and lower ends of the hollow fiber membrane, and an air diffusion mechanism that can diffuse into the hollow fiber membrane; A hollow fiber membrane module used by being immersed in water with
The air diffusion mechanism includes a tubular body having both ends fixed to the upper fixing member and the lower fixing member and extending between the upper fixing member and the lower fixing member, and is provided on a peripheral surface of the tubular body. Air diffusion holes capable of diffusing the gas in the tube to the hollow fiber membrane are formed, the upper and lower ends of the hollow fiber membrane are opened, and the permeated water that has passed through the hollow fiber membrane from the open end of the hollow fiber membrane is formed. A hollow fiber membrane module comprising an upper water collecting part and a lower water collecting part to be accommodated, and a derivation mechanism for deriving permeated water contained in the upper water collecting part and the lower water collecting part.
The hollow fiber membrane module according to claim 18, further comprising a support member having both end portions fixed to the upper fixing member and the lower fixing member, wherein the supporting member is the tubular body.
A plurality of hollow fiber membranes extending in the vertical direction, an upper fixing member and a lower fixing member that respectively fix the upper and lower ends of the hollow fiber membrane, and an air diffusion mechanism that can diffuse into the hollow fiber membrane; A membrane separation method using a hollow fiber membrane module used by immersing in water,
The air diffusion mechanism includes a tubular body having both ends fixed to the upper fixing member and the lower fixing member and extending between the upper fixing member and the lower fixing member, and is provided on a peripheral surface of the tubular body. A gas in the pipe is diffused from the formed air diffusion holes to the hollow fiber membrane, the upper and lower ends of the hollow fiber membrane are opened, and the hollow fiber membrane module is hollow fiber from the open end of the hollow fiber membrane. An upper water collecting section and a lower water collecting section that store permeated water that has passed through the membrane, and a derivation mechanism that derives the permeated water stored in the upper water collecting section and the lower water collecting section. Membrane separation method.
A plurality of hollow fiber membranes extending in the vertical direction, an upper fixing member and a lower fixing member that respectively fix the upper and lower ends of the hollow fiber membrane, and an air diffusion mechanism that can diffuse into the hollow fiber membrane; A water treatment apparatus in which a hollow fiber membrane module provided with water is immersed in water to perform membrane separation,
The air diffusion mechanism includes a tubular body having both ends fixed to the upper fixing member and the lower fixing member and extending between the upper fixing member and the lower fixing member, and is provided on a peripheral surface of the tubular body. A hollow fiber membrane module in which a diffused hole capable of diffusing gas in a tube to the hollow fiber membrane is formed, upper and lower ends of the hollow fiber membrane are opened, and the hollow fiber membrane module is connected to the hollow fiber. An upper water collecting portion and a lower water collecting portion that contain permeated water that has permeated through the hollow fiber membrane are accommodated from the open end of the membrane, and the permeated water contained in the upper water collecting portion and the lower water collecting portion is derived. A water treatment apparatus comprising a derivation mechanism.
A plurality of hollow fiber membranes extending in the vertical direction, an upper water passage formed above the hollow fiber membrane and communicating with a hollow region inside the hollow fiber membrane, and formed below the hollow fiber membrane A lower water passage communicating with a hollow region inside the hollow fiber membrane, a diffuser hole formed to generate bubbles on a lower end side of the hollow fiber membrane, and the diffuser hole formed below the hollow fiber membrane A permeate chamber that supplies gas to the treated water, so that permeated water that is permeated from the outside to the inside of the hollow fiber membrane is immersed in the treated water to perform membrane separation of the treated water from above and below. A hollow fiber membrane module that is formed so as to collect water through a chamber and the lower water flow chamber, and is used in such a manner that a plurality are arranged in parallel,
An upper connecting member that covers the upper water flow chamber and connects the adjacent ones to each other; and a lower connecting member that covers the lower water flow chamber and the ventilation chamber and connects the adjacent ones to each other, When the member and the lower connecting member are connected to each other, the upper water passing chambers, the lower water passing chambers, and the venting chambers are formed to communicate with each other. Hollow fiber membrane module.
A plurality of hollow fiber membranes extending in the vertical direction, an upper water passage formed above the hollow fiber membrane and communicating with a hollow region inside the hollow fiber membrane, and formed below the hollow fiber membrane A lower water passage communicating with a hollow region inside the hollow fiber membrane, a diffuser hole formed to generate bubbles on a lower end side of the hollow fiber membrane, and the diffuser hole formed below the hollow fiber membrane A hollow fiber membrane module having a ventilation chamber for supplying gas to the water, and the hollow fiber membrane module is permeated from the outside to the inside of the hollow fiber membrane so as to perform membrane separation of the water to be treated by immersing the hollow fiber membrane module in the water to be treated. The permeated water is collected from both the upper and lower sides of the hollow fiber membrane module through the upper water passage and the lower water passage, and a plurality of hollow fiber membrane modules are arranged in parallel. A water treatment device,
The hollow fiber membrane module includes an upper connecting member that covers the upper water flow chamber and connects the adjacent ones to each other, and a lower connection member that covers the lower water flow chamber and the ventilation chamber and connects the adjacent ones to each other. In the state where the upper connecting member and the lower connecting member are connected to each other, the upper water passing chambers, the lower water passing chambers, and the venting chambers are formed to communicate with each other. The water treatment apparatus characterized by the above-mentioned.
A plurality of hollow fiber membranes extending in the vertical direction, an upper water passage formed above the hollow fiber membrane and communicating with a hollow region inside the hollow fiber membrane, and formed below the hollow fiber membrane A lower water passage communicating with a hollow region inside the hollow fiber membrane, a diffuser hole formed to generate bubbles on a lower end side of the hollow fiber membrane, and the diffuser hole formed below the hollow fiber membrane A plurality of hollow fiber membrane modules each having a ventilation chamber for supplying gas to the hollow fiber membrane module are arranged in parallel and immersed in the water to be treated, and the permeated water transmitted from the outside to the inside of the hollow fiber membrane is passed through the hollow fiber membrane module. A water treatment method for collecting water from above and below the upper water passage and the lower water passage, and performing membrane separation of water to be treated,
The hollow fiber further comprising: an upper connecting member that covers the upper water flow chamber and connects the adjacent ones to each other; and a lower connection member that covers the lower water flow chamber and the vent chamber and connects the adjacent ones to each other. Membrane modules are connected to each other by the upper connecting member and the lower connecting member, and membrane separation is performed with the upper water passing chambers, the lower water passing chambers, and the venting chambers being in communication with each other. A water treatment method characterized by: