WO2011047422A1 - Anti-acne composition and use thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

Use of a polymer of 2-propenal in preparation of a medicament for topical application to an area of skin affected by acne.

Description

Anti-Acne Composition and Use Thereof

Field

[0001] The invention relates to an anti-acne composition for topical use in treatment of acne and method of treatment of acne. The invention also relates to the use of the compositions in manufacture of topical medicaments for treatment of acne.

Background

[0002] Acne is an inflammation of the skin that affects people from every country and every culture around the world. It is a disease of the pilosebaceous units (PSUs), which consist of a sebaceous gland connected to a canal, called a follicle that contains a fine hair. The sebaceous glands make an oily substance called sebum that normally empties onto the skin surface through the opening of the follicle, commonly called a pore. Cells called keratinocytes line the follicle. The hair, sebum, and keratinocytes that fill the narrow follicle may produce a plug, which is an early sign of acne. The plug prevents sebum from reaching the surface of the skin through a pore. The mixture of oil and cells allows the most common anaerobes, Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) that normally live on the skin, to grow in the plugged follicle. These bacteria produce chemicals and enzymes and attract white blood cells that cause inflammation (e.g., swelling, redness, heat or pain). Propionibacterium acnes associated with acne vulgaris and linked to certain cases of endocarditis, anaerobic arthritis, wound infections and abscesses.

[0003] Acne Vulgaris is the most common form of acne, which includes several types of lesions. For example, mild to moderate acne vulgaris (e.g., whitehead, blackhead, papules or pimples) and severe acne vulgaris (e.g., nodules or cysts).

[0004] The exact cause of acne is unknown, but it is believed that factors like increase in hormones called androgens (male sex hormones) and heredity or genetics may be responsible. Drug treatment is aimed at reducing several problems that play a part in causing acne, for example, abnormal clumping of cells in the follicles, increased oil production, bacteria, and inflammation. [0005] Known treatments for topical application which are effective to treat the bacteria can have a harsh effect on the skin. Some effects include exfoliation and drying leading to stinging and/or redness of the skin.

[0006] Despite the existence of such drugs for treating or preventing acne vulgaris and inflammatory conditions thereof, there remains a need for safe and effective drugs for treating or preventing acne vulgaris and inflammatory conditions thereof.

Summary of the Invention

[0007] There is provided the use of a polymer of 2-propenal in preparation of a topical medicament for treatment of acne.

[0008] In accordance with a further embodiment there is provided an anti-acne composition for topical treatment of acne comprising a polymer of 2-propenal and a dermatologically acceptable carrier.

[0009] In accordance with one embodiment there is provided a method of treatment of acne comprising applying to at least a portion of the acne affected area of skin a topical composition comprising a polymer of 2-propenal .

[0010] Polymers of 2-propenal may be formed by radical or anionic polymerization and generally speaking have different structures and physical properties. The polymer of 2- propenal is preferably formed by anionic polymerization. Such polymers typically comprise monomeric units linked through oxygen-carbon polymerization as well as carbon-carbon polymerization. Thus, the anionic polymerization results in both polymerization through the vinyl group of acrolein as well as the aldehyde and hence, both forms are present. The polymers of 2-propenal may be homopolymers or copolymers. Examples of copolymers include copolymers formed with alcohols such as C2 to C10 alkane diols, polyethylene glycol, hydroxy carboxylic acids, such as tartaric acid, ascorbic acid and mixtures thereof. [0011] Thus, the anionic polymerisation contains both polymerisation through the vin group of 2-propenal as well as the aldehyde. And hence both forms are present.

[0012] The present invention relates to a topical anti-acne composition including copolymer having the repeating unit:

wherein R is H or Ci_-4 alkyl, or the hydrated, hemiacetal or acetal form of the repeating unit.

[0013] In some embodiments of the compositions of the invention, R is hydrogen. The polymer of 2-propenal may be a homopolymer or copolymer and in a particularly preferred embodiment the polymer of 2-propenal is poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid). Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) is preferably formed by oxidation of a poly(2- propenal) so as to introduce carboxyl groups. The poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) may comprise, for example, from 0.1 to 5 moles of carboxyl groups per kilogram of polymer.

[0014] The topical composition in one embodiment comprises from 0.01 to 10% and preferably from 0.05 to 5% by weight of the polymer of 2-propenal and a dermatologically acceptable carrier.

[0015] The polymer of 2-propenal preferably has a molecular weight of at least 1000 such as in the range of from 1000 to 10000.

[0016] The poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) may comprise, for example, from 0.1 to 5 moles of carboxyl groups per kilogram of polymer. An example of such a polymer is described in US 6723336 in relation to the treatment of gastrointestinal disease and particularly colibacillosis (caused by E. Coli bacteria) in pigs.

Detailed Description

[0017] The term "dermatologically-acceptable," as used herein, means that the components so described are suitable for use in contact with human skin without undue toxicity, incompatibility, instability, allergic response, and the like. Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences Ed. by Gennaro, Mack Publishing, Easton, Pa., 1995 discloses various carriers used in formulating pharmaceutical compositions and known techniques for the preparation of such dosage forms.

[0018] The dermatologically-acceptable carriers used can be water or aqueous solutions; oils, such as triglycerides of capric or of caprylic acid, or castor oil; fats, waxes and other natural and synthetic fatty materials, preferably esters of fatty acids with alcohols of low C number, e.g. with isopropanol, propylene glycol or glycerol, or esters of fatty alcohols with alkanoic acids of low C number or with fatty acids; alcohols of low C number, and also their ethers, preferably ethanol, isopropanol, glycerol, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monoethyl or monobutyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl, monoethyl or monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl or monoethyl ether and analogous products. In come cases, mixtures of the abovementioned solvents are used. In the case of alcoholic solvents, water can be a further constituent.

[0019] Some specific examples of dermatologically-acceptable carriers suitable for application with the invention include water, olive oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, arachis oil, coconut oil, liquid paraffin, polyethyleneglycol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, glycerol, fatty alcohols, triglycerides, polyvinyl alcohol, partially hydrolysed poly vinyl acetate. Other suitable carriers would be appreciated by one having ordinary skill in the art.

[0020] The carrier component may comprise oils, which in one embodiment are present in the oil phase of an emulsion, selected from hydrocarbon oils such as paraffin or mineral oils; b) waxes such as beeswax or paraffin wax; c) natural oils such as sunflower oil, apricot kernel oil, shea butter or jojoba oil; d) silicone oils such as dimethicone, cyclomethicone or cetyldimethicone; e) fatty acid esters such as isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl myristate, dioctylmaleate, glyceryl oleate and cetostearyl isononanoate; f) fatty alcohols such as cetyl alcohol or stearyl alcohol and mixtures thereof (eg cetearyl alcohol); g) polypropylene glycol or polyethylene glycol ethers, e.g. PPG-14 butyl ether; or h) mixtures thereof, for example, the blend of waxes available commercially under the trade name Cutina (Cognis).

[0021] The carrier can be in the form of a hydroalcoholic system (e.g. liquids and gels), an anhydrous oil or silicone based system, or an emulsion system, including, but not limited to, oil-in-water, water-in-oil, water-in-oil-in- water, and oil-in-water-in-silicone emulsions. The emulsions can cover a broad range of consistencies including thin lotions (which can also be suitable for spray or aerosol delivery), creamy lotions, light creams, heavy creams, and the like. The emulsions can also include microemulsion systems. Other suitable topical carriers include anhydrous solids and semisolids (such as gels and sticks); and aqueous based mousse systems. Nonlimiting examples of the topical carrier systems useful in the present invention are described in the following four references, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety: "Sun Products Formulary", Cosmetics & Toiletries, Vol. 105, pp.

[0022] Various embodiments of the compositions of the invention may include a stabilizing agent. The stabilizing agent may be an antioxidant selected from the group consisting of amino acids (e.g. glycine, histidine, tyrosine, tryptophan) and their derivatives, imidazoles (e.g. urocanic acid) and their derivatives, peptides such as D,L- carnosine, D-carnosine, L-carnosine and their derivatives (e.g. anserine), carotenoids, carotenes (e.g. a-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene) and their derivatives, lipoic acid and its derivatives (e.g. dihydrolipoic acid), aurothioglucose, propylthiouracil and other thiols (e.g. thioredoxin, glutathione, cysteine, cystine, cystamine and their glycosyl, N-acetyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, amyl, butyl and lauryl, palmitoyl, oleyl, γ-linoleyl, cholesteryl and glyceryl esters) and their salts, dilauryl thiodipropionate, distearyl thiodipropionate, thiodipropionic acid and its derivatives (esters, ethers, peptides, lipids, nucleotides, nucleosides and salts) and sulphoximine compounds (e.g. buthionine sulphoximines, homocysteine sulphoximine, buthionine sulphones, penta-, hexa- or heptathioninesulphoxime) in very low tolerable doses (e.g. pmol to .mu.mol/kg), further (metal) chelators (e.g. .alpha. -hydroxy fatty acids, palmitic acid, phytic acid, lactoferrin), alpha.-hydroxy acids (e.g. citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid), humic acid, bile acid, bile extracts, bilirubin, biliverdin, EDTA, EGTA and their derivatives, unsaturated fatty acids and their derivatives (e.g. γ-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid), folic acid and its derivatives, ubiquinone and ubiquinol and their derivatives, vitamin C and derivatives (e.g. ascorbyl palmitate, Mg-ascorbyl phosphate, ascorbyl acetate), tocopherols and derivatives (e.g. vitamin E acetate), vitamin A and derivatives (vitamin A palmitate) and coniferyl benzoate from benzoin, rutic acid and its derivatives, ferulic acid and its derivatives, butyl hydroxytoluene, butylhydroxyanisole, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, trihydroxybutyrophenone, uric acid and its derivatives, mannose and its derivatives, zinc and its derivatives (e.g. ZnO, ZnS0₄), selenium and its derivatives (e.g. selenomethionine), stilbenes and their derivatives (e.g. stilbene oxide, trans-stilbene oxide) and the derivatives suitable according to the invention (salts, esters, ethers, sugars, nucleotides, nucleosides, peptides and lipids) of these said active compounds. The stabilizing agent may be present at a concentration of from 0.2-3.0%.

[0023] In one embodiment, the compositions of the present invention include an antiinflammatory agent. Examples of anti-inflammatory agents, include, but are not limited to, non-steroidal and steroidal anti-inflammatory agents such as corticosteroids such as hydrocortisone, hydroxyltriamcinolone, alphamethyl dexamethasone, dexamethasone- phosphate, beclomethasone dipropionate, clobetasol valerate, desonide, desoxymethasone, desoxycorticosterone acetate, dexamethasone, dichlorisone, diflorasone diacetate, diflucortolone valerate, fluadrenolone, fluclarolone acetonide, fludrocortisone, flumethasone pivalate, fluosinolone acetonide, fluocinonide, flucortine butylester, fluocortolone, fluprednidene, (fluprednylidene)acetate, flurandrenolone, halcinonide, hydrocortisone acetate, hydrocortisone butyrate, methylprednisolone, triamcinolone acetonide, cortisone, cortodoxone, flucetonide, fludrocortisone, difluorosone diacetate, fluradrenalone acetonide, medrysone, amciafel, amcinafide, betamethasone, chlorprednisone, chlorprednisone acetate, clocortelone, clescinolone, dichlorisone, difluprednate, flucloronide, flunisolide, fluoromethalone, fluperolone, fluprednisolone, hydrocortisone valerate, hydrocortisone cyclopentylproprionate, hydrocortamate, meprednisone, paramethasone, prednisolone, prednisone, beclomethasone dipropionate, betamethasone dipropionate, and triamcinolone, and combinations thereof. Examples of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents include but not limited to COX inhibitors, LOX inhibitors, and p38 kinase inhibitors, immunosuppresant agents such as cyclosporin, and cytokine synthesis inhibitors. Other natural antiinflammatories include, but are not limited to, extracts of feverfew, soy, or oats, beta- glucan, and totarol .

[0024] In one embodiment, the amount of anti-inflammatory agent, anti-viral agent, antipsoroiatic agent and/or other active agent in the compositions is from about 0.001 % to about 10%, such as from about 0.01 % to about 5% such as from about 0.05% to about 2% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0025] In one embodiment, the composition includes a sebum miscible agent. What is meant by a sebum miscible agent is an agent that is miscible with sebum as set forth in the following assay. Artificial sebum is prepared as set forth on page 79 (Table 5.4) of a book chapter entitled "The Influence of Skin Surface Lipids on Topical Formulations" by Obsorne and Hatzenbuhler (in "Topical Drug Delivery Formulations", edited by D. Osborne and A. Amann, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1990, pages 69-85). At room temperature this sebum is a white waxy substance. 50 μΙ of the sebum is deposited into a 200 μΙ clear vial using a precision micropipette. 100 μΙ of the test agent is then added to the vial. The vial was warmed at 32°C and visually inspected at the baseline and at eight hours. If the agent is miscible with the sebum, the sebum will become transparent.

[0026] The following is a non-limiting example of sebum miscible agents: aromatic alcohols such as phenyl alcohols with chemical structures of C6H₅-R(OH) where R is an aliphatic radical, such as benzyl alcohol and phenethyl alcohol; aromatic glycol ethers such as ethylene glycol phenyl ether; propylene or butylene oxide-based glycol ethers such as propylene glycol methyl ether and those disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,133,967; fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid, linolenic acid, stearidonic acid, plant, fruit, or marine derived extracts rich in essential fatty acid or polyunsaturated fatty acids such as but not limited to vaccinium myrtillus (bilberry) seed oil, vaccinium macrocarpon (cranberry) seed oil, vaccinium vitis-idaea (lingonberry) seed oil, rubus idaeus (raspberry) seed oil, rubus chamaemorus (cloudberry) seed oil, ribes nigrum (black currant) seed oil, hippophae rhamnoides (sea buckthorn) seed oil, echium plantagineum (echium) seed oil, hordeum vulgare (barley) seed oil, betula alba bud extract, saw palmetto extract, borage oil, evening primrose oil, witch hazel extract and soy oil; cetyl ocenate; isostearyl benzoate; pentaerythiol teraoctenate; isostearyl benzoate; methyl gluceth; tocopherol acetate; benzalkonium chloride; and benzethonium chloride, and combinations thereof.

[0027] Preferably, the further anti-acne agent is selected from desquamators, keratolytics, comedolytics and exfoliants. Desquamators, keratolytics, comedolytics and exfoliants aid in the penetration of the active into the skin, and compounds which are capable of serving one or more of these functions are well known in the art. A compound may have one or more of these properties, for example a desquamator may also act as a keratolytic.

[0028] The further anti-acne agent is preferably selected from one or more of benzoyl peroxide, resorcinol, resorcinol monoacetate, sulfur, salicylic acid, derivatives of salicylic acid having one or more (Ci to C12) alkyl and/or (Q to C12) alkoxy groups on the aromatic ring (e.g., 5-n-octyl salicylic acid, 5-n-octanoyl salicylic acid and 2-hydroxy-3- methoxybenzoic acid), phenol, cresol, metacresyl acetate, lactic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, malic acid, urea, N-acetyl cysteine, retinoic acid, retinol, retinyl esters and combinations of retinol and retinyl esters with retinoid boosters. Retinoid boosters are compounds that mimic the effect of retinoic acid on skin by enhancing the conversion of retinol or retinyl esters to retinoic acid. Retinoid boosters may be used singly or as combinations of two or more compounds. Retinoid boosters are described in WO 02/02074, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Specific retinoid boosters include, for example, ceramides, phosphatidyl choline, linoleic acid, 12- hydroxystearic acid and climbazole.

[0029] The most preferred further anti-acne agents are selected from one or more of benzoyl peroxide, sulfur and salicylic acid.

[0030] These other anti-acne agents are preferably present in the compositions in an amount of from about 0.1 % to about 20% by weight, more preferably from about 0.1 % to about 10%, and most preferably from about 0.1 % to about 5%. Mixtures of these additional anti-acne actives may also be used.

[0031] A further group of anti-acne agents that may be included in compositions of the invention, in addition to the above anti-acne agents or instead of the above anti-acne agents, are antibacterials (including antibiotics and antimicrobials), antifungals, antiprotozoals, and antivirals (e.g., benzoyl peroxide, octopirox, erythromycin, triclosan, azelaic acid and its derivatives, phenoxy ethanol and phenoxy propanol, ethyl acetate, clindamycin and meclocycline, chlorhexidine, tetracycline, neomycin, miconazole hydrochloride, octopirox, parachlorometaxylenol, nystatin, tolnaftate, clotrimazole, cetylpyridinium chloride and the like).

[0032] When a composition according to the present invention comprises an additional topically active ingredient effective in the treatment of acne, most preferably salicylic acid is used. Salicylic acid is preferably incorporated into the composition according to the invention as the free acid. However, the pH of the composition may, and generally will, be such that the salicylic acid exists in the composition in dissociated form. As the composition may well contain cationic counterions, the salicylic acid may then be thought of as being present in salt form. Alternatively, the salicylic acid may be incorporated into the composition in salt form, e.g. as a salt with a Group I metal, such as sodium salicylate. As used herein, unless the context requires otherwise, any and all references to salicylic acid should be taken to encompass references to the acid and to dissociated forms and salts thereof.

[0033] The concentration of salicylic acid in a preferred composition according to the invention is preferably at least 0.01 % by weight, more preferably at least 0.1 %, most preferably at least 0.5% and especially at least 1 % by weight.

[0034] The concentration of salicylic acid is preferably less than 10%, more preferably less than 5%, most preferably less than 4% and especially less than 3% by weight. The concentration of salicylic acid may therefore fall in the range 0.01 % to 10% by weight, more preferably 0.1 % to 5%, and most preferably 0.5% to 4% and especially 1 to 3% by weight. A particularly preferred concentration of salicylic acid is 2% by weight.

[0035] The composition according to the invention may comprise one or more moisturising agents, i.e. ingredients intended to increase the water content of the top layers of the skin. Examples of such ingredients are glycerin, 1 ,3-butylene glycol, propylene glycol, urea, panthenol, a-hydroxy acids such as lactic acid, hydrolysed proteins, hyaluronic acid, pyrrolidone carbonic acid, as well as naturally-occurring materials such as aloe barbadensis. Other suitable ingredients include glycerol quat, glycerol and hydroxyethyl urea and include the Stratys-3 system sold by the company Unilever or those sold under the name Sheer Infusion. The moisturising agents will generally be water-soluble moisturising agents.

[0036] The compositions of the present invention can also include a thickening agent. Suitable thickening agents include cellulose and derivatives thereof such as carboxymethylcellulose hydroxyethylcellulose, cellulose acetate propionate carboxylate, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxyethylmethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, methyl hydroxyethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium cellulose sulfate, and mixtures thereof. Further suitable thickening agents include alkyl substituted celluloses. In these polymers a proportion of the hydroxy groups of the cellulose polymer are hydroyxalkylated (preferably hydroxyethylated or hydroxypropylated) to form a hydroxyalkylated cellulose which is then further modified with a C10-C30 straight chain or branched chain alkyl group through an ether linkage. Typically these polymers are ethers of Cio-C₃₀ straight or branched chain alcohols with hydroxyalkylcelluloses. Examples of alkyl groups useful for modifying the hydroxyalkyl cellulose include those selected from the group consisting of stearyl, isostearyl, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl, isocetyl, cocoyl (i.e. alkyl groups derived from the alcohols of coconut oil), palmityl, oleyl, linoleyl, linolenyl, ricinoleyl, behenyl, and mixtures thereof.

[0037] Other thickening agents suitable for use with the compositions of the invention include acacia, agar, algin, alginic acid, ammonium alginate, amylopectin, calcium alginate, calcium carrageenan, carnitine, carrageenan, dextrin, gelatin, gellan gum, guar gum, guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, hectorite, hyaluronic acid, hydrated silica, hydroxypropyl chitosan, hydroxypropyl guar, karaya gum, kelp, locust bean gum, natto gum, potassium alginate, potassium carrageenan, propylene glycol alginate, sclerotium gum, sodium carboxymethyl dextran, sodium carrageenan, tragacanth gum, xanthan gum, and mixtures thereof.

[0038] Gels provided according to the invention may be aqueous or non-aqueous. Aqueous gels are preferred. The gel will contain a gelling agent in order to give sufficient viscosity to the gel. A particularly suitable gelling agent is a copolymer of acryloyl dimethyl tauric acid (or a salt thereof), especially a copolymer of that monomer with another vinylic monomer. The salt may be a salt of a Group I alkali metal, but is more preferably an ammonium salt. Examples of suitable copolymer gelling agents are ammonium acryloyl dimethyl taurate / vinyl pyrrolidone copolymer, ammonium acryloyl dimethyl taurate / Beheneth- 25 methacrylate copolymer, ammonium acryloyldimethyltaurate / vinyl formamide copolymer. These materials are available from Clariant GmbH in the range of products under the trade name Aristoflex.

[0039] Preferred aqueous systems comprise water in an amount of at least 40% w/w, more preferably at least 50% w/wt, most preferably at least 60% w/w. Some compositions may contain at least 70% or even at least 75% w/w. The upper limit of water will depend on the amounts of other ingredients incorporated in the composition so that the water may form the remainder of the composition up to 100% w/w of the composition. A typical maximum value is less than 90% w/w, for example less than 85% or 80% w/w.

[0040] Compositions according to the invention may further include preservatives. Suitable preservatives include, but are not limited to, Ci-C₄ alkyl parabens and phenoxyethanol, calcium propionate, sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite, sulfites (sulfur dioxide, sodium bisulfite, potassium hydrogen sulfite, etc.) and disodium EDTA. Preservatives are typically present in an amount ranging from about 0.5% to about 2.0% by weight percent, based on the total composition.

[0041] The anti-acne composition may comprise abrasives, that is, ingredients used to assist in the removal of unwanted tissue or foreign materials from the skin during application of the composition. Abrasives commonly comprise fine solid particles. One example of a suitable abrasive is polyethylene beads.

[0042] Compositions of the invention contain a copolymer having the repeating unit;

wherein R is H or Ci- alkyl, or the hydrated, hemiacetal or acetal form of the repeating unit. The hydrated, hemiacetal or acetal form of the repeating unit is taken to include those copolymers having groups having any one or more of the following structures:

[0043] A typical example of a polymer segment is the segment of formula:

wherein X are further portions of the polymer.

[0044] It will however be appreciated that because of the option of oxygen-carbon or carbon -carbon polymerization the structure can vary significantly within the polymer.

[0045] The "R" group can be any one of a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group or a tert-butyl group. In particular embodiments of the invention the R group is a hydrogen atom, and the copolymers be considered as the copolymers of 2-propenal and the hydrated, hemiacetal or acetal form of the 2-propenal monomer unit. [0046] In some cases, copolymers suitable for use on the compositions of the invention can be prepared by radical copolymerization of 2-propenal with any appropriate comonomer. In some specific embodiments of the invention the copolymer is formed by the copolymerization of 2-propenal and 2-propenoic acid. In other cases the copolymer suitable for use with the invention may be prepared by reacting a suitable precursor polymer. For instance, a polymer suitable for use with the invention may be synthesized by partial oxidation of poly(2-propenal) to introduce from 0.1 to 5 mole carboxyl groups per kilogram of polymer.

[0047] Compositions of the invention may employ a C-3-ιο alkanediol as part of the carrier. The C3-10 alkanediol may be a linear chain C3-10 alkanediol or a branched chain C3-10 alkanediol. The C3-10 alkanediol may be substituted or unsubstituted. As noted above, the C-3-10 alkanediol in the composition may be selected from the group consisting of 1 ,2- ethanediol, 1 ,2-propanediol, 1 ,3-propanediol, 1 ,2-butanediol, 1 ,3-butanediol, 1 ,4- butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1 ,2-pentanediol, 1 ,4-pentanediol, 1 ,5-pentanediol, 2,4- pentanediol, 1 ,2-hexanediol, 1 ,5-hexanediol, 1 ,6-hexanediol, 2,5-hexanediol, 1 ,7- heptanediol, 1 ,2-octanediol, 1 ,8-octanediol, 1 ,9 nonanediol, 1 ,2-decanediol, 1 ,10- decanediol and neopentyl glycol. In some cases, C3-10 alkanediol is a 1 ,2-C-3-ioalkanediol. The 1 ,2-0-3-10 alkanediol may be a linear chain 1 ,2-C3-io alkanediol or a branched chain 1 ,2-C3-io alkanediol. The 1 ,2-C3-io alkanediol may be substituted or unsubstituted. In some cases, the 1 ,2-C₃-ioalkanediol may be selected from the group consisting of 1 ,2- propanediol, 1 ,2-butanediol, 1 ,2-pentanediol, 1 ,2-hexanediol, 1 ,2-heptanediol, 1 ,2- octanediol, 1 ,2-nonanediol and 1 ,2-decanediol. In some cases the C3-10 alkanediol is a 1 ,2-C3-ioalkanediol selected from the group consisting of 1 ,2-propanediol, 1 ,2-butanediol, 1 ,2-hexanediol and 1 ,2-octanediol.

[0048] The compositions according to the invention can be made up in the customary manner and used for the treatment of the skin and/or of the hair in the sense of a dermatological treatment or of a treatment in the sense of medicated cosmetics. However, they can also be employed in decorative cosmetics in make-up products. [0049] For use, the compositions according to the invention are applied to the skin and/or the hair in adequate amount in the manner customary for cosmetics and dermatological agents.

[0050] The compositions according to the invention can contain cosmetic auxiliaries such as are customarily used in such preparations, e.g. preservatives, bactericides, antioxidants, perfumes, agents for preventing foaming, colorants, pigments which have a colouring action, thickeners, surface-active substances, emulsifiers, emollient substances, moisturizing and/or moisture-retaining substances, fats, oils, waxes or other customary constituents of a cosmetic formulation such as alcohols, polyols, polymers, foam stabilizers, electrolytes, organic solvents or silicone derivatives.

[0051] Some specific examples of dermatologically-acceptable carriers suitable for application with the invention include water, olive oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, arachis oil, coconut oil, liquid paraffin, polyethyleneglycol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, glycerol, fatty alcohols, triglycerides, polyvinyl alcohol, partially hydrolysed poly vinyl acetate. Other suitable carriers would be appreciated by one having ordinary skill in the art.

[0052] Various embodiments of the compositions of the invention may include a stabilizing agent. The stabilizing agent may be an antioxidant selected from the group consisting of amino acids (e.g. glycine, histidine, tyrosine, tryptophan) and their derivatives, imidazoles (e.g. urocanic acid) and their derivatives, peptides such as D,L- carnosine, D-carnosine, L-carnosine and their derivatives (e.g. anserine), carotenoids, carotenes (e.g. a-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene) and their derivatives, lipoic acid and its derivatives (e.g. dihydrolipoic acid), aurothioglucose, propylthiouracil and other thiols (e.g. thioredoxin, glutathione, cysteine, cystine, cystamine and their glycosyl, N-acetyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, amyl, butyl and lauryl, palmitoyl, oleyl, γ-linoleyl, cholesteryl and glyceryl esters) and their salts, dilauryl thiodipropionate, distearyl thiodipropionate, thiodipropionic acid and its derivatives (esters, ethers, peptides, lipids, nucleotides, nucleosides and salts) and sulphoximine compounds (e.g. buthionine sulphoximines, homocysteine sulphoximine, buthionine sulphones, penta-, hexa- or heptathioninesulphoxime) in very low tolerable doses (e.g. pmol to .mu.mol/kg), further (metal) chelators (e.g. .alpha. -hydroxy fatty acids, palmitic acid, phytic acid, lactoferrin), .alpha. -hydroxy acids (e.g. citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid), humic acid, bile acid, bile extracts, bilirubin, biliverdin, EDTA, EGTA and their derivatives, unsaturated fatty acids and their derivatives (e.g. γ-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid), folic acid and its derivatives, ubiquinone and ubiquinol and their derivatives, vitamin C and derivatives (e.g. ascorbyl palmitate, Mg-ascorbyl phosphate, ascorbyl acetate), tocopherols and derivatives (e.g. vitamin E acetate), vitamin A and derivatives (vitamin A palmitate) and coniferyl benzoate from benzoin, rutic acid and its derivatives, ferulic acid and its derivatives, butyl hydroxytoluene, butylhydroxyanisole, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, trihydroxybutyrophenone, uric acid and its derivatives, mannose and its derivatives, zinc and its derivatives (e.g. ZnO, ZnS0₄), selenium and its derivatives (e.g. selenomethionine), stilbenes and their derivatives (e.g. stilbene oxide, trans-stilbene oxide) and the derivatives suitable according to the invention (salts, esters, ethers, sugars, nucleotides, nucleosides, peptides and lipids) of these said active compounds. The stabilizing agent may be present at a concentration of from 0.2-3.0%.

[0053] The compositions of the present invention can also include a thickening agent. Suitable thickening agents include cellulose and derivatives thereof such as carboxymethyl hydroxyethylcellulose, cellulose acetate propionate carboxylate, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxyethyl ethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, methyl hydroxyethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium cellulose sulfate, and mixtures thereof. Further suitable thickening agents include alkyl substituted celluloses. In these polymers the a proportion of the hydroxy groups of the cellulose polymer are hydroyxalkylated (preferably hydroxyethylated or hydroxypropylated) to form a hydroxyalkylated cellulose which is then further modified with a C10-C30 straight chain or branched chain alkyl group through an ether linkage. Typically these polymers are ethers of C10-C30 straight or branched chain alcohols with hydroxyalkylcelluloses. Examples of alkyl groups useful for modifying the hydroxyalkyl cellulose include those selected from the group consisting of stearyl, isostearyl, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl, isocetyl, cocoyl (i.e. alkyl groups derived from the alcohols of coconut oil), palmityl, oleyl, linoleyl, linolenyl, ricinoleyl, behenyl, and mixtures thereof.

[0054] Other thickening agents suitable for use with the compositions of the invention include acacia, agar, algin, alginic acid, ammonium alginate, amylopectin, calcium alginate, calcium carrageenan, carnitine, carrageenan, dextrin, gelatin, gellan gum, guar gum, guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, hectorite, hyaluronic acid, hydrated silica, hydroxypropyl chitosan, hydroxypropyl guar, karaya gum, kelp, locust bean gum, natto gum, potassium alginate, potassium carrageenan, propylene glycol alginate, sclerotium gum, sodium carboxymethyl dextran, sodium carrageenan, tragacanth gum, xanthan gum, and mixtures thereof.

[0055] Compositions according to the invention may further include preservatives. Suitable preservatives include, but are not limited to, C1 -C3 alkyl parabens and phenoxyethanol, calcium propionate, sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite, sulfites (sulfur dioxide, sodium bisulfite, potassium hydrogen sulfite, etc.) and disodium EDTA. Preservatives are typically present in an amount ranging from about 0.5% to about 2.0% by weight percent, based on the total composition.

[0056] The compositions of the invention optionally include a skin cleansing agent. The skin cleansing agent may take the form of a soap or surfactant. Examples of anionic surfactants potentially useful in the compositions of the invention include, but are not limited to, soaps, sulfates, sulfonates and carboxylates such as alkyl carboxylate salts. More specifically, useful anionic surfactants include alkyl sulfates and sulfonates, alkyl ether sulfates and sulfonates, alkyl aryl sulfates and sulfonates, aryl sulfates and sulfonates, sulfated fatty acid esters, sulfonated fatty acids, sulfated monoglycerides, sulfonated olefins, primary or secondary alkane sulfonates, alkyl sulfosuccinates, acyl taurates, methyl acyl taurates, acyl isothionates, alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate, sulfonated methyl esters, alkyl phosphates, acyl glutamates, acyl sarcosinates, alkyl sulfoacetates, acylated peptides, alkyl ether carboxylates, acyl lactylates, anionic fluorosurfactants, ethoxylated alkyl sulfates, alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates, fatty acyl glycinates, alpha- sulfonated fatty acids, their salts and/or their esters, alkyl ethoxy carboxylates, and mixtures thereof.

[0057] Any counter cation can be used in the anionic surfactant. In some specific cases the counter cation is selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, and counter cations derived from diethanolamine, or triethanolamine. In some particular embodiments the counter cation is sodium or potassium.

[0058] One group of anionic surfactants which may be used in the compositions of the invention is the group consisting of disodiumdecyl(sulfoxy)benzene sulphonate, sodium lauryl sulfate and disodium oxybis(decylsulfophenoxy)b- enzene sulfonate.

[0059] When the composition is in the form of a skin cleaner the composition may include a soap. A soap is a surfactant having neutral to alkaline pH typically derived by neutralization of fatty acids with alkaline compounds such as alkali metal hydroxide or alkanolamines.

[0060] Examples of non-ionic surfactants potentially suitable for use with the compositions of the invention include, but are not limited to, alkyl polyglycosides, alcohol ethoxylates such as fatty alcohol ethoxylates and/or propoxylates, alkyl phenolethoxylates, glycol ester surfactants, PEG(20) sorbitan monooleate, polyethylene glycol cocoate, propylene oxide/ethylene oxide block polymers, alkanolamines, and mixtures thereof.

[0061] Some specific non-ionic surfactants suitable for use in the compositions of the invention include polyoxyalkylene glycol based surfactants. These polyoxyalkylene based surfactants include hexitan esters such as polysorbates, polyethoxylated alkylphenols, poloxamers, polyethoxylated fatty alcohols, polyoxyethylene glycol monoethers, alkyl polyglucosides and ethoxylated polysiloxanes. [0062] Examples of amphoteric surfactants useful in compositions of the invention include but are not limited to betaines, amine oxides, sultaines, and mixtures thereof. More specifically, examples of useful amphoteric surfactants include alkyl betaines (oleyl betaine and lauryl betaine), cocamidopropyldimethyl betaine, cocamido betaine, alkyl sultaines, alkyl amphoacetates (cocamphoacetate), alkyl amphodiacetates (cocamphodiacetate), alkyl amphopropionates, alkyl amphodipropionates (cocamphocarboxypropionate), cocamphocarboxy propionic acid, cocamidopropylhydroxysultaine, alkyldimethyl amine oxides, coconut monoethanolamine, cetydimethylamine oxide, stearamine oxide, oleamine oxide, cocamidopropylamine dimethyl oxide, and mixtures thereof.

[0063] Other skin cleansing agents appropriate for use in the compositions of the invention would be readily known by one of ordinary skill in the art.

[0064] The compositions of the invention may also include a skin softening agent. The skin softening agents suitable for use with the compositions of the invention are, when incorporated into the composition and applied to the skin, essentially clear, colorless, and non-malodorous. They are dermatologically safe and are compatible with the active agents of the compositions as well as any other composition ingredients. The skin softening agents can be used singly or in combination in a concentration ranging from approximately 0.01 to 10.0% w/v. In some embodiments they are included in the range of from approximately 0.05 to 5.0%. Skin softening agents suitable for use in the present invention include, but are not limited to, glycerin, caprylic/capric triglyceride, pantothenol and its derivatives and related moieties, and hyaluronic acid and related moieties. Other appropriate skin softening agents suitable for use in the compositions of the invention would be readily known to one having ordinary skill in the art.

[0065] The anti-acne composition may additionally comprise a polymeric carrier such as an acrylate, methacrylate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, stable aqueous carboxy vinyl polymer gels, silicones or other suitable polymer. [0066] The compositions according to the invention may also include a fragrance. The fragrance may be present at between about 0.0001 % (v/v) and about 2.0%) (v/v) of the final composition. In some cases the fragrance is present between about 0.001 % (v/v) and 1 .0% (v/v). In still other cases the fragrance is present between 0.01 % (v/v) and 5% (v/v) of the final composition. For the purpose of the present application the term "fragrance" is meant to encompass any component reacting with the human olfactory sites and imparting a pleasurable odor, essence or scent. Fragrances that may be used in accordance with the present invention include any synthetic as well as natural fragrance and mixtures thereof. Typically a multiplicity of fragrances are used to achieve the desired effect. Those of skill in the art further recognize the terms "top note" (i.e. fragrances having a high vapor pressure), "middle note" (i.e. fragrance having a medium vapor pressure) and "base note" (i.e. fragrances having a low vapor pressure). Recognizing that categorization within these classes may depend to some extent on the fragrance formulator, the compositions of the present invention may include any top note, middle note and base note fragrance. A further way of classifying fragrances is in accordance with generally recognized scents they produce. Descriptors used by those skilled in the art of fragrances are inter alia "rose", "floral", "green", "citrus", "spicy", "honey", "musk", "herbal, "jasmine", "lilac", lily of the valley", "orange", "peach", "oriental", "watermelon" "chypre" and "lemon", "woody", "fruity" all of which fragrances thus classified may be formulated with the compositions of the present invention.

[0067] Fragrances that may be used in accordance with the present invention include linear and cyclic alkenes (i.e. terpenes); primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols; ethers; esters; ketones; nitrites; and saturated and unsaturated aldehydes; or mixtures thereof.

[0068] Examples of synthetic fragrances that may be used in the compositions of the present invention include acetanisole; acetophenone; acetyl cedrene; methyl nonyl acetaldehyde; musk anbrette; heliotropin; citronellol; sandella; methoxycitranellal; hydroxycitranella); phenyl ethyl acetate; phenyletlhylisobutarate; gamma methyl ionone; geraniol; anetlhole; benzaldehyde; benzyl acetate; benzyl salicate; linalool; ciitiamic alcohol; phenyl acetaldehyde; amyl cinnamic aldehyde; caphore; p-tertiairy butyl cyclohexyl acetate; citral; cinnamyl acetate; citral diethyl acetal; coumarin; ethylene brasslate.; eugenol; 1 -mentlhol; vanillin; and mixtures thereof. It will of course be appreciated that other dermatologically acceptable synthetic fragrances suitable for use in the compositions of the invention would be readily known to one having ordinary skill in the art.

[0069] Examples of natural fragrances that may be used in the compositions of the present invention include without limitation lavandin; heliotropin; sandlewood oil; oak moss; pathouly; ambergris tincture; ambrette seed absolute; angelic root oil; bergamont oil; benzoin Siam resin; buchu leaf oil; cassia oil; cedarwood oil; cassia oil; castorcum; civet absolute; chamomile oil; geranium oil; lemon oil; lavender oil; Ylang Ylang oil; and mixlures thereof. It will of course be appreciated that other dermatologically acceptable natural fragrances suitable for use in the compositions of the invention would be readily known to one having ordinary skill in the art.

[0070] Compositions of the invention may also include a dye. Dyes suitable for use with the compositions of the invention include fat-soluble dyes and water-soluble dyes. The dye, if present, may be present in an amount generally ranging from 0.001 % to 2.0% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. In some cases the dye is present in an amount from 0.005% to 1 .0%. In other cases the dye is present in an amount form from 0.01 % to 0.5%. As will be appreciated by one having skill in the art, dyes suitable for use with the compositions of the invention will be dermatologically acceptable dyes.

[0071] Examples of fat-soluble dyes include Soudan red, D & C Red 17, D & C Green 6, β-carotene, soybean oil, Soudan brown, D & C Yellow 1 1 , D & C Violet 2, D & C Orange 5, and quinoline yellow. Examples of water-soluble dyes include beet juice and methylene blue.

[0072] Compositions of the invention may also include a pigment. The pigment can be white or colored, inorganic and/or organic, coated or uncoated. Suitable such inorganic pigments include titanium dioxide, optionally treated on its surface, or zirconium oxide or cerium oxide, as well as iron oxide or chromium oxide, manganese violet, ultramarine blue, chromium hydrate and ferric blue. Suitable organic pigments include carbon black, and lakes based on cochineal carmine or on barium, strontium, calcium or aluminum.

[0073] In some cases the pigments may be pearlescent. The pearlescent pigments can be selected from white pearlescent pigments such as mica covered with titanium oxide or with bismuth oxychloride, colored pearlescent pigments such as titanium oxide-coated mica coated with iron oxides, titanium oxide-coated mica coated with, in particular, ferric blue or chromium oxide, or titanium oxide-coated mica coated with an organic pigment of the above-mentioned type, as well as pearlescent pigments based on bismuth oxychloride.

[0074] Compositions of the invention may be formulated as any type of formulation appropriate for application to the skin. In some cases the compositions of the invention may be formulated as a hand lotion, a sunscreen, a face cream, a moisturizer, a barrier cream, a hand sanitizer, a gel, a mousse, a shaving cream, a shaving gel, a night emollient cream.

[0075] The anti-acne composition may be in the form of a skin cleansing composition comprising: from about 0.1 to about 5 percent by weight of the 2-propenal polymer antiacne agent (optionally with one or more further anti-acne agents); from about 1 to about 25 percent by weight of at least one alcohol; from about 0.1 to about 15 percent by weight of at least one solubilizer; and water.

[0076] The solubilizer may, for example be selected from the group consisting of propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polysorbate-20, polysorbate-40, isoceteth-15, isoceteth-20, isoceteth-30, sorbeth-20, sorbeth-40, PEG-40 castor oil, polypropylene glycol-5 ceteth 20, and combinations thereof.

[0077] For the methods of the invention, the compositions according to the invention are applied to the skin in adequate amount in the manner customary for cosmetics and dermatological agents. The precise amount applied will be dependent on the precise formulation adopted and on the severity of the acne for which the composition is being applied.

[0078] The compositions may be applied to skin while wet or while dry. In some cases, the compositions will be rinsed from the skin immediately after applying, as in a process of washing skin. In other cases the compositions may be applied and left in contact with the skin for a variable period of time, after which the composition is removed. In still other cases, the compositions may be rubbed onto or into the skin and left, as in application of a cream.

[0079] In some instances the methods of the invention will be applied in association with other treatments or methods. For example the composition of the invention may be part of a skin product such as a face lotion or cream, a makeup, night cream, cosmetic foundation or sunscreen composition.

[0080] The anti-acne composition may comprise one or more additional anti-acne or antifungal agents which may provide synergy or complementary activity.

[0081] The composition may comprise from about 0.1 % to about 10% by weight of one or more additional anti-fungal agents although such agents are not generally required in order to provide useful antifungal activity. Examples of anti-fungal agents may be selected from the group consisting of elemental sulfur, selenium sulfide, zinc pyrithione, triclosan, trichlorocarbanilide, dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, monoammonium glycyrrhizinate, allantoin, isopropylmethylphenol, ketoconazole, climbazole and salicylic acid. One of the significant advantages, however, of the anti-acne composition, is that it also exhibits an anti-fungal activity so that the composition may be free of additional antifungal agents without loss of activity against fungal infections although additional agents may be used if desired. [0082] The complexes of copper such as is the copper complex of ethylenedianninetetraacetic acid may be present the compositions to mask the odor of additional anti-fungal agents although the active poly(2-propenal) polymer generally has little or no odor.

[0083] In one embodiment the anti-acne composition is in a form selected from the group consisting of aerosol spray, gel, paste, cream, lotion, sponge, emulsion, or ointment, stick and patch.

[0084] The anti-acne composition for use in the methods of the present invention suitable for topical administration may be presented as discrete units including aerosol sprays, each containing a predetermined amount of the active ingredient, as a powder, stick, or granules, as creams (e.g. a conditioner), pastes, gels, lotions (e.g. a sunscreen), ointments, on sponges or cotton applicators, or as a solution or a suspension in an aqueous liquid, a non-aqueous liquid, an oil-in-water emulsion, or a water-in-oil liquid emulsion. Such compositions may be prepared by any of the methods of pharmacy, but all methods include the step of bringing into association the carrier(s) with the active ingredient, which comprises the poly(2-propenal) polymer. In general, the compositions are prepared by uniformly and intimately admixing the active ingredient with liquid carriers or finely divided solid carriers or both, and then, if necessary, shaping the product into the desired presentation.

[0085] Examples of materials and methods for use with the compositions and methods of the present invention will now be provided. In providing these examples, it is to be understood that the specific nature of the following description is not to limit the generality of the above description. EXAMPLES

Example 1

[0086] Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) was used in powdered form obtained by the following method. Water (720 mL at ambient temperature, about 20°C) and 2-propenal (60g; freshly distilled) were placed in an open beaker, within a fume cupboard and vigorously stirred. Then, 0.2M aqueous sodium hydroxide (21 .4 mL) was added to bring the pH to 10.5 - 1 1 .0. Within a minute, the clear solution became milky and then precipitation of a white flocculant polymer began, and appeared complete within 30 minutes. The precipitate was filtered and washed with water (250 mL), dried at room temperature (2 days) to yield 25g of white polypropenal. The polymer was spread on trays and heated in a temperature controlled oven at 40°C/8 hours. This heating was continued at the schedules : 50°c/15 hours; 65°C/4 hours/75°C/18 hours; 84°C/24 hours.

[0087] Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) was also prepared by preparing polypropenal as above, but alternatively dissolving the polymer (10g) as a 10% solution in ethanol, adding 30% w/w hydrogen peroxide (4.5 mL). The solution was heated at 75°C for 2 hours. The ethanol was evaporated and the product dried to give a white semi-crystalline product.

[0088] Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) produced by either oxidation method have identical physicochemical and antimicrobial properties.

[0089] The compositions of Examples 1 to 10 may be prepared by mixing the poly(2- propenal, 2-propenoic acid) with the alcohol portions with mild heating to no more than 70°C if necessary to dissolve the polymer. Once dissolved, the remaining components are mixed with the solution to provide a homogenous composition. Lotion Formulation: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1 ,2-propanediol

Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w)

Alcohol 50 50 50 50

Lactic Acid 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Poly(2-propenal, 2- 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid)

1 ,2-propanediol 0.2 0.2 1 .0 1 .0

Preservatives, 1 .0 1 .0 1 .0 1.0 fragrance, dye

Water 48.25 46.3 47.45 45.5

Total 100 100 100 100

Example 2

Lotion Formulation: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1 ,3-butanediol

Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w)

Alcohol 50 50 50 50

Lactic Acid 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Poly(2-propenal, 2- 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid)

1 ,3-butanediol 0.2 0.2 1 .0 1.0

Preservatives, 1 .0 1 .0 1 .0 1.0 fragrance, dye

Water 48.25 46.3 47.45 45.5

Total 100 100 100 100

Example 3

Lotion Formulation: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1 ,2-pentanediol

Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w)

Alcohol 50 50 50 50

Lactic Acid 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Poly(2-propenal, 2- 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid)

1 ,2-pentanediol 0.2 0.2 1 .0 1 .0 Preservatives, 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 fragrance, dye

Water 48.25 46.3 47.45 45.5

Total 100 100 100 100

Example 4

Lotion Formulation: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1,2-hexanediol

Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w)

Alcohol 50 50 50 50

Lactic Acid 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Poly(2-propenal, 2- 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid)

1,2-hexanediol 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.0

Preservatives, 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 fragrance, dye

Water 48.25 46.3 47.45 45.5

Total 100 100 100 100

Example 5

Lotion Formulation: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1,2-heptanediol

Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w)

Alcohol 50 50 50 50

Lactic Acid 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Poly(2-propenal, 2- 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid)

1,2-heptanediol 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.0

Preservatives, 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 fragrance, dye

Water 48.25 46.3 47.45 45.5

Total 100 100 100 100 Example 6

Lotion Formulation: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1 ,2-octanediol

Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w)

Alcohol 50 50 50 50

Lactic Acid 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Poly(2-propenal, 2- 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid)

1 ,2-octanediol 0.2 0.2 1 .0 1.0

Preservatives, 1 .0 1 .0 1 .0 1.0 fragrance, dye

Water 48.25 46.3 47.45 45.5

Total 100 100 100 100

Example 7

Lotion Formulation: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1 ,2-nonanediol

Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w)

Alcohol 50 50 50 50

Lactic Acid 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Poly(2-propenal, 2- 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid)

1 ,2-nonanediol 0.2 0.2 1 .0 1.0

Preservatives, 1 .0 1 .0 1 .0 1.0 fragrance, dye

Water 48.25 46.3 47.45 45.5

Total 100 100 100 100 Example 8

Lotion Formulation: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1 ,2-decanediol

Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w)

Alcohol 50 50 50 50

Lactic Acid 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Poly(2-propenal, 2- 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid)

1 ,2-decanediol 0.2 0.2 1 .0 1 .0

Preservatives, 1 .0 1 .0 1 .0 1.0 fragrance, dye

Water 48.25 46.3 47.45 45.5

Total 100 100 100 100

Example 9

Treatment Course Formulation: Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and 1 ,2- propanediol

Component % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w) % (w/w)

Hydroxypropyl- 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 methylcellulose

Glycerol 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5

Cetearyl alcohol 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5

Glyceryl stearate 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0

Lactic Acid 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

Poly(2-propenal, 2- 0.05 2.0 0.05 2.0 propenoic acid)

1 ,2-propanediol 0.2 0.2 1 .0 1 .0

Preservatives, 1 .0 1 .0 1 .0 1.0 fragrance, dye

Water 83.25 81 .3 82.45 80.5

Total 100 100 100 100 Example 10

Anti-acne composition containing Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) and Salicylic Acid

Component % Weight

Ethanol (SD 40B Alcohol 20

Salicylic Acid 0.5

Poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic 1 .0

acid)

Aloe Vera Gel 0.5

Menthol 0.05

Witch Hazel Distillate 5.0

Na Methyl cocoyl Taurate or 1 .0

Na Methyl Oleoyl Taurate

Quaternium-22 1 .0

Disodium EDTA 0.005

Water to 100

Example 11

[0090] This Example determined the susceptibility of Propionicbacterium acnes strains to poly (2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) [PPPA] using agar based test methods (disc diffusion and agar well diffusion).

Description of test system

[0091] A panel of 198 bacterial and fungal strains was tested for PPPA susceptibility. This panel included isolates of human, veterinary and environmental interest.

[0092] For aerobic bacterial strains, the primary test method used for detecting PPPA activity was disc diffusion on M9 minimal medium.

[0093] For Propionicbacterium acnes, the test method was disc diffusion on Fastidious Anaerobe Agar (FAA) supplemented with 5% v/v defibrinated horse blood. Procedure: preparation of PPPA stock solution and antimicrobial discs

[0094] 0.75g of poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) (also referred to herein as "PPPA") was accurately weighed and transferred to a 5 ml volumetric flask. The solid material was dissolved as completely as possible in 95% ethanol. Ultrasonication (minimum 30 minutes) was applied to aid dissolution. The solution was then left at room temperature overnight to achieve complete dissolution. Final concentration of PPPA in this stock solution was 0.15 grams per ml (150 mg/ml).

[0095] PPPA stock solution was used on the day of preparation (after the overnight dissolution period) and any excess was discarded at the end of the working day.

[0096] Blank paper discs designed for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (diameter 6.5 mm) were purchased from Mast Group Limited, UK (blank MastdiscsTM - product code BD0638W). The mean volume of water that could be completely absorbed by one blank disc had been previously calculated as 25 μΙ.

[0097] Test article stock solution was used to prepare PPPA-impregnated paper discs. A 20 μΙ volume of the stock solution was pipetted onto each disc. Thus, total mass of PPPA on each disc was 3 mg (3000 g). Sterilized forceps were used to manipulate the discs. Discs were allowed to dry completely in a 35°C incubator and were then stored in labelled containers at 5°C ±3°C. Discs were used within 1 week of preparation.

Procedure: preparation of bacterial inocula

[0098] The Propionibacterium acnes bacteria were subcultured from frozen stocks on FAA. The nutrient agar was incubated at 35°C ±1 °C or 37°C ±1 °C (bacteria) for approximately 24 hours.

[0099] Each incubated plate was carefully inspected to confirm the presence of a pure culture; further subcultures were prepared if necessary. [0100] From each pure culture, three to five well-isolated colonies of a single morphological type were sampled by touching with a sterile bacteriological loop. Bacterial cells collected in this way were suspended in a 5 - 10 ml volume of sterile MRD, with vortex mixing, until homogenous turbidity equivalent to that of a 0.5 McFarland Standard was attained. A bacterial suspension adjusted in this way contained approximately 1 10⁸ cfu per ml.

[0101] Each inoculum was used within 15 minutes of preparation.

[0102] A single plate of the Fastidious Anaerobe Agar (FAA) was inoculated by streaking the swab over the entire sterile agar surface. This was repeated by streaking two more times, rotating the plate approximately 60 degrees each time, to ensure an even distribution of inoculum. Finally, the outer rim of the agar was swabbed.

[0103] The lid of the agar plate was left ajar for 3 to 5 minutes, but no more than 15 minutes, to allow the excess surface moisture to be absorbed before the antibiotic- impregnated discs were applied.

[0104] PPPA discs were removed from the refrigerator and the contents were allowed to equilibrate at room temperature for 1 to 2 hours.

[0105] A single disc was placed on each inoculated agar plate. The disc was gently pressed down with a sterile loop or needle in order to ensure close contact with the agar surface. Once a disc had been placed on the agar surface it was not moved.

Procedure: incubation of disc diffusion plates

[0106] After the discs had been applied (within 15 minutes), plates were inverted and incubated at 35°C ±1 oC for 16 - 18 hours in the appropriate incubation atmosphere. Procedure: reading and interpretation of disc diffusion tests

[0107] After incubation, a confluent lawn of bacterial growth was clearly visible, with a uniformly circular zone of inhibition around the disc (if measurable inhibition had occurred).

[0108] The diameter of each zone of inhibition was measured to the nearest mm. The plate was held above a black, non-reflecting background illuminated with reflected light and the zone was measured using calibrated digital calipers. The inhibition zone was recorded as the area showing no visible growth as discerned by the unaided eye.

RESULTS

[0109] Measurable zones of inhibition around the PPPA disc were obtained using the agar disc diffusion method. The results of that assay for 15 isolates of Propionibacterium acnes are presented in Table 1 .

[0110] Zone diameter results for control strains are presented in Table 2.

Table 1

Table 2

Zone diameter results for control strains

NT - not tested

M9 - Minimal Medium

ISA - ISO sensitive agar

[0111] The results demonstrate effectiveness of PPPA in control of Propionibacterium acnes which is primarily responsible for acne.

Claims

CLAIMS:

1 . Use of a polymer of 2-propenal in preparation of a medicament for topical application to an area of skin affected by acne.

2. The use according to claim 1 wherein the polymer of 2-propenal is preferably formed by anionic polymerization.

3. The use according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the polymer of 2-propenal is poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid), preferably formed by oxidation of a poly(2- propenal) so as to introduce carboxyl groups, more preferably comprising from 0.1 to 5 moles of carboxyl groups per kilogram of polymer.

4. The use according to any one of the previous claims wherein the polymer of 2- propenal is present in the topical medicament in an amount of from 0.01 to 10% by weight of the topical medicament and preferably from 0.05 to 5% by weight of the topical medicament polymer of poly(2-propenal).

5. The use according to any one of the previous claims wherein the medicament further compsises a dermatologically acceptable carrier.

6. The use according to any one of the previous claims wherein the medicament is in a form selected from the group consisting of a lotion, cream, moisturizer, gel, mousse, shaving cream, shaving gel, a night emollient cream, soap and a stick.

7. The use according to any one of the previous claims wherein the medicament is in a form selected from the group consisting of a hydroalcoholic system (e. g. liquids and gels), an anhydrous oil or silicone based system, and an emulsion system, including, but not limited to, oil-in-water, water-in-oil, water-in-oil-in- water, and oil- in-water-in-silicone emulsions.

8. The use according to any one of the previous claims wherein the medicament further comprises an anti-inflammatory agent.

9. The use according to any one of the previous claims wherein the medicament comprises an amount of anti-inflammatory agent, anti-viral agent, antifungal agent and/or other active agent in the compositions is from about 0.001 % to about 10%, such as from about 0.01 % to about 5% such as from about 0.05% to about 2% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

10. The use according to any one of the previous claims wherein the medicament comprises a sebum miscible agent preferably selected from the group consisting of aromatic alcohols such as phenyl alcohols with chemical structures of C6H5- R(OH) where R is an aliphatic radical, such as benzyl alcohol and phenethyl alcohol; aromatic glycol ethers such as ethylene glycol phenyl ether; propylene or butylene oxide-based glycol ethers such as propylene glycol methyl ether, fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid, linolenic acid, stearidonic acid, plant, fruit, or marine derived extracts rich in essential fatty acid or polyunsaturated fatty acids such as but not limited to vaccinium myrtillus (bilberry) seed oil, vaccinium macrocarpon (cranberry) seed oil, vaccinium vitis-idaea (lingonberry) seed oil, rubus idaeus (raspberry) seed oil, rubus chamaemorus (cloudberry) seed oil, ribes nigrum (black currant) seed oil, hippophae rhamnoides (sea buckthorn) seed oil, echium plantagineum (echium) seed oil, hordeum vulgare (barley) seed oil, betula alba bud extract, saw palmetto extract, borage oil, evening primrose oil, witch hazel extract and soy oil; cetyl ocenate; isostearyl benzoate; pentaerythiol teraoctenate; isostearyl benzoate; methyl gluceth; tocopherol acetate; benzalkonium chloride; and benzethonium chloride, and combinations thereof.

1 1 . The use according to any one of the previous claims wherein the medicament further comprises an additional anti-acne agent, preferably comprising at least one selected from desquamators, keratolytics, comedolytics and exfoliants.

12. The use according to any one of the previous claims wherein the medicament comprises a further anti-acne agent is preferably selected from one or more of benzoyl peroxide, resorcinol, resorcinol monoacetate, sulfur, salicylic acid, derivatives of salicylic acid having one or more (Ci to C12) alkyl and/or (Ci to C12) alkoxy groups on the aromatic ring (e.g., 5-n-octyl salicylic acid, 5-n-octanoyl salicylic acid and 2-hydroxy-3- methoxybenzoic acid), phenol, cresol, metacresyl acetate, lactic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, malic acid, urea, N-acetyl cysteine, retinoic acid, retinol, retinyl esters and combinations of retinol and retinyl esters with retinoid boosters

13. The use according to any one of the previous claims wherein the medicament further comprises salicylic acid or dermatologically acceptable salt thereof.

14. The use according to any one of the previous claims wherein the medicament further comprises one or more moisturising agents, preferably selected from the group consisting of glycerin, 1 ,3-butylene glycol, propylene glycol, urea, panthenol, glycerol quat, glycerol, hydroxyethyl urea, a-hydroxy acids such as lactic acid, hydrolysed proteins, hyaluronic acid, pyrrolidone carbonic acid, as well as naturally-occurring materials such as aloe barbadensis.

15. A topical composition for treatment of acne comprising a polymer of 2-propenal and a topical carrier thereof.

16. A method for the treatment of acne, which method comprises the topical application of a polymer of 2-propenal.

17. The use according to any one of the previous claims wherein the medicament further comprises one or more glycols, preferably selected from the group consisting of propylene glycol, 1 ,3-butylene glycol, 1 ,2-pentylene glycol, 1 ,2- hexylene glycol, 1 ,2-octylene glycol.

18. The method according to claim 16, wherein the polymer of 2-propenal is preferably formed by anionic polymerization.

19. The method according to claim 16 or claim 18, wherein the polymer of 2-propenal is poly(2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid), preferably formed by oxidation of a poly(2- propenal) so as to introduce carboxyl groups, more preferably comprising from 0.1 to 5 moles of carboxyl groups per kilogram of polymer.

20. The method according to claim 16 or claim 18 or claim 19, wherein the polymer of 2-propenal is present in the topical medicament in an amount of from 0.01 to 10% by weight of the topical medicament and preferably from 0.05 to 5% by weight of the topical medicament polymer of poly(2-propenal).