WO2011054494A1

WO2011054494A1 - Blocking synchronization assembly of a manual transmission

Info

Publication number: WO2011054494A1
Application number: PCT/EP2010/006674
Authority: WO
Inventors: Ottmar Back; Erol Ledetzky
Original assignee: Hoerbiger Antriebstechnik Holding Gmbh
Priority date: 2009-11-03
Filing date: 2010-11-02
Publication date: 2011-05-12
Also published as: DE102009051706A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a blocking synchronization assembly (10) of a manual transmission (12), comprising a synchronizer body (14) fastened non-rotatably on a shaft of the manual transmission (12), and a selector sleeve (16), which is arranged non-rotatably with respect to the synchronizer body (14) but is axially displaceable, a conical ring (18) for coupling the synchronizer body (14) to a gear wheel (20) of the manual transmission (12) by means of a frictional connection, and an indexing unit (22), which engages with the selector sleeve (16) and during an axial displacement of the selector sleeve (16) acts axially on the conical ring (18). The indexing unit (22) comprises a blocking key (24), wherein the blocking key (24) is provided with blocking teeth (26), which can release or block an axial movement of the selector sleeve (16) relative to the blocking key (24).

Description

Locking synchronization module of a manual transmission

The invention relates to a Sperrsynchronisationsbaugruppe a gearbox, with a synchronizer body which is rotatably mounted on a shaft of the gearbox, a shift sleeve which is rotatable relative to the synchronizer body, but arranged axially displaceable, a cone ring for coupling the synchronizer body with a gear wheel of the gearbox via a friction connection, as well as a Vorsynchroneinheit which engages the shift sleeve and axially applied to the axial direction of the shift sleeve, the cone ring.

Such gearboxes with lock synchronization, in particular according to the system Borg-Warner, are known from the prior art, for example from the textbook "Fachkunde automotive technology" (Verlag Europa-Lehrmittel, 26th Edition 1999, pages 396 ff.). In these conventional Sperrsynchro The conical ring is designed as a synchronizing ring with locking toothing, wherein the locking toothing prevents a rotational displacement between the synchronizer body and the gear wheel an axial displacement of the rotatably connected to the synchronizer body shift sleeve on a shift toothing of the gear can thus take place only after an adjustment of the speeds.

Typically, the synchronizer ring is provided with a particular friction lining to produce a desired frictional force upon contact with a friction surface (e.g., the gear wheel). The preparation of the cone-shaped synchronizer ring of the prior art is technically complex and therefore expensive.

The object of the invention is to provide a Sperrsynchronisationsbaugruppe a gearbox having a manufacturing technology simplified design and at the same time ensures a highly reliable lock synchronization of the gearbox. According to the invention this object is achieved by a Sperrsynchronisations- assembly of the type mentioned, in which the Vorsynchroneinheit comprises a block, wherein the block has a locking toothing, which can release or block an axial movement of the shift sleeve relative to the block. The basic idea is a "displacement" of the locking teeth of the synchronizer ring or cone ring on the Vorsynchroneinheit, more precisely on the block of the Vorsynchroneinheit.The locking teeth on the conical ring is therefore eliminated so that the cone ring extends only radially inwardly of the shift sleeve At the same time, a locking toothing can be integrated into the pre-synchronizing unit with minimal additional effort, so that the locking synchronization assembly as a whole is simplified in terms of manufacturing without the synchronization function of the manual transmission being impaired.

It is particularly advantageous if the geometrically complicated blocking stone is designed as a sintered part, in particular as a hardened sintered part. According to the preferred embodiment, the block remains after sintering without extensive material removal, i. there is no cutting surface machining. Alternatively, it is conceivable to produce the blocking stone from a suitable plastic or plastic composite material which withstands the high mechanical stresses in the area of the locking toothing.

The teeth of the ratchet teeth have a free expiring towards the axial center, tapered by inclined surfaces end. By these inclined surfaces, the axial movement is converted into a circumferential movement during synchronization. The shift sleeve thus sits axially offset from the or the locking teeth approximately centrally to the synchronizer body.

The locking toothing can be arranged on at least one axial edge of the blocking block, preferably on both axial edges of the blocking block.

The shift sleeve has an adjacent to the block inner teeth. According to the preferred embodiment, the internal toothing in a non-switched neutral position of the gearbox is preferably arranged axially offset from the locking toothing of the blocking block. As a neutral position is In this case denotes a position of the gearbox in which the synchronizer body is not coupled to a gear wheel and the shift sleeve, as seen in the axial direction, is preferably positioned centrally on the synchronizer body.

In order to keep the axial dimension of the gearbox as low as possible, the locking toothing in the axial direction preferably extends over a maximum of 25% of the dimension of the blocking block.

To reduce the load on the block this has not only a ratchet tooth in the circumferential direction, but at least two circumferentially spaced ratchet teeth. If locking toothings are provided on both axial edges of the locking block, at least two locking teeth are present per edge.

The individual ratchet teeth of the ratchet teeth are protruding teeth, that is, they project radially outward from the remainder of the ram.

The teeth should be an integral part of the block and not separate parts attached to the block.

An embodiment of the invention provides to bias the block radially inwardly resiliently.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if a spring element and a force transmission element pretensioned outwards by the spring element are provided in the blocking block. The power transmission element engages in the shift sleeve and transmits the switching force when coupling in the block and thus in the cone ring. The power transmission element is mounted so resiliently engageable that it has been run over in the switched position of the shift sleeve of this and is engaged radially inwardly. Upon return of the shift sleeve in the neutral position, the power transmission element engages again in a recess of the shift sleeve.

To simplify the manufacture of the assembly and its assembly, the Vorsynchroneinheit form a pre-assembled, self-contained unit. Loose parts that could be detached from the Vorsynchroneinheit are therefore not available. For this purpose, it is preferred if the spring element and the force transmission element are received in the block. In a preferred embodiment, the Vorsynchroneinheit is limited relative to the synchronizer body in the circumferential direction movable to move between a release and a blocking position. This additional degree of freedom of the Vorsynchroneinheit makes it possible to merge the lock function and the Vorsynchron- function, that is, the application of the cone ring against a blocking surface in the Vorsynchroneinheit.

The distance between blocking position and release position preferably forms an envelope path occurring during synchronization, wherein the blocking position is effected either by a stop of the locking block against the synchronizing body either radially inwardly or outwardly of the cone ring or by a stop of the cone ring against the synchronizer body. If the block itself strikes, e.g. a bulge of the bottom of the block form the stop surface. The block thus has to fulfill a multiple function.

Particularly preferably, the Vorsynchroneinheit and the cone ring in the circumferential direction are connected substantially free of play, so that the blocking stone turns over immediately upon contact of the cone ring with the gear wheel-side mating surface, i. circumferentially slightly rotated relative to the synchronizer body.

The block should have contact surfaces, by means of which it rests in any position on the cone ring.

In a further embodiment of the lock synchronization assembly, the synchronizer body has on its outer circumference a recess in which the Vorsynchroneinheit is received.

In this embodiment, the conical ring may have extensions which extend substantially axially into the recess of the synchronizer body. By a circumferential clearance between the conical ring and the synchronizer body, specifically between the extensions of the cone ring and the recess of the synchronizer body, the release and locking position of the Vorsynchroneinheit can be defined relative to the synchronizer body with little effort.

Further, in this embodiment, the Vorsynchroneinheit is preferably arranged in the circumferential direction between two extensions of the cone ring, wherein a contact surface of the projections in each case bears against a contact surface of the locking block. This allows a largely backlash-free coupling of the synchronous unit and the cone ring in the circumferential direction easy to implement. Optionally, the extensions, which extend into the recess of the synchronizer, may also be those between which the Vorsynchroneinheit is received.

Preferably, the abutting contact surfaces of block and cone ring are inclined so that they prevent a relative to the cone ring radially outwardly directed movement of the locking block. In particular, this tendency of the contact surfaces also prevents tilting of the locking block, which could occur when the locking teeth are subjected to an axial load and could impair the function of the locking synchronization assembly. Generally speaking, the block engages behind the conical ring by projections projecting in the circumferential direction.

In a further embodiment, viewed in the axial direction, a cone ring is arranged on both sides of the synchronizer body, so that the assembly according to the invention can optionally couple one of two gear wheels.

In this embodiment, the two cone rings can be coupled together by the blocking stone in the circumferential direction substantially free of play. In conventional manual transmissions without this coupling of the conical rings, drag torque or vibrations or vibrations in the drive train can lead to unwanted noise, which is caused by impact of the cone rings on the synchronizer body. As a result of a coupling of the cone rings through the block, the degrees of freedom of movement of the cone rings are restricted. In addition, the excitation of the coupled cone rings in comparison to a single cone ring due to the higher inertial mass is no longer so easily possible. Thus, the coupling of the cone rings contributes to a total of particularly quiet operation of the gearbox.

To reinforce the switching force of the blocking block is formed in a further embodiment as a pivotable, one-sided lever. Thus, with the same switching force faster synchronization of the gearbox can be achieved.

Preferably, the block is supported in the region of its radially inner end pivotally on the synchronizer body. To form a pivot bearing for the block, a recess or a saddle can be provided on the synchronizer body. This recess or the saddle preferably cooperate with a spigot or fork-shaped portion at the radially inner end of the locking block. As a result, a suitable pivot bearing for the block can be produced with little effort.

In order to allow a smooth and jam-free tilting of the block, the radially outer end of the block should be axially displaceable. Preferably, this is provided between the block and the conical ring and between the block and the shift sleeve a radial clearance.

Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments with reference to the drawings. In the drawings: FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section detail of a blocking synchronization assembly according to the invention of a manual transmission in the neutral position;

FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional detail of the lock-up synchronization module according to FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 shows a perspective plan view of a blocking block of the locking synchronization assembly according to the invention;

FIG. 4 shows a perspective plan view of an assembled presynchronization unit of the lock synchronization assembly according to the invention;

- Figure 5 is a perspective bottom view of a Vorsynchroneinheit the locking synchronization assembly according to the invention; - Figure 6 is a partial perspective view of a cone ring of the locking synchronization assembly according to the invention;

FIG. 7 shows a perspective view of a presynchronizing unit according to FIG. 5 inserted into the conical ring according to FIG. 6;

Figure 8 is a cross-sectional detail of the lockout synchronization assembly according to another embodiment; and FIG. 9 shows a longitudinal section detail of the lock-up synchronization module according to a further embodiment.

Figures 1 and 2 show a longitudinal section detail or a cross-sectional detail through a locking synchronization assembly 10 of a gearbox 12. The lock synchronization assembly 10 includes an annular synchronizer body 14 which is rotatably mounted on a shaft (not shown) of the transmission 12, a shift sleeve 16, the at least one cone ring 18 for coupling the synchronizer body 14 with at least one gear wheel 20 of the gearbox 12 via a friction connection, and a Vorsynchroneinheit 22 which engages the shift sleeve 16 and an axial displacement relative to the synchronizer body 14 rotatably the shift sleeve 16 to the corresponding cone ring 18 axially applied. In the embodiment of the gearbox 12 shown in Figure 1 in the axial direction seen on both axial sides of the synchronizer body 14 each have a cone ring 18 and a gear wheel 20 are arranged. In order to clarify the respective directions, an axial direction with 100, a radial direction with 110 and a circumferential direction with 120 are designated in FIG.

The Vorsynchroneinheit 22 has a blocking block 24 with a locking toothing 26, wherein the locking teeth 26 can release or block a movement of the shift sleeve 16 relative to the block 24 along a transmission axis A.

Since a gear wheel 20 is arranged on each side of the synchronizer body 14, a respective locking toothing 26 is provided on both axial edges 28 of the blocking block 24, each of which can release or block an axial displacement of the sliding sleeve 16 seated between the two toothings in the corresponding direction.

The shift sleeve 16 has a radially outwardly adjacent to the block 24 internal teeth 30, which is arranged in a non-switched neutral position of the gearbox 12 (Figure 1) axially offset from the locking teeth 26 of the locking block 24. By this axially offset arrangement of the teeth 26, 30 is in the circumferential direction 120, a relative movement between the Vorsynchroneinheit 22 and the shift sleeve 16 and thus also between the Vorsynchroneinheit 22 and the rotatably connected to the shift sleeve 16 synchronizer body 14 allows.

In order to keep the axial dimension of the gearbox 12 as low as possible, the locking teeth 26 is provided only in the region of the axial edges 28 of the locking block 24 and extends in the axial direction 100 in total (ie, the sum of both gears) over a maximum of 25% of the dimension L of Blocking stone 24 (see Figure 3). The axial dimension I of a tooth 32 of the locking teeth 26 is preferably of the order of about 0% of the axial dimension L of the locking block 24.

The shift position shown in Figure 1 is referred to as the output or neutral position of the gearbox 12, because the synchronizer body 14 can rotate independently of the gear wheels 20 about the transmission axis A. In particular, none of the gear wheels 20 is rotatably connected via the shift sleeve 16 with the synchronizer body 14. Further, the shift sleeve 16 in the neutral position of the gearbox 12 is usually arranged in the axial direction 100 centered on the synchronizer body 14, in particular when a gear wheel 20 is arranged on both axial sides of the synchronizer body 14.

Although only manual transmission 12 are shown in Figures 1 to 9, in which a cone ring 18 and a gear 20 are arranged on both sides of the synchronizer body 14 and at both axial edges 28 of the locking block 24 a locking teeth 26 is provided, the invention of course Also embodiments in which only on one side of the synchronizer body 14, a cone ring 18 and a gear wheel 20 is provided and / or in which the block 24 according to only at one axial edge 28 has a locking teeth 26.

For example, within the scope of the invention embodiments are conceivable in which a gear wheel 20 is provided on both sides of the synchronizer body 14, wherein the lock synchronization to one of the two gear wheels 20 via the proposed in the invention locking teeth 26 of the locking block 24, the lock synchronization with the other gear However, 20 takes place via a conventional Borg-Warner system with a locking toothing on the cone ring 18. It is clear from FIGS. 1 and 2 that the presynchronization unit 22 comprises the blocking block 24, a spring element 34 and a force transmission element 36 which is acted upon radially outward by the spring element 34. As a result, the blocking block 24 is biased in the radial direction away from the shift sleeve 16 in the direction of the synchronizer body 14. The power transmission element 36 is formed in the present case as a ball, preferably as a steel ball, wherein the power transmission element 36 may alternatively assume any other suitable geometric shape.

The force transmission element 36 is guided radially in a bore 38 (see FIG. 3) of the blocking block 24 and extends through the blocking block 24 radially outwards into an inside recess 40 (in particular a circumferential groove) of the sliding sleeve 16 in order to move the blocking block 24 relative to the blocking block 24 Shift sleeve 16 to position axially.

The synchronizer body 14 has according to Figures 2 and 4 on its outer circumference a toothing 43 and for each Vorsynchroneinheit 22 a recess 44 in which the respective Vorsynchroneinheit 22 is received. The internal teeth of the sliding sleeve 16 engages the external teeth 43. The geometry of the teeth of the locking teeth 26 is adapted to the internal teeth of the sliding sleeve 16 to allow engagement of the teeth of the locking teeth 26 in the internal teeth, as will be explained later. Preferably, several, in particular three Vorsynchroneinheiten 22 are arranged distributed over the circumference of the synchronizer body 14.

Furthermore, axial extensions 46 are provided on each conical ring 18 (see also FIG. 6), which extend substantially axially into the recess 44 of the synchronizer body 14. Specifically, the Vorsynchroneinheit 22 is arranged in the circumferential direction 120 of the recess between two extensions 46 of the cone ring 18, wherein each extension 46 has a contact surface 48 which bears against a preferably equal inclined contact surface 50 of the locking block 24 (see also Figure 7).

The recess 44 has at the circumferential ends of the recess 44 undercuts 45 into which the projections 46 of the conical rings 18 protrude. Optionally, the overhanging sections of the synchronizer body 14 are provided with at least one tooth (see FIG. 2) of the outer toothing 43 and / or radially inwardly have a curved wall 49 delimiting the undercut 45.

Since the undercuts 45 are not absolutely necessary for the basic function of the locking synchronization assembly 10, they can also be dispensed with in alternative embodiments.

Viewed in the axial direction of the block has 24 laterally at opposite ends protruding projections 47 which are chamfered at the radial outer sides to form the contact surfaces 50, namely complementary to corresponding bevels on the facing lower edges of the extensions 46. With the projections 47 engages behind the Blocking stone 24 the cone ring 18. This Hintergreifung is already present in the initial or neutral position of the gearbox 12.

Preferably, the projections 47 do not project into the undercuts 45 in the circumferential direction.

The contact surfaces 48 of the extensions 46 are inclined at an angle to the radial direction 110, i. they have radially obliquely inward (see Figure 2) and are facing each other.

The interaction of the contact surfaces 48, 50, the Vorsynchron- unit 22 and the cone ring 18 are connected in the circumferential direction 120 substantially free of play.

It is clearer from FIGS. 5 to 7 that the abutting contact surfaces 48, 50 are at least partially inclined so as to prevent a movement of the blocking block 24 directed radially outwardly relative to the cone ring 18. As a result, the contact surfaces 48 of the projections 46 in particular counteract a tilting moment, which arises in the axial load of the locking teeth 26 in an axial displacement of the shift sleeve 16 in the blocking position of the locking block 24. Consequently, a tilting of the blocking block 24, which could result in a functional impairment of the lock-up synchronization module 10, is prevented.

The inclined portions of the contact surfaces 48 on the cone ring 18 and / or the contact surfaces 50 on the block 24 are preferably produced by forming. Alternatively, the respective component also either already at his Production to be shaped accordingly or post-machined. In addition, instead of bevelled contact surfaces 48, 50 and stepped or rounded contact surfaces 48, 50 may be provided to secure the block 24 against tipping.

Alternatively, embodiments are also conceivable in which the projections 47 and the chamfers on the contact surfaces 48 are not present, so that no engagement behind the cone ring 18 takes place. Tilting or movement of the locking block 24 radially outwards (for example, due to centrifugal force or tilting moment) is limited in this case by the internal teeth 30 of the sliding sleeve 16.

FIG. 4 shows the blocking synchronization assembly 10 in the region of the assembled presynchronization unit 22, wherein the switching sleeve 16 is not shown. By the omitted sliding sleeve 16 it is clear that the conical rings 18 on both axial sides of the synchronizer body 14 in pairs successive extensions 46 have contact surfaces 48 and equally cooperate with the contact surfaces 50 of the locking block 24. In other words, the two conical rings 18 are coupled to one another largely free of play by common blocking stones 24 in the circumferential direction 120.

In the circumferential direction 120 uncoupled conical rings 18, drag torque or vibration or vibrations in the drive train can lead to undesirable noise, which is caused by abutment of the conical rings 18 on the synchronizer body 14. These noises are prevented or at least reduced by the coupling of the conical rings 18 by means of the blocking block 24, so that the manual transmission 12 is particularly quiet during operation.

FIG. 5 shows the presynchronization unit 22 from FIG. 4 in a perspective bottom view. In addition to the contact surface 50, one of the two oppositely directed axial contact surfaces 54 can also be clearly seen in FIG. 5, through which the blocking stone 24 axially displaces the associated conical ring 18 during the switching operation of the manual transmission 12. The contact surfaces 54 are preferably each in a direction perpendicular to the transmission axis A level. In the initial position (Figure 1), the contact surfaces 54 are preferably spaced from the front-side mating surfaces 55 of the cone rings 18. On a radial inner side of the blocking block 24, an extension 66 for receiving the spring element 34 can also be seen. The extension 66 forms a downwardly bulging bottom of the block 24th

The radially inwardly biased block 24 is located in the radial direction with a bottom 69 at the top of the cone rings 18 at.

FIG. 6 shows a detail of the conical ring 18 with two extensions 46, between which the presynchronizing unit 22 according to FIG. 5, more precisely the blocking block 24 of the presynchronizing unit 22, is received.

Finally, FIG. 7 shows the conical ring 18 according to FIG. 6 with inserted presynchronization unit 22 according to FIG. Here, it is easy to see that the blocking block 24 radially overlaps the conical ring 18 in the axial direction. This applies, as Figure 1 shows, for both conical rings 18. As seen in the circumferential direction of the block has a T-shape, with a center Isteg sitting between adjacent conical rings 18 and protrudes into recesses thereof, which are in the example between the extensions 46 , which is not meant to be limiting.

The side legs 67 of the "T" projecting on both sides in the axial direction 100 have obliquely inclined lower sides 69 corresponding to the inclination of the radially outer side of the cone ring 18, in order to enable full-surface contact with the conical rings 18 (see FIG. 1).

The recess 44 in the synchronizer body 14 is formed according to Figure 2 so that the Vorsynchroneinheit 22 together with the cone ring 18 relative to the synchronizer body 14 in the circumferential direction 120 is limited to move between a release position shown in Figure 2 and a blocking position.

The distance between a blocking position or stop position and the (central) release division forms an envelope path x occurring during synchronization.

There are various ways to make the stop. For example, the blocking position can be ensured by a stop 51 'of a recess in the synchronizer body 14 for the bottom-side extension 66 of the blocking block 24. This is symbolized in FIG. 2 with the envelope path x '. A other possibilities is that a stop on the synchronizer body 14 is not, as in the previous example, radially inward, but radially outward of the cone ring 18 by the block 24 abuts directly on the outer edge 51 "of the synchronizer body 14, which is symbolized by the Umschlagweg x" , Another option which is simplest in FIG. 2 is the stop of the cone ring 18 with its extensions 46 on the surface 51 of the synchronizer body 14, so that the envelope path x is defined by the cone ring 18 and the synchronizer body 14. The surface 51 is a radial surface and bounds the recess 44 in the circumferential direction 120.

The mating surfaces on the conical rings 18 or on the blocking stone 24 run parallel to the abutment surfaces 51, 51 ', 51 ", so that there is a flat stop.

Preferably, the abutment surfaces 51, 51 'or 51 "and the mating surfaces on the cone rings 18 and the block 24 are parallel to each other and extend in the axial direction 100 substantially radially.

As indicated in Figure 2, the Vorsynchroneinheit 22 forms a prefabricated, self-contained assembly in which the spring element 34 and the power transmission element 36 are received in the block 24. So that the force transmission element 36 in the non-installed state of the Vorsynchroneinheit 22 although partially protruding from the bore 38, but does not fall out of the bore 38, the blocking block 24 optionally stops 64, which are indicated schematically in Figure 2. In particular, in a plastic production of the blocking stone 24, these stops 64 can be integrally formed on the block 24 with little effort. On a radial outer side of the block 24, the radial bore 38 terminates for receiving the force transmission element 36, wherein the bore 38 is arranged approximately centrally both in the axial direction 100 and in the circumferential direction 120 (see Figure 3).

FIG. 3 shows the blocking block 24 of the presynchronization unit 22 in a perspective plan view. In this case, the blocking stone 24 is a sintered part, in particular a hardened sintered part, so that the locking toothing 26 can reliably withstand the occurring stresses. Alternatively, the block 24 could be made in an advantageous manner also from a heavy-duty plastic or other suitable material. In Figure 3, the locking teeth 26 is provided at both axial edges 28 of the locking block 24, wherein the locking teeth 26 protrude radially outwardly relative to the rest of the locking block 24. The locking teeth 26 are integrally formed in the present case to the block 24 and have in the circumferential direction in each case two consecutive teeth 32.

In order to reduce the load on the individual teeth 32 in the locking synchronization process, it is of course also possible to provide more teeth 32 arranged one behind the other in the circumferential direction 20, in particular four teeth. For manufacturing reasons, preferably the lowest possible number of teeth 32 is selected, which reliably and permanently withstands the occurring stresses.

The locking teeth 26 are provided according to Figure 3 only in the region of the axial edges 28, wherein the axial dimension I of the teeth 32 on the order of about 10% of the axial dimension L of the entire barrier stone 24 is located. Overall, the locking teeth 26 in the axial direction 100 preferably extend over a maximum of 25% of the dimension L of the blocking block 24.

The basic principle of lock synchronization is similar to the well-known Borg-Warner principle, which is explicitly referred to here. In the following, starting from the neutral position of the gearbox 12 according to FIG. 1, the mode of operation of the gearbox 12 with locking synchronization assembly 10 according to the invention is explained in order to clarify existing differences.

If, in the case of the manual transmission 12, a gear is to be shifted starting from the neutral position, then the rotational speeds of the synchronizer body 14 and of the corresponding gear wheel 20 are adjusted before the shift sleeve 16 is pushed onto a gear toothing 52 of the gear wheel 20, about the synchronizer body 14 and the gear wheel 20 positively and rotatably coupled to each other.

In detail, the procedure is as follows: A shift fork (not shown) engages a shift sleeve groove 42 and urges the shift sleeve 16 toward that gear wheel 20 which is associated with the desired gear. The applied switching force is by means of the force transmission element 36 on the Transfer block 24, so that the block 24 moves axially together with the shift sleeve 16. In this case, the block 24 engages via a contact surface 54 on the associated conical ring 18 and acts on this against a conical friction surface 56 of the gear wheel 20th

As a result of the speed difference between the gear wheel 20 and the synchronizer body 14 and the cone ring 18 and the friction connection between the cone ring 18 and the gear wheel 20, the cone ring 18 moves together with the Vorsynchroneinheit 22 in the circumferential direction relative to the synchronizer body 14 in one of its blocking positions (so-called " In the blocking position, the axial extension 46 of the cone ring 18 bears against the stop 51 of the synchronizer body 14, this stop 51 (just like the other possible stops 51 ', 51 ") being formed by a preferably radial surface of the recess 44 ,

The internal toothing 30 of the sliding sleeve 16 is aligned in the blocking position relative to the locking teeth 26 of the locking block 24 in the circumferential direction so that the teeth 30, 26 prevent axial movement of the sliding sleeve 16 relative to the blocking block 24. The provided in the shift sleeve 16 recess 40, in which the force transmission element 36 engages, is formed as a groove in a tooth of the internal teeth 30 of the shift sleeve 16, wherein the groove extends in the circumferential direction 120. In the axial direction (see Figure 1), the groove cross section is selected so that the axial switching force of the shift sleeve 16 can first be forwarded via the engaging in the groove power transmission element 36 to the block 24, the switching force after synchronization but also sufficient to the power transmission element 36 to move radially inwardly into the bore 38 of the locking block 24.

According to Figure 1, the groove cross-section is chosen approximately parabolic. In the circumferential direction, that is to say in the groove longitudinal direction (cf., FIG. 2), the groove has a curvature, in particular a circular curvature. The radius of curvature is very large, so that the power transmission element 36 can roll or slide in the groove and does not hinder the turning of the locking block 24 between its blocking positions and its release position. The curve radius may in particular be selected concentrically to the internal toothing 30 of the sliding sleeve 16. Finally, if the rotational speeds of the synchronizer body 14 and the gear wheel 20 have largely equalized, then the circumferential force with which the extension 46 of the cone ring 18 is pressed against its stop on the synchronizer body 14, so that the axial switching force is sufficient to complete the barrier block 24 the cone ring 18 relative to the synchronizer body 14 to move from its blocking position to its release position according to FIG. This release position is located centrally between the locking positions of the locking block 24 and allows axial displacement of the shift sleeve 16 via the locking teeth 26 on the shift teeth 52 of the gear 20. To rotate the locking block 24 from its blocking position to its release position, the teeth 32 of the ratchet teeth 26 in Axial direction 100 seen to the axial center of the locking block 24 facing end 58, which tapers through inclined surfaces 60. In a corresponding manner, the teeth of the internal toothing 30 of the sliding sleeve 16 have axial ends, which taper conically by inclined surfaces. Lets the circumferential force, which presses the cone ring 18 and the block 24 against the synchronizer body 14, after, the inclined surfaces 60 of the locking teeth 26 can slide due to the axial switching force on the inclined surfaces of the internal teeth 30, whereby the shift sleeve 16 relative to the block 24 both moved axially as well as in the circumferential direction 120.

During the axial movement of the shift sleeve 6 relative to the block 24, the force transmission element 36 is engaged by inclined or curved surfaces of the recess 40 against the spring force of the spring element 34 radially inward into the bore 38.

After reaching the release position of the locking block 24, the shift sleeve 16 can be easily pushed onto the gear teeth 52 of the gear wheel 20, so that the synchronizer body 14 and the gear wheel 20 are coupled via the shift sleeve 16 in the circumferential direction positively and largely free of play with each other and switched the desired gear is.

FIG. 8 shows, analogously to FIG. 2, a cross-sectional detail of the shift transmission 12 with the lock synchronization assembly 10, wherein the manual transmission 12 is not a single-cone system as in FIGS. 1 to 7, but a multiple-cone system in which an axial side of the synchronizer body 14 a plurality of cone rings 18, 68, 70 are provided. In this embodiment, the lock-up synchronization module 10 comprises an in Circumferential direction coupled to the synchronizer body 14 first cone ring 18, a circumferentially 120 coupled to the first cone ring 18 second cone ring 68 and a circumferentially coupled to the gear wheel 20 third cone ring 70, wherein the third cone ring 70 radially between the first cone ring 18 and the second Conical ring 68 is arranged, and wherein the first cone ring 18 and the second cone ring 68 are connected by the block 24 in the circumferential direction 120. For this purpose, the blocking stone 24 is arranged largely free of play, both between the two axial extensions 46 of the first cone ring 18 and between two axial extensions 72 of the second cone ring 68. Due to this coupling of the conical rings 18, 68 through the block 24, no special tabs or recesses must be formed on the first conical ring 18, on the second conical ring 68 and / or on the synchronizer body 14 to connect the conical rings 18, 68 either with each other or individually to couple the synchronizer body 14. The use of the block 24 as a coupling stone for cone rings 18, 68 in multi-cone systems is thus advantageous in terms of manufacturing technology and contributes to a simple gear construction. In some embodiments, the first cone ring 18 and the second cone ring 68 can thereby be embodied particularly advantageously as geometrically similar identical parts. FIG. 9 shows, analogously to FIG. 1, a longitudinal section detail of the gearbox 12 with locking synchronization assembly 10, wherein the blocking block 24, unlike FIG. 1, is not supported on the synchronizer rings 18 but on the synchronizer body 14 in the region of its radially inner end 74. The block 24 is hereby designed as a pivotable, one-sided lever for switching power amplification.

According to FIG. 9, a saddle 76 is formed on the synchronizer body 14 in the region of the radially inner end 74 of the locking block 24 to form a pivot bearing, which saddle cooperates with a fork-shaped section 78 of the locking block 24. Preferably, at least one of the abutment surfaces of the saddle 76 and the fork-shaped portion 78 is convex to facilitate tilting of the block 24. Alternatively, the pivot bearing of the synchronizer body 14 may be formed as a bore or dome-shaped recess into which a peg-shaped portion of the locking block 24 pivotally engages. Between the block 14 and the conical ring 18 and between the block 24 and the sliding sleeve 16, a radial clearance is provided in this embodiment, so that a radially outer end 80 of the locking block 24 is axially displaceable. If an axial switching force F _s is now applied to the sliding sleeve 16, then the blocking block 24 tilts about a pivot point S of the pivot bearing and acts on the synchronizing stone 18 with a force F _R = F _s x against the friction surface

56. Since l> 1-L F _R > F _s , ie the synchronizing stone 18 is pressed according to the desired effect of the switching force gain with an axial force F _R against the friction surface 56, which is greater than the switching force F _s . Usually, the axial displacement of the radially outer end 80 of the locking block 24 is up to the production of the frictional contact between the synchronizer ring 18 and gear wheel 20 in the order of about 1 mm at a tilt angle of about 5 °.

The switching force enhancement acts both during pre-synchronization and during synchronization; Unlocking and switching on are not affected.

Claims

claims

1. lock synchronization assembly of a gearbox (12), with a synchronizer body (14) which is rotatably mounted on a shaft of the gearbox (12),

a shift sleeve (16), which is arranged relative to the synchronizer body (14) rotationally fixed, but axially displaceable,

a cone ring (18) for coupling the synchronizer body (14) with a gear wheel (20) of the gearbox (12) via a friction joint, and

a Vorsynchroneinheit (22), which acts on the shift sleeve (16) and in an axial displacement of the shift sleeve (16) the cone ring (18) acted upon axially,

characterized in that the Vorsynchroneinheit (22) comprises a blocking stone (24), wherein the blocking stone (24) has a locking toothing (26) which can release or block an axial movement of the sliding sleeve (16) relative to the blocking stone (24).

2. Sperrsynchronisationsbaugruppe according to claim 1, characterized in that the blocking stone (24) is a sintered part, in particular a hardened sintered part.

3. Sperrsynchronisationsbaugruppe according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the teeth (32) of the locking toothing (26) in the radial direction

(110) seen to the axial center of the locking block (24) facing the end (58) which tapers through inclined surfaces (60).

4. Sperrsynchronisationsbaugruppe according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the locking toothing (26) on at least one axial edge (28) of the locking block (24) is arranged, preferably at both axial edges (28) has a locking toothing (26) is present ,

5. Sperrsynchronisationsbaugruppe according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the locking toothing (26) extends in the axial direction over a maximum of 25% of the dimension of the locking block (24).

6. Sperrsynchronisationsbaugruppe according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the locking toothing (26) in the circumferential direction (120) has at least two teeth (32) lying one behind the other.

7. lock synchronization assembly according to one of the preceding arrival claims, characterized in that the locking toothing (26) relative to the rest of the locking block (24) projects radially outward.

8. Sperrsynchronisationsbaugruppe according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the locking toothing (26) is integrally formed on the blocking stone (24).

9. lock synchronization assembly according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the blocking stone (24) in the radial direction (110) of the shift sleeve (16) is biased toward the synchronizer body (14).

10. Sperrsynchronisationsbaugruppe according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Vorsynchroneinheit (22) the

Blocking stone (24), a spring element (34) and by the spring element (34) radially outwardly acted upon force transmission element (36).

11. lock synchronization assembly according to claim 10, characterized in that the force transmission element (36) through the block (24) radially outwardly into an inside recess (40) in the shift sleeve (16) extends to the blocking stone (24) relative to the shift sleeve (16) to position axially.

12. lock synchronization assembly according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the force transmission element (36) in befindlichem in the release position blocking block (24) of the axially movable shift sleeve (16) can be radially engaged.

13. lock synchronization assembly according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the Vorsynchroneinheit (22) forms a prefabricated, self-contained assembly in which the spring element (34) and the force transmission element (36) are received in the block (24).

14. lock synchronization assembly according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Vorsynchroneinheit (22) relative to the synchronizer body (14) in the circumferential direction (120) is limitedly movable to move between a release and a blocking position.

15. lock synchronization assembly according to claim 14, characterized in that the distance between blocking position and release position forms a synchronizing Umschlagweg (x), wherein the blocking position by a stop of the locking block (24) against the synchronizer body (14) either radially inwardly or radially outwardly the conical ring (18) or by a stop of the cone ring (18) against the synchronizer body (14).

16, lock synchronization assembly according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Vorsynchroneinheit (22) and the conical ring (18) in the circumferential direction (120) are connected substantially free of play.

17. lock synchronization assembly according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the blocking stone (24) contact surfaces (50) which abut the cone ring (18).

18. lock synchronization assembly according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the synchronizer body (14) on its outer circumference has a recess (44) in which the Vorsynchroneinheit (22) is received.

19, lock synchronization assembly according to claim 18, characterized in that the conical ring (18) has projections (46) which extend substantially axially into the recess (44) of the synchronizer body (14).

20. lock synchronization assembly according to claim 19, characterized in that the Vorsynchroneinheit (22) in the circumferential direction (120) between two extensions (46) of the cone ring (18) is arranged, wherein a contact surface (48) of the extensions (46) each at a contact surface (50) of the locking block (24) is applied.

21. Sperrsynchronisätionsbaugruppe according to claim 20, characterized in that the abutting contact surfaces (48, 50) are inclined so that they prevent a relative to the cone ring (18) radially outwardly directed movement of the locking block (24).

22. Sperrsynchronisätionsbaugruppe according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the axial direction (100) on both sides of the synchronizer body (14) a cone ring (18) is arranged.

23. Sperrsynchronisätionsbaugruppe according to claim 22, characterized in that the two conical rings (18) are coupled by the blocking stone (24) in the circumferential direction (120) substantially free of play with each other.

24. Sperrsynchronisätionsbaugruppe according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sliding sleeve (16) on the blocking stone (24) adjacent internal toothing (30), wherein the internal toothing (30) in a non-switched neutral position of the gearbox (12) axially offset from the locking teeth (26) of the locking block (24) is arranged.

25. Sperrsynchronisätionsbaugruppe according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by a in the circumferential direction with the synchronizer body (14) coupled first conical ring (18) in the circumferential direction (120) with the first conical ring (18) coupled second conical ring (68) and one in the circumferential direction (120) coupled to the gear wheel (20) third cone ring (70), wherein the third cone ring (70) is arranged radially between the first cone ring (18) and the second cone ring (68), and wherein the first cone ring (18) and the second cone ring (68) are connected by the blocking stone (24) in the circumferential direction (120) substantially free of play.

26. Sperrsynchronisätionsbaugruppe according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the blocking stone (24) is designed as a pivotable one-sided lever for switching force amplification.

27. Sperrsynchronisätionsbaugruppe according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the blocking stone (24) in the region of its radially inner end (74) pivotally supported on the synchronizer body (14).

28. lock synchronization assembly according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the synchronizer body (14) has a recess or a saddle (76) for forming a pivot bearing for the blocking stone (24) is provided.

29. Sperrsynchronisationsbaugruppe according to claim 28, characterized in that the recess or the saddle (76) of the synchronizer body (14) with a spigot or fork-shaped portion (78) at the radially inner end (74) of the locking block (24) cooperates.

30. lock synchronization assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between the blocking block (24) and the cone ring (18) and between the blocking stone (24) and the sliding sleeve (16) is provided a radial clearance, so that a radially outer end (80) of the locking block (24) is axially displaceable.